Libido Options for Men

Estrogen in Men: Myths and Realities of High Estradiol In men, the liver, fat cells, and other cells aromatize testosterone to produce estradiol, which is a hormone that is more prevalent in women than in men. Estradiol is responsible for healthy bone density and cholesterol, but its role in men’s sex drive, body composition, and other variables is a source of great debate. It is crucial to understand that estrogen plays a significant role in male reproductive health, particularly in the processes of sperm production and maturation within the testes. Many men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) initially fear high estradiol levels since they fear it causes water retention and gynecomastia. However, it is important to note that fat cells play a significant role in the production of aromatase, which can lead to higher levels of estradiol in the body. Below, we will discuss why most men on TRT do not have to be overly concerned about the estradiol lab ranges that are ill-fitted for men on TRT, as the ranges of LabCorp and Quest were not derived from a dataset of men on TRT who usually have higher total testosterone blood levels. What is Estradiol and Why is it Important for Men's Health? Estradiol is a type of estrogen hormone that plays a crucial role in men’s health. Often referred to as a 'female sex hormone,' estradiol also plays a crucial role in male health. It helps regulate bone density, cognitive function, libido, and mood. However, high levels of estradiol in men can lead to negative effects like decreased muscle mass, increased body fat, and hormonal imbalances. Men’s liver, fat, and other cells aromatize testosterone to produce estradiol, a hormone that is more prevalent in women than in men. Estradiol is responsible for healthy bone density and cholesterol, but its role in men’s sex drive, body composition, and other variables is a source of great debate. Many men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) initially fear high levels of estradiol since they fear it causes water retention and gynecomastia. We will talk about why most men on TRT do not need to worry too much about the estradiol lab ranges that do not work well for them because LabCorp and Quest did not get their ranges from a group of men on TRT who usually have higher total testosterone blood levels. High levels of estradiol in men are associated with abdominal obesity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. What is High Estradiol?: Predicted Blood Levels in Young and Older Men on TRT Transcript of video below: There needs to be more clarity on the subject since LabCorp and Quest have very narrow, sensitive estradiol test ranges. Those estradiol test ranges were primarily derived from men not on testosterone replacement therapy. Men on TRT tend to have higher testosterone levels than men not on testosterone replacement. So, believe it or not, a paper published many years ago predicts estradiol and DHT levels in men given different doses of testosterone. This study examined what happens to blood levels of testosterone, estradiol, and DHT when injecting different testosterone doses in young and older men. This study was very nicely done at the Boston University School of Medicine by well-known testosterone researchers. Dr. Basin is one of them and has done excellent work for the last 30 years. Video: How to Predict High Estradiol in Men Testosterone is the precursor hormone for estradiol. The aromatization of testosterone in the liver, fat, and other cells, including the testes, results in estradiol, a hormone that is more prevalent in women than men. Nature created it for a reason. It is responsible for healthy bone density and cholesterol, but its role in men's sex drive, body composition, and other variables is a source of great debate. Many anti-aging or men's health clinics prescribe aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to men who start testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Higher estradiol blood levels in the presence of low testosterone can cause breast tissue growth (gynecomastia) in some men and possibly other issues. Some people speculate that high estradiol levels can also lead to difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, but no scientific papers have been published on this subject. Since higher testosterone blood levels can result in higher estradiol levels in men, the belief is that using an AI will prevent breast tissue growth and erectile dysfunction by lowering any potential increase in estradiol. However, we have no data on how high is too high when it comes to this hormone in men using testosterone therapy. Emerging data show that low testosterone-to-estradiol ratios may correlate more closely to infertility, gynecomastia, and erectile problems than high estradiol levels alone. The truth about these speculations is starting to emerge, but we still need more data to say what the upper value of the optimal range of estradiol in men is. We have a lot of evidence about the lower side of the optimal range since it has been found that estradiol blood levels below 10–20 pg/mL can increase bone loss in men. A recently published study also nicely demonstrated that low estradiol could be associated with higher fat mass and lower sexual function in men. So, be careful when a clinic wants to put you on an aromatase inhibitor without first justifying its use. Increased Aromatase Activity and the Role of Aromatase Inhibitors in Men Aromatase is an enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol, a form of estrogen. Germ cells, along with Leydig cells, are significant sources of estrogen production in the testes. In men, aromatase activity is typically low, but certain conditions can increase it, a process known as aromatase overexpression. This can lead to higher levels of estradiol in the body, which can have negative effects like decreased libido and muscle mass in the adult male. However, some studies suggest that moderate increases in estradiol may have cardiovascular benefits. One condition that can increase aromatase activity and therefore estradiol levels is aromatase excess syndrome, a genetic condition that affects both males and females. It’s important for men to maintain healthy levels of both testosterone and estradiol, and understanding the role of the aromatase enzyme, especially in conditions like aromatase excess syndrome, is crucial in managing estradiol levels. Estradiol in Men After Different Testosterone Doses: Study Details This study's findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism in 2010. The fantastic thing is that nobody has reviewed it, even though it's probably the most important paper on what happens to estradiol and DHT in men on TRT. The study enrolled 51 young men aged 19 to 35 and 52 older men aged 59 to 75. These men were given a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to shut down their gonadotropins, LH and FSH, testosterone, estradiol, and DHT. So, these were courageous volunteers who were willing to have their hormones wholly shut down. So, why did they do this? They did it because the researcher wanted to start from zero regarding hormones. So, those men were given injections of different doses of testosterone enanthate, 25, 50, 125, 300, and up to 600 milligrams a week for five months. And the researchers measured the testosterone, estradiol, and DHT blood levels. Unfortunately, they used the old estradiol test based on immunoassay. This estradiol test may not be the best for accurate estradiol testing. The use of an ultra-sensitive estradiol test is more accurate since it has no interference from CRP or inflammatory markers Usually, the sensitive estradiol is 20% lower than the estradiol levels measured by the old test. Let's assume that most of these men did not have inflammation. Here are their baseline characteristics. Interestingly, they were even exposed to such high doses of testosterone. So, after a four-week controlled period, they were given a testosterone blocker, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that shuts down gonadotropins. This drug is used to treat prostate cancer. They were randomized to receive weekly injections of testosterone enanthate for 20 weeks. The researchers found an issue with the higher testosterone dose in older men, with a few more side effects. They stopped a few men from continuing with the 600 milligrams of testosterone weekly. And then the randomization was limited to 25, 50, 125, and 300 milligrams of testosterone injections weekly. I've warned people not to use high testosterone doses, especially older people with comorbidities and heart problems. Increased blood pressure and tachycardia are some of the side effects listed in the study paper. So, what you see here are serum estradiol E2:T ratios. We talk about ratios on ExcelMale.com. Here are the opposite DHT and T ratios from what I typically talk about when dividing T by E2. And the black bars are younger men, and the white bars are older men. So, this is total estradiol, free estradiol, total DHT, and free DHT. And when we talk about free, what does that mean? It is the unbound estradiol and unbound DHT that aren't bound by sex hormone-binding globulin. And those two free estradiol and free DHT tests are rarely tested in clinics. DiscountedLabs.com does provide a free estradiol test for those who are interested. But since there are no studies about free estradiol blood levels in men, it's hard to say what a good free estradiol level is. High Estradiol in Men on TRT Most men on TRT initially fear high estradiol since they fear it causes water retention and gynecomastia. While high estradiol levels in men can cause gynecomastia, in women, similar hormonal imbalances are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. They feel puffy; they may have more sensitive nipples. I will discuss this in another video because those symptoms are usually not connected to high estradiol per se when men have moderate to high testosterone levels. The most common cause of edema, or the problem of holding onto water weight, is a slowdown in sodium metabolism in the kidneys brought on by testosterone and androgens. Sodium (salt) retention happens in the first few weeks, especially with higher TRT doses in older men. The stimulating effects of testosterone may be to blame for the sensitive nipple issue, which typically does not cause gynecomastia. However, it is important to note that symptoms of high estrogen in men can also include swelling or enlargement of breast tissue, erectile dysfunction, infertility, depression, and delayed puberty. So, as you can tell, total E2, free E estradiol, and DHT increase with increasing testosterone doses, and this increase is much more pronounced in older men. It’s good to mention that these volunteers were not fat men. The increased fat mass has been linked to increased estradiol levels, which are often measured through body mass index (BMI). These are men with a BMI of around 26, which is not a high number. But anyway, we do see an increase. And older men, in white, tend to have a higher estradiol increase. DHT is the same thing. Although the differences were not as noted between young and old, you can tell here the free DHT. When you divide estradiol into testosterone, that’s when you see a decrease. Estradiol increases to a higher degree than testosterone, so the ratio of E2 divided by T decreases. The total DHT to T ratio is the same; it decreases as we increase the testosterone dose, but not as fast as the estradiol. It is essential to mention that 0.3% to 0.4% of testosterone is aromatized into estradiol. That’s a very tiny amount; that’s 0.4%. The conversion of testosterone to DHT by 5 alpha-reductase is around 10%. That’s why you see the scales a little more prominent on the DHT side. What to Know About Estrogen in Men Estrogen is commonly associated with women, but men also have this hormone in their bodies. The testes and adrenal glands are primarily responsible for producing estrogen in a male body. Estradiol is a type of estrogen that plays an important role in maintaining bone health, regulating cholesterol levels, and supporting brain function. Low levels of estradiol in men can contribute to a variety of health issues, such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and osteoporosis. It's important for men to understand their hormonal balance, including their levels of estradiol, and work with a healthcare provider to address any imbalances or concerns related to erectile function and hormone balance. Buy an affordable, ultrasensitive estradiol test:   Understanding Androgens and Estrogens Estradiol is a type of estrogen that is found in both men and women. While it is often associated with female reproductive health, estradiol plays an important role in male health as well. Estrogens influence male reproductive function by maintaining a hormonal balance between estrogens and androgens, which is crucial for male fertility. In fact, it is responsible for regulating bone density, cholesterol levels, and even mood. When there is high estradiol in men, it can lead to a variety of health problems. Understanding the balance between androgens (male hormones) and estrogens (female hormones) is crucial for sexual development and maintaining optimal health for both men and women, especially in relation to the menstrual cycle. Risk Factors of Having High Estradiol in Men Estrogen is often associated with females, but it also plays a crucial role in men's health. High or low levels of estrogen in males can have negative impacts on their overall health. Men who have higher than normal levels of estrogen, also known as estrogen, may experience breast enlargement, erectile dysfunction, infertility, and other issues. On the other hand, men with lower than normal levels of estrogen may experience decreased bone density, muscle mass, and sex drive. It is important for men to maintain balanced estrogen levels through proper diet, exercise, and medical treatment if necessary. However, it is important to note that too much estrogen, also known as high levels of estrogen, can also be harmful to men's health, and it is important for individuals to monitor their estrogen levels and consult with a doctor if they have any concerns. How Men Can Keep Their Estrogen Levels Balanced Estrogen is typically associated with women, but men also have this hormone in their bodies. Estradiol is the most potent form of estrogen in men and plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density, sperm production, and sexual function. However, too much or too little estradiol can cause various health problems. Men can keep their estrogen levels balanced by maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding exposure to environmental toxins, managing stress levels, and getting enough sleep. A balanced diet rich in fiber and phytoestrogens, along with proper monitoring and control through hormone replacement therapy, may also help regulate estrogen levels in men, ensuring healthy sperm production. Normal Estrogen Levels in Men Estrogen is often thought of as a female hormone. However, it's also present in men, just at lower levels. One type of estrogen found in men is estradiol. Normal levels of estradiol in men vary depending on age and other factors. In general, levels range from 10 to 60 pg/mL. If levels are too high or too low, it can lead to health issues such as osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, and mood changes. Men should discuss their estrogen levels with their healthcare provider to ensure they are within a healthy range for their age and overall health status. This includes monitoring the amount of estrogen in their body, as there are two main types of estrogen in men: estrone and estradiol, and an imbalance of these hormones can have negative effects on their health. Gynecomastia and High Estradiol in Men Gynecomastia is a condition that causes men to develop breast tissue. Studies on male mice, such as αERKO and ArKO models, highlight the effects of estrogen deficiencies on sexual behavior and fertility. One of the underlying causes of gynecomastia is an imbalance of hormones, including estradiol. Estradiol is a form of estrogen that is typically found at higher levels in women. However, men also have small amounts of estradiol in their bodies. When the balance between estradiol and testosterone is disrupted, it can lead to the development of breast tissue in men. Treatment for gynecomastia may involve addressing the hormonal imbalance through medication or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. You can buy a gynecomastia lab test panel on Discounted Labs. Low Estradiol Can Cause Loss of Libido and Erectile Dysfunction One of the significant impacts of estradiol deficiency in men is the loss of libido. Low levels of estradiol can lead to decreased sex drive, which can cause problems in relationships and affect overall quality of life. However, it's essential to note that there are other factors that can impact libido as well, such as stress, depression, low testosterone levels, and a lack of sexual activity. If you're experiencing a loss of libido, it's important to talk to your doctor to determine the underlying cause and discuss possible treatment options. A Study Helps to Predict Normal Estradiol and DHT Test Levels in Men on TRT Most men on TRT don't have to be so concerned about the LabCorp or Quest estradiol ranges that usually scare people because they're always high. And there is statistical significance in the baseline values of young and older men. DHT increases were higher in older men. In younger men, usually, that's also connected to total testosterone and is also related to higher libido. Older men had lower DHT, which was also linked to their lower testosterone. