CBC Lab Panel

Decoding MCHC Blood Test Results: A Comprehensive Guide An MCHC blood test is a key part of a complete blood count (CBC). It gives important details about a person's health. This test measures the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells. This measurement helps the body carry oxygen effectively. The MCH blood test, also known as the hemoglobin test, is part of the CBC. A CBC is a common blood test that checks different parts of your blood. These parts include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The MCH value tells us the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood. This helps us understand the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. In this blog post, we will talk about why MCHC levels are important. We will also explore the health conditions that these levels can indicate. The MCH test is one of several tests used in RBC indices. These tests look at different features and roles of red blood cells. MCH is a crucial measure for seeing how well oxygen moves in the body. A change in MCH or other RBC indices might point to a blood disorder known as anemia. As you read this, you will learn about low and high MCHC blood test values. Anemia and low vitamin levels are associated with these values. We will examine the underlying causes of these issues and identify the symptoms to be aware of. We will also talk about how doctors find these problems using CBC tests. Lastly, we will explain how to prepare for this blood test. Lastly, we will talk about how to help people with unbalanced MCHC levels. You might need to change your lifestyle and use medical treatments. It is important to check your health with regular tests. When you see your blood test results, you can take steps to stay healthy. What is the MCH blood test? The MCH blood test stands for mean corpuscular hemoglobin. This test looks at the average amount of hemoglobin in your red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein in those cells. Its main job is to carry oxygen around your body. You can often see the MCH value in a complete blood count (CBC). This value can help find some health issues, such as anemia and other blood problems. A low MCH value might mean you have iron deficiency anemia. A high MCH value might show you don't have enough vitamin B12 or folate. Keep in mind that the MCH value is just one part of your health. A healthcare professional should look at it along with other tests and symptoms. If you're worried about MCH or your health, see a doctor. A normal range for MCH levels is 32 to 36 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 320 to 360 grams per liter (g/L). This shows that there are around 26 to 33 picograms (pg) of hemoglobin in each red blood cell (RBC). Hemoglobin is a kind of protein. Its main job is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body. After delivering the oxygen, hemoglobin takes carbon dioxide back to the lungs. MCH levels tell us how much hemoglobin is in each red blood cell. These levels are measured in picograms (pg) for each red blood cell. The MCH number is very important. It helps doctors identify different types of anemia. Anemia happens when there are fewer red blood cells or not enough hemoglobin. If the MCH level is high, it may show that a person has macrocytic anemia. This means the red blood cells are larger than usual. A low amount of folic acid or vitamin B12 can cause this issue. If the MCH level is low, it might mean you have microcytic anemia. This condition occurs when the red blood cells in your body are smaller than normal. Long-term health issues or iron deficiency anemia are typically the causes. MCH does not usually work alone to find these problems. It is one of several tests. These tests include MCV, which means mean corpuscular volume, and MCHC, which means mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. When we combine these tests, they give us a clearer picture of the health of your red blood cells. Components of CBC Panel A CBC panel includes several tests. These tests give information about your blood, such as: The hemoglobin level tells you how much of this important protein is in your blood. Hematocrit tells you how much of your blood is made up of red blood cells. It looks at the amount of red blood cells compared to the total plasma in your blood. The red blood cell count (RBC) shows how many red blood cells are in your blood. These red blood cells are important. They carry oxygen throughout your body. MCHC tells us the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It is shown as a concentration value. Importance of Hemoglobin Red blood cells have hemoglobin in them. Hemoglobin takes in oxygen and sends it to the body's tissues. It also helps get rid of carbon dioxide, which our bodies produce as waste. Keeping the level of hemoglobin just right is very important. This ensures that our bodies receive enough oxygen and can remove waste properly. If we have too much or too little hemoglobin, it can lead to health problems. These issues can range from minor ones, such as fatigue, to more serious ones, such as organ damage due to low oxygen levels. Hemoglobin is what gives red blood cells their red color. That is why it's important to check it during a CBC panel. Understanding the MCHC blood test is key for a complete CBC panel. This test gives us information about hemoglobin. It helps us see low levels, which can suggest anemia. Low MCH levels might mean iron deficiency anemia or normochromic anemia. Low MCH levels can be caused by various factors. Not getting enough iron could lead to this. A genetic disorder called thalassemia can also cause low levels. Low MCH may indicate a health issue that needs more tests or treatment, such as aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a common type of anemia that occurs when there isn't enough iron to make hemoglobin. Abnormal MCH levels can be a concern, but they are not always serious. However, they do need attention. You should treat problems with MCH levels, such as anemia, thyroid issues, or not getting enough nutrients, to maintain your health. There are several types of anemia that can lower MCH levels. One type is microcytic anemia. This occurs when blood cells are too small to carry enough hemoglobin. It can happen because of a poor diet or missing key nutrients. Also, losing blood suddenly can decrease MCH levels. An MCV blood test means mean corpuscular volume. It measures the average size of red blood cells in your blood. This test is part of a complete blood count, also known as CBC. Doctors use this test to find health issues. These issues can include anemia, vitamin deficiencies, liver disease, and some bone marrow disorders. Other tests, like mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), give more details about red blood cells. This information helps to understand other blood tests better. When someone's MCV blood test results are high, it may mean they have macrocytic anemia or a vitamin B12 problem. A low MCV level might show microcytic anemia or iron deficiency. Checking MCV levels can give important clues about a person's health. This information helps doctors pick the right treatment. It's important to speak with a doctor to understand your MCV blood test results. They can help you decide what to do next, like getting more tests for iron deficiency or other health problems. MCHC Low Values and Anemia Low MCHC values can mean a person has anemia. Anemia is when the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells. These cells are very important because they carry oxygen to your body's tissues. There are several reasons why MCHC levels may be low. A common cause is iron deficiency. Some genetic conditions, like thalassemia, can also result in low MCHC levels. Causes of Low MCHC Values Iron Deficiency: Iron is key for making hemoglobin. If you do not get enough iron or your body struggles to absorb it, your hemoglobin levels may drop. This can result in anemia. Thalassemia: This is a blood disorder that is passed down from parents. It changes how the body makes normal hemoglobin. This can lead to unusual red blood cells, causing anemia. Blood Loss: A large loss of blood from an injury or surgery can lower the count of red blood cells. A drop in red blood cells can affect MCHC values. Hemolytic Anemia: This type of anemia happens when the body breaks down red blood cells faster than it produces them. Autoimmune diseases or other problems can cause this. Symptoms Associated with Low MCHC Blood Test Results Low MCHC values can lead to several symptoms. You might feel weak, tired, or dizzy. Some people also have difficulty breathing. These feelings happen when your body doesn't get enough oxygen from your blood. Other signs to watch for include pale skin, cold hands and feet, and heavy or unusual menstrual bleeding. If you feel any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor. They may tell you that you have anemia. Knowing the symptoms of anemia can help you spot and manage health issues. To understand why your MCHC levels are low, you might need to take more tests. You can look online for lab panels that are cheap. A complete iron panel shows how much iron you have in your body. This helps you understand your low MCHC values more clearly. With this information, you can select the best way to stay healthy. High MCHC Values and Vitamin Deficiencies Some vitamin shortages, like low vitamin B-12 and folate, can lead to high MCHC blood test levels in a blood test. This can make the count of red blood cells appear to have low MCH levels. Regular tests can help find these problems early. This helps prevent issues with how red blood cells carry oxygen. High MCH levels might also point to macrocytic anemia. This means the red blood cells are larger than normal and have more hemoglobin. A few factors can cause this. These include not getting enough vitamin B-12, low folate, liver disease, and alcoholism. Sometimes, high cholesterol can also make high MCHC levels look high. Causes of High MCHC Values Vitamin B-12 deficiency: Vitamin B-12 is important for making healthy red blood cells. If you do not get enough B-12, your red blood cells can become larger and hold more hemoglobin. This may cause high MCHC levels. Common reasons for this deficiency include a lack of B-12 in your diet, digestion problems, or pernicious anemia. Folate deficiency: Folate is necessary to create red blood cells the right way. A shortage of folate can also result in larger red blood cells with more hemoglobin. This can also raise MCHC levels. A poor diet or troubles with absorption can lead to low folate levels. Liver disease: Issues like liver disease, including cirrhosis or hepatitis, can raise MCHC levels. These liver conditions affect how the body produces healthy red blood cells. Symptoms Associated with High MCH Blood Test Levels If your mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) is high because of low vitamins or other health issues, you might notice several symptoms, such as: Feeling very tired and weak Trouble breathing Dizziness or light-headedness Skin looks pale. Heart is beating quickly. To stay healthy, it's a good idea to check your MCHC levels often. If you notice pale skin and a fast heartbeat, it might mean your MCHC levels are high, and you could need more vitamins. If you experience these signs, you should go to a doctor. They can do more tests and recommend a treatment. You can visit websites like DiscountedLabs.com. They have affordable lab tests in many cities across the U.S. You do not need to see a doctor before getting tested. It is important to stay active regarding your health. Checking the levels of important things in your body can help prevent serious issues from low oxygen in your red blood cells. This form allows patients to ask questions about their lab tests. High MCHC values could mean that your body is missing some vitamins. It's essential to pay attention to any symptoms you may feel. A CBC test can help identify any issues. This test will give you a clearer picture of your health. Treatment Options for MCHC Low and High Levels Fixing problems with MCHC levels is important for your health. It ensures that your red blood cells can carry enough oxygen. How you treat this issue depends on whether your MCHC levels are too high or too low. A simple way to improve this is by changing your lifestyle and taking supplements. Sometimes, you may need to see a doctor for help with your MCHC levels. Lifestyle Changes for Maintaining Healthy MCHC Levels Changing what you eat can help you maintain healthy MCHC levels. It is important to choose foods high in iron, vitamin B-12, and folate. These nutrients help your red blood cells stay strong. Here are some good examples of these healthy foods: Iron: You can find it in things like lean meat, chicken, fish, beans, lentils, and tofu. Vitamin B-12: You will find it in eggs, milk, cheese, and cereals that have added nutrients. Folate: You can get it from dark green vegetables, like spinach and kale, as well as from citrus fruits, such as oranges. Regular exercise can make blood flow better. It also helps your body make new red blood cells. Medical Interventions for Extreme MCH Blood Test Imbalances If changing your lifestyle does not fix low MCHC levels, there might be a health issue that needs attention. In some cases, blood transfusions can be helpful. A blood transfusion gives you healthy red blood cells from a donor. This process helps raise the oxygen level that your red blood cells can carry. For people with genetic issues like thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, better treatments are very important. One choice is iron chelation therapy. This therapy helps take extra iron out of the body. There are also gene-editing therapies. These treatments try to fix the genetic problems that cause these diseases. If you think your MCHC levels are not normal, it's smart to talk to a healthcare worker. They can give you advice that is right for you and your health history. It is important to know the treatment options for high MCHC levels. If you feel you need help, you should talk to a doctor. Regular health check-ups can help you keep track of your MCHC levels. Testing often can catch any problems early, before they become serious. Frequently Asked Questions: MCHC Blood Test What level of MCHC is concerning? The lab shows the reference range for normal MCHC blood test levels. Usually, if your MCHC level is under 31 g/dL or over 37 g/dL, it is seen as unusual. This might mean you need more tests. It's a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional. They can help you understand your results better. Should I be worried if I have a low MCHC value? Low MCHC levels can show that you may have anemia. This is often the case with a type called hypochromic microcytic anemia. While this can be worrying, it's important to find the underlying cause. You need to have more tests and speak to a healthcare provider. The treatment you need will depend on the cause of the issue. It might involve changing your diet or receiving medical care. What affects the MCH blood test? Your MCHC levels can change for several reasons. Not having enough iron, vitamin B12, or folate can lower these levels. Chronic diseases, like kidney disease or cancer, can affect them too. Genetic conditions such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia are significant factors as well. Medications that change how red blood cells are made or broken down, including some chemotherapy drugs, play a role. Also, what you eat and how you exercise can impact your MCHC levels. Conclusion The MCHC test does not directly diagnose anemia or vitamin deficiencies. It's more helpful when done alongside other tests, like the CBC. This combination can help identify and address health problems. Regular testing is good for keeping track of your health. It can help detect changes before they turn into serious issues. Knowing your MCHC levels is important for your well-being, so make sure to get tested regularly. Take care of your health using discountedlabs.com. You can get a low-cost MCHC blood test today. You don't need to visit a doctor for it. You can also purchase a CBC test right now. Sources:  [1] MCHC Blood Test: What It Is, Purpose, and Normal Range [2] What Does a Low or High MCHC Mean in a Blood Test? [3] MCHC Test: Meaning, Procedure, and Results [4] MCHC Blood Test: What High and Low Levels Mean [5] Low MCHC: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

High hematocrit levels, which measure the percentage of red blood cells in the blood, can be signs of several underlying health conditions and they are also a common side effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). High hematocrit levels can increase the risk of developing blood clots, strokes, and other serious complications, especially for those with an underlying condition. Low red blood cell levels, also known as low hematocrit levels, can indicate conditions such as anemia, while high red blood cell levels often signal dehydration and could indicate other conditions, such as polycythemia, increasing a person’s chance of developing blood clots or experiencing blood loss. We will review the different ways to lower the hematocrit and the number of red blood cells on TRT. How to Lower the High Hematocrit Caused by Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is one of the most effective ways to combat low testosterone levels, but it's vital that you understand the risks associated with the treatment. As with any form of hormone replacement therapy, there are a few downsides to receiving regular injections of testosterone. One of the main TRT side effects is increased hematocrit, also known as erythrocytosis, which can be a sign of androgen deficiency. This article will explain why this happens, the potential long-term health consequences, and how to prevent or manage this issue. Since abnormally high hematocrit values can pose serious health problems, this article will analyze the correlation between testosterone therapy and high hematocrit. TRT, sleep apnea, smoking, and red blood cell production are contributing factors that can cause high hematocrit that can increase cardiovascular risks if not properly managed. This article explains the basics of how to manage high hematocrit while using testosterone therapy. What is hematocrit? There are several standard ways to measure red blood cells: hematocrit, hemoglobin, and RBC (red blood cell count). All of these are related, and doctors will usually look at two or more. Hematocrit, also referred to as the proportion of red blood cells, is a measurement of how much of a person's blood is made up of red blood cells, also known as whole blood. Hemoglobin, on the other hand, is a density or concentration measurement and is expressed in grams per liter or deciliter. (Hemoglobin is, if you will recall from your high school biology, the iron-based protein that transports oxygen.) RBC is a simple count and is usually expressed as the number of million red blood cells that you have per microliter. Usually, hematocrit is three times the amount of hemoglobin and can be measured through a simple blood sample test. What are the normal ranges for hematocrit?  Normal levels of hematocrit for men range from 41% to 50%. normal level for women is 36% to 48%. Why does TRT increase hematocrit? Erythrocytosis is a medical condition that appears when the body makes too many red blood cells. RBCs are responsible for transporting oxygen to organs and tissues. When there are too many, the blood can become too thick and cause cardiovascular complications. There are two types of erythrocytosis: primary and secondary. Problems with the bone marrow, such as bone marrow disease, are typically the cause of primary erythrocytosis. RBCs are made in the bone marrow, and something might trigger an increase in their production. Certain diseases or medications, such as testosterone replacement therapy, can cause secondary erythrocytosis. Some studies concluded that testosterone reduces hepcidin (a hepatic hormone), which is related to iron absorption pathways. When hepcidin is reduced, erythrocytosis is increased [1] An increase in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) is indicative of this medical condition. When the Hb is higher than 18.5 g/dL and the Hct is higher than 52% in men, the patient suffers from erythrocytosis.   