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is also higher in older men. The researchers in this study came up with a model with factors to predict the estradiol and DHT response curves. They provided two equations for young men (estradiol and DHT) and two for older men. Using those equations, you can roughly estimate the predicted estradiol and DHT levels for different testosterone blood levels. These equations enable us to see what is considered a “normal” estradiol level instead of using estradiol lab ranges that are ill-fitted for men on TRT. As previously mentioned, the estradiol ranges of LabCorp and Quest were not derived from a dataset of men on TRT who usually have total testosterone blood levels over 600 ng/dL (many men on TRT have T levels of 1000 ng/dL or more!). The Importance of Preserving Proper Levels of Estradiol in Men Our bodies transform 0.4% of testosterone into estradiol to balance the potentially negative effects of testosterone alone on lipids and other variables. If you have “high” testosterone, your estradiol should be “high.” Treating that estradiol with an aromatase inhibitor may not be needed and can potentially crash your estradiol level. Estradiol has essential roles in men, including the regulation of hormone levels. Estradiol comes in to protect us from higher testosterone and helps improve lipids, HDL, and endothelial function. Women tend to live longer than men because they have more estrogen to protect them against the cardiovascular risks we are all exposed to. So, don't freak out when you see the 60s, even in the 70s, depending on how high your testosterone is. And the only problem we're having in this field is that we still need to do a study that goes after symptomology depending on estradiol blood levels when we control testosterone. We know that estradiol levels under 15 picograms per milliliter cause problems with bone density and even fat gain. Many members of ExcelMale.com say that their penile sensitivity decreases when they have low estradiol. We do not know what high estradiol in men means in relation to estradiol blood levels in relation to testosterone. Can high estradiol in men on TRT with relatively high testosterone blood levels cause issues? Is there a proper and healthy testosterone-to-estradiol ratio?. If somebody is, let's say, at 1,275 ng/dL of testosterone and 64 pg/mL of estradiol, is there any consequence to that? We don't know. And the problem I'm seeing is that most of you guys are assuming too much; you're assuming that because you're holding water or you have sensitive nipples, you have high estradiol. And you start treating with an AI without even testing your blood levels of estradiol, especially using the sensitive assay. That concerns me because once you start treating with an AI, you can crash your estradiol. “Crashed estradiol” has become one of the most significant traffic source keywords for ExcelMale because people are experiencing that more and more. I hope you enjoyed the presentation. Please remember to subscribe to the ExcelMale forum and the ExcelMale YouTube channel, and make sure that you click on that little bell that will tell you when I upload new videos. Thanks a lot, and stay safe. Estrogen Dominance and Hormonal Imbalance Estrogen dominance occurs when there is an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels in the body. This hormonal imbalance can lead to a range of symptoms, including weight gain, mood swings, and decreased libido. Men experiencing estrogen dominance may notice an increase in body fat, particularly around the abdomen, and may struggle with emotional changes such as irritability or depression. Additionally, estrogen dominance can negatively impact overall health by contributing to conditions like insulin resistance and cardiovascular issues. Maintaining a proper balance between estrogen and testosterone is crucial for optimal health and well-being. Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Environmental Toxins Endocrine disruptors and environmental toxins can significantly impact estrogen levels and overall health. These substances, found in everyday items like plastics, pesticides, and personal care products, can mimic the effects of estrogen in the body, leading to hormonal imbalances. When these toxins enter the body, they can bind to estrogen receptors, disrupting the natural hormonal balance and potentially causing a range of health problems. It’s essential to be aware of these environmental toxins and take steps to minimize exposure, such as choosing organic foods, using natural personal care products, and avoiding plastic containers. Other Non-Reproductive Effects of High Estrogen High estrogen levels can have a range of non-reproductive effects on the body, impacting various aspects of health and well-being. Some of the common non-reproductive effects include: Weight gain and obesity: Elevated estrogen levels can lead to increased body fat, particularly around the abdomen, contributing to obesity. Mood swings and emotional changes: High estrogen can cause mood swings, irritability, and even depression. Fatigue and low energy: Men with high estrogen levels may experience chronic fatigue and a general lack of energy. Insomnia and sleep disturbances: Hormonal imbalances can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and poor sleep quality. Skin problems: High estrogen levels can cause skin issues such as acne and rosacea, affecting overall skin health. Maintaining balanced estrogen levels is essential for overall health and well-being, and addressing any hormonal imbalances can help alleviate these symptoms. Foods that Lower Estrogen: Cruciferous Vegetables and Sulforaphane Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, are known for their ability to help lower estrogen levels in the body. These vegetables contain a compound called sulforaphane, which has been shown to support the detoxification of excess estrogen. Incorporating cruciferous vegetables into your diet can help maintain healthy estrogen levels and support overall hormonal balance. Additionally, these vegetables are rich in fiber and other essential nutrients, making them a valuable addition to a healthy diet. By including more cruciferous vegetables in your meals, you can naturally help regulate estrogen levels and promote better health. Buy an affordable, ultrasensitive estradiol test:   I hope you enjoyed the presentation. Please remember to subscribe to the ExcelMale forum and the ExcelMale YouTube channel, and make sure that you click on that little bell that will tell you when I upload new videos. Thanks a lot, and stay safe. More information about high estradiol in men Citations Understanding Blood Test Results: Estradiol (Male) Aromatase Inhibitors in Men: Mechanisms and Benefits Aromatase Inhibitors: No More, No Less Estrogen in Men: Understanding Its Role and Effects The Role of Estradiol in Male Reproductive Health Effects of Estrogen on Men's Health Estrogen in Men: What You Need to Know Estrogen's Impact on Men's Health: A Scientific Study When to Take Anastrozole with Testosterone Estrogen and Male Health: Research Findings The Role of Estrogen in Men's Health When to Use Aromatase Inhibitor with TRT What Causes High Estradiol Levels in Males?  

Historically, when we think of sex hormones in men and women, we identify testosterone as the core regulator of orderly male growth and sexual function. In a similar fashion, we identify estrogens as central to regulating sexual and reproductive function, along with a host of non-reproductive functions in women. 17ß-Estradiol or E2, the principal form of estrogen, is also produced in significant quantities in males. Research over the last two decades has demonstrated that estrogens can play a pivotal role in regulating male sex drive, erectile function, spermatogenesis, and can also be responsible for body fat distribution, bone density, and overall morbidity and mortality. High estradiol, however, is known to cause breast tissue growth (gynecomastia) and water retention in men with low testosterone. Because of this dynamic, regulation of the balance of testosterone and estradiol in men is paramount. Although there is evidence to suggest that lower levels of estradiol (10-20 pg/ml) can increase bone loss, the impact of high levels of estrogen on male reproductive function and other morbid conditions is complex, and it is difficult to discern upper values for the optimal range where deleterious effects begin to occur. The impact of both estrogen deficiency and excess remains controversial. We present here a background of estradiol in men along with studies that highlight the importance of estrogen in male physiology.   Video: Increased Estradiol Improved Sex Drive in Men   Estradiol in Men: Background As early as the 1930s, it was known that the male testis was responsive to estrogen and that exposure to high doses of estrogens causes developmental abnormalities. It was also speculated that the source of estrogen in males was the conversion from testosterone, which at the time was still considered the main “male hormone.” It wasn’t until the 1950s that conversion of testosterone to estrogen became well-documented. In the following decades, it became well-established that males produced significant quantities of estrogens and males of multiple species had quantifiable amounts of circulating estradiol that was synthesized in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. In females, ovaries are the main source of circulating estrogens and regulate many facets of the female reproductive system. In males, it has been shown that the testes only produce approximately 20% of circulating estrogens, with the remainder being produced in tissues such as adipose, brain, bone, and skin, which convert testosterone to estrogens through the aromatase cytochrome P450. The diffuse pattern of estrogen production in men meant that there was no simple means to produce an estrogen-deficient state in the male comparable to an ovariectomized female. Thus, the role of estradiol and estrogen signaling in the normal male remained elusive due to a shortage of clear endpoints for estrogen action, as well as a lack of a good experimental model to approach the problem. One significant advancement in the field came in the 1970s when it was demonstrated that the testes were the major source of estrogens in men. Biochemical analysis on aromatization of androgens to estrogens and protein labeling studies for localization of estrogen receptors (ER) and the conversion enzyme aromatase in the testis were utilized to further characterize the system. New developments in the ‘80s and ‘90s led to the hypothesis that estrogen and its α-receptor were “essential” for normal fertility. Because of this, the interest in the implications of estrogen signaling in the male reproductive system increased toward the end of the century. Work over the last two decades in genetically modified mouse models, and the discovery of natural mutations in men helped to make major advances in the investigation of estrogen physiology in men. Studies further revealed that estrogens are critical for normal development and function of male reproductive and nonreproductive organs.   Sex Steroids and the Male Libido As mentioned earlier, testosterone has long been identified as the dominant sex hormone in men, and we now know that estradiol, previously thought to be only a female hormone, also plays a critical role in modulating libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis. The extent of this role, however, is unclear and remains the subject of debate. There is an abundance of estrogen receptors, as well as aromatase in organs important to sexual function such as the brain, penis, and testis. Estradiol, therefore, can affect libido at multiple stages. Studies have indicated that decreased testosterone is associated with low libido in males. In these men, administration of exogenous estradiol can improve libido. It is known that higher testosterone levels in men can prompt higher estradiol levels through conversion of androgens like testosterone to estradiol. In male hypogonadism, a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone, testosterone replacement (or supplementation) therapy can improve quality of life. Testosterone therapy is prescribed for millions of men and the numbers are increasing yearly. Currently, testosterone therapy is more often used in patients with non-specific symptoms, such as sexual function and fatigue, when lab levels of testosterone fall below a certain criterion (2 standard deviations below the mean value for health young adults). Although the measure is helpful, it fails to address the physiological changes at certain testosterone levels or potential role of the associated decline in estrogens that may occur in androgen deficiency. Effect of Testosterone and Estradiol on Men's Libido: In an innovative study to address these concerns, one group recruited healthy males to determine the point at which undesirable changes begin to occur with testosterone deficiency, estrogen deficiency or both and whether these changes were androgen-dependent, estrogen-dependent or a combination of the two.(Finkelstein et al. 2013) 2 groups of males (20 to 50 years of age) with normal testosterone levels were given goserelin acetate (to suppress endogenous testosterone and estradiol) and randomly assigned them to receive varying amounts of 1% testosterone gel (0g, 1.25g, 2.5g, 5g, or 10g) for 16 weeks. One group also received an aromatase inhibitor to suppress the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Over the 16-week period, changes in body fat percentage, lean mass, subcutaneous- and intraabdominal-fat areas, thigh-muscle area and strength, and sexual function were assessed. The findings of this study indicate that when estradiol production was intact, fat accumulation began with mild testosterone deficiency (about 300 to 350 ng per deciliter). Lean mass, thigh-muscle area, and muscle strength, however, were maintained until testosterone levels dropped below 200 ng per deciliter. Sexual desire and erectile function exhibited different patterns in response to changes in serum testosterone reduction. While changes in lean mass, thigh-muscle area, and leg-press strength were associated with variations in testosterone levels, changes in fat measures were associated with changes in estradiol levels. Also, both androgens and estrogens were responsible for the maintenance of libido and erectile function.   Low Estradiol and Fat Gain: Surprising Results This study provides important information regarding the interpretation of testosterone levels in young and middle-aged men. The authors indicate that the increases in intraabdominal fat with aromatase inhibition can foreshadow an increase in cardiovascular disease observed with long-term estrogen deficiency. Lastly, since lean mass, thigh-muscle area, and erectile function were reduced at a dose of testosterone that prompted a mean serum level of approximately 200 ng per deciliter (1.25g per day).   High Estrogen in Men: Studies In the past, there has been some concern with possible side effects of elevated estrogen levels (hyperestrogenism), such as fatigue, gynecomastia, diminished libido, and erectile dysfunction. A large retrospective study conducted at 35 Low T Centers sought to understand if there were predictive factors of patients who were more likely to develop high estradiol levels after testosterone replacement therapy. (Tan, Cook, and Reilly 2015) As part of the study, the researchers also incorporated the use of aromatase inhibitor (AI) such as anastrozole (Arimidex) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) such as tamoxifen (Nolvadex) to alleviate symptoms of hyperestrogenism. The trend in estradiol levels in the 4 age groups studied (<25, 25 to 44, 45 to 65, and >65 years) was analyzed. Estradiol was lowest in the <25 years age-group with a rise in the 2 middle age groups the gradually tapered in the oldest age group (>65 years). Much of the use of aromatase inhibitors was in the 2 middle age groups, resembling the prevalence of hyperestrogenism. Interestingly, it was determined that patients with lower estradiol (<42.6 pg/ml) had complaints of low libido. The authors also make note that despite the use of AI and SERM in 30% of the treatment population, side effects occurred in <1%. One additional study worth mentioning sought to determine the associations between serum testosterone, estradiol, and libido in men undergoing testosterone supplementation therapy for symptomatic hypogonadism (total testosterone <300 ng/dl and 3 or more symptoms on the Androgen Decline in Aging Male questionnaire [ADAM]). (Ramasamy et al. 2014) As part of the ADAM questionnaire, all men were asked to rate their libido on a 5-point scale. Men were categorized into low (<300 ng/dl) or high (>300 ng/dl) testosterone and low (0.5-5.0 ng/dl) and high (>5.0 ng/dl) estradiol. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), serum testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed to evaluate factors predicting libido. Men with high serum testosterone and estradiol levels reported greater libido. In total, 60.4% of men with both high serum testosterone and estradiol levels reported a very good to excellent levels of libido on their questionnaire. When analyzing the combined data, only estradiol at serum levels >5 ng/dl was associated with a greater libido. The authors indicate several limitations of the study and despite the lack of proper controls, a small sample size, and absence of score comparison before and after initiation of therapy, the study emphasizes the importance of estradiol in men on testosterone. Another recent study showed that change in estradiol level was the best predictor not only of the change in bone mineral density (BMD) and sexual desire.    Conclusions: In a review of the clinical implications of estrogens for sexual function and testosterone replacement therapy, one group notes that estrogens may contribute to the persistence of sexually stimulated erectile function when serum testosterone is severely depressed. Naturally occurring elevations in estradiol do not appear to be harmful, and the incidence of symptoms of excess estrogens are rare. They also add that the use of aromatase inhibitors is not recommended for long-term use and recommend against the use of aromatase inhibitors in men that experience positive effects from testosterone therapy despite elevated estradiol concentrations. When used, an aromatase inhibitor should be titrated so that estradiol levels remain above 40 pmol/L to preserve bone health. It is important to mention that levels of circulating sex hormones are highly regulated via feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and on a tissue level with aromatase activity. As levels change, the body compensates. Caution should be taken when testosterone is used pharmacologically. It is difficult to compare the response from patient to patient because of many contributing factors and levels of testosterone alone may not give a clear picture of an individual’s disposition.   References Cooke PS, Nanjappa MK, Ko C, Prins GS, Hess RA. Estrogens in Male Physiology. Physiol Rev. 2017 Jul 1;97(3):995-1043. Finkelstein JS, Yu EW, Burnett-Bowie SA. Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 19;369(25):2457. Tan RS, Cook KR, Reilly WG. High estrogen in men after injectable testosterone therapy: the low T experience. Am J Mens Health. 2015 May;9(3):229-34. Ramasamy R, Scovell JM, Kovac JR, Lipshultz LI. Elevated serum estradiol is associated with higher libido in men on testosterone supplementation therapy. Eur Urol. 2014 Jun;65(6):1224-5. Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM, Goemaere S, van Pottelberg I. Estradiol in elderly men. Aging Male. 2002 Jun;5(2):98-102. Kacker R, Traish AM, Morgentaler A. Estrogens in men: clinical implications for sexual function and the treatment of testosterone deficiency. J Sex Med. 2012 Jun;9(6):1681-96. Hess RA. Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2003. Rochira V, Granata AR, Madeo B, Zirilli L, Rossi G, Carani C. Estrogens in males: what have we learned in the last 10 years? Asian J Androl. 2005 Mar;7(1):3-20. Schulster M, Bernie AM, Ramasamy R. The role of estradiol in male reproductive function. Asian J Androl. 2016 May-Jun;18(3):435-40. Blakemore J, Naftolin F. Aromatase: Contributions to Physiology and Disease in Women and Men. Physiology (Bethesda). 2016 Jul;31(4):258-69.

Tired of being tired?: Get these fatigue lab tests to find out why Getting fatigued is a normal part of life, but certain people feel profound tiredness all the times. Scientists agree that during the evening when it’s time to go to bed, it is normal to feel tired and sleepy, but it’s not normal if you feel that way in the morning after 8 hours of sleep. Chronic fatigue can be a real problem, and it can stay in the way of living a productive and happy life. Other symptoms may be present along with this problem, and if it persists for an extended period of time, the person may develop more serious health conditions. Table of Contents Tired of being tired?: Get these fatigue lab tests to find out why How do I know I’m chronically fatigued?   How does a complete fatigue panel help me? What are the advantages of getting a fatigue lab test panel? How does this panel diagnose chronic fatigue? Thyroid tests Free T4 Test – this type of test looks at a hormone in the body called thyroxine (T4). Thyroxine is then converted to T3, a hormone that regulates body temperature, helps in producing energy, and monitors heart rate. Total and Free Testosterone Tests Anemia Tests   Glucose Tests   The importance of insulin in the body High sugar levels in the blood can cause multiple health problems Adrenal Glands Tests Immune system tests Iron tests FAQ Conclusion How do I know I’m chronically fatigued? Again, being tired all the time and feeling like your battery is in “low-power” mode constantly goes beyond a usual headache, sore muscles, or a temporary lack of concentration. You might be chronically fatigued if: · You start to develop muscle and joint pains · You feel tired even after a good night’s sleep · You lack energy, motivation, and you’d rather put your head on a pillow instead of doing something important · You have periodic mood swings · You have tried a plethora of energy drinks and drank multiple cups of coffee to no avail · You have mental fog most of the times · You feel exhausted, and even small physical efforts are difficult for you If you have one or more severe symptoms above, it is possible that you might be fatigued. This can happen because of a variety of reasons. For example, there might be hormonal deficiencies in your system which can render one unable to recover properly. The human body is extremely complex, and your fatigue problem might be difficult to spot at first. For example, some people might have low testosterone levels; others might encounter adrenal deficiencies or thyroid dysfunction. How does a complete fatigue panel help me? A complete fatigue panel is designed to analyze multiple hormones in the body to determine in which ones a person might be deficient. This can be done by drawing blood and saliva sample and sending them to a lab for complete analysis.   What are the advantages of getting a fatigue lab test panel? There are numerous benefits of getting a fatigue panel such as: · All-in-one testing procedure – the panel monitors the function of multiple organs and hormones such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, blood glucose, total and free testosterone, vitamin deficiencies, etc., so you don’t have to do these tests separately · Order online and get results by email – once you get the panel, you go to a lab to offer a blood sample and get the results back by email, usually in just a few business days · Get a free consultation with a physician – not everyone is trained to analyze blood results, so once you get those, you will visit a local physician who will take a look at the results and provide professional guidance and counsel based on these results · 100% confidential and secure – your results are not shared with anyone and ordering a fatigue panel online is completely safe and secure   How does this panel diagnose chronic fatigue? As mentioned earlier, a complete fatigue panel runs multiple tests to determine vitamin or hormone deficiencies in one’s body. Let’s take a closer look at these tests and learn more about them.   Thyroid tests The thyroid gland is situated in the neck, responsible forregulating countless hormones and substances in the body. If it doesn’t function correctly, the person in question might feel fatigued and lack motivation. Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland gets “lazy,” meaning it doesn’t produce the required amount of hormones for the body to function correctly. Peoplewith hypothyroidism might feel tired most of the time, which is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as weight changes, loss of appetite, and poor concentration. In some cases, people might also experience other symptoms such as hair loss (particularly the eyebrows), brittle nails, and a great sensitivity to cold temperatures. The fatigue panel you order will analyze the function of the thyroid and run tests such as TSH, Free T3, and Free T4: Free T4 Test – this type of test looks at a hormone in the body called thyroxine (T4). Thyroxine is then converted to T3, a hormone that regulates body temperature, helps in producing energy, and monitors heart rate. Peoplewith hypothyroidism might experience a decreased production of thyroxine, leading to excessive fatigue, lack of motivation, and other symptoms. TSH test – TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone, a type of hormone produced by the pituitary gland. The fatigue panel looks at the levels of TSH in your bloodstream to determine if you have too much or too little TSH. This hormone is essential because as its name implies, it stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T4 and T3 hormones. If the TSH levels are too high, the thyroid gland might work overtime, leading to thyroid dysfunction and fatigue. Free T3 Test – We talked about the T3 hormone earlier in the “Free T4 Test,” and learned that the T3 gets converted from T4. This hormone (T3) is also responsible for regulating the heart rate, body temperature, and other essential body functions. If the levels of unbound triiodothyronine (T3) are too low, this might result in excessive fatigue, which can last for weeks and even months. It is essential to mention here that a high-quality fatigue panel looks at the free levels of T3 in the body, not only at the total T3 levels because these are the most responsible for regulating energy and causing fatigue. Total and Free Testosterone Tests Testosterone is one of the most essential hormones in the body for men AND women. Today, it is a well-known fact that low testosterone levels are responsible for the lack of motivation, low energy, and even mild depression in some cases. Testosterone is available in 2 ways – free and bound to proteins. A high-quality fatigue panel looks at the total testosterone levels and free testosterone levels (unbound to proteins) to determine if this is indeed the leading cause of excessive tiredness in men and women. The total testosterone test measures the whole spectrum of testosterone in one’s body. This should be between 300 and 900 nanograms per deciliter of blood for men, but this depends on lifestyle, age, body composition, and other factors. When the total testosterone levels drop below 350 ng/dl, a condition known as hypogonadism develops. This diagnosis can be a severe cause of excessive fatigue and other symptoms and body changes such as lack of concentration and male breast development (gynecomastia). The free testosterone test looks specifically at unbound testosterone levels. It is important to measure those in particular because a low amount of them can account for excessive fatigue in men and women of all ages.   