What are the risks of high hematocrit? One of the primary risks of testosterone that you need to be aware of is called polycythemia or erythrocytosis. This is a condition where your body produces too many red blood cells, also known as high hematocrit levels or secondary polycythemia. Hematocrit refers to the percent of red blood cell content in your blood, also known as Hct levels. If your hemocrit levels rise, your blood will become too thick or viscous. This can, in turn, make it more likely that you will develop strokes, heart attacks, and clotting events. Polycythemia is serious and potentially life-threatening if untreated. Since the RBC count is too high in people with erythrocytosis, the blood viscosity also increases, which can lead to various potentially life-threatening medical issues such as venous thromboembolism. This essentially means that tiny blood clots separate from their original source and travel through veins and capillaries, causing blockages that result in stroke, myocardial infarction, or other complications related to reduced blood flow and blood volume. Individuals with high hematocrit levels may also be at risk for conditions such as polycythemia vera, a bone marrow disease that causes an abnormal increase in red blood cells and can lead to symptoms of polycythemia vera such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Other potential risks include congenital heart disease, exposure to high altitudes, and reactions to blood transfusions. It can be quite stressful for a man who has finally gotten on TRT, feels better, and then finds out that his hemoglobin is high. Of course, he can always lower his testosterone dosage to try to solve the problem, but this may not be a solution that either doctor or patient wants to pursue. Many men have found that their erectile dysfunction is greatly helped and/or morning erections and libido have returned. The last thing they want to do is lower their dose. So why even worry about a high hemoglobin or RBC count? What’s a few extra red blood cells anyway? Unfortunately, high hemoglobin (or RBCs) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, i.e., the standard kind of stroke where there is a loss of blood supply to tissues such that permanent damage is usually incurred. [2] Of course, a stroke can be a life-changing (or life-ending) event and should be avoided at all costs. There is also a longer-term risk: elevated hemoglobin could lead to unhealthy iron store levels, which are associated with heart disease and dementia. Iron in tissues can lead to oxidative damage. Just look at what some recent studies have concluded: “Low and high hemoglobin concentrations in older persons are associated with a lower level of cognitive function in old age, particularly in semantic memory and perceptual speed.” [3] “In older persons without dementia, both lower and higher hemoglobin levels are associated with an increased hazard for developing AD [Alzheimer’s Disease] and more rapid cognitive decline.” [4] Can hematocrit stabilize in men on TRT? Hematocrit may stabilize after long-term testosterone replacement. Although there is only one study done in mice, it may explain why hematocrit may eventually decrease and stabilize in men on TRT. There seems to be an adaptive mechanism that makes red blood cell indices change while hematocrit stabilizes. In some men, red blood cell indices (MCV and MCHC) start changing after starting TRT as a way for the body to compensate for the extra production of red blood cells. There are three red blood cell indices: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). They are measured by a machine, and their values come from other measurements on a CBC panel. The MCV shows the size of the red blood cells. The MCH value is the amount of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. The MCHC measures the concentration of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. [5] Another study that followed frequent blood donors found a reduction in ferritin in them, created as a way for the body to increase iron absorption in the presence of lower hematocrit. Ferritin and hematocrit stabilized after five donations.[6] How to Lower High Hematocrit on TRT Some physicians and TRT guidelines believe that the best way to lower hematocrit is to stop TRT. But stopping TRT can have negative consequences in the quality of life, as men who do so tend to stay hypogonadal for months, and most do not return to “normal levels.”. Fortunately, there are several ways to decrease high hematocrit and also potentially prevent it from happening. Give Blood. This is a time-proven technique for men on testosterone therapy to lower their hemoglobin levels. And you are helping out someone else while you’re doing it! Every unit of blood donated can decrease hematocrit by 3 points, which is equivalent to one pint of blood. However, be careful not to donate more frequently than every 2.5 months, as the Red Cross advises, to prevent losing too much iron and ferritin, which can cause fatigue in men using testosterone therapy. You can check your iron and ferritin levels with this iron blood test. It's recommended that you donate when you are in the 51–52 hematocrit range. However, some organizations (like the Red Cross) will reject blood with a hematocrit higher than 53%, so it is good to avoid that high hematocrit level if you want to donate blood. Men who are rejected from blood donations because of high hematocrit can still give blood if their physicians call in an order for a therapeutic phlebotomy at the local blood center.   Lower Your TRT Dose. If you have high hemoglobin or hematocrit from testosterone therapy, then your doctor may require you to lower your dose. This is not always a bad thing, as some men are actually taking more testosterone than they actually need, which can lead to side effects in both the long and short term.   Drink Water. It is important to remember that hemoglobin is very dependent on your hydration levels. If you were dehydrated when you had your blood drawn, this could have made things worse. If you think you were dehydrated, discuss a retest with your doctor.   Treat Thyroid Issues. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) can lower your RBC counts, and hyperthyroidism (high thyroid function) can raise them, too. If you haven’t checked your thyroid function lately, this might be wise. And don’t forget to get a full thyroid panel, including thyroid antibodies, if you can afford it. [10]   Consider transdermal (topical) or oral testosterone. One research summary stated that topical testosterone creams or gels increase hematocrit, in general, less than intramuscular testosterone injections: “Intramuscular testosterone is the only form that significantly increases hematocrit above normal levels. However, it does so strongly, with up to a 6% change from baseline. The runner-up is testosterone gel, with an average increase of 2.5% over baseline levels.” [7]. Therefore, if you are on intramuscular injections and struggling with high hematocrit or hemoglobin, going on topicals may help a little. Discuss with your physician. NOTE: A cheap alternative is Compounded Testosterone Creams and Gels. Another emerging option is oral testosterone products.   Switch from intramuscular injections to lower-dose subcutaneous Subcutaneous Testosterone Injections. Two hundred thirty-two men took part in a University of California study. Baseline levels were recorded for all men in each of the four measurement areas and then again at 6–12 weeks post-treatment. The results showed that men who underwent subcutaneous testosterone (SubQ) injections had a 14% greater increase in total testosterone levels compared to the testosterone levels of intramuscular testosterone injection (IM) patients. SubQ patients also had a 41% lower hematocrit post-therapy than IM patients and 26.5% lower estradiol levels. For both groups of men, there were no elevated levels of PSA. [7]   Avoid or Reduce the Consumption of Red Meats. It is interesting because one of the criticisms that meat eaters level against vegetarians is that plant foods have many “anti-nutrients” that can slow down or bind with minerals such as iron. For example, organizations like Weston Price love to castigate vegetarians for their phytic acid consumption. Phytic acid is present in plant foods and binds to iron, magnesium, phosphorous, and calcium. It can, if overconsumed, lead to mineral deficiencies. However, Dr. Bernard points out that usually, it is likely very health-protective for most people because these minerals, as in the case of zinc and iron, are neurotoxic at even relatively low levels of tissue accumulation. Research has also shown that too much iron also contributes to heart disease, and there may be a link to colon cancer as well. [8]So, avoiding red meats, which are high in iron, stands a good chance of lowering your hemoglobin scores and protecting your long-term health unless some other preventative action is taken (such as giving blood). Actual dietary studies are required to support this statement. As a verification, one study of vegetarians and non-vegetarians found that females had significantly lower hemoglobin levels. Males had lower levels, but it may not have been statistically significant. [8] However, another study was more definitive and concluded: “It was found that hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, serum ferritin, and serum vitamin B12 in vegetarians were significantly lower than control subjects.” [11] Ferritin is a key measure, by the way, because it indicates that tissue levels of iron are lower and thus will likely cause less permanent damage. (This study did show that some vegetarians were iron deficient, as should be noted.)   Fix Sleep Apnea. Sleep apnea can cause depleted oxygen saturation values that can enhance the body's ability to produce more red blood cells and hemoglobin as a way to compensate for the low blood levels of oxygen during the sleep cycle. And, sure enough, there are studies that confirm this as well. [12] So, if your hematocrit, hemoglobin, or RBCs are running high, think about getting tested for sleep apnea. A recent study commented that “one possible explanation is that repeated episodes of nocturnal hypoxia (low oxygen condition) lead to a hypercoagulable state that predisposes patients to thrombotic (blood clotting) events. There is evidence supporting a wide array of hematological changes that affect hemostasis (e.g., increased hematocrit, blood viscosity, platelet activation, clotting factors, and decreased fibrinolytic activity).”   Reduce Inflammation. Hepcidin, the iron absorption-modulating hormone, can be decreased even further by inflammation. Checking for infections, CRP levels, etc., and then treating the underlying cause may help. [13]   Consider Curcumin (Turmeric). Turmeric or curcumin, is increasingly studied as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. It binds to ferric iron in the gut and causes iron deficiency in mice. A case history reported a possible case of iron deficiency anemia in a human taking turmeric. [14]    Stop Smoking. Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood and makes the body produce more red blood cells and hemoglobin to compensate for that lower oxygen saturation.[14]    Treat High Blood Pressure with Losartan. If you have high blood pressure, consider taking Losartan.[15] Losartan can be safely and effectively used to normalize hematocrit in patients with COPD and erythrocytosis, an effect that could obviate the need for therapeutic phlebotomy.    Consider Grapefruit. Grapefruit extract (narigin) may decrease hematocrit [16]. There was no significant difference between ingesting 1/2 or 1 grapefruit per day, but a decrease in hematocrit due to ingestion of grapefruit was statistically significant at the p less than 0.01 level. However, discuss with your physician the fact that grapefruit can increase the blood levels of medications. The most important message of this article is that monitoring hematocrit every few months is a smart way to minimize cardiovascular risks associated with high hematocrit. You can buy your hematocrit and related tests on DiscountedLabs.com at affordable prices. Hematocrit is included in the CBC and other panels on Discounted Labs: Get Your Hematocrit Test Now Testosterone, Hematocrit, Ultrasensitive Estradiol and Prolactin Panel Hematocrit + Total and Free Testosterone References The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 95, Issue 10, 1 October 2010, Pages 4743–4747 Eur Neurol, 1996, 36(2):85-8. Neuroepidemiology, 2008 December, 32(1): 40 46, “ Relation of Hemoglobin to Level of Cognitive Function in Older Persons” Neurology, 2011 Jul 19, 77(3):219-26, “Hemoglobin level in older persons and incident Alzheimer disease: prospective cohort analysis. Endocrinology. 2015 May; 156(5): 1623–1629. TRANSFUSION 2008; 48: 2197-2204. Comparison of Outcomes for Hypogonadal Men Treated with Intramuscular Testosterone Cypionate versus Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate SIU Academy. Choi E. 10/10/20; 309864; BSP-06.01  International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Vol. 2 (3) 2006: pp. 174–177, “Comparative study of the hemoglobin concentration of vegetarian and non-vegetarian subjects in Ogun state, Nigeria” World J Gastroenterol, 2006 September 21, 12(35): 5644-5650, “Hemoglobin induces colon cancer cell proliferation by release of reactive oxygen species” Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol, 2013; 3(2):73-77, “Effect of Thyroid Dysfunctions on Blood Cell Count and Red Blood Cell Indices” J Med Assoc Thai, 1999 Mar, 82(3):304-11, “Hematological parameters, ferritin and vitamin B12 in vegetarians” Can Respir J. 2011 Nov-Dec; 18(6): 338-348, “Coagulability in obstructive sleep apnea” Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(3):444-451

An MCV blood test is very important for checking your health. This test looks at the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), which tells us the size of your red blood cells. In this blog, we will explore why MCV testing matters. We will talk about its role in a complete blood count (CBC) and how it can help find different health issues, such as blood disorders. If you want to get an MCV blood test or any other blood test, think about using an online blood testing service like DiscountedLabs.com We will talk about who may need an MCV blood test. This includes people with certain symptoms or medical conditions that need regular checks. We will also look at high and low MCV results and what causes them. Finally, we will discuss ways to bring abnormal levels back to normal, like changing your diet or getting medical help. Interpreting MCV test results can be tricky. Many factors can affect how accurate they are. That's why it’s important to talk to a healthcare professional about your results. In closing our talk about MCV blood tests, we want to show you discountedlabs.com. It’s an easy and budget-friendly way to get lab tests online. When looking at your MCV test results, remember to compare your MCV to the reference ranges from the lab. These ranges come from a large group of healthy people and relate to the lab's equipment and methods used for the test. Understanding the MCV Blood Test The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) blood tests are important. They measure the average size of red blood cells and look for signs of anemia, such as the red cell distribution width (RDW). These tests are part of a complete blood count (CBC), which is a common lab test done by health professionals. The MCV test and other red blood cell (RBC) indices are key parts of regular blood tests. They can help diagnose different types of anemia and give useful information about your overall health. This includes spotting a lot of unusually large or small red blood cells that might suggest some health issues. Importance of Measuring Red Blood Cell Size Measuring the size of red blood cells helps doctors find problems with how oxygen moves in the body. If the cells are larger or smaller than normal, they may not work well. This can lead to feelings of tiredness, low energy, and shortness of breath. These symptoms indicate a potential issue with the distribution of oxygen throughout the body. Inclusion in the CBC Panel In addition to measuring MCV levels, the CBC panel includes several other key markers. These include hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit percentage, white blood cell count (WBC differential), and platelet count. Together, these tests give a detailed view of your overall health. The MCV exam is important for checking the size of red blood cells. It can help doctors understand a person's health better. Knowing who should take the MCV test and the reasons for it helps healthcare professionals provide better care for their patients. Who Needs an MCV Blood Test? A doctor may ask for an MCV test during a complete blood count (CBC) if they think a person has iron deficiency anemia. They may do this if the person shows signs of anemia. These signs include feeling tired, weak, having trouble breathing, or having pale skin. The MCV test can also help check for specific health problems. This includes finding the cause of anemia, the risk of heart disease, and the outlook for some types of cancer and long-term kidney diseases. Symptoms Indicating Potential Need for Testing Fatigue Weakness Shortness of breath Pale skin   Medical Conditions Requiring Regular Monitoring The MCV blood test is helpful in tracking the progress of different health problems, like: Cancers can affect red blood cell size and have important meanings for patient outcomes. People with chronic kidney disease need regular check-ups and tests to monitor their health. MCV testing is important for finding several health problems. It can help us understand a person's health better. To properly understand the meaning of MCV test results, we need to tell the difference between high and low readings. High vs Low MCV Results Abnormal levels of MCV, whether higher or lower than normal, might mean there are different problems affecting how red blood cells are made. It is important to know what causes these unusual results and how they could impact your health. Causes behind high MCV levels High MCV levels can show that someone has macrocytic anemia. This can happen because of several issues. These include liver disease, hemolytic anemia, or a lack of vitamin B12. MCV can also go up due to alcohol misuse, hypothyroidism, or some medicines, like antiretrovirals for HIV. Factors leading to low MCV values Low MCV results indicate microcytic anemias. This usually happens because of iron deficiencies or thalassemia. These problems cause the red blood cells to be smaller than normal. This happens due to not making enough hemoglobin. As a result, you might have less hemoglobin than usual. Other reasons for low MCV can include lead poisoning and chronic inflammation. Paying attention to your test results can help you understand what to do next. This way, you can address any issues with the help of your healthcare professional. High and low MCV results can happen for many reasons. The good news is that there are several ways to manage them. We can look at dietary changes and medical treatments to help adjust these levels. Normalizing Your High MCV or MCV Blood Test Low Levels Based on why your levels are abnormal, different treatments may be suggested to bring them back to normal. For example, if you have macrocytic anemia caused by a lack of vitamin B12, you might need to take vitamin B12 supplements. On the other hand, if you have microcytic anemia from iron deficiency, you may need to change your diet or take iron supplements. Addressing Nutritional Deficiencies through Diet and Supplementation Vitamin B12: Add foods that have vitamin B12, like fish, chicken, eggs, dairy, and fortified cereals, to your meals. If you can't get enough from food, think about taking a daily supplement. Iron: Eat more iron-rich foods, such as red meat, beans, lentils, and spinach. You can also find over-the-counter iron supplements if you need extra help.   Medical Interventions for More Severe Cases In some situations, when nutritional shortages are serious or health issues, like chronic kidney disease, keep affecting MCV levels even after making lifestyle changes, it is important to talk to a healthcare professional. They can suggest a treatment plan that fits your specific needs. You can normalize your high or low MCV levels by changing your diet and taking supplements. For more serious cases, medical help may be needed. When you read your MCV test results, you should think about several factors to get them right. It is important to talk about your results with a healthcare professional. Interpreting MCV Test Results It's important to remember that specific conditions, like recent blood transfusions or cases of mixed anemias, can impact MCV results. Because of this, healthcare providers should consider each patient's history when interpreting their test results accurately. You should talk to your doctor to better understand what your results mean for you. Factors Affecting Accurate Interpretation Blood transfusions: A recent blood transfusion can change the size of red blood cells. This change can affect MCV values for a short time. Mixed anemias: Having more than one type of anemia can make it harder to read MCV levels correctly. Patient history: Some medicines, health conditions, and lifestyle choices can affect red blood cell production. This can also change MCV readings.   