Anemia Tests Anemia is a severe problem which can become very dangerous for one's health if left untreated. As you probably already know, red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells, tissues, and organs throughout the body. Anemic people usually have too few red blood cells in the bloodstream. Too few red blood cells can cause various symptoms such as excessive tiredness, dizziness, irregular heartbeats, etc. The fatigue panel runs various tests to determine the level of hemoglobin in the body (a protein responsible for carrying oxygen) and analyze hematocrit values (the volume of red blood cells in the bloodstream). The hematocrit tests look at the percentage of red cells in the bloodstream. A small rate might be indicative of anemia as well as chronic fatigue. The hemoglobin tests measure the level of hemoglobin in the body. Again, if this protein is in small quantities, one can develop anemia. The Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) tests look at the size of the red blood cells. This is important because if the size of these cells is too small, this might result in iron deficiency. If the cells are too large, this might be linked to vitamin B6 or folic acid deficiency. The Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) values are also measured in conjunction with the MCV to determine the potential cause of anemia. Glucose Tests Just as cars need to burn fuel to move from one place to the other, your body also requires an adequate fuel supply to function correctly. If vehicles have gasoline, we humans have glucose (or sugar). Normal blood sugar levels help one have sufficient energy to get through the day. However, too much or too little blood sugar levels can lead to multiple severe health conditions and excessive fatigue. When the body detects a high amount of sugar in the bloodstream (particularly after eating meals full of carbs and fats, which are metabolized into glucose in the body), it will signal the pancreas to produce a hormone called insulin. The importance of insulin in the body Insulin acts as a locksmith that opens up cells, so they can absorb the excess glucose in the bloodstream and produce energy. When the blood sugar levels return to normal, the pancreas stops producing insulin, and the cycle repeats. However, when too much glucose is detected in the bloodstream regularly, the pancreas is forced to produce higher amounts of insulin which might then drop the sugar levels too low. As a result, your cells and organs won’t have as much fuel at their disposal, and you always feel tired. Furthermore, when there is an excessive amount of sugar in the blood for several years in a row, the cells in the body start to develop insulin resistance, meaning that they won’t “open up” as efficiently as before to absorb glucose and produce energy. This can lead to diabetes which is a severe medical condition.   High sugar levels in the blood can cause multiple health problems High amounts of glucose can also lead to other issues such as slow circulation, higher risk of inflammation in the body, less oxygen transported to cells, organs, etc. People who experience these symptoms are fatigued most of the time, despite having regular sleep schedules. Even those who have high blood sugar levels but do not have diabetes can still feel tired most of the time, compared with people with normal glucose levels. A fatigue panel is designed to test glucose levels and determines if one is predisposed to diabetes type I and II. Such tests also measure the average glycated hemoglobin levels (A1c), which are sugar-coated oxygen-carrying red blood cell proteins. A high level of these cells can indicate a predisposition to diabetes at some point in the future and can be linked to chronic fatigue.   Adrenal Glands Tests The adrenal glands are situated just on top of your kidneys and generate multiple important hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol. Think of them as responsible with the “fight or flight” response when you’re stressed out, scared, or excited. These glands are essential because if they don't function correctly, one can develop chronic fatigue and mild signs of depression. Studies show that approximately 40% of people over 60 have to deal with constant tiredness associated with reduced adrenal function. We all live stressful lives and have to juggle a thousand daily problems and responsibilities. This makes the adrenal glands pump a lot of cortisol and adrenaline into the body. Too many hormones can make someone feel very stressed, mildly depressed, and fatigued. Poor sleep quality can also worsen the problem because the adrenal glands tend to recover when the body is at rest. Most people don’t get enough sleep during the night, so these glands don’t get a chance to rejuvenate properly. Add periodic stimulants to the equation (alcohol and drugs), and the load on the adrenal glands can quickly become overwhelming. Adrenal problems don’t only translate into constant fatigue. Dizziness, poor concentration, anxiety and panic attacks, etc also accompany them. A complete fatigue panel looks at the hormones produced by the adrenal glands and determines if they are in sufficient quantities. For example: The DHEA test looks at the levels of DHEA-S in the body. This is an androgen hormone, and if it is in excessively high quantities, the person in question might suffer from adrenal hyperplasia. Similarly, if the levels of DHEA-S are insufficient, this can lead to chronic fatigue. The salivary cortisol test is also essential in determining the differences in cortisol levels at different moments of the day. Patients will be asked to collect four saliva samples during the day, and this will indicate whether the adrenal glands function correctly or they produce too much cortisol regularly.   Immune system tests As you probably already know, the immune system is responsible for neutralizing viruses and bacteria which get in the body so you don’t get sick all the time. It relies on a series of cells, such as the T cells and other hormones, to identify viruses and eliminate them before they get a chance to multiply. An immune system that functions properly requires energy.Suppose there is too much inflammation in the body (as a result of injury, being exposed to a lot of viruses and toxins, etc.). In that case, this system will work overtime to protect your health, and it will consume vast amounts of energy, leaving you tired and in a bad mood. A complete fatigue panel includes tests that measure the number of white cells in the bloodstream. These cells are responsible for neutralizing viruses and bacteria as well. In some rare cases, the bone marrow might not produce sufficient white cells, which can signify a more severe problem.   Iron tests Iron is an essential element in the body, as it produces red blood cells that help carry oxygen to organs and tissues. Anemia, which is characterized by exhaustion, wooziness, and a general feeling of weakness, can result from not having enough iron in one's body. A fatigue panel looks at different hormones in the body which are responsible for metabolizing and storing iron. For example: The ferritin test looks at the ferritin levels in the bloodstream. This protein is responsible for storing iron, and if its levels are insufficient, one can develop anemia, which leads to excessive tiredness. One reason ferritin levels might be low is that one donates too much blood each year. Studies show that donating blood more than twice a year can deplete ferritin levels, leading to anemia. The TIBC test (total iron binding capacity) looks at the absolute levels of iron available in the bloodstream. If this value is too high, then the amounts of iron in the body are insufficient, which can cause excessive fatigue. FAQ 1. Do I need to fast before getting tested? Doing a fasting session of 8-12 hours is recommended before drawing blood. Also, biotin supplementation should be stopped 72 hours before being tested. 2. How quickly are the results delivered? You will usually get the results by email in a few business days. 3. What specimens are submitted for testing? Fatigue panels require patients to submit a blood specimen and, in some cases, a saliva specimen for testing. The instructions on managing and properly collecting these samples are provided within the package, so you will know precisely what to do. 4. What should I do after I get the results? Your healthcare provider will interpret your results and, if necessary, will suggest effective treatment options. For example, if you have iron deficiency and this is the leading cause of your fatigue, you’ll be guided to supplement with iron for some time. Similarly, suppose low testosterone or thyroid hormone blood levels cause your fatigue. In that case, you'll be advised to explore solutions such as Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) or thyroid hormone replacement to help deal with your fatigue problem. 5. Is this test safe? Yes! The submission of samples and results analysis is entirely confidential, and you’ll be drawing blood in a medical setting under specialized supervision.   Conclusion Diagnosing chronic fatigue is not easy, but you’re one step closer to feeling better by ordering a comprehensive fatigue panel. Order the complete fatigue panel today from Discounted Labs, and you can drastically improve the quality of your life!   BUY THE COMPREHENSIVE FATIGUE BLOOD TEST PANEL HERE    

Introduction Most men would not believe that estradiol is a male hormone, as they are unaware of the role that estradiol (E2) plays in the maintenance of men's health. E2 is important for many things, including the quality and quantity of sperm [1,] controlling the GH-IGF-1 axis [3,] bone growth and keeping bones healthy [4,] body composition and glucose metabolism [5,] vasomotor stability [6,] and brain function [8]. Estradiol is a hormone more abundant in women than men that is produced by the aromatization of testosterone in the liver, fat, and other cells [1]. It has been shown to be responsible for healthy bone density [2], but its role in men's sex drive, body composition, and other variables is debated [3]. High estradiol blood levels can cause gynecomastia in the presence of low testosterone [4]. Anastrozole, a blocker of estradiol production, is prescribed to men who start testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) [5]. However, there is no data on how high is too high when it comes to estradiol in men [6].   Table of Contents Introduction The Essential Role of Aromatase in the Production of E2 E2 and the Function of the Male Reproductive System The Effect of E2 on the Growth Hormone-IGF-1 Axis The Effects of E2 on the Development and Health of Bones and Skeletons The Influence of E2 on the Composition of the Body as well as Glucose Metabolism Regulation of Vasomotor Stability by E2 and Its Effects The Role of Nitric Oxide in Vasodilation The Effects of Estrogen on NO Production and Vasodilation The Need for Further Research Potential Side Effects of Testosterone Therapy and the Role of Aromatase Inhibitors A Critical Review of Current Evidence Potential Risks of Overuse of Aromatase Inhibitors The Case for Individualized Treatment Approach Estradiol: Overview and Effects Impact of High Estradiol Levels Low Estradiol: Risks and Treatment Testosterone and Estradiol: A Complex Relationship Estradiol's Role in Physiology Estradiol in Hypogonadism Studies and Findings Estradiol and Chronic Heart Failure Estradiol's Impact on Bone Density Estrogen in Men: Studies Conclusion References: The Essential Role of Aromatase in the Production of E2 Aromatase is an enzyme that converts androstenedione and testosterone into E2 in males [3]. According to the research that has been done, the hormone E2 is critically important in the control of a variety of different elements of male health [6]. E2 and the Function of the Male Reproductive System The modulation of spermatogenesis is one of the key functions that E2 performs in the male reproductive system. Working as a paracrine factor, it does its job in the Sertoli cells of the testis, where it helps germ cells mature and divide [1]. It also changes the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which controls the production of testosterone and the making of sperm [1, 7]. The Effect of E2 on the Growth Hormone-IGF-1 Axis It has been proven that E2 plays a significant role in the regulation of the GH-IGF-1 axis in men [3]. In healthy men, there is a positive correlation between the levels of E2 and the levels of serum IGF-1. It is possible that E2 uses negative feedback to limit GH secretion. The Effects of E2 on the Development and Health of Bones and Skeletons E2 is a crucial hormone for the growth and upkeep of men's bones, as well as their overall skeletal health. It does so by promoting osteoblast differentiation and activity and suppressing osteoclast differentiation and activity [4] [11]. In this way, it exerts an indirect influence on these features. The Influence of E2 on the Composition of the Body as well as Glucose Metabolism E2 has an effect on both the makeup of a man's physique as well as his glucose metabolism. It appears to selectively accelerate the accumulation of body fat in subcutaneous regions while at the same time limiting the accumulation in visceral regions [5]. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that E2 can improve glucose metabolism in hypogonadal men [5]. Regulation of Vasomotor Stability by E2 and Its Effects Additionally, E2 contributes to the regulation of vasomotor stability in males. People think that the production of nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in how ethyl ester affects blood vessels. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Vasodilation Nitric oxide, often known as NO, is an important physiological mediator that plays a role in a wide variety of biological activities, some of which are associated with the cardiovascular system. In the setting of the vascular system, NO plays an important function in vasodilation, controlling blood pressure, preventing blood clots, and stimulating angiogenesis [1, 2, 5]. The Effects of Estrogen on NO Production and Vasodilation It has been demonstrated that estrogens, in general, can have an effect on the generation of NO and, as a result, can mediate vasodilation. They can use both direct and indirect processes to achieve the desired vasodilatory effects. There are direct mechanisms that involve attaching to estrogen receptors on endothelial cells and making more NO. This, in turn, causes the blood vessels to become more dilated. One of the indirect ways that could be at work is by changing the production and release of other vasoactive chemicals, like prostaglandins, which could have an effect on NO production. The Need for Further Research Please be aware that despite the fact that the idea that NO synthesis mediates the vasodilation effects of E2 is reasonable based on the known actions of estrogens and NO, further research is required to determine the particular role that E2 plays in this process. Because of this, to get a better understanding, it would be important to look at the original research papers or more recent studies that focus on the part that E2 plays in changing NO production and vasodilation. Potential Side Effects of Testosterone Therapy and the Role of Aromatase Inhibitors When men undertake testosterone therapy (TTh), their estrogen levels may increase, and this may, in some instances, result in the development of nipple or breast soreness or even gynecomastia (the formation of male breast tissue in males). This can be a clear indicator that aromatase inhibitors should be used to reduce the amount of estrogen in the body. A Critical Review of Current Evidence Even so, there is not enough proof to support the regular use of aromatase inhibitors along with TTH when there are not any signs of estrogen overload. Although testosterone levels returned to normal after therapy with an aromatase inhibitor, the symptoms of low testosterone did not improve, according to the findings of one randomized controlled trial. Potential Risks of Overuse of Aromatase Inhibitors In addition, decreasing estrogen levels below a key threshold may raise the likelihood of developing osteoporotic changes and decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly in people who are receiving TTH. These risks may be increased in people who are already at higher risk for developing osteoporosis. The Case for Individualized Treatment Approach The study did not find any evidence to support the claim that taking TTH with aromatase inhibitors or other medicines would lead to lower levels of estrogen that would be better than taking TTH by itself. On the other hand, it was shown that certain TTH-treated men who had elevated estrogen levels but did not experience any clinical improvements from TTH did respond to actions taken to lower estrogen levels. These efforts included either a reduction in the amount of testosterone or the use of aromatase inhibitors. When this occurs, DXA monitoring is an option that should be examined. Estradiol: Overview and Effects Estradiol is a hormone more abundant in women than men that is produced by the aromatization of testosterone in liver, fat and other cells [1]. It has been shown to be responsible for healthy bone density [2], but its role in men's sex drive, body composition, and other variables is debated [3]. Impact of High Estradiol Levels High estradiol blood levels can cause gynecomastia in the presence of low testosterone [4]. Anastrozole, a blocker of estradiol production, is prescribed to men who start testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) [5]. However, there is no data on how high is too high when it comes to estradiol in men [6]. Low Estradiol: Risks and Treatment Low estradiol can be associated with higher fat mass and lower sexual function in men [7], so it is important to be careful when a clinic wants to put you on this drug without first justifying its use [8]. The most important details are that many clinics may be using the wrong estradiol test [9], and that most men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) do not develop gynecomastia even without using anastrozole [10]. Testosterone and Estradiol: A Complex Relationship Some physicians monitor estradiol blood levels after 6-8 weeks of TRT initiation using the sensitive estradiol test to determine if anastrozole use is warranted [11]. After 4-6 weeks on anastrozole, its dose can be adjusted to ensure that estradiol is not under 20 pg/ml [12]. The body of evidence suggests that after aromatase P450 inhibitors biotransform testosterone in the tissues, the ERs (estrogen receptors) in men mediate its effects [13]. Estradiol's Role in Physiology Some of the things that estrogen does are control LH feedback, skeletal homeostasis, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular physiology, brain development, and spermatogenesis [14]. Estradiol in Hypogonadism Estradiol serum concentration in adult males is around 20-30 pg/ml, with a production rate of 45 g/d [15]. Low levels of estradiol are associated with increased fat and decrease in sexual desire and erectile function compared to higher levels [16]. Studies and Findings This study found that estradiol levels of 21.80 pg/ml and > 30.11 pg/ml resulted in greater mortality in men with hypogonadism, suggesting that estrogen deficiency is largely responsible for some of the key consequences of male hypogonadism [17]. Estrogens have a fundamental role in the regulation of body fat and sexual function, and this suggests that measuring estradiol might be helpful in assessing the risk of sexual dysfunction, bone loss, or fat accumulation in men with hypogonadism [18]. Estradiol and Chronic Heart Failure A study examined the relationship between serum concentration of estradiol and mortality in men with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [19]. Results showed that men in the lowest and highest estradiol quintiles had increased mortality, while those in the highest quintile had increased survival rates [19]. Estradiol's Impact on Bone Density Estradiol below 11 pg/ml was associated with increased bone loss [20]. Estrogen deficiency is common in men with chronic HF and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [21]. Estrogen appears to play an important role in determining bone mineral density in men, but it is unclear if it also affects bone   Estrogen in Men: Studies Estradiol is a hormone more abundant in women than men that is produced by the aromatization of testosterone in liver, fat and other cells [1]. It has been shown to be responsible for healthy bone density [2], but its role in men's sex drive, body composition and other variables is debated [3]. High estradiol blood levels can cause gynecomastia in the presence of low testosterone [4]. Anastrozole, a blocker of estradiol production, is prescribed to men who start testosterone replacement (TRT) [5]. However, there is no data on how high is too high when it comes to estradiol in men [6]. Low estradiol can be associated with higher fat mass and lower sexual function in men [7], so it is important to be careful when a clinic wants to put you on this drug without first justifying its use [8]. The most important details are that many clinics may be using the wrong estradiol test [9], and that most men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) do not develop gynecomastia even without using anastrozole [10]. Some physicians monitor estradiol blood levels after 6-8 weeks of TRT initiation using the sensitive estradiol test to determine if anastrozole use is warranted [11]. After 4-6 weeks on anastrozole, its dose can be adjusted to ensure that estradiol is not under 20 pg/ml [12]. The body of evidence suggests that testosterone in men is mediated by the ERs (estrogen receptors) after its biotransformation by the aromatase P450 inhibitors in the tissues [13]. These estrogen-mediated actions include feedback regulation of LH, regulation of skeletal homeostasis, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular physiology, and brain and spermatogenesis [14]. Estradiol serum concentration in adult males is around 20-30 pg/ml, with a production rate of 45 g/d [15]. Low levels of estradiol are associated with increased fat and decrease in sexual desire and erectile function compared to higher levels [16]. This study found that estradiol levels of 21.80 pg/ml and > 30.11 pg/ml resulted in greater mortality in men with hypogonadism, suggesting that estrogen deficiency is largely responsible for some of the key consequences of male hypogonadism [17]. Estrogens have a fundamental role in the regulation of body fat and sexual function, and this suggests that measuring estradiol might be helpful in assessing the risk of sexual dysfunction, bone loss, or fat accumulation in men with hypogonadism [18]. A study examined the relationship between serum concentration of estradiol and mortality in men with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [19]. Results showed that men in the lowest and highest estradiol quintiles had increased mortality, while those in the highest quintile had increased survival rates [19]. Estradiol below 11 pg/ml was associated with increased bone loss [20]. Estrogen deficiency is common in men with chronic HF and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [21]. Estrogen appears to play an important role in determining bone mineral density in men, but it is unclear if it also affects bone loss in elderly men [22]. Another study assessed longitudinal rates of change in bone mineral density in young and elderly men and related these to circulating total and bioavailable estrogen and testosterone levels [23]. The rate of increase in bone mineral density at the forearm sites in the young men was significantly correlated to serum total and bioavailable estradiol and estrone levels, but not with total or bioavailable testosterone levels [23].  Elderly men with bioavailable estradiol levels below the median had significantly higher rates of bone loss and levels of bone resorption markers than men with bioavailable estradiol levels above 40 pmol/liter [23]. Ranjith Ramasamy and Larry Lipshultz conducted a study of 423 men on TRT and found that those with high testosterone and estradiol levels had significantly greater libido than those with low levels [24]. The results are expected to be presented at the American Urological Association annual meeting in Orlando [24]. Hyperestrogenism is believed to be harmful to male sexuality [25]. A study screening 34,016 men in Low T Centers revealed that 7,215 (20.2%) had high estradiol levels [26]. The age distribution of those with high estradiol levels was as follows: 132/989 (13.3%) were older than 65 years, 3,753/16,955 (22.1%) were between 45 and 65 years, 2,968/15,857 (18.7%) were between 25 and 44 years, 7/215 (3.3%) were younger than 25 years [26]. The correlation coefficient of serum estradiol to age was .53 [26]. Low blood levels of estradiol (E2) are associated with brittle bones in old men, according to a new study [27]. Age-adjusted models showed that E2 and free E2 but not testosterone (T) associated significantly inversely with cortical porosity [28]. Free E2 also associated significantly with trabecular bone volume fraction, but this association did not remain significant after further adjustment [28]. Low serum E2 may reduce cortical bone strength and increase fracture risk in older men [29]. Conclusion The hormone estradiol, also known as E2, has emerged as a key player in a myriad of biological functions in males. It is involved in the regulation of sperm health, the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, bone health, body composition, glucose metabolism, vasomotor stability, and brain function. The key enzyme aromatase, which facilitates the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to E2, is integral to these processes. Understanding the role of E2 in male physiology helps shape our approach to health issues like low testosterone and the potential side effects of testosterone therapy. While the use of aromatase inhibitors can sometimes be beneficial in managing the effects of elevated estrogen levels, more evidence is needed before they can be recommended for routine use alongside testosterone therapy. It is also crucial to consider the balance between testosterone and E2 in the male body, as overly suppressing estrogen levels might lead to unintended consequences such as osteoporotic changes and decreased insulin sensitivity. As we deepen our understanding of E2's role in the body, it becomes clear that a nuanced, individualized approach to treatment is needed to balance the benefits and risks. Finally, there are still many open questions about the specific mechanisms through which E2 influences different aspects of male health. For example, the relationship between E2 and nitric oxide in mediating vasodilation remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, more research is required to continue building a comprehensive understanding of E2's role in men's health. As we continue to learn, our approach to male hormonal health will evolve, bringing about new strategies for maintaining and improving men's health.   Buy the best-priced  gold standard ultrasensitive estradiol test on DiscountedLabs.com.   References:   1 https://www.healthline.com/health/estrogen-in-men 2 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/estrogen-in-men 3  https://academic.oup.com/ejendo/article/181/1/R23/6654090 4 https://tctmed.com/estrogen-in-men/ 5 https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Role-of-Estrogen-in-Mene28099s-Health.aspx 6 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22353-estrogen 7 https://eje.bioscientifica.com/downloadpdf/journals/eje/181/1/EJE-18-1000.pdf 9 https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/role-of-estradiol-in-men-and-its-management-2/ 10  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-does-Estradiol-do.aspx 11  https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/181/1/EJE-18-1000.xml  

Table of Contents What are Estradiol and Aromatase? When aromatase is unbalanced, estradiol becomes an issue Low estrogen levels in men, not testosterone increases risk of heart disease Androgen deprivation therapy can cause cognitive decline Does estradiol restore cognitive function during ADT? Should high estradiol levels be treated? What are Estradiol and Aromatase? Estradiol is a form of the female hormone estrogen. Although estradiol production is typically considered a female concern, men also need to maintain healthy levels of this hormone for optimal health. Since men lack ovaries (where most estradiol is produced in women), estradiol in men is created by a process that uses an enzyme called aromatase (1) in testicles, liver and fat cells. Aromatase converts a very small portion of testosterone levels into estradiol, and health problems can arise when aromatase levels are too high or too low (1). When aromatase is unbalanced, estradiol becomes an issue As men age, they can experience excess aromatase activity, raising estradiol levels and reducing testosterone to unhealthy levels. Low T levels will adversely impact quality of life by reducing libido, ability to maintain an erection, mood, and muscle mass, among other health factors (2). However, when the body produces too little aromatase, men can experience other, potentially serious health problems. Men with diminished aromatase levels will have an estradiol deficit, which can create problems similar to low-T; diminished sex drive, loss of bone mass, and increased body fat (3). Men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) taking higher doses of aromatase inhibitors can also experience estradiol deficit. Let’s look at recent studies finding that low estradiol can play a critical role in increasing the risk of cognitive decline and increase the odds of experiencing cardiovascular disease. Low estrogen levels in men, not testosterone increases risk of heart disease A study led by Elaine Yu, MD, MSc, addresses the suspicion held by many medical professionals that testosterone can promote cardiovascular disease in men, and that estradiol provides protection against it (4). The researchers sought to determine whether it was estradiol or testosterone that regulated men’s cardiovascular risk factors by comparing two groups whose hormone levels were changed using a combination of medications (4). They looked at 400 healthy men, between the ages of 20 and 50. Study participants were weighed, had fasting blood tests for markers of heart disease and diabetes, and also had a thigh scan using quantitative computed tomography (CT scan) to measure muscle fat content before and after the study (4). Yu’s team found that while higher levels of testosterone reduced these men’s levels of healthy (HDL) cholesterol, changes in estradiol levels had no effect at all on HDL(4). However, they also discovered that low estradiol levels did increase the markers for diabetes, like increased insulin resistance, increased fat in the muscles, and higher fasting blood sugar levels(4). Diabetes is a major risk factor for heart disease (5). Additionally, the study found that neither estradiol nor testosterone affected the levels of LDL (unhealthy) cholesterol. According to Yu, these findings indicate that in men, it’s higher testosterone levels combined with lower estradiol levels that can worsen cardiovascular risk factors, somewhat explaining differences in the incidence of heart disease between men and women. Some studies have shown that it is the ratio of testosterone to estradiol that is important, not just the level of each of those hormones. As testosterone increases with TRT, so does estradiol to balance the effects of testosterone on lipids, mood and insulin action. Androgen deprivation therapy can cause cognitive decline Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an often used method to slow the growth of prostate cancer. It’s also used for men transitioning to women (6, 7). ADT is typically prescribed on an open-ended (no fixed period) basis to help treat advanced prostate cancer. An estimated 44 percent of men with prostate cancer will undergo ADT at some point as part of a strategy to slow tumor growth (6). ADT therapy is used specifically to block the male hormones, particularly testosterone, from stimulating prostate cancer cell growth. Research has confirmed that ADT can cause significant cognitive decline in women with breast cancer (8), but few studies have investigated cognitive impairment following ADT for men being treated for prostate cancer. Using formal tests, scientists recently compared the cognitive ability of 58 prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy to 84 prostate cancer patients who did not receive ADT, and 88 cancer-free men (9). They found that those treated with ADT were 70 percent more likely to develop cognitive impairment after six months, and over twice as likely to have significant cognitive impairment after one year(9).   