Importance of Discussing Results with a Healthcare Professional It is important to talk with your healthcare provider about your examination results. This helps you understand what the results mean for you. Your doctor will look at everything needed to make good choices about your test results. Keep in mind that trying to diagnose or treat yourself without the right help can be dangerous for your health. Always check with a healthcare provider first before doing anything based on your test results. Interpreting MCV test results can be tricky. It takes time and attention to understand the details. With good resources and help from a healthcare professional, you can learn about your health. Now, let’s talk about "Affordable Access to MCV Testing at DiscountedLabs.com." This website offers a simple and cheap way for people to get testing services online. Steps Before, During, and After an MCV Test Getting ready for your MCV blood test is easy and doesn’t take much effort. Before your appointment, talk to your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you take. Some of these can affect your test results. You probably won’t need to fast before the test, but be sure to follow any specific instructions from your healthcare provider. During the MCV test, a trained expert will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm using a test tube. This process is quick. Some people might feel a small pinch or a bit of discomfort, but most find it easy to handle. After the blood draw, you might have a short wait as your sample is processed. It usually takes a few minutes up to a few days for the results to be ready, depending on the lab. After your MCV test, watch for any side effects. These can include small bruises or feeling a bit lightheaded. If you notice anything strange or feel worried about your results, talk to your healthcare provider. They can help explain your MCV results based on your health and suggest what to do next. Preparing for the MCV Test To get ready for the MCV blood test, make sure you drink enough water. Being well-hydrated can help the healthcare worker find your veins more easily. You usually don't need to fast for the MCV test. However, it’s a good idea to check with your doctor. They may have special advice based on your health history. During the blood draw, a healthcare worker will clean the area. They will use a tourniquet to help see your veins better. A needle is then placed into your vein to collect a blood sample into a test tube. Most people say it feels like a quick pinch. Some may feel a bit uncomfortable, but this feeling usually lasts only a moment. Once the blood sample is taken, the needle will be taken out. A bandage will be put on the spot where the needle was. It is best to keep the bandage on for at least one hour to stop any bleeding. If you feel dizzy after the process, tell your healthcare provider. They might ask you to sit for a bit before you leave. What to Expect During the MCV Test During your MCV blood test, the process will be like other blood draws. When you get to the testing site, you will check in and wait for your turn. When it’s your turn, a healthcare worker will take you to a private area for the blood draw. They will use an antiseptic wipe to clean the area on your arm. They might also put a rubber band around your upper arm. This helps make the veins easier to see. You will feel a quick pinch and a little pain when the needle goes into your vein. Then, the blood will go into a test tube. Most people say they feel very little discomfort during this short process. After the blood draw, a bandage will be placed on your arm. You should wait for a little while before leaving to make sure you feel good and don’t have any side effects. The results from the MCV test will be processed and sent to your healthcare provider. Once they are ready, your healthcare provider will talk to you about what the results mean. Following Up After Your MCV Test After your MCV blood test, you should talk to your healthcare provider about the results. You can usually get MCV results in a few days. Your provider will look at these results along with other tests, like red blood cell counts and hemoglobin. If your MCV results are not within the normal range, your healthcare provider might suggest more tests. These tests could be extra blood tests or checks to see your nutrition, kidney health, or other health issues. Always let your healthcare provider know about any symptoms you feel. This information can help in figuring out any potential problems. By keeping in touch and understanding your test results, you can take action to manage your health and tackle any issues that come up. Affordable Access to MCV Testing at DiscountedLabs.com If you want a cheap way to get the MCV blood test with a complete blood count (CBC), check out DiscountedLabs.com. They sell detailed panels that include the CBC and MCV tests. This way, everyone can stay healthy without spending a lot of money. Benefits of Using DiscountedLabs.com for Testing Needs You do not need to visit a doctor. You can order lab tests online and get them done at a nearby place. Save money: You can save up to 80% on lab tests compared to regular labs. Privacy: Your privacy is safe. Secure online results will be available in a few days.   How to Order and Receive Test Results Online Choose the lab tests you want from a long list, which includes the CBC panel with MCV measurement. Buy your selected tests safely on their website using major credit cards. Go to one of more than 2,000 places across the country to have your sample taken (no appointment is needed). You will get your private results emailed to you within days of the sample collection. If you have any worries about unusual results or your health, talk to your healthcare provider.   Conclusion The MCV blood test checks the average size of your red blood cells. This test helps find anemia and other blood disorders. It is part of a common blood test known as the complete blood count (CBC). The CBC includes the MCV test to measure the volume of your red blood cells. It also looks at your white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cell count. If you want to order the MCV blood test and see your results online, you can easily do it through your healthcare provider or a trusted online lab testing service. This is a simple way to keep track of your general health and watch for any possible blood disorders. High MCV levels could show that you have macrocytic anemia. A common cause is a lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid, which is called pernicious anemia. On the other hand, low MCV levels might mean you have microcytic anemia. This can happen due to blood loss or a problem with your bone marrow. A higher MCV count might also indicate megaloblastic anemia related to vitamin deficiency. If your MCV results are abnormal, it's crucial to talk to your healthcare provider. They can help find the cause and the right treatment. You can use DiscountedLabs.com to get a blood test for MCV at a lower cost. This way, you can stay on top of your health. FAQs Related to the MCV Blood Test   What level of MCV is concerning? An MCV level that is too low or too high can be a cause for worry. A low MCV means you may have microcytic anemia. A high MCV indicates macrocytic anemia. It is important to talk to a healthcare professional to understand your results and get the right diagnosis. What is the significance of MCV in a blood test? The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) looks at the average size and volume of red blood cells in a blood sample. It is useful for diagnosing various types of anemia. Also, it can help track how well treatment or changes in diet are working. Should I be worried if my MCV is high? A high MCV might mean several things. It could be a sign of alcoholism, a lack of vitamin B12, or low folate levels. It can also point to other medical conditions that cause macrocytic anemia. While high MCV doesn’t always mean there is a problem, it’s a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional about your results. They can help you decide what steps to take next. Does high MCV make you tired? A high MCV can lead to feeling tired. This is because it connects to some types of anemia. Anemia can reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood. People who are anemic often feel weak and worn out. Their bodies find it hard to have enough energy. Navigating the Cost of MCV Testing When you think about getting an MCV blood test, it is important to know about the costs. The amount you pay out of your pocket can change a lot based on your insurance. A lot of health insurance plans pay for regular blood tests, like the MCV test. However, it’s a good idea to check with your provider. You should look into your plan and any copays or deductibles that might apply. DiscountedLabs.com offers a great option for people without insurance or those who want cheaper choices. You can get tests like MCV tests easily online. This service often has lower prices than regular labs, making it a good way to access the tests you need. By looking into these options, you can make smart choices about your health and testing needs. You do not have to give up quality or easy access. Also, knowing the cost of medical testing helps you focus on your health without going over your budget. Understanding the Financial Aspect of MCV Tests The cost of MCV testing can vary. It depends on where you are, who your healthcare provider is, and if you have health insurance. Usually, MCV tests are part of a complete blood count (CBC). The price for this test can be between $10 and $100, based on the facility and your insurance. For people who do not have insurance or want cheaper options, online lab services like DiscountedLabs.com offer a budget-friendly way to get MCV testing. These services can save you a lot of money—up to 80% compared to regular lab prices. This helps you take care of your health without the stress of high costs. When thinking about money for MCV tests, it's important to balance the benefits of knowing your health with the costs. If you choose cheaper testing options, you can stay aware of your health and keep an eye on your budget. Conclusion The MCV blood test is a key way to check the size of red blood cells and find possible health problems. When MCV levels are too high or too low, it can show several issues. These can include nutritional problems or serious blood disorders. A low MCV could be a sign of a blood disorder. It is very important to talk with a healthcare professional about your test results. They can help you understand any unusual results and what to do next. If you want cheap access to MCV testing and other lab tests, you can visit discountedlabs.com. They provide easy and low-cost lab tests with quick results. Take a look at their discounted panels today! Take charge of your health with discountedlabs.com. You can order an MCV blood test panel today. Get the answers you need quickly. Sources MCV Blood Test | Cleveland Clinic MCV Test | Testing.com MCV Levels | Medical News Today Does High MCV Mean Cancer? | Healthline MCV Blood Test | Health.com Research Article on Biomedical Applications Understanding RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width): MedlinePlus Guide

Analyzing a simple blood sample can give you useful information about your health. It’s a simple and fast process. It saves you money and helps stop serious diseases. You can order blood tests from trusted online sources for accurate results. A form will be sent to you. This form lets you go to a local clinic or lab to draw your blood. Then, your blood is tested, and you will get the results in just a few business days. There are many helpful blood tests you can take to check your health and look for health issues. For instance, you can know if your blood sugar level is high, how your thyroid hormones are doing, or how much protein is in your blood. A lot of these types of tests need you to fast beforehand. This is something you should be aware of before having the test. Some common tests that may need fasting include the routine physical, blood glucose test, cholesterol test (lipid panel), triglyceride level test, serum iron test, vitamin B12 test, vitamin B complex test, renal function panel, and gamma-glutamyl transferase test. Fasting for Blood Work: Why Is It Needed? People need to fast before several blood tests. This is important because some foods and drinks can change the hormones in your blood. If you do not fast, the blood test results may not be correct. This can lead to the doctor making a wrong diagnosis. If you eat something and then have a blood glucose test, your blood sugar levels could be very high. Based on your blood test results, the doctor might say that you have diabetes. The body digests food and turns it into sugar called glucose. For the cells to take in this glucose, the pancreas releases insulin. A few hours later, the insulin helps the cells absorb the sugar from the blood. Your glucose levels will readjust to normal. It is important to fast before certain blood tests. This helps the doctor find the usual hormone levels in your blood. If these levels are not normal when you are fasting, you might need treatment for your condition. What Tests Commonly Require Fasting? At this moment, you might be asking, “What blood tests require fasting?" Not every blood test needs it, but some definitely do. Here are a few blood tests that require you to fast. Not everyone needs to fast before a blood test. However, some blood tests may need you to fast. These tests usually include: 1. Blood Glucose Test This test is very common and works as mentioned earlier. It helps the doctor find out the real sugar level in the body. Patients should not eat or drink anything except water for 9 to 10 hours before taking the test. 2. Cholesterol Test Measuring cholesterol levels in the body is very important. It helps to find out different types of diseases, especially heart-related ones. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that coats the inside of blood vessels. It helps keep the blood vessels flexible. But too much cholesterol can lead to blockages in veins and arteries. A clear sign of high cholesterol levels is high blood pressure. Cholesterol has two main types: LDL and HDL. LDL cholesterol is often called the "bad" kind. High levels of LDL cholesterol can be harmful to your health. HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol. High levels of HDL are beneficial. A regular blood test can check your HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. With this information, your doctor can suggest changes, often about your diet and exercise plan. 3. Triglyceride Test Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the human body. They act differently than cholesterol. Cholesterol helps build cells and is important for making hormones. In contrast, triglycerides are used for energy when the body needs it. Each person uses calories every day. Calories from food or drinks that are not used turn into triglycerides. These are kept in fat cells. When the body needs more energy, it takes fat from these cells and changes the triglycerides back into energy. Having too many triglycerides in the body can be harmful. They can thicken the walls of your arteries. This leads to high blood pressure and heart disease. Over time, very high levels of triglycerides can cause heart attacks and other heart problems. 4. Liver Test Your liver does about 500 tasks in your body, based on some recent studies. Its main job is to clean your blood. It also helps with digestion and metabolism. Fasting is needed before a liver function blood test. This helps stop food from affecting the blood hormones. A liver test can tell if there is any liver damage like liver disease. It checks if the liver makes the right hormones in the right amounts. It also shows how many B vitamins are stored in the liver. The test can find out if a patient has any kind of hepatitis too. 5. Metabolic Panel Test A metabolic test checks various enzymes, electrolytes, and hormones in your body. It looks at substances like sodium, potassium, albumin (a protein), bilirubin, calcium, carbon dioxide, alanine transaminase, and others. Keeping a balance of certain substances in your body is important. For example, too much sodium can make your blood acidic. This condition can lead to several diseases. Likewise, not having enough calcium can cause your bones to weaken. This can make you more likely to have fractures and osteoporosis. You have to fast before a metabolic blood test. This is important because some foods have the substances that will be tested. If you eat or drink anything other than water before the test, it could change the results negatively. This might lead to a wrong diagnosis. 6. Kidneys Test The kidneys are important organs in our body. They, like the liver, help filter out toxins and remove them. The kidneys have many functions. If they are hurt, they can even take on tasks from other organs. A kidney blood test checks several important substances and hormones in the kidneys. One key part of this test is the glomerular filtration rate. This shows how well your kidneys filter out toxins. Before the test, you can only drink water. Eating or drinking anything else could overwork your kidneys. 7. Iron Blood Test All people need a small amount of iron in their blood to stay healthy and feel energetic every day. A blood test can check how much iron is stored in your body. If you do not have enough iron, you may feel very tired and could develop anemia, which is a condition that causes extreme fatigue. Iron is often in many different foods. Eating these foods before a blood test can raise your iron levels, which might give a wrong result. That’s why you need to fast for at least 8 to 10 hours before getting an iron blood test. Keep in mind that some supplements you take, like multivitamins, may have iron in different amounts. You should stop taking these vitamins and minerals for at least 1-2 days before the test. 8. Vitamin B12 Test Vitamin B12, which is also called cobalamin, helps with the metabolism of nearly all the cells in our body. You can find it in many foods and drinks. This makes it simple to get a good amount of vitamin B12 in one meal, especially if you enjoy eating vegetables and legumes. This vitamin is very important for the nervous system. People who don’t get enough vitamin B12 and other B vitamins often get illnesses that affect their nervous system. If you need to have a vitamin B12 blood test, make sure not to eat or drink anything for at least 6 to 8 hours before the test. 9. Heavy Metals Panel You can also test how many heavy metals are in your body. Some metals can harm your health if they are too high. For instance, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead are common heavy metals found in people. Some of these metals move through the blood, while others stick to bones and organs. If they are in high amounts, they can cause poisoning and, in severe cases, death. A blood test can help you find out how bad your heavy metal issue is. It can also show if you need treatment or detox. You can't eat or drink before your blood test, especially if you are taking prescription medications. This is because some foods have heavy metals. Sardines can have high levels of arsenic, no matter where they come from. Other fish and seafood can have a lot of mercury too. It is best to fast for at least 8 to 10 hours before the heavy metal blood test. 10. Hormone Tests Food can raise insulin levels in the blood. This rise can lower hormones like testosterone, IGF-1, thyroid, and more. If you are on TRT, fasting has no impact on your testosterone level, however. Fasting for Blood Work Q&A - Answering Some of Your Questions Now you know about fasting for blood work, you may still have some questions. Many people have questions about the type of test and fasting. It’s important to answer these questions. For example, what is fasting blood work? Why do you need it? How long should you fast before a blood test? This article will answer these questions and more about fasting for blood work. 1. Can I Drink Coffee, Alcohol, or Smoke During My Fasting for Blood Work? No, you can't drink coffee, even black coffee, without sugar. Coffee has enzymes that can affect your liver and your hormone levels. You should avoid drinking coffee before a blood test. Smoking is not allowed. It can harm your glucose levels and raise heavy metal levels in your body. The best choice is to quit smoking completely. This will make you feel much healthier. You should not drink any alcoholic drinks if you are concerned about liver health and liver enzymes. This is important because alcohol can raise your glucose levels and cause inflammation in your body. It is best to avoid alcohol for at least 1-2 days before a blood test. This is because the body needs time to get rid of alcohol. You should also avoid smoking when fasting for blood work. Smoking can mess with your results, especially your hemoglobin levels. 2. Can I Chew Gum or Brush My Teeth Before the Test? Chewing gum is not allowed. It affects how your body makes digestive fluids. The sweetness of the gum can also change your blood sugar level. Instead of chewing gum, you can brush your teeth, as long as you don’t swallow anything. If you swallow toothpaste, it may trigger hormones and enzymes in your body, so be careful with that. 3. Can I Exercise While I’m Fasting? Ideally, no. This is true unless you are doing very light exercises that don’t use weights. Exercising often raises the inflammation levels in your body. For instance, intense workouts like lifting weights or sprinting can increase C-reactive protein levels. This protein is a sign of inflammation. If you take an inflammation test while exercising, the results may not be correct. Vigorous exercise can raise your testosterone and human growth hormone levels for a short time. If you take a blood test after working out, the results for these hormones may be wrong. This can lead to mistakes in the doctor’s diagnosis. Additionally, working out makes you feel hungry. However, if you are fasting, you can't eat anything. Not eating after exercising can make you feel dizzy and cause other issues. It's better to avoid the gym the day before your blood test. 4. For How Long Should I Fast? As a general rule, the first thing you should do is fast for at least 8 hours of fasting before a blood test. Many doctors plan these tests for early in the morning. This way, you are asleep for most of the fasting time. Sometimes, you may need to fast for 10 or 12 hours, or even a longer period of time. Your doctor will tell you if this is necessary. You might also have to stop taking biotin supplements for 72 hours before a blood glucose test. For some tests, like a direct LDL cholesterol test, a longer fast of 14 hours may be needed. It is important to follow your doctor's advice about how long to fast before your specific blood test. 5. What If I Accidentally Ate Before a Fasting Blood Test? It is common for patients, including pregnant people, to forget they are fasting and eat or drink something by mistake. If this happens, it's not a big deal, but you should tell your healthcare provider before the test. They will think about this when looking at the blood test results. In some rare cases, you might be able to change your blood test appointment if it has been a long time since you ate or drank. Remember, liquids like fruit juice, teas, and sodas should be avoided while fasting to get good test results, which is a good idea. After the blood test, feel free to enjoy your cup of coffee or have a snack! 6. Should I Take My Meds/Vitamins During My Fast? As a basic guideline, the answer is no. This is because your medications and supplements may have ingredients that could change the hormones in your body. This means that the test results might be impacted, leading to an incorrect diagnosis. Tell your doctor about the medications and vitamins you are taking. Ask if you should stop taking these while you fast. This way, you will know what to do. 7. What are Some Tips to Make Fasting for Blood Work Easier? Fasting for blood work can be tough. Here are a few tips to help make it easier: Plan your fasting time carefully: Schedule your blood work for early morning. This way, you can get a good night's sleep and reduce the time without food. Stay hydrated: Drink a lot of water while you fast. But, avoid other drinks like coffee, tea, or juice. They could affect your blood test results. Distract yourself: Keep busy during your fasting time. This can help you think less about food. Try reading, watching movies, or taking a walk. Dress comfortably: Wear loose and comfy clothes to your blood work appointment. This will make you feel better during the test. Talk to your healthcare provider: If fasting is hard for you or you have worries about it, let your healthcare provider know. They might give you helpful advice or adapt things to fit your needs. Fasting before blood work is important. It helps make sure the test results are correct. You can follow these tips to make fasting easier. Stay positive, and you will get through it successfully. Get Your Blood Test Today! Did you know you can now buy fasting blood tests online? These are called direct-to-consumer labs. They are often affordable. You do not need to see a doctor or get a prescription. You will get your results in just a few business days. Visit DiscountedLabs.com to see the popular blood tests available. Some of these tests may need you to fast beforehand. They will help you understand your health better. References: Blood Tests - NHLBI Diabetes Testing - CDC Iron Tests - MedlinePlus Triglycerides Test - MedlinePlus Blood Glucose Test - MedlinePlus Fasting for a Blood Test - MedlinePlus Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)—MedlinePlus Effect of dehydration on blood tests  