Does estradiol restore cognitive function during ADT? A 2018 study published in Current Neuropharmacology has examined whether estradiol supplementation is an effective way to prevent this side effect (9). Researchers performed a literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies on this topic and discover any evidence that estradiol supplementation has a cognitive benefit for men on ADT. They examined studies involving the effects of estradiol treatment on cognitive function in three androgen-deprived male populations; prostate cancer patients, male-to-female transsexuals, and castrated male animals (9). A review of the literature found that while some studies show that estradiol supplementation resulted in cognitive improvement (especially in spatial ability), They couldn’t determine (9): Whether estradiol will improve cognition after long-term ADT How early or delayed estradiol treatment post-castration will affect cognition If estradiol affects memory retention They conclude that for androgen-deprived males, there is some evidence that estradiol supplementation may improve both verbal and visual memory (9). However the variability between the reviewed studies resulted in significant inconsistencies, making further study necessary to determine what estradiol treatment protocol can best maximize cognitive improvement for men using ADT (9). Should high estradiol levels be treated? Men on testosterone replacement therapy can experience an increase in estradiol that can sometimes reach clinically elevated levels (10). A study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine (11) looks at the phenomenon of increased estradiol levels in men undergoing TRT to discover whether high estradiol levels in this population should be treated. Researchers comprehensively reviewed the published literature on the role of estradiols in male sexual function and testosterone deficiency to answer this question. The study findings reveal that (11): Although estradiol have been used at pharmacologic doses to suppress serum testosterone, there is no evidence that naturally occurring elevations of estradiol will cause a reduction in testosterone levels Absent testosterone deficiency, study findings suggest that elevated estradiol levels don’t seem to be harmful. Once again, monitoring and treating the ratio of testosterone to estradiol may be more important than either hormone alone. Estradiol could help maintain some sexual function in castrated men Given the evidence uncovered by this review study, researchers report that, although further research is needed, the existing evidence doesn’t support the treatment of elevated estradiol for men on testosterone therapy (11). WATCH LECTURE ABOUT ESTRADIOL IN MEN    BUY YOUR SENSITIVE ESTRADIOL TEST   References 1) Stocco, Carlos. “Tissue Physiology and Pathology of Aromatase.” Steroids 77.1-2 (2012): 27–35. PMC. Web. 11 June 2018. 2) Araujo, Andre B., and Gary A. Wittert. “Endocrinology of the Aging Male.” Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 25.2 (2011): 303–319. PMC. Web. 11 June 2018. 3) Bulun, Serdar E. “AROMATASE DEFICIENCY.” Fertility and sterility 101.2 (2014): 323–329. PMC. Web. 11 June 2018. 4) Men's heart disease risk linked to high testosterone and low estrogen. The Endocrine Society. 5) Zhang PY. Cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(15):2205-14. 6) Perlmutter, Mark A, and Herbert Lepor. “Androgen Deprivation Therapy in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer.” Reviews in Urology 9.Suppl 1 (2007): S3–S8. Print. 7) Unger, Cécile A. “Hormone Therapy for Transgender Patients.” Translational Andrology and Urology 5.6 (2016): 877–884. PMC. Web. 11 June 2018. 8) Wu, Lisa M., and Ali Amidi. “Cognitive Impairment Following Hormone Therapy: Current Opinion of Research in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients.” Current opinion in supportive and palliative care 11.1 (2017): 38–45. PMC. Web. 11 June 2018. 9) Wibowo E. Cognitive Impacts of Estrogen Treatment in Androgen-Deprived Males: What Needs to be Resolved. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(7):1043-1055. 10) Tan RS, Cook KR, Reilly WG. High estrogen in men after injectable testosterone therapy: the low T experience. Am J Mens Health. 2015 May;9(3):229-34. doi: 10.1177/1557988314539000. Epub 2014 Jun 13. 11) Ravi Kacker, Abdulmaged M. Traish, Abraham Morgentaler. Estrogens in Men: Clinical Implications for Sexual Function and the Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. (2012): Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 1681–1696

Table of Contents Testosterone Fractions in Men How SHBG Influences Free Testosterone What Factors Influence Your SHBG Levels? How Do You Know if Your SHBG Levels Are High? How to Lower SHBG and Automatically Increase Free Testosterone Levels? Raise Your Total Testosterone Level Lower Your Estradiol Levels DHEA Supplements Might Help What if My SHBG Levels Are Already Low? Now You Know More About SHBG and the Role It Plays in Your Body!   When people hear about testosterone, they immediately think about muscles, alpha males, confidence, and probably sports cars. This is the most important male sex hormone and one of the most important hormones in the human body. However, this hormone has several fractions. It is influenced by your lifestyle and it can influence how you think and how you feel. For example, too much sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) can decrease free testosterone which can lead to low libido and other symptoms.  That is why some men search for ways to decrease SHBG levels. If you are interested in testosterone fractions and how to naturally increase this sex hormone in your body then keep reading. You will find out more about the bioavailability of testosterone and why it plays a vital role in your health. You will also find out how to decrease SHBG levels. Testosterone Fractions in Men If you do a testosterone test, your doctor will mention your average levels. For example, the generally accepted healthy levels of testosterone for men are between 350 ng/dl and 1,100 ng/dl. If you have a total testosterone level under 350 ng/dL, you might be diagnosed with hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency). However, this is the total testosterone level in your bloodstream. This hormone is made up of several fractions and they are important too. For example, there are bound testosterone (bound) and free testosterone (non-bound) levels that circulate through your blood. Total testosterone is made up of these two types of testosterone. Free testosterone makes up for about 2% of your total testosterone levels. This is the one that goes to your muscles, brain, and influences other organs and tissues in your body. The bound testosterone usually attaches to two substances - albumin or SHBG. The amount of testosterone that is bound to albumin is about a third of your total testosterone. The amount of testosterone that is bound to SHBG is approximately two-thirds of your total testosterone. Albumin is a protein and it carries your testosterone through the bloodstream and releases it as it is needed. You often hear the term "bioavailable testosterone". This refers to the amount of testosterone that can be used by your body. Luckily, testosterone bound to albumin can detach if necessary and get used as free testosterone. The one bound to SHBG cannot do that. In this case, the bioavailable testosterone in your body is the sum of free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone. How SHBG Influences Free Testosterone It's a well-known fact that the levels of albumin in your blood are generally stable. This protein doesn't have massive spikes in quantity for a male adult. On the other hand, SHBG levels can increase and decrease based on various factors. Most importantly, the levels of SHBG influence how much free testosterone you have in your blood. High levels of SHBG are usually associated with low levels of free testosterone. Less testosterone is available for muscles, the brain, and organs. The vice-versa is also true. Lower levels of SHBG are associated with higher levels of free testosterone. This can positively influence your mood and libido. What Factors Influence Your SHBG Levels? Multiple types of factors influence how much SHBG there is in your bloodstream. Aging is one of the most important factors.  As men age, their SHBG levels will naturally go up while the free testosterone levels will go down. However, you can do something about the other factors. For example, liver problems can increase SHBG levels in men of all ages. If you have a fatty liver due to chronic alcohol consumption or other reasons, chances are that your SHBG levels are also higher than normal. This is true for other liver problems such as cirrhosis or cancer. Thyroid problems can also increase SHBG levels. If your thyroid gland is less active or hyperactive, you might start to feel the symptoms of this health issue. Too much estradiol in your body is also responsible for increasing SHBG levels. Obesity and high triglyceride levels are commonly associated with an increase in SHBG levels in the blood. If you are overweight and your lipid profile is not very good, chances are that your overall testosterone levels might drop. Finally, inflammation is another factor that could increase SHBG levels and decrease free testosterone ones. Acute inflammation is good for the body to help you fight diseases. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, can lead to life-threatening issues and raise your SHBG levels. How Do You Know if Your SHBG Levels Are High? A simple blood test provides the best opportunity to test your testosterone levels accurately. Medical technology got very advanced, and it's possible to find out exactly how much testosterone is flowing through your blood quickly and safely. However, remember that most tests will communicate your total testosterone levels. You should dig a little bit deeper and find out the exact SHBG and free testosterone levels. These are the ones that interest you the most in this case. If the percent of total testosterone that is free testosterone is below 2 percent, then you may have high SHBG. For example, the optimal SHBG levels in adult males are between 10 and 60 nmol/L. If you have more than that, chances are that your free testosterone levels are also smaller than normal. Ask your doctor for assistance if you cannot figure out the SHBG levels independently. Discounted Labs sells several tests, including the SHBG test as part of lab test panels.   How to Lower SHBG and Automatically Increase Free Testosterone Levels? Now that you have learned more about SHBG and how it can influence your body, the next obvious question is to find out a way to decrease SHBG levels. You cannot stop the aging process, but you can do something about the other factors that influence SHBG. Raise Your Total Testosterone Level This is the simplest and often the best method to reduce SHBG and increase free testosterone. If your testosterone levels are low, do something to increase them. For example, you can lose weight, start exercising more often and clean your diet of junk food and processed meals. This will automatically increase your total testosterone level. A fraction of this level is free testosterone, but it's a fraction of something larger than before, so you'll definitely experience its positive effects. Lower Your Estradiol Levels Another way you can reduce your SHBG levels is by lowering the number of estrogens in your body. Estrogens are the maprimaryemale sex hormones but are also needed by the male body. One of the most important estrogens is estradiol. Men have small amounts of estradiol too, but too much can lead to high SHBG levels and even gynecomastia if low testosterone is present. Lowering estrogen levels is possible for men of all ages. For example, you should avoid soy-based products as these have the tendency to increase your blood estrogen levels. At the same time, try to minimize alcohol consumption, exercise more, lose weight if you are overweight, and get plenty of sleep. DHEA Supplements Might Help DHEA or dehydroepiandrosterone, is one of the most abundant steroids in the human body. It's a weak estrogen and androgen hormone. It serves many purposes in the body and it can be sold as a supplement. Some studies show that small doses of DHEA administered to men might decrease SHBG levels. However, more research is needed as increasing the levels of DHEA in the body can have serious side effects in the long run. For example, high levels of DHEA are commonly associated with Parkinson's Disease. This complex neurodegenerative disease can lead to memory loss and poor brain function. If you decide to take DHEA supplements, make sure that you speak with your doctor first. Remember that these solutions might work for people with SHBG levels higher than normal. If your SHBG level is low, you should not worry about lowering it further. What if My SHBG Levels Are Already Low? In this case, your free testosterone levels are optimal and you don't have to do anything to increase them. However, more SHBG is needed too. This could signify an underlying health condition that must be explored further. For example, if you have low SHBG in your bloodstream, you might have a fatty liver or metabolic syndrome. This condition can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption or other factors. A liver problem is usually associated with insulin resistance too. Generally speaking, low SHBG levels are good predictors of diabetes in people of all ages. You must do a blood glucose and a A1c test to see how glucose is processed in your body. If you're pre-diabetic, you can still do something to increase insulin sensitivity and avoid this chronic condition. Now You Know More About SHBG and the Role It Plays in Your Body! Although deciphering the mysteries of testosterone and SHBG is not easy, major medical advancements are made each day. As you can see, too little SHBG is bad, but too much of it is not good either. Patients must aim for an optimal level of SHBG and monitor it closely using a SHBG blood test.    