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) and a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) are both common blood tests used to assess overall health, but they measure different components and provide distinct information. Here's a comparison of cbc vs cmp: Purpose and Components CBC Panel: Focus: Blood cell counts and characteristics Measures: Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Includes: Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels Provides: Information about blood cell production and function CMP Panel: Assesses: Metabolic and chemical balance in the body Measures: Electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes Includes: Glucose levels and kidney/liver function tests Provides: A broader overview of organ function and metabolism Specific Tests Red blood cell count White blood cell count and differential Platelet count Hemoglobin Hematocrit Red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) Glucose Calcium Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide) Proteins (albumin, total protein) Kidney function (BUN, creatinine) Liver function (ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin) Primary Uses Diagnosing blood disorders (e.g., anemia, leukemia) Detecting infections Monitoring overall health and immune system function Assessing blood loss or clotting issues Evaluating kidney and liver function Checking electrolyte and fluid balance Screening for diabetes Assessing overall metabolic health Preparation Generally no special preparation required Often requires fasting for 10-12 hours before the test, especially for accurate glucose measurement [5] Number of Tests Typically includes about 10-12 measurements Consists of 14 specific tests[5] Interpretation Abnormalities may indicate blood disorders, infections, or other health issues Results are often interpreted alongside other tests for a comprehensive health assessment Provides insights into organ function, particularly the liver and kidneys Abnormal results may suggest metabolic disorders, electrolyte imbalances, or organ dysfunction In summary, while both tests are valuable for assessing overall health, the CBC focuses on blood cell components and related disorders, while the CMP provides a broader view of metabolic function and organ health. Healthcare providers often use these tests in combination for a more comprehensive evaluation of a patient's health status. Diagnostic Focus Focuses on: Metabolic and organ function[1] Assesses: Liver and kidney health Evaluates: Electrolyte balance and blood sugar levels Provides: Insight into overall metabolism Concentrates on: Blood cell components and characteristics[2] Assesses: Bone marrow function Evaluates: Oxygen-carrying capacity of blood Provides: Information about the immune system and clotting ability Specific Diagnostic Capabilities Diabetes screening and monitoring (glucose levels) Liver function assessment (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin) Kidney function evaluation (BUN, creatinine) Electrolyte imbalances (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate) Protein levels and nutritional status (albumin, total protein) Anemia diagnosis and classification Infection detection (elevated white blood cell count) Blood disorders like leukemia or lymphoma Platelet abnormalities and clotting disorders Bone marrow function assessment Organ Systems Evaluated Primarily assesses liver, kidney, and pancreas function Provides insight into overall metabolic health Primarily evaluates the hematological system Indirectly reflects bone marrow function and immune system status Number of Components Measures 14 different substances in the blood [1] Typically includes 5-7 main components, with additional calculated values [4] Preparation and Procedure Often requires fasting for accurate glucose measurement [1] Generally does not require fasting [4] CBC vs CMP: Complementary Nature While the CMP and CBC panels differ in their focus, they are often ordered together to provide a more comprehensive picture of a patient's health. The CMP offers insight into metabolic processes and organ function, while the CBC provides crucial information about blood cell production and function. Together, they offer a broader view of overall health status and can help identify a wide range of medical conditions. In summary, the CMP panel is better suited for assessing metabolic health, liver and kidney function, and electrolyte balance, while the CBC panel excels in diagnosing blood disorders, infections, and evaluating overall blood cell health. Both tests are valuable tools in medical diagnostics, often used in conjunction to provide a more complete health assessment. Citations Complete Blood Count - Wikipedia Complete Blood Count - Mayo Clinic Complete Blood Count - Labcorp Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Wikipedia Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Cleveland Clinic How to Read Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Kidney Foundation Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - MedlinePlus Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Testing.com Complete Blood Count - Testing.com Complete Blood Count - WebMD

Table of Contents 1. Biotin Biotin Uses and Supplementation How Biotin Affects Test Results What Are the Lab Tests Which Might Be Affected by Biotin Supplementation? What Supplements Have Biotin? 2. Age 3. Urinary Tract Infection 4. Prostate Procedures 5. Bicycle Riding 6. Obesity or High Body Weight 7. Medications 8. Biological Rhythms 9. Pregnancy 10. Food and Water 11. Caffeine, Alcohol, and Tobacco 12. Exercise Get Your Health Checked Up Today!   According to the World Health Organization, chronic diseases kill millions of people each year. Diabetes alone accounted for nearly 1.6 million deaths in 2015. Deaths caused by neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia doubled since 2000, and this number is expected to grow in the upcoming years. Although these are alarming facts, you might be happy to find out that numerous diseases and injuries, particularly chronic illnesses, can be prevented. To prevent a disease, you first need to be aware of it. To be aware of it, you need to do the right thing and get your health checked periodically. Discovering a predisposition to the disease earlier on gives you a massive advantage. You’ll be able to follow special treatments and minimize its risks or eliminate them. But how to get tested for various diseases which might affect you? Well, one of the simplest and most efficient ways is by using direct-to-consumer labs. These are usually discount labs you can purchase online at affordable prices and have your general health checked in a matter of days. No doctor visit is required so that you can quickly check your blood tests and monitor your health if you are an educated patient. However, you need to keep in mind that there are many factors which can influence the results of your lab tests. In other words, these factors can reduce the accuracy of your results, and that’s why you need to follow up the doctor’s advice before drawing blood for testing. This article is going to offer you a broader understanding when it comes to factors which influence lab tests. Keep reading to learn more about your health and how you can optimize the results of your lab work investigations. 1. Biotin Biotin is also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H. This is a coenzyme the body needs for different metabolic processes. For example, the body needs biotin to optimize the metabolism of fat, carbohydrates, and protein. At the same time, biotin is also needed for the production of certain hormones. You can find biotin in fish, eggs, meat and certain vegetables such as spinach and broccoli. However, you can also take biotin supplements if needed. Adults need about 30 micrograms of biotin per day. Having more biotin in your system is not a problem, but it might affect some lab tests you make. For example, it can interfere with the results in certain blood tests, which might lead to an incorrect diagnosis of various health ailments. Biotin Uses and Supplementation As mentioned earlier, biotin is present in various pills and supplements you can buy online. For example, biotin can be used for treating alopecia, which is a health condition that makes people lose their hair. Doctors prescribe a dose of 5,000 to 10,000 micrograms of biotin per day to treat such health problems. At the same time, biotin can also be prescribed to pregnant women to support the healthy development of the baby. There are studies performed by researchers at various universities which prescribe large biotin doses to treat various problems with the nervous system. For example, multiple sclerosis might be treated with around 300,000 micrograms of biotin per day. Some people also use biotin to treat nail and skin problems since no studies are suggesting that a high amount of biotin can lead to health complications or injuries. How Biotin Affects Test Results Although supplementing with biotin can be beneficial for the body, this substance can greatly interfere with test results. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) mentioned that biotin could alter blood test results and cause incorrect diagnosis for certain health conditions. It is recommended that you stop biotin supplementation at least 72 hours before offering a blood or saliva sample. What Are the Lab Tests Which Might Be Affected by Biotin Supplementation? There are many blood tests which can be affected by excessive biotin levels in your bloodstream. Some of these tests include vitamin D tests, any tests which measure the thyroid hormones in your body as well as tests which look at the FSH and LH hormones. Troponin is another type of test commonly used to diagnose heart attacks and other problems related to the cardiovascular system. If you’re planning to do such blood tests in the future, make sure you put your biotin supplementation on hold to ensure you get accurate results. What Supplements Have Biotin? On top of getting biotin from your foods, this substance can also be taken from various vitamins or supplements available in drug stores. For example, most multivitamin pills, B-complex vitamins, and coenzyme R have high amounts of biotin in them. Similarly, supplements with vitamin H and prenatal vitamins might also contain biotin. If you’re taking some supplements for hair growth and skin improvement, chances are that you’re also getting some biotin from those. Look on the labels of the supplements you take and look for “biotin,” “vitamin B7”, “vitamin H,” or “coenzyme R” to see if your pills contain biotin. If you have been instructed to stop biotin supplementation a few days before your blood test but forgot to do so, make sure that you inform your doctor about it. Your health practitioner needs to know this is the case your results show inaccurate or confusing results. 2. Age The advancing age of a patient also significantly influences the results of a particular blood test. In most cases, people of an elderly age tend to receive a higher percentage of incorrect/inaccurate results in comparison with younger adults. That’s because certain hormones and substances in the body are interpreted differently by lab tests as their levels increase or decrease with age. To give you an accurate example, a lipid panel of an older adult is much different than the one of a young person. The levels of triglycerides, good cholesterol, and bad cholesterol tend to increase with age up to about 55-60 years in males and around 65 years in females. Some studies show that triglyceride levels continue to increase in senior females. When this happens, doctors don't use reference values based on age anymore because they are inefficient in people of elderly age. Instead, they test the risk of cardiovascular disease and formulate treatment options based on that because this method is much more efficient. At the same time, there are blood tests which measure the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men. PSA can increase in people of an elderly age as more PSA gets into the bloodstream and interferes with the test results. 3. Urinary Tract Infection Another factor that can influence the results of a PSA test consists of urinary tract infections. Various urinary tract bacteria can drastically alter the test results and lead to inaccurate diagnosis. That’s why it’s a good idea to tell your doctor if you ever had urinary tract infections so he can make a more accurate diagnosis when testing your PSA levels. 4. Prostate Procedures People who have had prostate procedures done are more likely to receive an incorrect diagnosis when doing prostate tests. For example, prostate surgery or biopsy, as well as prostatitis, can cause abnormal levels of PSA in the body. These factors can interfere with test results and cause false diagnosis. The doctor will eventually inform you when it's a good time to have a prostate test after you have had done a prostate surgery or biopsy. 5. Bicycle Riding Some studies have found that riding a bicycle can put a lot of pressure on the prostate, which can increase PSA levels. Therefore, prostate test results can come back with incorrect information, which leads to a false diagnosis. Another thing that can increase PSA levels is ejaculation since it makes more PSA leak into the bloodstream and affects the test results. 6. Obesity or High Body Weight Obesity is another health issue that affects the results of various blood tests. For example, obese men have greater BMI, and they usually have lower PSA concentrations. That's because obese men usually have a larger blood volume where PSA can get diluted. As a result, a prostate test can return false PSA results which affect the diagnosis set by the doctor. Similarly, obesity can also affect the results of rheumatoid arthritis tests. During those tests, various inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are checked to detect the level of inflammation in the body. Some studies show that obese people tend to have higher levels of ESR and CRP in their bodies, and this can interfere with the results, leading to false diagnosis. Buy a CRP Test Here Another blood test that can be affected by body weight is creatinine (used to assess kidney function). This test result may be artificially elevated in people with higher body weight or lean mass.  Cystatin C may be a better indicator of kidney function in those patients. 7. Medications Any medication that you might take before doing a blood test can significantly influence the results. Make sure that you inform your doctor about the pills you take, so he can take that into account when interpreting the results. If it is possible, you can discontinue certain medication (after you have received doctor’s approval) to make sure that your blood tests are more accurate. There are many types of medications which can influence the results of blood tests, including prostate test, inflammation tests, etc. For example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can alter the results of a blood test. Other important ones include blood pressure medication, which is known as thiazide diuretics. Some of the most common medication in this category include hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, and others. These medications tend to lower PSA levels and lead to a false diagnosis in prostate blood tests. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors also affect PSA levels. These inhibitors are represented by dutasteride and finasteride, which also decrease the PSA levels by almost 50 %. Metformin, a popular diabetes drug that is gaining anti-aging interest, can reduce B vitamin blood levels. This fact needs to be considered when testing for B-12 or other vitamins. 8. Biological Rhythms Various hormones and other substances in the body have significantly different levels at certain moments of the day. For example, you have different cortisol or testosterone levels in the morning compared with those in the evening. That’s why it’s important to do certain tests at specific moments of the day to ensure the accuracy of the test. Your doctor will usually inform you about that and tell you when it’s the best time for a blood test. Testosterone blood levels peak early in the morning, usually between 7 am, and 9 am. This time of the day is when a testosterone blood test should be done. Throughout the day, testosterone levels slowly decrease, and by evening, they are about two times lower than in the morning. The same story goes for cortisol levels as well. The levels of cortisol in your body peak early in the morning, and they gradually decline by 50%-100% until the end of the day. The time of the month or year is also very important when doing health checkups. For example, getting more vitamin D into your body relies on how much you are exposed to the sun. You can also get supplements with vitamin D if necessary, but sun exposure is one of the best and most efficient ways to get vitamin D. The levels of this vitamin in your bloodstream need to be interpreted based on the time of the year. For example, it’s normal to have the lowest levels of vitamin D during winter times since that’s when sun exposure is limited. 9. Pregnancy A pregnant woman can also have different test results in comparison with one who isn't pregnant. Pregnancy can change the amount of blood in the body, influence liver hormones, renal function, and other metabolic processes. Changes in hormone levels depend on the pregnancy stage, and they are usually compared against reference values. Physicians can give a pregnant woman more information on how to interpret these results and what they should do about them. 10. Food and Water The foods you eat and beverages you drink can influence the results of blood tests. For example, fasting, restricting calories, or being dehydrated can lead to incorrect test results and false diagnosis. To give you an example, a diet rich in protein can lead to increased uric acid levels, and this will be shown in various blood and urine tests. Similarly, a diet which is low in carbohydrates can increase the levels of ketones (ketogenic diet). If a person is a vegan or vegetarian, the levels of vitamin B12 in his/her bloodstream will be low. Some studies have shown that carbohydrates can temporarily decrease testosterone blood levels, so it is important to measure testosterone before breakfast. Fasting is needed before drawing blood for most blood testing. Patients are usually asked to fast for about 8-12 hours before doing a blood test. Fasting is important when checking lipid levels, blood sugar levels, some hormones, and substances in the body. Not fasting before a CMP test, for example, can lead to an incorrect diagnosis of diabetes type 2 since glucose can be elevated, which is a life-threatening condition if not treated properly. The Lipid Panel test (Triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol) also requires fasting.  