Testosterone supplements are all the rage, and it seems like every fifth commercial stars Frank Thomas telling everyday Joes like us (or even Doug Flutie) how their lives (sex lives, too, guys) can be greatly enhanced by using their product. But is that truthful? We all assume that testosterone supplement marketing claims exaggerate the facts. But do we expect downright lies and deception? What you don’t know can hurt you. Read this article and step out of the shadows and into the light. We understand what you’re going through. Testosterone levels decline with age, making you look and feel ways you never expected when you were younger. I know how it feels to be grasping at straws, and I understand the desire to believe in magic bullets and fairy tales. But what you need to know about testosterone boosters is that beyond the hype and the slick marketing campaigns tugging at your wallets, there’s little proof that they work.   Table of Contents Amazon Unwittingly Contributes to Testosterone Boosting Supplement Scam 10 Most Common Ingredients in Testosterone Boosters Misleading Labels don’t Mislead. They Outright Deceive According to a recent analysis of popular online testosterone boosting supplements, the evidence of any positive impact on testosterone levels is sorely lacking.[1] The study looked at five popular testosterone boosters:   Prime Labs Manufactured by Prime Labs Alpha Boost Manufactured by Invictus Labs Extra Strength Manufactured by Dr. Martin’s Nutrition Iron Brothers Manufactured by Iron Brothers Supplements Pro-T Manufactured by Prometheus Wellness LLC   Researchers chose these five testosterone boosting products because they represent the top five testosterone booster supplements based on cost, ingredient profile, and Amazon reviews. In other words, these are the best of the bunch and are likely products you’re familiar with. Amazon Unwittingly Contributes to Testosterone Supplement Scam Let’s first look at exactly how these five products were chosen. Researchers searched the Amazon marketplace database using keywords “testosterone” + “booster” with default search settings and ranking items based on relevance. According to the study, “The top 5 T-Boosters identified on July 22, 2018, were reviewed based on price, ratings, reviews, manufacturer details, and ingredients. Consumer reviews were categorized using core themes in the Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire as a proxy to understand T-Booster efficacy and reanalyzed following filtration of untrustworthy comments using ReviewMeta.com, a proprietary Amazon customer review analysis software.” Why is that last part important? As some of you probably know, merchants have wised up to the fact that the way to win on Amazon, regardless of the product being sold, is to “get” great reviews from “customers.” The problem is that merchants have also realized that these great reviews can come from the companies themselves in a scam known as “brushing.” In a nutshell, brushing is when companies send out products to people who didn’t order them and then write reviews themselves using the unsuspecting consumers’ names. How much is a great review worth on Amazon? A heck of a lot more than the free products these scam companies are sending out, which is why those conducting this analysis sought to exclude those types of reviews. What percentage of reviews were determined to be scam reviews? A little more than 66 percent. This means if you’re one of the men who decided to purchase a testosterone booster based on customer reviews, you were more likely to be reading fiction rather than facts. The average review score for these five testosterone supplements was 4.56 out of 5. However, after filtering the reviews through ReviewMeta.com, here is the impact:   91 percent decrease in users reporting an increase in libido 59 percent decrease in reports of increased energy 93 percent decrease in reports of improved strength/endurance 60 percent decrease in reports of improved erections 67 percent decrease in reports of improved sleep 89 percent decrease in reports of improved sports ability   10 Most Common Ingredients in Testosterone Supplements   The 10 most common ingredients in the five testosterone boosters studied were:   Tongkat Ali Extract Horny Goat Weed Saw Palmetto Extract Boron Nettle Extract Maca Root Powder Ashwagandha Root Extract Fenugreek Bioperine DIIM (Diindolylmethane)   It should be mentioned that some of these herbs have real health benefits, but as the authors of this analysis discovered in their research, raising testosterone levels likely isn’t one of them. Of these 10 most common ingredients, there were a total of 191 studies conducted. However, after further review, researchers found that only 19 percent involved human subjects. Among those 37 studies that did use human subjects: 30 percent showed an increase in testosterone levels 3 percent showed a decrease 46 percent showed no effect 22 percent were indeterminate   Of the five popular testosterone boosters studied, three do not include the amount of each ingredient on their labeling and four of the five had the exact same ingredients in the exact same quantities. And all five refer to being produced in an “FDA registered facility,” which is half a world away from being “FDA approved.” The takeaway – marketing matters, also known as duping an unsuspecting population of men desperately searching for solutions to their low testosterone levels. Researchers of this study came to a similar conclusion, citing that their findings “raise questions as to the authenticity of both on-bottle marketing as well as reviews touting the benefits of these products,” and offers this bit of advice for men seeking therapeutics to raise their testosterone levels: “In the absence of additional human studies, patients should be cautioned before considering T-Boosters, given the availability of highly effective Food and Drug Administration approved therapies.” Another recent study looking at misleading labeling claims by supplement manufacturers found that “One such product, a purported testosterone booster, potentially mislead consumers by misusing and exaggerating scientific information.”[2] Regarding the testosterone booster in question, the report’s author sent an email to the manufacturer requesting information that would back up their marketing claims. However, what he received back from the company did not support those advertising claims in any way, shape, or form. The company specifically sent back three scientific articles and an Evidence and Safety Summary Report. The key ingredient in question, and the one reportedly most responsible for increasing testosterone levels, is D-aspartic acid. The first study the company sent back was on rats, not humans, and therefore dismissed. The second was a summary of D-aspartic acid’s role on the nervous and endocrine systems of mammals (not necessarily humans) but never looked at whether testosterone levels were increased. The third scientific article the company sent back, according to the study’s author, was the “only bona fide attempt at providing evidence for this product’s efficacy claims” and reports on the role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. The fourth document – the Evidence and Safety Summary Report – was simply a summary of the three previously mentioned studies plus eight additional studies, which also did “not provide any information to support the product’s testosterone boosting claims.” After scouring medical journals using the terms “D-aspartic acid” + “testosterone,” here is what the author of the study found:   There is no research on the effects of D-aspartic acid on human testosterone There is no evidence that supports the manufacturer’s claims that D-aspartic acid can boost testosterone levels There is evidence that people use it for the absorption of supplements and athletic performance.   Evidence that people use it for the absorption of supplements and athletic performance. No evidence that it has any effect on both.   Misleading Testosterone Supplement Labels don’t Mislead. They Outright Deceive   The study’s author writes that according to the marketing and manufacturer’s label, this “product can increase, support, stimulate, amplify, and boost testosterone levels. Additional claims are that the product has been clinically researched and that its results are clinically proven.”   Now, does that sound like misleading consumers or pure fiction compared to what the researcher found for the T-booster’s key active ingredient – D-aspartic acid?   The study’s author cites a few critical reasons why the product manufacturer’s claims are misleading:   Misuse of scientific information – one study involved men with the lowest testosterone levels (far below average) that were increased slightly but not enough to have a discernible effect.   One study cited used a different product, not the manufacturer’s testosterone booster, which had different ingredients.   One study contradicted several other studies on D-aspartic acid, all of which showed inconclusive results on its ability to increase testosterone.   Misuse of the product label’s bar graph – the graph shows only the upper half of the results, which essentially exaggerates the difference between the experimental and placebo groups.   The study’s author also notes that “The advertiser did not mention the decline in the participant’s total testosterone three days after the suspension of D-aspartic acid.” The study’s conclusions are cautionary at best when it comes to advertising claims like ‘100% clinically validated’ and ‘clinically researched’, as “the consumer could infer that the product has been subjected to relevant, unbiased and independent clinical trials, that it is safe and effective, and that there is sufficient scientific evidence to support these claims.” But as we’ve learned here today, you can’t believe everything you hear and read, especially when someone is trying to sell you something. Are the days of snake oil salesmen a thing of the past, or has the game and deception just evolved? The only way to truly know if a testosterone boosting therapy works is to get a blood test, both before and after. This is the first step. Otherwise, you’re just guessing about the efficacy while simultaneously flushing money down the toilet if a therapy isn’t working. Discounted Labs has the most trusted information on the best testosterone tests available today. Don’t waste another precious day living with low testosterone levels. Get tested today and begin your journey to living more fully and with more energy, vigor, and of course, more lead in your pencil.   REFERENCES   Testosterone Imposters: An Analysis of Popular Online Testosterone Boosting Supplements, Alexander W. Pastuszak, MD, Ph.D., 2020 Feb 1, PMID: 30770069 Testosterone Boosters: A Report of a Supplement’s Misleading Labelling Claims, RW de Lange, Ph.D., 2020, DOI: 10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a7426  

Table of Contents Brain Aromatase and Why It’s Not a Good Idea to Reduce Its Activity Estrogen and its beneficial effects in bodybuilding Estrogen function in men and why inhibiting its production can be detrimental.  High estrogen levels and prostate cancer Testosterone’s conversion to estrogen is important to eliminate anxiety and depression Testosterone activity in the brain High estradiol levels are not correlated with erectile dysfunction Estradiol improve endothelial function in healthy men Estradiol and libido, erectile function and reproduction How estradiol works when testosterone levels are low Estradiol and its influence in eugonadal men (men with normal testosterone levels.) Analyzing the role of estradiol on hypogonadal men who undertake testosterone replacement therapy Aromatase inhibition can decrease insulin sensitivity The relationship between estrogen and bodybuilding Estradiol and DHT can make you age more slowly Symptoms of low estradiol in men Estradiol and reproductive function in men Brain Aromatase and Why It’s Not a Good Idea to Reduce Its Activity Every man has free and bound testosterone circulating through his bloodstream. The bound testosterone is attached to either sex hormone-binding globulin or albumin. The free testosterone is available in small quantities in comparison with the bound testosterone. A small portion of it is converted to estrogen using the enzyme called “aromatase”. Although estrogen is a female sex hormone, it plays an important role in a male’s body too. For example, estradiol, a type of estrogen, is vital for proper sexual functioning and libido in men. However, too much estrogen can be detrimental, leading to poor sexual functioning, poor erections, accumulation of fat in the abdominal area and male boobs (gynecomastia). During testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), some men take drugs to inhibit aromatase and prevent it to convert too much testosterone into estrogen. these drugs inhibit the aromatase enzyme. Although this might sound like a good idea at first, altering the normal production of aromatase can lead to brain inflammation, studies suggest. The levels of aromatase and estrogen have been measured in injured brains and it has been discovered that the aromatase enzyme increased to protect the damaged neurons and the connections between them. Evidence concludes that inhibiting the normal levels of aromatase can lead to inflammation in healthy brains and more injury to already damaged brains. This happens because the aromatase/estrogen expression is moved from neurons to astrocytes which are a different type of brain cells. Astrocytes act as a cushion for neurons and they are usually more active when brain injury is detected. These cells can help with the healing process, but if they stay active for too long, this can lead to further damage to the brain. Studies also show that an insufficient amount of brain aromatase can indicate neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Low amounts of aromatase can increase plaque development which damages the brain. That’s why it is recommended to be careful when taking an aromataseinhibitor during testosterone replacement therapy as this drug might mess with the normal levels of aromatase and lead to brain complications.   Estrogen and its beneficial effects in bodybuilding Estrogen, one of the most important female sex hormone, is vital for professional athletes who aim at increasing their muscle mass. For example, estrogen can increase the anabolic response by modifying the way glucose is processed in muscle tissue. This hormone can influence the amounts of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase which is directly correlated to muscle growth and repair. In other words, having adequate amounts of estrogen can maximize muscle gains and strength. In studies performed on rats, estrogen has also been correlated with a whopping 480% increase in methyltrienolone which is an androgen connected to the levator ani muscle. The production of growth hormone and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) are also influenced by estrogen. This female sex hormone can increase the proliferation of IGF-1 in body tissues and liver which leads to greater muscle gains and protein synthesis. Estrogen also plays an important role when it comes to serotonin production. Serotonin is known for regulating the sleep/waking cycle. Bodybuilders who take aromatase inhibitors as drugs might have low levels of estrogen in the body. This can alter the serotonin production and lead to a thing called “steroid fatigue”. This is usually characterized by a general feeling of tiredness which can interfere with training regimes and prevent the athlete from performing at his peak. Maximizing muscle gains can be difficult in this case. Estrogen function in men and why inhibiting its production can be detrimental.  