Failure to do so may cause the triglycerides value to be higher than normal. For more information about which tests require fasting, read: Fasting Blood Tests - Everything You Need to Know Dehydration also plays a vital role when it comes to blood testing. It can increase blood test values by decreasing the water content of the blood. It can be seen as an imbalance in sodium and potassium levels and lead to false diagnosis. For example, dehydration can affect albumin levels, blood lipids, creatinine (kidney), hematocrit, and some hormones in the body. 11. Caffeine, Alcohol, and Tobacco Drinking a lot of caffeine from coffee or green tea can also affect some blood test results. Although more studies are necessary when it comes to caffeine, there is a chance that this substance can alter blood glucose levels and temporarily increase them. Caffeine usually passes through the body in around 5 hours, so its effects are less significant in comparison with other substances. Caffeine can also affect hydration, a factor mentioned above. Last but not least, caffeine can increase blood pressure in some people. The lab technician may be alarmed about your blood pressure before drawing your blood. Alcohol, on the other hand, has a more significant effect on blood tests, depending on how much is consumed and when. For example, this substance might lower serum glucose levels in people of all ages and increase plasma lactate. These changes can happen, especially if alcohol is consumed 2 or 4 hours before drawing blood for testing. At the same time, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to other problems such as elevated triglyceride levels, elevated creatine kinase levels, elevated liver enzymes, and increased uric acid. As a result, blood tests can be affected, and the doctor could subsequently give a false diagnosis. Frequent alcohol consumption can also lead to mineral and vitamin deficiencies, particularly decreasing the B-complex vitamins. This potential B vitamin deficiency is a concerning problem in chronic alcohol abusers since the vitamins in the B complex are responsible for the proper functioning of the brain and nervous system. Patients are asked to cease alcohol consumption at least 24-48 hours before drawing blood for testing. This period should give the body enough time to process the alcohol consumed and prevent blood test levels from being affected. However, liver enzymes and triglycerides may not return to baseline in that short period. Another substance of concern is tobacco, which can also have a profound influence on blood test results. Those who smoke cigarettes have higher levels of nicotine in their bodies. As you probably know, nicotine is a drug which can increase cortisol levels and elevate concentrations of fatty acids in the blood. It may also increase hematocrit (red blood cell proportion, part of the CBC panel) since the body tries to produce more red blood cells to compensate for the lower oxygen level it is getting due to smoke in your lungs. As a result, blood tests can come up with confusing results. Whether cigarette smoking is acute or chronic, it’s detrimental for one’s health, and it can mess up with lab investigations. Cigarettes also contain thousands of toxins and chemicals which are harmful to the body, including arsenic and cadmium. These can increase the biomarkers of inflammation in the blood and show up in blood tests. 12. Exercise Physical exercise is one of the most important factors that influence blood test results. Whether you do resistance training, HIIT, yoga, or go for a bicycle ride, this activity could influence some of your blood tests. For example, after an intense session of exercise, the levels of creatine kinase (CK) in the body are increased. CK can remain elevated for up to a week, and this will be picked up on blood tests. Different types of exercises can also increase or decrease thyroid hormone blood tests. For example, doing anaerobic exercises can elevate the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the body. At the same time, anaerobic exercises can also decrease FT3 levels. It is estimated that thyroid hormone levels can be altered for several hours or even several days, depending on the individual and his fitness level. Marathoners are also highly exposed to have altered hormonal levels before and after completing a run. For example, the levels of glucose, albumin, protein, and bilirubin were measured in professional marathoners 4 hours after a run. All these hormones were increased. Studies performed on professional football players who train regularly also reveal that frequent exercise can boost immune function. One study looked at the white blood cell count in 31 males who didn’t do any exercise as well as 32 males who were playing football for a year. The white blood cell count was significantly higher in football players, and this leads to the conclusion that regular exercise can improve the immune response of a person. In another study performed on marathoners, it has been discovered that regular jogging for long periods can reduce the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), which is a known marker of inflammation. However, excessive running can increase CRP and other inflammatory markers. When doctors perform an inflammation panel, they test the CRP levels primarily. They want to determine if the inflammation in the body is chronic or acute. Having lower CRP levels as marathoners do helps them avoid chronic inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, some marathoners also had high PSA levels after completing a marathon. PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, and it’s a marker of prostate disease. 2 out of 21 marathoners had increased PSA levels after running a marathon, which might state a problem with the prostate tissue. However, this can be a false diagnosis since vigorous exercise tends to increase PSA levels in certain people. That’s why doctors recommend performing prostate tests twice if PSA levels are increased as a result of exercise. At the same time, one should wait at least 24 hours after exercise to do a prostate exam to get a more accurate diagnosis. Last but not least, weightlifting has been shown to result in profound increases in liver function tests in healthy men used to moderate physical activity, not including weightlifting. Liver function tests are significantly increased for at least 7 days after weightlifting. It is important to impose relevant restrictions on heavy muscular exercise prior to and during clinical studies.   Get Your Health Checked Up Today! It’s amazing that we live in an era when we can order a blood test online and get the results back in a few days. The whole process is also confidential and super-affordable! You should take advantage of that and order your first blood test today. If you don’t know what to start with, check out the popular tests on DiscountedLabs, and explore the multitude of blood panels available. These tests are inexpensive, and they’ll help you get your health under control!

Essential Guide: How to Read Blood Test Results As patient self-education grows with access to information online, more people are taking charge of their health by buying their own blood tests that they can access online without visiting a doctor. Large blood testing networks located all over the United States make it easy for empowered and educated patients to find a lab location near them where they can have their blood drawn or provide a blood sample, urine sample, or saliva sample. Discounted Labs makes it easy for those consumers to buy and learn how to read blood test results, including the results of conventional blood tests, which can provide valuable insights into human health, including the effects of drugs and environmental contaminants, so that they can have more educated discussions with their physicians. After people buy their own blood tests and receive their results, it is sometimes difficult to make sense of what high or low blood test values mean when compared with the “normal” ranges provided by blood testing companies. Searching on the Internet may only give people a limited explanation of the health consequences of these high or low blood test values. We will attempt to include the most common blood tests, their normal ranges, and the meaning of high or low values, including the lower limits, as well as individual tests or collections of related tests called panels, to help people understand and monitor their ongoing health conditions. It is important to note that when interpreting blood test results, your clinician will likely focus on test trends relative to their normal ranges and not just the numerical results themselves. This means that if you have results for a given test from different labs, your clinician will look at how your results compare to the normal ranges for that specific test, rather than just the numerical values listed on your lab report. Additionally, these normal ranges are based on statistical analyses of tests from a large number of patients, providing a more accurate understanding of what is considered a healthy range for each test. Table of Contents Essential Guide: How to Read Blood Test Results How can one interpret the various values presented in blood test results? Consult Your Health Care Provider to Discuss How to Read Blood Test Results 1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 2. Albumin 3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (adults) 4. Androstenedione (adult) 5. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) 6. Bilirubin, direct 7. Bilirubin, total 8. Calcium 9. Carbon dioxide, C02 total 10. Chloride 11. Cholesterol 12. Creatinine 13. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Sulfate (Adult) 14. Estradiol (Ultra-Sensitive) 15. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 16. Globulin 17. Glucose, fasting 18. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) 19. Growth Hormone, GH (resting) 20. Hemoglobin A1C 21. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL 22. Insulin 23. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 24. Lipoprotein (a) Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol 25. Iron 26. Luteinizing hormone (LH) 27. Magnesium 28. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) 29. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 28. Phosphorus, inorganic (adult) 29. Potassium 30. Progesterone 31. Prolactin 32. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 33. Protein, total 34. Sodium 35. Somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I , IGF-1) 36. Testosterone, total 37. Testosterone, Free 38. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 39. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) 40. Thyroid Antibodies Sources: How can one interpret the various values presented in blood test results? Interpreting blood test results involves understanding values like cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and white blood cell count. Comparing these to standard ranges helps assess overall health. Consult a healthcare provider for detailed explanations and guidance on how to read blood test results accurately. Consult Your Health Care Provider to Discuss How to Read Blood Test Results Consult your health care provider to get explanations about your blood test results and how he or she uses them to diagnose and treat your condition. The information below is not meant to provide medical advice or guide any treatment decisions, and it is only intended as an educational tool to enable you to have an educated discussion with a health practitioner. In order to accurately interpret your blood test results and determine the cause of fatigue, your healthcare provider will consider numerous factors and disorders, such as anemia, an underactive thyroid, or diabetes, which occurs when there are excessive glucose molecules in the bloodstream, that can contribute to prolonged or chronic fatigue. One important factor that your healthcare provider will look at is the history of glucose levels in your bloodstream, which can be determined through a hemoglobin A1c test. This test measures the percentage of HbA1c present relative to the total amount of hemoglobin, providing a history of glucose levels in the bloodstream over a period of about three months prior to the test. We will review 40 of the most common lab tests that people buy through direct-to-consumer lab testing companies like DiscountedLabs.com. 1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) Your liver produces the enzyme alanine aminotransferase. It's important to test this substance to determine whether your liver is infected or not. This test is sold as part of a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP test. Normal AST range: 10-55 U/liter for males 10-55 U/liter for females High ALT, SGPT The liver cells might be seriously damaged, to the point of necrosis It might be a sign of extensive trauma to the liver, left heart failure, cirrhosis, or jaundice It might also be a sign of muscular dystrophy, fatty liver, myocardial infarction, and liver tumors As a result of the breakdown of muscle fibers during exercise, ALT can rise in people who perform regular resistance exercises with weights and machines. Low ALT, SGPT Low values of ALT indicate pyridoxal phosphate deficiency, that can result in various health complications, including epilepsy 2. Albumin Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the human body. It helps to carry nutrients to various tissues and it prevents blood vessels from leaking fluids. Normal albumin range 1–4.3 g/dl for men and women When Albumin blood test is high It might signify severe dehydration. It's not possible to increase albumin levels naturally. The only way albumin concentration might get higher is if plasma water decreases significantly When Albumin blood test is low This is a sign of acute or chronic inflammation Albumin levels might drop if the liver has problems synthesizing this protein properly, so it might indicate liver damage The transportation of bile acids and metal ions might be affected if the albumin levels get too low 3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (adults) Alkaline phosphatase is also known as ALP, and it's found in different tissues in the body. This enzyme is mostly present in the bones and liver. It plays a vital role in bone formation and mineralization. Normal Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 45-115 U/liter for males 30-100 U/liter for females When ALP blood test is high It might be a sign of biliary obstruction or liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis sign of bone disorder or even renal problems In some cases, it might indicate thyroid issues When ALP blood test is low It might signify nutritional deficiencies such as a lack of vitamin D, B12, magnesium or zinc It might be caused by severe anemia 4. Androstenedione (adult) Normal Androstenedione ranges 50-250 ng/dl for men and women This is a precursor to major sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. Testing for this hormone is necessary in conjunction with other hormonal tests to determine the levels of testosterone or estrogen in the body. The gonads and adrenal glands are responsible for producing androstenedione. When Androstenedione blood test is high Elevated levels might indicate a gonadal tumor, especially when the levels exceed 500 ng/dl When Androstenedione blood test is low This might signify a dysfunction of the adrenal glands, such as adrenal insufficiency It might signify ovarian or testicular failure if the levels are too low 5. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme found in most tissues in the human body, particularly in the liver and the heart. It has multiple functions in the human body and abnormal levels usually indicate a liver problem. Normal AST or SGOT ranges 10–40 U/liter for men 9–25 U/liter for women When AST or SGOT blood test is high This could be a sign of liver cell necrosis or obstructive jaundice It might also signify hepatitis or a liver problem caused by drugs and medications Since this enzyme is found in the muscles, it might be a sign of skeletal muscle, inflammatory disease or even heart failure Exercise that involves resistance may also raise AST or SGOT. Normally, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase should be low. Problems appear when these levels get very high due to organ failure or inflammation. 6. Bilirubin, direct Bilirubin is a yellow substance involved in the process of cleaning organic waste from the body, such as dead red blood cells, etc. It is excreted in the bile and urine, and it consists of direct and total bilirubin, as well as blood urea nitrogen and waste products. When doing a blood test, your results might indicate the levels of direct and total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and waste products, as all of these are important to diagnose certain diseases. Normal direct bilirubin range 0-0.4 mg/dl for men and women When bilirubin blood test is high It might signify biliary tree obstruction, cholestasis, and damage to the hepatic cells The patient might have Dubin-Johnson syndrome, which is characterized by an increase of direct bilirubin in the liver The patient may be taking a liver-toxic medication or herb The patient may have hepatitis A, B, or C When bilirubin blood test is low Low levels of direct bilirubin are usually not a cause of concern. Barbiturates or caffeine consumption may temporarily lower these levels. 7. Bilirubin, total This is the total amount of bilirubin enzymes in your body, including direct and indirect ones. Low levels of total bilirubin are not a problem in most cases. You should see a doctor when these levels are elevated, as they can signify different types of damage to your organs. Normal total bilirubin range 0-1.0 mg/dl for men and women When total bilirubin blood test is high It might be a sign of neonatal physiological jaundice Toxins or inflammation may cause the hepatic cells to suffer damage, which would result in high levels. It might be a sign of biliary tree obstruction See item 4 for more 8. Calcium Calcium is one of the most important minerals in the body. It's directly involved in the mineralization and growth of bones and it ensures that teeth remain in good condition. Normal calcium range 5–10.5 mg/dl for men and women When calcium blood test is high This might be a sign of hyperparathyroidism, bone disorders, malignant disease such as metastatic carcinoma of breast and kidney, etc Your blood might contain too much vitamin D, which leads to intoxication Acromegaly or dehydration When calcium blood test is low It might be a sign of hypoparathyroidism or chronic kidney failure It might be due to a magnesium or vitamin D deficiency. The patient might have acute pancreatitis, anemia or problems with the pituitary gland 9. Carbon dioxide, C02 total Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the food metabolization process. This gas is released into the bloodstream when cells are broken down in simpler substances. The blood full of carbon dioxide returns to the lungs, where it is eliminated through respiration. Normal carbon dioxide CO2 range 24–30 mmol/liter for men and women When carbon dioxide CO2 blood test is high It might be a sign of respiratory acidosis resulted from poor gas exchange in the body Additionally, metabolic acidosis may be the cause, especially if there are numerous episodes of vomiting. When it's too low It might signify tubular acidosis of the kidneys It might be a sign of loss of alkaline fluids through the intestines or compensated respiratory alkalosis 10. Chloride Chloride forms when the element chlorine gains an electron. This is an important electrolyte that helps to maintain cell homeostasis or balance. Normal chloride blood test range 100–108 mmol/liter for men and women When chloride blood test is high High chloride may be caused by metabolic acidosis, especially when it's accompanied by loss of fluids caused by diarrhea Additionally, severe dehydration or a kidney issue like renal tubular acidosis or acute renal failure can be the cause. Hyperparathyroidism can also cause chloride levels to increase When chloride blood test is low Too much vomiting or prolonged diarrhea episodes could be the cause. Gastric issues like gastric suction or gastric secretion can also be the cause of low levels. Excessive sweating or respiratory acidosis can also make the chloride levels drop significantly 11. Cholesterol Cholesterol is one of the most common substances tested by physicians all over the world. This substance lines up the interior of your blood vessels and arteries. It's necessary for making new cells and hormones, but too much of it can be a problem. The liver produces cholesterol, but you can also get it from food. Liver function studies are an important part of a chemistry panel, as they can indicate how well your liver is working and if there are any potential problems with body function. Additionally, within the blood are numerous molecules formed as byproducts of normal biochemical functions that can be measured through a blood test, serving numerous roles in maintaining your overall health. Normal cholesterol ranges The ideal level is less than 200 mg/dl The upper limit is 200–239 mg/dl High is anything above 239 mg/dl When cholesterol blood test is high, It might be a symptom of pancreatic dysfunction, but it can also be due to gout, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, or extrahepatic cholestasis. can result from acute intermittent porphyria as well as alcoholism or anorexia nervosa. Might facilitate the development of atherosclerosis, that can lead to various cardiovascular diseases When cholesterol blood test is low This might signify lipoprotein deficiency or the necrosis of liver cells Malnutrition and inadequate nutrient absorption are additional causes of it. It might be associated with mental retardation, rheumatoid arthritis or obstructive lung disease 12. Creatinine The muscles produce creatinine, which is a byproduct of creatine, particularly following a strenuous workout. The kidneys eliminate it from the body through urine. This test is part of the CMP panel. Normal creatinine range 6-1.5 mg/dl for men and women When creatinine blood test is high Too much creatinine in the body might be a sign of renal failure or kidney dysfunction Hyperthyroidism can also be a cause of too much creatinine building up in the body, as well as acromegaly Eating too many meals containing meat can increase the level of creatine in the body Certain supplements, like creatine, can increase creatinine blood levels When creatinine blood test is low This might be a symptom of excessive muscle loss, most likely due to muscular dystrophy. It can also be a sign of liver problems or a lack of protein in your diet 13. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Sulfate (Adult) DHEA sulfate is a steroid produced by the adrenal cortex in both males and females. It influences the activity of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. Normal DHEA ranges 10-619 µg/dl for men 12–535 µg/dl for premenopausal women 30-260 µg/dl for postmenopausal women When DHEA blood test is high It might cause anxiety and depression in women during menopause When DHEA blood test is low It might be a sign of psoriasis or hyperlipidemia in men and women 14. Estradiol (Ultra-Sensitive) Estradiol is one of the most common female sex hormones. It's responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle in women and plays an important role in the libido of a man as well. It is responsible for maintaining healthy bone density in men and women. This hormone also starts the development of secondary female sexual characteristics such as breasts, hip enlargement, etc. More information about: the role of estradiol in men Normal estradiol ranges Less than 50 pg/mL in men (however, men with high testosterone may have higher estradiol since 0.4% of T aromatizes to estradiol.) Less than 59 pg/mL in postmenopausal women 50–145 pg/mL in women during the Menstruating Follicular Phase 112-443 pg/mL during the midcycle peak 50–241 pg/mL during the luteal phase When estradiol blood test is high Gynecomastia might appear in men with too much estradiol and low testosterone. This means the development of breast tissue in males For young girls, it might be a sign of early puberty Different types of tumors in the testicles or ovaries could be the cause. Hyperthyroidism for both men and women High testosterone doses may increase estradiol in men. When estradiol blood test is low It might signify the onset of menopause in women It might signify hypopituitarism or hypogonadism in men Usually associated with the Turner syndrome, which happens when the woman has just one X chromosome instead of two Can be caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome, a condition that might lead to infertility in women The overuse of aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole can result in low estradiol. 15. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing FSH. It's responsible for pubertal maturation, and it works together with the luteinizing hormone to ensure the optimal functioning of the reproductive system. Normal FSH ranges 0–12.0 U/liter for men 0–20.0 U/liter for women during the menstruating follicular phase 0–26.0 U/liter for women during the ovulatory phase 0–12.0 U/liter during the luteal phase 0-153.0 U/liter for postmenopausal women When FSH blood test is high In women, FSH might be a sign of menopause or having the polycystic ovarian syndrome It might also signify a chromosomal abnormality such as Klinefelter's syndrome in men or Turner syndrome in women High levels of FSH in men could also be a sign of damaged testicles from alcohol abuse. In children, excessive FSH might be a sign of starting puberty When FSH blood test is low It might be a sign that a tumor or trauma has harmed the pituitary gland and other crucial hormone control centers in the brain. The woman might not produce eggs and the man might not be able to produce sperm The patient lives a very stressful life, as stress can drastically alter FSH levels Men or women on hormone replacement therapy may have low FSH due to the shutdown of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPGA) axis. 16. Globulin Globulins are a category of proteins produced by the human body. The immune system makes some of them, while the liver produces others to combat various bacteria and viruses. Normal globulin range 6–4.1 g/dl for men and women When globulin blood test is high It might be a sign of cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, or hepatitis When globulin blood test is low This might indicate lymphoproliferative disorder or the onset of various autoimmune diseases 17. Glucose, fasting Glucose is basically the amount of sugar you have in your blood. The entire human body uses glucose as a fuel source, but too much of it can be a problem (diabetes). This test is part of the CMP panel. Normal fasting glucose range 70–110 mg/dl for men and women When glucose blood test is high This might be a sign of diabetes, increased insulin resistance, increased epinephrine, pancreatic disorders or endocrine problems Very high values are commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction, kidney disease or chronic liver disease When glucose blood test is low Although uncommon, a tumor that stimulates the pancreas to produce excessive amounts of insulin may be the cause of low glucose levels. It might also be a sign of serious liver disease or renal disorder 18. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) GGT can be found in many tissues in the body, particularly in the liver. This is an enzyme that helps doctors diagnose liver diseases with better accuracy. Normal GGT ranges 1-94 U/liter for males 1-70 U/liter for females When GGT blood test is high High levels are associated with liver diseases such as alcohol-induced liver disorders, inflammation or even cirrhosis Very high levels of GGT might signify post-hepatic obstruction or obstructive liver disease When GGT blood test is low This can be a sign of hypothyroidism or hepatoma It might also indicate prostate or pancreatic cancer 19. Growth Hormone, GH (resting) The growth hormone stimulates cell production and regeneration in the human body. It is produced in a pulsatile fashion and most of it is secreted during periods of deep sleep. Normal growth hormone range 2–5 ng/mL for men and women When GH blood test is high Too much growth hormone can cause gigantism in children or acromegaly in middle-aged adults. Both these conditions are characterized by excessive growth of the bones in the hands and feet. Growth hormone therapy or a pituitary tumor that produces GH can be the cause of it. When GH blood test is low Growth hormone deficiency might be present at birth and caused by a poorly developed pituitary gland Later on in life, too little growth hormone might signify a tumor or serious disorder with the pituitary that prevents it from secreting growth hormone normally 20. Hemoglobin A1C Hemoglobin A1c is also known as glycated hemoglobin, and it measures your average blood sugar levels from the last 2 to 3 months. Although it's not an efficient indicator of diabetes, hemoglobin a1c can be used to monitor its evolution over time. Normal A1C range A normal A1C level is below 5.7%, a level of 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and a level of 6.5% or more indicates diabetes. Within the 5.7% to 6.4% prediabetes range, the higher your A1C, the greater your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. When A1c blood test is high Increased levels of this substance are associated with hyperglycemia in adults Having low levels of hemoglobin a1c is usually not a cause of concern. This can happen if the patient consumes little to no sugar over an extended period of time or fasts for more than 12 to 24 hours. 21. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL HDL cholesterol is also known as "good cholesterol". It is usually calculated and interpreted in combination with either total cholesterol values or LDL cholesterol. Studies indicate that for every 5% decrease in HDL, the risk of coronary artery disease increases by 25%. The HDL test is part of the lipid panel. Normal HDL ranges Over 40 mg/dl for men Over 50 mg/dl for women When HDL blood test is high Although too much HDL is a rare occurrence and shouldn't be a problem, it can increase the risk of serious heart disease in people who already had a heart attack When HDL blood test is low Especially if the triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels are high, low HDL cholesterol can significantly increase the risk of heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, etc. The use of higher-dose testosterone or anabolic steroids can decrease HDL. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are known to contribute to low HDL. Read about how to increase HDL. 22. Insulin The pancreas produces insulin, which aids in controlling blood sugar levels. This substance acts as a "key" that opens up the cells in your body, allowing them to absorb glucose and use it for energy production. Normal fasting insulin  range 2-20 U/ml for men and women When insulin blood test is high, A pancreatic tumor that increases secretion can be the cause of too much insulin. It might also be a sign of insulin resistance syndromes or endogenous hyperinsulinemia When insulin blood test is low, This can be a sign that diabetes type 1 was treated improperly 23. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) LDH is an enzyme found in all living cells and organisms. It can be used as a marker for tissue breakdown. Normal LDH range 110–210 U/liter in men and women When LDH blood test is high It might be a sign of myocardial or pulmonary infarction as well as cellular injury High LDH levels are also associated with nonviral hepatitis, lymphoma, sickle cell disease or hemolytic anemias Very high levels usually signify a host of conditions, such as megaloblastic anemia, hyperthermia, hypoxia, extreme shock or renal diseases Low levels of LDH are rare and usually not a cause of concern. 24. Lipoprotein (a) Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lipoprotein (a) has been called a powerful predictor of premature atherosclerotic vascular disease. Extra Lp(a) levels are linked to a higher risk of cardiac death in people with acute coronary syndromes and who have restenosis after angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary bypass procedures. This is because they are an independent risk factor for early coronary artery disease. In general, concentrations greater than or equal to 75 nmol/L of Lp(a) in serum are associated with a two- to sixfold increase in risk, depending on the presence of other risk factors. Lp(a) test is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction (in white populations) equal to high LDL cholesterol. Serum concentrations are genetically determined. Fifteen percent to 20% of the white population have Lp(a) levels ≥75 nmol/L and are presumed to be at risk. Race-dependent differences in Lp (a) concentrations are known. The significance of high Lp (a) in nonwhite populations must be evaluated with caution. The Lp(a) levels in different ethnic populations can vary widely. Africans, or people of African descent, generally have Lp(a) levels higher than Caucasians and Asians, while Native Americans generally have levels lower than Caucasians. This variability of Lp(a) levels by ethnic population requires careful interpretation of results based on knowledge of the patient and other cardiac risk factors that may be present. Normal Lipoprotein a ranges Risk: nmol/L Optimal | <75 Moderate: 75-125 High: >125 When lipoprotein a is high It might be a sign of premature coronary heart disease as well as hyperlipoproteinemia  It might lead to hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa, hepatic obstruction or Cushing’s syndrome When lipoprotein a blood test is low Very low levels of LDL cholesterol occur rarely, but they might signify cancer or hemorrhagic stroke. Very high statin doses can also be the cause of it. 25. Iron Iron is an important element in the human body. It helps with the production of red blood cells and prevents the onset of anemia, a condition characterized by permanent fatigue and lack of energy. Iron also helps transport oxygen to the various cells and tissues in the body. Normal iron range 45–180 ug/dL for men and women When iron blood test is high This might indicate conditions such as hemolytic anemias, poisoning with lead, acute leukemia, hepatitis or a deficiency of vitamin B6 Too much iron can also be associated with hemochromatosis and nephritis Taking higher doses of iron supplements can also cause high iron When iron blood test is low This can signify severe anemia, acute or chronic infection in the body, carcinoma or hypothyroidism Low amounts of iron in the blood are also associated with nephrosis, shortness of breath, paleness, and heart palpitations Other causes of low iron are frequent blood donations or internal bleeding. 26. Luteinizing hormone (LH) The luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a vital role in the reproductive organs for both men and women. It affects the menstruation cycle of a woman and for men, the luteinizing hormone binds to the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. Normal LH ranges 0-12.0 in men 0–15.0 for the follicular phase of a menstruating female 22–105 for the ovulatory phase 6-19 for the luteal phase 16-64 for postmenopausal women When LH blood test is high In men, too much LH in the bloodstream might be a sign of testicular dysfunction or an LH-producing adenoma. In women, this can indicate ovarian failure or ovarian dysfunction. When LH blood test is low Very low levels of LH might indicate dysfunction of the pituitary gland in both men and women Hormone replacement therapy is another factor that can contribute to low LH in both men and women. 27. Magnesium Magnesium is an important element in the human body. It helps to process glucose in the bloodstream, it supports the immune system, it keeps neurological system function well, it keeps bones strong, and it also ensures a steady heartbeat. Normal magnesium range 4–2.0 meq/liter for men and women When magnesium blood test is high This can be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as well as renal insufficiency or dehydration Too much magnesium can also be associated with Addison's disease, hypothyroidism or autoimmune diseases such as lupus When magnesium blood test is low A magnesium deficiency can be characterized by muscle cramps, excessive fatigue, and osteoporosis, among other conditions. Conditions and medications that increase the risk of magnesium deficiency include gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, advanced age, type 2 diabetes, use of loop diuretics (such as Lasix), treatment with certain chemotherapies, and alcohol dependence. 28. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH Concentration (MCHC): the amount or concentration, respectively, of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is a calculation of the amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside your red blood cells (RBCs). A high MCHC indicates an increased level of hemoglobin in your RBCs, which can be further evaluated through a red blood cell count. These results are typically included in a complete blood count panel, which is crucial for monitoring overall health and detecting potential medical conditions. Normal MCH range 27.5 and 33.2 picograms (pg) per cell When MCH blood test is high A high MCH indicates an increased level of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein, in your RBCs. Increases can be associated with anemia. Often, increased MCH occurs in conjunction with a high mean corpuscular volume—or large red blood cells-which suggest macrocytic anemia. High MCH can also be linked to low blood levels of B-12 or folate, indicating a potential health condition. When MCH blood test is low A low MCH indicates that you have a decreased level of oxygen-carrying protein in your red blood cells, also known as anemia. This can result from either lower than normal levels of red blood cells or a decrease in the quantity or quality of hemoglobin, the protein that allows these cells to transport oxygen. Decreases can be associated with certain types of anemia, including chronic fatigue syndrome. Often, decreases occur in conjunction with low mean corpuscular volume—or small RBCs—which suggest microcytic anemia. Hypochromic anemia, resulting from hemoglobin deficiency, can be a possibility as well. Understanding your MCH levels is crucial to interpreting your blood test results and identifying any potential issues with your normal levels of red blood cells. Different ways of studying blood and interpreting results can also affect the reference range, making it important to consult with a healthcare professional for accurate analysis. 29. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is the average size, or volume, of individual red blood cells. Normal MCV range 80–100 femtoliters When MCV blood test is high A high MCV indicates large, or macrocytic, RBCs. A high MCV is associated with specific varieties of anemia and can indicate a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid. It can also be elevated in patients with sleep apnea. When MCV blood test is low A low MCV indicates small, or microcytic, red blood cells. A low MCV is associated with anemia and can indicate an iron deficiency, chronic illness, hereditary disease, or thalassemia. 28. Phosphorus, inorganic (adult) Phosphorus is the second-most common mineral in the body. It makes up for about 1% of a person's weight and its main role is to help in the formation of bones and teeth. The highest levels of phosphorus in the bloodstream usually occur in the morning and they gradually drop to lower levels in the evening. Normal phosphorus range 6-4.5 mg/dl for men and women When phosphorus blood test is high This can be a sign of intoxication with vitamin D, bone tumors or even leukemia Too much phosphorus might also be a sign that some bones are healing inside the body, as well as hypoparathyroidism or renal failure In some cases, it can be associated with respiratory acidosis or pulmonary embolism When phosphorus blood test is low You might experience severe fatigue, muscle weakness, and lack of energy It might contribute to the development of joint pain or bone disorders 29. Potassium Potassium is one of the most important electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes help to transport electrical impulses to and from organs and tissues. Potassium is not produced in the body, so it must be taken from various foods such as bananas, nuts, beans, whole grains, and lean meats. Normal potassium range 4–4.8 mmol/liter for men and women When potassium blood test is high This is also known as hyperkalemia and it's usually associated with a poor excretion of potassium through the kidneys It can also be a sign of anorexia nervosa, dehydration, tissue damage or hemolysis The most common cause of high potassium is kidney disease. Some blood pressure medications can increase serum potassium Uncontrolled diabetes Injuries that cause severe bleeding Some rare diseases can cause high potassium levels. When potassium blood test is low This might be a sign of an adrenal disorder such as Cushing syndrome Low potassium (hypokalemia) has many causes. The most common cause is excessive potassium loss in urine due to prescription medications that increase urination. Also known as water pills or diuretics, these types of medications are often prescribed for people who have high blood pressure or heart disease. 30. Progesterone Progesterone is produced in the ovary and it plays a vital role in maintaining a pregnancy. It also plays an important role in brain function in men and women and it can be used as a medication to treat different hormonal disorders. It's important to note that the levels of progesterone in a woman's body vary throughout the month, depending on her ovulation phase. The progesterone levels skyrocket if the woman is pregnant. Normal progesterone ranges Less than 1 ng/mL for men More than 1 ng/mL for a female during the follicular phase 3-20 ng/mL during the mid-luteal phase When progesterone blood test is high If the woman is not pregnant, this can be a sign of an ovarian problem, such as an ovarian cyst or ovarian cancer. If the woman is pregnant, high levels are normal Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can also be the cause of high progesterone. When progesterone blood test is low Low progesterone levels in women are usually associated with infertility problems and might lead to poor ovarian function testosterone or the use of anabolic steroids may be the cause of low progesterone levels in men. It can be linked to sleep issues and anxiety. 31. Prolactin The pituitary gland is responsible for producing the hormone prolactin. It influences the lactation process, but it also plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system. In some cases, it can also influence the behavior of the individual. Normal prolactin ranges 0–15 ng/mL for men 0–20 ng/mL for premenopausal women 0–15 ng/mL for postmenopausal women When prolactin blood test is high, In men, too much prolactin might lead to impotence, galactorrhea, low libido, and even infertility. Pituitary adenomas (tumors) can be the cause of it. High prolactin levels can decrease testosterone production and cause erectile dysfunction. It can also cause nipple discharge in some men. Caution: Blocking prolactin may cause heart issues. In women, too much prolactin might interfere with the ovulation process and reduce the secretion of estrogen and progesterone When prolactin blood test is low Although very rare, this might reduce the production of milk in women who just gave birth. It might also be a sign of a poorly functioning pituitary gland Higher doses of cabergoline or other prolactin antagonists can cause low prolactin levels in men. 32. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Both healthy and unhealthy prostate tissue produce the prostate-specific antigen, a type of protein. It acts as a marker for detecting prostate cancer as well as monitoring the recurrence of prostate-related diseases like prostatitis. It is suggested that you follow these recommendations to prepare for a PSA test. Normal PSA range 0-2.0 ng/ml for men under 40 years of age 0-4.0 ng/ml for 40-year-old men or older When PSA blood test is high It might be a sign of prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia, so high PSA may not be prostate cancer. Strong exercise or surgery may also be the cause of a high PSA level. In some cases, high PSA levels are associated with prostate cancer When PSA blood test is low It might indicate prostate tumors, but usually more tests are required to confirm the diagnosis 33. Protein, total Protein is one of the most important nutrients in the human body, as it directly impacts cell regeneration and repair. Different types of proteins can be used as fuel and they help with the development of muscle tissue and new human cells. Normal protein range 0-8.0 g/dl for men and women When protein blood test is high Too much protein in the bloodstream might be associated with anabolic steroid use High serum protein can also be a sign of insulin progesterone, epinephrine or corticosteroids preparations When protein blood test is low This can signify malnutrition, malabsorption syndrome or a chronic liver disease 34. Sodium Sodium is another important electrolyte in the body. It helps to keep the cell fluid balance at normal levels and it performs other important body functions. Normal sodium range 135–145 mmol/liter for men and women When sodium blood test is high This can be a sign of Cushing's syndrome Too much sodium might also be a sign of increased renal sodium retention in hyperaldosteronism When sodium blood test is low Also known as hyponatremia, too little sodium in the blood might signify diuretic abuse, salt-losing nephropathy or excessive sweating Low sodium might also be caused by excessive vomiting or diarrhea 35. Somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I , IGF-1) IGF-1 plays a vital role during childhood and it can have anabolic effects in adults. This hormone acts like insulin as it helps control the blood sugar level. It's produced by the liver and it can be influenced by growth hormone. It increases with hunger as Ghrelin is produced by the stomach. Normal IGF-1 ranges 182–780 ng/mL for people between 16 and 24 years 114–492 ng/mL for people between 25 and 39 years 90-360 ng/mL for people between 40 and 54 years 71-290 ng/mL for people older than 54 years When it's too high This might be a sign of acromegaly, especially if the growth hormone levels are also high. A pituitary tumor might be the cause of this. High growth hormone therapy doses may be the cause of high IGF-1. Hypothyroidism, liver disease, or uncontrolled diabetes are possible causes of low IGF-1. It can slow down height in children. 36. Testosterone, total Testosterone is the most important male sex hormone. It starts the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in pubertal boys and it helps to produce sperm in adult men. It is linked to libido, lean body mass, and motivation in men and women. You can find a cheap testosterone test on discountedlabs.com Normal testosterone ranges (depending on laboratory) 270–1070 ng/dl for men 6-86 ng/dl for women When testosterone blood test is high, This can be a sign of high testosterone doses. High testosterone doses or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women can be the cause of it. When testosterone blood test is low, It can lead to hypogonadism and low sex drive in men It may result from illness, head trauma, the use of opiates or anabolic steroids, exposure to environmental toxins, high prolactin from pituitary adenomas, testicular dysfunction, malnutrition, specific medications, or low LH produced by the pituitary gland. Low testosterone in women can result from a variety of causes, including illness, ovarian or adrenal dysfunction, the use of opiates or anabolic steroids, excessive exercise, and other factors. 37. Testosterone, Free Free or unbound testosterone makes up for about 1% to 2% of the total testosterone people have in their bodies. This type of testosterone is not bound to proteins such as albumin or sex hormone-binding globulin. It is responsible for most of the functions attributed to testosterone (libido, mood, etc.) Normal free testosterone ranges 0–40.0 pg/mL for males between 20 and 40 years 0–35.0 pg/mL for males between 41 and 60 years 0–28.0 pg/mL for males between 61 and 80 years 6–3.1 pg/mL for females between 20 and 40 years 4–2.5 pg/mL for females between 41 and 60 years 2–2.0 pg/mL for females between 61 and 80 years When free testosterone blood test is low, It's usually associated with hypogonadal symptoms in men and women. Low free testosterone is usually caused by low total testosterone or by high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). When free testosterone blood test is high High free testosterone is usually caused by high total testosterone (high TRT doses), anabolic steroid use, or low SHBG. 38. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) The pituitary gland is responsible for producing TSH. It directly stimulates the thyroid and makes it secrete different types of thyroid hormones that are involved in energy production and other metabolic processes. Normal TSH range 5–5.0 U/ml for men and women (some physicians treat based on a range of 0.5–2.5) When TSH blood test is high High TSH levels can mean your thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormones, a condition called hypothyroidism, especially when it's associated with fatigue, depression, and constipation Iodine supplementation can also result in high TSH. When TSH blood test is low It might be a sign of an overly active thyroid or hyperthyroidism. Muscle weakness, nervousness, and irregular heartbeats can accompany it. Thyroid hormone replacement can result in low TSH. 39. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Hormonal production of the thyroid gland is composed of thyroxine or T4 (80%), and triiodothyronine, or T3 (20%). In the circulation, whole T4 originates from thyroid secretion but most of T3 (80%) is produced outside the thyroid from T4 deiodination. Different factors may affect the conversion of T4 to T3, and circulating T3 is a less reliable indicator of thyroid hormone production than T4. In the blood, most of T4 and T3 are bound to binding proteins and only 0.02% of T4 and 0.3% of T3 are free. Because of their higher diagnostic performance, free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) measurements have superseded total (free + bound) hormone determination. Free T3 measures the free T3 hormone levels. This test can be really useful for finding out what amount of active thyroid hormones are available for the thyroid receptor sites. Free T3 blood test are high in hyperthyroid conditions and low in hypothyroid conditions. May also be high in thyroid toxicosis. The thyroid function panel also measures the levels of these hormones to assess thyroid-related health, including the levels of these hormones. Free T4 is used to measure the amount of free or active T4 in the blood. High with hyperthyroidism, low with hypothyroidism. The drug Heparin can also cause elevated free T4 levels, as can some acute illness. It’s also high in an overdose of thyroid hormone. Normal total T4 range 5–10.9 g/dl for men and women When T4 blood test is high Too much thyroxine is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism When T4 blood test is low This can be a sign of a poorly functioning thyroid gland or hypothyroidism 40. Thyroid Antibodies When these antibodies are present, it means that your immune system is attacking your own tissue. When your body produces thyroid autoantibodies, it could create a hypo- or hyper-thyroid state. They may also be elevated if there is thyroid cancer. Some antibodies can attach to TSH receptors, but they don’t cause a response in the thyroid. These people will complain of low thyroid symptoms, but the TSH might not change at all. In other cases, the antibodies bind to receptor sites and cause the thyroid to be overactive. Here you will see high T4, low TSH and high antibodies. There are 3 autoantibodies that are tested. The first 2 are the most common: Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO Ab): This antibody is the one that is usually high in autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s. It is also known as microsomal antibody. Thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb): These aren’t seen as often as TPO Ab. They are usually ordered when thyroid lab results seem strange because these antibodies can interfere with thyroid hormone production. TgAb is also used to monitor progress after surgery for removing the thyroid in thyroid cancer. You can buy thyroid tests on discountedlabs.com Sources: Troponin Test Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Lab Tests Thyroid Tests Journal Article on HIV-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Test Perspectives on Diagnostic Strategies for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Research Article on Severe Diarrhea and Malnutrition How to Read Your Laboratory Report Fatigue - Merck Manuals Professional Edition Complete Blood Count (CBC) Diagnosing Anemia    

  Since abnormally high hematocrit values can pose serious health problems, this article will analyze the correlation between testosterone therapy and high hematocrit. TRT, sleep apnea and smoking are contributing factors that can cause high hematocrit, which can increase cardiovascular risks if not properly managed. This article explains the basics of how to manage high hematocrit while using testosterone. High hematocrit: Why it is important? The red cells are some of the most important components of a person’s blood. The term hematocrit refers to the percentage of red blood cells in a human’s body. For women, normal hematocrit values should be around 42% and for men, it should be around 47%. A complete blood count test will show the number of red blood cells in the blood as well as the hemoglobin values, white blood cells, and platelets. When the hematocrit is too high, meaning that there are too many red blood cells, this condition is known as polycythemia. When the hematocrit values are too low, this condition is known as anemia. Abnormal hematocrit values can put one’s life in danger if not treated promptly. Since abnormally high hematocrit values can pose serious health problems, this article will analyze the correlation between red blood cell count and various medical conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, erythrocytosis caused by testosterone replacement therapy and why people should be careful when donating blood more than once a year. It is important to also know the red cell distribution width (RDW), which is a laboratory measuring system that analyzes the size of red blood cells. Doctors frequently examine the RDW to determine the causes of anemia and to gain more insights about the severity of different cardiovascular diseases.  Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments that quickly react when bleeding is detected in the body. They help in the coagulation process to prevent infection and initiate the healing process. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a way of measuring the size of the platelets. Both these terms, RDW and MPV, will be used to examine the link between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and high hematocrit values. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), red blood cells and high hematocrit values OSAS is a sleep disorder that is characterized by a collapse of the upper airway while sleeping. This leads to a low quality sleep, choking sensations, and even hypoxia (low oxygen saturation). A comprehensive study performed between January 2011 and June 2014 shows that high RDW might be a reliable marker when it comes to the severity of OSAS. Hematocrit TRT Study Material and Methods 264 patients were admitted to the sleep unit to undergo a polysomnographic evaluation and were subsequently diagnosed with OSAS. 116 of these patients met the criteria of the study and agreed to participate. These patients reported frequent unpleasant symptoms such as daytime sleepiness, severe snoring at nighttime, etc. The exclusion criteria left out patients who had various types of medical conditions that might have interfered with the results of the study. For example, patients who had known cardiovascular diseases, were smokers, had diabetes mellitus, lung disease or hypertension were not included in the study. The 116 patients who participated in the study were divided into several groups, depending on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) which basically indicates the severity of the sleep apnea. There were 3 groups – mild (AHI between 5 and 15), moderate (AHI between 15 and 30) and severe (AHI higher than 30). There was also a control group of 62 individuals who had an apnea-hypopnea index of less than 5. The study was performed using polysomnographic methods. Researchers have attached suprasternal microphones to assess the airflow of the patients during sleep. Blood samples were also drawn using a 21-gauge needle syringe after a fasting period of 8 hours. The apnea was defined as a stop of airflow for 10 seconds or more during sleep. Hypopnea was defined as a reduction of airflow between 30% and 50% as well as a decrease in capillary oxygen saturation. Sleep Apnea and Testosterone- Study Results At the end of the study, researchers have reached the conclusion that patients with severe OSAS have a higher RDW, a higher platelet count and MPV. In addition, the hematocrit and RDW are positively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index. This means that the complete blood count is very important for patients diagnosed with OSAS. It is well known that patients with OSAS experience a state of systemic inflammation due to a variety of causes. This state of inflammation can lead to a higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, which in turn can create erythrocyte deformability and a higher level of RDW. Other studies have shown that high RDW levels are also associated with a higher-sensitivity CRP level which is a known marker of inflammation. One of the most important reasons which make this study unique and highly accurate is the simple fact that patients who suffered from serious health conditions such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension didn’t take part in the study. It is a well-known fact that these illnesses can lead to a higher RDW level which could have compromised the results of the study. Patients who suffer from OSAS also experience hypercoagulability which is caused by high blood viscosity. Hematocrit, erythrocyte behavior, and other factors all affect blood viscosity, which is defined as the resistance of blood to external forces. It has been established that hematocrit plays an important role in the coagulability of blood and can lead to increased blood clotting. When there is an increased blood clotting in the body, the natural flow of blood can be negatively affected and multiple cardiovascular issues can appear. Researchers believe that the hypoxemia experienced by patients with OSAS is caused by a release of inflammatory factors that negatively affect the blood and can lead to hypercoagulability. It has also been found out that the total platelet count in patients with OSAS was higher in comparison with the patients in the control group or those in the mild group. This is real evidence of the correlation between platelet activation and cardiovascular diseases in patients suffering from OSAS. This comprehensive study has shown evidence that RDW, MPV, and platelet count are increased in patients diagnosed with OSAS. The RDW index is also positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index and AHI. Since RDW is included in a standard blood count measurement, it can become an inexpensive and simple tool to diagnose the severity of the OSAS in patients of all ages. As a result, patients who suffer from a severe OSAS can be given priority when it comes to treatment, improving their chances of recovery.   Understanding the occurrence of high red blood cells and hematocrit on testosterone replacement therapy   Erythrocytosis is a medical condition that appears when the body is making too many red blood cells. RBCs are responsible for transporting oxygen to organs and tissues. When there are too many, the blood can become too thick and cause cardiovascular complications. There are 2 types of erythrocytosis – primary and secondary. Primary erythrocytosis is usually caused by bone marrow problems. RBCs are made in the bone marrow and something might trigger an increase in their production. Certain diseases or medications, such as testosterone replacement therapy, can cause secondary erythrocytosis. TRT is the go-to treatment for people who suffer from hypogonadism – aka androgen deficiency. This type of treatment is increasingly popular, especially among people over 40 years of age. It can increase libido, help to maintain muscle mass, improve mood and general wellbeing. However, one of the side effects of TRT is a simple fact that it can cause erythrocytosis. An increase in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) is indicative of this medical condition. When the Hb is higher than 18.5 g/dL and the Hct is higher than 52% in men, the patient suffers from erythrocytosis. Since the RBCs count is too high in people with erythrocytosis, the blood viscosity also increases, which can lead to various potentially life-threatening medical issues such as venous thromboembolism. This essentially means that small blood clots separate from their original source and travel through veins and capillaries, causing blockages that result in stroke, myocardial infarction, or other complications. CHECK YOUR HEMATOCRIT TEST WITH A CBC PANEL Testosterone replacement therapy formulations   Testosterone replacement therapy is recommended for men who have testosterone levels lower than 300 ng/dL. It is commonly accepted that T levels decrease by approximately 1% per year after 35 years of age. TRT has been shown to improve the mood of the patients, correct insulin resistance problems, and help increase bone density and muscle mass, among other positive benefits. Getting testosterone into the body can be done in various ways. There are injections, gels, buccal patches, pellets, and others. Some formulations show results much quicker (injections, for example) and each one of them has different effects on patients, depending on the dosage, administration option, etc. TRT-induced high red blood cell volume ( high hematocrit ) When the testosterone levels increase in the body, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels also increase. Studies have shown that people who undergo TRT have higher blood viscosity and platelet adhesiveness, which can lead to thromboembolic risks. Although there are not many studies that link TRT-induced erythrocytosis (high red blood cells) with thromboembolism, one small research performed by Krauss et al on a group of 15 men can lead to interesting conclusions. The 15 men received short-acting IM TE (testosterone injection) every 21 days and had their bloodwork and testosterone levels monitored. The researchers discovered a correlation between transient ischemic attacks and men who had a mean Hct levels higher than 48%. Although the study was performed on a small group of men, it is an important research finding because throws a spotlight on the potential side effects of TRT. Additionally, the FDA also forces companies that make testosterone products to add a warning on the label stating “possible increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients taking testosterone”. High hematocrit: The effects of different testosterone products Researchers have discovered that various testosterone formulations have different effects when it comes to the occurrence of erythrocytosis in patients who undergo TRT. For example, short-acting injectables such as IM TC and IM TE render an incidence of erythrocytosis higher than 40%. The other formulations have a much lower incidence and are considered safer, although testosterone is absorbed much slower into the body. Men who are prescribed and use transdermal gels such as AndroGel 1.62% have an approximately 13% chance of developing erythrocytosis, according to some studies. These types of gels can have a dose of testosterone of 20–100 mg and can be applied to the shoulder area or directly on the skin. Similarly, crystalline pellets that are implanted under the skin have a T formulation of 75mg per pellet and can lead to a 35% chance of developing erythrocytosis in the long run. Studies define erythrocytosis as a hematocrit level higher than 52%. Researchers have found a possible link between high hematocrit levels and high hemoglobin levels in people who are on testosterone replacement therapy. However, more in-depth studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms that cause erythrocytosis to happen during TRT. Furthermore, some studies show that there is also a higher risk for patients who benefit from TRT to develop CV complications as a result of increased blood viscosity. It's important to also develop other treatment options for hypogonadal men, such as aromatase inhibitors, human chorionic gonadotropin, and others. Lastly, when TRT is absolutely necessary, patients might take into consideration safer testosterone products, such as undecanoates, which can be taken orally or as transdermal gels. Understanding why blood donations shouldn’t be done too frequently It is estimated that approximately 70% of the blood supply in the United States comes from repeat donors. Although donating blood is a commendable act, people should be careful when donating several times a year because they can develop iron deficiency. A plethora of men decides to donate blood to also decrease hematocrit levels. A study conducted on 235 men concluded that frequent blood donors can develop iron deficiency The group of 235 men was separated into 3 categories: – control group with no donations, group 2 with 2 donations per year and group 3 with 3 donations per year. The age of the donors was between 17 and 65 years and their hemoglobin values were higher than 12.5 g/dl. Donors who took iron supplements before were excluded from this study to avoid interfering with the results. The researchers looked at a couple of important values, such as hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Ferritin is a type of intracellular protein responsible for transporting and releasing iron throughout the body. Iron deficiency was defined as serum hemoglobin levels below 13 g/dl and serum ferritin levels below 15 μg/l. No participant in the study has donated blood in the previous 8 weeks. Researchers have found out that the patients in the case groups (2 and 3) had a decreased level of hemoglobin and ferritin in comparison with the patients in the control group. More specifically, men in group 3 had ferritin mean levels of 26 and a hemoglobin level of 13.8, those in group 2 had ferritin mean levels of 56 and hemoglobin levels of 15.4 while the control group had ferritin mean levels of 108 and hemoglobin levels of 15.9. Caution about frequent blood donations: The study presented evidence that donating blood more than once or twice per year can significantly deplete iron stores and can lead to anemia. Moreover, the medical industry relies on donations of a healthy supply of blood rich in iron, so certain donors (especially those who donate frequently) might not be eligible for repeat donations. Likewise, measuring the hemoglobin level only might not be a reliable indicator of a person being suitable for blood donation or not. The ferritin levels should also be taken into account to prevent anemia in various donors. Is supplementing with iron a solution for low iron/ ferritin caused by frequent blood donations? This is a good question, but the answer might not be that simple. It is a well-known fact that supplementing with iron should be done carefully since too much iron in the bloodstream can cause damage to organs and tissues. Additionally, those patients who have family members with cancer might not be eligible for iron supplementation. Speaking with a doctor before taking iron supplements is the best thing to do.   Buy a low cost testosterone test    References: Ohlander et al. Sex Med Rev 2018; 6:77-85 Yousef and Alkhiary, J Sleep Disord Ther 2015, 4:2

Understanding Your CBC Blood Test Results Key Highlights A complete blood count (CBC) test measures various components of your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets- The results of a CBC can provide valuable information about your overall health and help detect blood disorders or immune responses. Understanding your CBC results is important for interpreting your blood count, including the normal range for each component. The test requires a blood sample, but there is no special preparation needed, and the procedure is relatively low-risk. Interpreting your CBC results can help identify any abnormalities in your blood count, such as low or high levels of red or white blood cells, which may indicate certain health conditions. Introduction A CBC blood test, also known as a complete blood count, is a commonly performed lab test that provides valuable information about your blood health. By measuring various components of your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a CBC test can help detect and monitor a wide range of health conditions. Understanding your CBC results can provide insights into your overall health and help identify any abnormalities in your blood count, including potential issues with your blood vessels. Blood plays a vital role in your body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to different tissues and organs while removing waste products. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells play an important role in the immune response, and platelets help with blood clotting. By analyzing the levels of these different blood components, a CBC test can provide important information about your health. During a CBC test, a small sample of blood is taken from your vein, typically from your arm. The sample is then collected into a test tube or vial and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results of the CBC test are usually available within a few days and are presented in the form of a blood count report. This process involves only a small amount of blood and typically takes less than five minutes. Understanding the components analyzed in a CBC test and their reference ranges can help you interpret your results and gain insights into your blood health. It's crucial to remember that a healthcare professional should interpret your CBC results after taking into account your medical history, symptoms, and other factors, such as the possibility of mild anemia. Overview of CBC Blood Test A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that measures several components of your blood to assess your overall health and detect any abnormalities. It is one of the most frequently ordered blood tests and provides valuable information about your blood count, including the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. To perform a CBC, a healthcare provider will draw a small sample of blood from your vein, typically from your arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The CBC test measures the number of red blood cells (RBC count), white blood cells, and platelets in your blood, as well as other parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The number of red blood cells in your blood, also known as the red blood cell count, indicates the number of oxygen-carrying cells in your body. White blood cells play a crucial role in your immune system, fighting off infections and diseases. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding. In addition to the cell counts, a CBC also provides information about the size, shape, and concentration of your red blood cells. These parameters can help identify specific blood disorders, such as anemia or leukemia. Overall, a CBC is a valuable tool for healthcare providers to assess your overall health and monitor any changes in your blood count. It is commonly used in routine check-ups, as well as to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions. The Importance of CBC Tests in Health Monitoring CBC tests play a crucial role in monitoring your overall health and detecting various blood disorders. By measuring the different components of your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a CBC test can provide valuable information about your immune response and potential health issues. Monitoring your blood count through CBC tests can help identify abnormalities that may indicate the presence of an infection, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions. For example, a low white blood cell count, also known as leukopenia, may suggest a weakened immune system, making you more susceptible to infections and signs of infection. On the other hand, a high white blood cell count, known as leukocytosis, may indicate an ongoing infection or an inflammatory condition. Additionally, factors like poor diet and nutrition, alcohol abuse, or autoimmune diseases can contribute to a decreased WBC count, also known as leukopenia. Understanding the results of your CBC test, including a decreased WBC count, is crucial for monitoring your overall health. CBC tests can also help diagnose and monitor blood disorders such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. Abnormalities in red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, or platelet count can provide insights into these conditions. Regular CBC tests as part of your health monitoring routine can help detect potential issues early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. It is important to discuss your CBC results with your healthcare provider to fully understand their implications and take appropriate actions if necessary. What Components are Analyzed in a CBC? A complete blood count (CBC) analyzes various components of your blood to assess your overall health and detect any abnormalities. The main components analyzed in a CBC include: Red blood cell count: This measures the number of red blood cells in your blood, which carry oxygen to your body's tissues. Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen. It is responsible for the red color of blood. Hematocrit: This measures the percentage of red blood cells in your total blood volume. White blood cell count: White blood cells are part of your immune system and help fight off infections and diseases. Platelet count: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. These components are analyzed to assess your blood count and identify any abnormalities that may indicate underlying health conditions. The results of a CBC test, along with your medical history and symptoms, can help healthcare providers make an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Preparing for Your CBC Test Preparing for a CBC test is usually straightforward and typically does not require any special preparation. However, there may be some specific instructions or fasting requirements, depending on your healthcare provider's recommendations. It is important to follow any instructions given to ensure accurate test results. In general, you do not need to fast before a CBC test, unless your healthcare provider specifically instructs you to do so. Fasting requirements may be necessary for certain blood tests, but for a CBC, it is usually not required. You can eat and drink normally before the test. If you have any concerns or questions about the preparation for your CBC test, it is best to consult with your healthcare provider or the laboratory conducting the test for specific instructions. Steps to Take Before Your Test Before your CBC test, it is important to follow any special instructions given by your healthcare provider. These instructions may vary depending on your specific situation and any underlying health conditions you may have. Here are some general steps to take before your test: Consult with your healthcare provider: Talk to your healthcare provider about the purpose of the test and any specific instructions you need to follow. Provide relevant medical information: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications, supplements, or medical conditions you have that may affect the test results. Follow fasting instructions (if applicable): If fasting is required for your CBC test, follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Fasting usually involves avoiding food and drinks, except for water, for a certain period before the test. Arrive on time: Make sure to arrive at the designated location on time for your blood draw. It is important to be well-rested and relaxed before the test to minimize any discomfort. By following these steps and any additional instructions provided by your healthcare provider, you can ensure accurate and reliable CBC test results. Understanding Fasting Requirements Fasting requirements for a CBC test are usually not necessary. Unlike certain blood tests that require fasting to obtain accurate results, a CBC test can be performed without fasting. Fasting refers to abstaining from food and beverages, except for water, for a specific period of time before a blood test. Fasting is typically required for tests that measure glucose levels, cholesterol levels, or certain hormones. However, a CBC test primarily focuses on assessing the count and characteristics of blood cells, which are not significantly affected by food or beverages consumed. It is important to always follow the specific fasting requirements given by your healthcare provider before a blood test to ensure accurate results. If your healthcare provider has not specifically instructed you to fast before your CBC test, you should not need to do so. It is important to follow the specific instructions given by your healthcare provider to ensure accurate and reliable test results. Interpreting Your CBC Results Interpreting your CBC results can provide valuable insights into your blood count and overall health. The results of a CBC test are typically presented in the form of a blood count report, which includes various parameters and reference ranges for each component analyzed. Reference ranges are used to determine whether your blood count falls within normal limits. Deviations from the reference ranges may indicate potential health issues or abnormalities. It is important to keep in mind that reference ranges can vary slightly among different laboratories, as some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Your healthcare provider will explain the significance of your specific results in relation to the normal value ranges. For example, a low red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, or hematocrit level may indicate anemia, which can result from blood loss, bone marrow failure, or other medical conditions. On the other hand, a high red blood cell count may suggest polycythemia vera or other underlying conditions. High red blood cell count is common in men with high hematocrit on testosterone replacement therapy. A healthcare provider should interpret your CBC results because it requires medical expertise. They will consider your complete medical history, symptoms, and other factors to accurately interpret your results and determine the appropriate course of action if necessary. What Do High or Low CBC Blood Test Levels Indicate? High or low levels of certain components in your CBC results can indicate various health conditions. Here are some examples: High red blood cell count: A high red blood cell count may indicate polycythemia vera, a condition characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells. It can also be a sign of underlying medical conditions, such as lung or heart disease. Low red blood cell count: A low red blood cell count may indicate anemia, which can result from blood loss, bone marrow failure, or other medical conditions. Low white blood cell count: A low white blood cell count, also known as leukopenia, can be a sign of a weakened immune system or certain medical conditions, such as bone marrow failure or autoimmune diseases. High white blood cell count: A high white blood cell count, also known as leukocytosis, can indicate an infection, inflammation, or other underlying medical conditions. Low platelet count: A low platelet count, also known as thrombocytopenia, can lead to increased bleeding or difficulty with blood clotting. High platelet count: A high platelet count, also known as thrombocytosis, can be associated with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, inflammation, or infection. It's important to remember that interpreting CBC results requires medical expertise. Your healthcare provider will provide further explanation and guidance based on your specific results and medical history. What are Red Blood Cell Indexes Included in the CBC Blood Test? Red Blood Cell (RBC) indexes are parameters that provide information about the size, shape, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells. These indexes are commonly used in a complete blood count (CBC) to help diagnose various types of anemia and other blood disorders. The main RBC indexes include Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): MCV measures the average size of red blood cells. Abnormal MCV levels can indicate different types of anemia. For example, a low MCV may suggest iron deficiency anemia, while a high MCV could be a sign of vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency anemia. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): MCH calculates the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It helps in diagnosing conditions such as hyperchromic anemia or hypochromic anemia based on high or low MCH levels, respectively. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): MCHC shows how much hemoglobin is in a certain amount of packed red blood cells. It is useful in differentiating between types of anemia, such as hypochromic or hyperchromic anemias. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): RDW measures the variation in size and shape of red blood cells. High RDW values can indicate conditions like iron deficiency anemia or certain vitamin deficiencies. Interpreting RBC indexes alongside other CBC parameters can provide valuable insights into a patient's overall health and help healthcare providers make accurate diagnoses and treatment plans related to blood disorders and anemia. Differences in Results Based on Age and Sex The results of a CBC blood test can vary based on factors such as age and sex. For example, red blood cell indices, which measure the size and shape of red blood cells, can differ between males and females. In general, males tend to have slightly higher red blood cell counts compared to females. Additionally, certain white blood cell counts, such as lymphocytes, can vary depending on age. For instance, newborns typically have higher lymphocyte counts compared to adults. These differences are considered normal results and fall within the expected range of blood count results. Your healthcare provider will take these factors into consideration when interpreting your CBC blood test results. When Should You Get Retested? The frequency of CBC blood test retesting depends on various factors, including your overall health, the presence of any blood disorders, and the specific recommendations of your healthcare provider. In general, if you have a known blood disorder or are undergoing treatment for a specific condition, your healthcare provider may recommend more frequent CBC blood tests to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan if needed. Additionally, if you are experiencing symptoms such as persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or signs of infection, your healthcare provider may order a CBC blood test to investigate further, including signs of cancer. It's important to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations for retesting to ensure that any changes in your blood count are detected and properly managed. What Abnormal Results May Indicate Abnormal results from a CBC blood test can indicate various health conditions and may warrant further investigation. High red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, or hematocrit levels can be associated with conditions such as polycythemia vera or chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, low red blood cell counts can indicate anemia, which can result from factors such as blood loss, bone marrow failure, or certain chronic medical conditions. Abnormal white blood cell counts, either high or low, can be indicative of infections, autoimmune diseases, or bone marrow disorders. Additionally, high RBC levels can also be a result of conditions such as dehydration, kidney disease, or low oxygen levels in the blood. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood can also be a result of certain medical conditions, such as respiratory alkalosis or metabolic acidosis. It's important to note that abnormal results alone do not provide a definitive diagnosis but serve as a starting point for further evaluation. Your healthcare provider will consider your symptoms, medical history, and other diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of any abnormal CBC results. Common Conditions Diagnosed with CBC A CBC blood test can help diagnose and monitor various health conditions. One common condition that can be detected through a CBC is anemia, which can result from factors such as blood loss, iron deficiency, or chronic medical conditions. Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can also be identified through abnormal CBC results. Additionally, bone marrow disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes or aplastic anemia, can be diagnosed through changes in the blood cell counts observed in a CBC. By detecting these different health conditions early, a CBC can aid in prompt treatment and management, improving overall health outcomes. The CBC test identifies and counts the 7 types of cells found in the blood, including red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets. Conclusion In conclusion, understanding your CBC blood test results is crucial for monitoring your health and detecting potential issues early on. By familiarizing yourself with the components analyzed in a CBC and interpreting the results, you can take proactive steps towards maintaining your well-being. Remember to discuss your results with a healthcare provider for further guidance on any necessary lifestyle changes or treatments. Regular monitoring through CBC tests can provide valuable insights into your overall health status, allowing for timely interventions if needed. Stay informed and prioritize your health by staying updated on your CBC test results. Frequently Asked Questions What is a CBC blood test and why is it important? A CBC blood test, or Complete Blood Count test, measures various components of blood like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps diagnose conditions like anemia or infection and provides valuable insights into overall health by indicating any abnormalities in blood cell counts. How Often Should I Have a CBC Blood Test? The frequency of CBC blood tests can vary depending on your age, overall health, and any underlying medical conditions. In general, a CBC is often part of a routine checkup, and the frequency can range from annually to every few years. Additionally, individuals with certain blood disorders or ongoing health concerns may require more frequent CBC tests to monitor their condition. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate testing schedule based on your specific health needs. Can CBC Results Detect Cancer? CBC blood test results can provide valuable information that may indicate the presence of cancer. Abnormalities in certain blood cell counts or ratios can raise suspicion and warrant further investigation. However, a CBC alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. Additional diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies or biopsies, are typically required to confirm a cancer diagnosis. It's important to discuss any concerns or suspicions with your healthcare provider, who can guide you through the appropriate diagnostic process.