The aforementioned aromatase inhibitors are taken orally while one of them can be injected. There haven’t been studies assessing the short-term symptoms of these drugs on the physiology of an athlete. However, although drugs which inhibit aromatase and subsequently reduce estrogen levels are not usually used for a long period of time, they can cause problems when the estrogen drops under the normal range limit. Estrogen, particularly estradiol, is a powerful hormone which influences multiple body processes in both men and women. For example, estrogen can be anabolic in certain tissues such as bone and fat. It directly impacts bone density and can influence how much fat the body accumulates, particularly in the abdominal area. Estrogen can also have a stimulatory role and it influences protein production in the liver. It has a metabolic effect in the endocrine system and influences the binding globulins for vitamin D. Estrogen is also a neurosteroid influencing neurotransmitters in the brain. This can have an effect on emotions, motivation, and other functions. Since estrogen is so important in the human body, it is safe to assume that reducing it to dangerously low levels using drugs can have negative consequences on health. Similarly, having estrogen levels above the normal limit can also be detrimental for a male’s body. The key is to maintain balance when it comes to estrogen levels and make sure that estradiol E2 doesn’t drop below 20pg/mL.   The effects of aromatase inhibition on bone mineral density in older men A study was conducted at a tertiary care academic center in Boston, MA, measuring the levels of testosterone and estradiol of 69 men over 60 years of age. The participants had borderline or low testosterone levels and the study included a placebo group. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of aromatase inhibition on bone mineral density and bone turnover. Each participant received 1 mg of an aromatase inhibitor daily or a placebo drug. At the end of the study, the serum testosterone increased from 319 ± 93 ng/dl at baseline to 524 ± 139 ng/dl in month 3 and dropped slightly after one year. The estradiol levels also decreased from 15 at baseline to 12 after 3 months and remained there. The bone mineral density decreased in the aromatase inhibitor group in comparison with the placebo group. Taking aromatase inhibitors reduce the amount of testosterone which is converted to estradiol and because participants had less estradiol in their bloodstream, their bone mineral density also dropped. This concludes that estradiol is important for bone mineral density, particularly in older men. Is anastrazole for men a good idea?   High estrogen levels and prostate cancer Some studies conclude that high levels of estrogen might help develop prostate cancer cells, but men who already have prostate cancer don’t have high levels of estrogen in the bloodstream. Other studies show that a sharp increase in estrogen levels might lead to prostate cancer, but more information is required to reach a definitive conclusion. A small part of the free testosterone which circulates through the bloodstream is converted into estrogen. This hormone is required for maintaining proper health and avoiding cardiovascular diseases as well as diabetes type 2. On the other hand, low testosterone levels have also been associated with an increase in prostate cancer cells. A significant body of evidence indicates that high estrogen levels might be dangerous for men and affect their prostate only when testosterone levels are too low. Increasing testosterone levels through TRT (testosterone replacement therapy) will also increase estrogen levels in a natural way, but this doesn't automatically mean that the risk of prostate cancer will be higher. Approximately 50 years of studies show that testosterone administration alone doesn’t lead to prostate cancer.   Testosterone’s conversion to estrogen is important to eliminate anxiety and depression It is estimated that approximately 20 million adults in the United States are affected by depression each year. Many of these people receive antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, but this medicine can have different effects on certain people and they don’t come without side effects. Testosterone plays an important role in reducing anxiety and depression feelings in men, while estrogen and progesterone also act together as a protective mechanism against depression in women. Women, in particular, are 70 percent more predisposed to depression during their lifetimes, in comparison with men. However, certain low-testosterone males also develop depression and antidepressants seem to be inefficient for them. New evidence suggests that the conversion of testosterone to estrogen is necessary to reap the antidepressant effects of testosterone. Professor Mohamed Kabbaj reached this conclusion during his studies which were promoted by the National Institute of Mental Health. It has been discovered that there is a link between testosterone conversion to estrogen and depression in animal studies, but this link might be valid in human studies as well. This might lead to new antidepressants which impact the brain differently and are more efficient for low-testosterone men. Testosterone influences a plethora of pathways in the brain and it can have multiple side effects. That’s why it is important to develop a drug which acts only on the pathways responsible with anxiety and depression. Some of the side effects caused by antidepressants include heart problems and these should be avoided. Better drugs are necessary to impact the brain differently and safely treat anxiety and depression feelings. Dr. Kabbaj discovered that the antidepressant effects of testosterone happen only after this hormone has been converted to estrogen. The conversion process is regulated by a special enzyme in the brain. Dr. Kabbaj inhibited this enzyme in the hippocampus area of the brain. This area is responsible for mood regulation and has a strong influence on how a person feels. When this enzyme has been inhibited, the antidepressant effects of testosterone weren’t present. This leads to the conclusion that the conversion of testosterone to estrogen is very important. Testosterone impacts the MAPK pathway in the brain to produce these positive and beneficial antidepressant effects. However, this pathway is also implicated in multiple other body processes, including cell growth and cancer. More work is required to find out ways to get the antidepressant effects of testosterone without increasing the risk of cancer. Testosterone activity in the brain Tests have been done on rats to discover the behavior of testosterone when it enters the brain. Castrated rats have been injected with estradiol instead of testosterone and the recovery process of intromission and ejaculation worked normally. The estradiol was injected into the hypothalamus. However, when DHT was injected instead of testosterone (DHT is a powerful androgen which doesn’t convert to estrogen), no recovery process was detected. This concludes that testosterone converts to estrogen when it is injected into the hypothalamus and facilitates sexual behavior. The aromatase enzyme is present in this part of the brain as well as estrogen receptors. It has also been discovered that injecting drugs which block the aromatization process of testosterone to estrogen can change the behavioral effects of testosterone and significantly influence sexual function. This means that testosterone must convert to estrogen to enable proper male sexual behavior. Further studies show that inhibiting the aromatization process in monkeys can interfere with their sexual behavior. Men who have a congenital deficiency of aromatase also have a low sex drive and they can benefit greatly from small doses of estradiol to improve sexual functioning. The testosterone’s effects on male sexuality are twofold. This hormone influences libido directly with the help of androgen receptors and indirectly using estrogen receptors. However, more work is necessary to determine the exact differences between these effects.   High estradiol levels are not correlated with erectile dysfunction Contrary to the popular belief, high estradiol levels are not associated with poor sexual function in males. A study was conducted on low testosterone centers in the United States, comprising more than 34,000 men. The participants had different ages, some of them being younger than 25 while others being older than 65. Estradiol levels were measured using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and it has been discovered that having too much estradiol in the bloodstream doesn’t lead to poor sex drive and erectile dysfunction. It has also been discovered that those with low or normal estradiol levels have a higher incidence of poor sex drive and potential erectile dysfunction.   Estradiol improve endothelial function in healthy men Studies show that estradiol (sometimes written as oestradiol) can improve endothelial function in healthy men. The endothelium is a very thin membrane which lines up the insides of your blood vessels and heart. It can also be found on lymph vessels. Its role is to release substances which help relax or constrict the blood vessels, depending on various factors. The endothelium is also important for controlling platelets, blood clotting and to regulate immune function in men and women. It is already known that supplementing with estrogen (particularly estradiol) is linked to a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease in women who are deficient in this hormone. The purpose of the study is to determine if estrogen can also be beneficial for the endothelial function in healthy men. The study included 23 men aged 32 years, give or take up to 8 years. They were split into three groups. One group was given testosterone supplements alone, one group received a combination of testosterone and 10mg of estradiol and the third group received testosterone and 20mg of estradiol. These participants were measured one month and six months after multiple tests were performed to determine the influence of estradiol on their health. The study concluded that those who received estradiol supplementation had a better endothelial function. This means that administering estradiol to healthy men can improve their cardiovascular system.   Estradiol and libido, erectile function and reproduction Estradiol impacts multiple processes in a human body and it can have a strong influence on the brain. This hormone can directly influence the brain and dictate the sexual behavior of mammals, creating arousal states and moods which are conducive to reproduction. This is done by the release of pheromones. These substances can increase activity in the area anterior to the hypothalamus. Neurons play an important role in converting testosterone to estrogen using the aromatase enzyme. There are billions of neurons in the brain and they transmit electrical information 24/7, helping humans function correctly. Another important brain cell is the astrocyte. These cells help the neurons transfer information from one part of the brain to the other. They are star-shaped cells which play an important role, particularly when the brain is injured and they also use the aromatase enzyme to convert testosterone to estrogen. The anterior area of the hypothalamus contains numerous estrogen receptors. These receptors work similarly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which are known for lowering sex drive. This might indicate that estrogen can significantly influence sexual functioning and behaviors in men.   How estradiol works when testosterone levels are low Having low testosterone levels can definitely lead to poor sexual functioning and lack of libido. To determine the efficacy of estradiol in men and what influences it has, it is important to analyze it in people who have normal as well as low testosterone levels. Studies have been done on men with low testosterone. They received doses of estradiol and reported an increased sexual drive. These human studies are supported by the ones performed on rats. Castrated rodents were given estrogen and it has been discovered that this increased their sexual activity. Another important finding consists of patients who had prostate cancer and received androgen deprivation therapy. This type of therapy is known to slow down or completely stop the advancing of prostate cancer since the cancerous cells require testosterone to grow. When the androgen levels reached a critical point, the patients reported symptoms which are commonly found in people who have a low sex drive and erectile dysfunction such as hot flashes and other adverse effects. It has also been discovered that androgen receptor blockers are more efficient in maintaining sexual activity in comparison with castration. This might happen as a result of testosterone conversion to estrogen. It is possible that supplementing with estradiol might make patients who undertake androgen deprivation therapy have increased brain activity in those areas responsible with sexual behavior.   Estradiol and its influence in eugonadal men (men with normal testosterone levels.) Eugonadal means men with healthy testosterone levels. Estradiol has been proven beneficial for people with low testosterone levels, increasing libido, and sexual desire. However, some studies show that the same positive results don't apply to eugonadal men. One study was performed on men with healthy testosterone levels. They received estradiol on a regular basis and they reported a decrease in sexual functioning, libido, masturbation, and erections. On the other hand, another study reported that administering estradiol to 50 men aged between 20 and 40 years didn’t influence their sexual function and libido at all. More research is required to understand how estradiol affects eugonadal men, but administering this hormone exogenously can be beneficial for people who have testosterone levels, increasing their libido and sexual desire.   Analyzing the role of estradiol on hypogonadal men who undertake testosterone replacement therapy Testosterone supplementation therapy aims to improve the quality of life of hypogonadal men as well as increase the levels of circulating testosterone in their bloodstream. This therapy also tries to increase the number of testosterone metabolites such as estradiol which is known for playing a vital role in sexual desire. In a test performed on men with secondary hypogonadism, c l o mi phene was used to increase the levels of testosterone by influencing the estrogen receptors directly. Secondary hypogonadism means that the testicles function correctly, but there is a scarcity of luteinizing hormone produced by the pituitary gland and this translates into low testosterone levels. The clomiphene citrate managed to increase testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism as well as increasing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. Other studies show that clomiphene citrate can increase sexual desire and libido. Another study performed in 2013 looked at the role of testosterone in healthy men and how it can influence sexual behavior. Some of the study participants received testosterone in combination with aromatase inhibitors, while others received testosterone without aromatase inhibitors. As a result, the sexual function was impaired when aromatization was inhibited. Other studies show that sexual desire increased significantly when men received testosterone supplementation therapy and had estradiol levels above 5 ng/dl. Even when testosterone levels were below 300 ng/dl and the estradiol levels were higher than 5 ng/dl, the sexual desire was increased. Yet another study looked at the sexual behavior of men who received l etr ozole which is a powerful aromatase inhibitor. These men had low testosterone levels and after being given le tro zole, their estradiol level dropped even lower. The result was that libido was significantly decreased. This means that both testosterone and estradiol are important in people who have testosterone deficiency to achieve and maintain healthy sexual desire and libido.   Aromatase inhibition can decrease insulin sensitivity Insulin sensitivity is extremely important when it comes to diseases such as diabetes type 2. Those who have low insulin sensitivity are more predisposed to become diabetic in the future. Inhibiting the aromatase enzyme through different types of drugs can have a significant influence on insulin sensitivity in both humans and rats. A study conducted at a clinical research facility tested 17 healthy men with ages between 18 and 50 years. This was a double-blind, controlled study. Each participant received an aromatase inhibitor, or a placebo drug for 6 weeks. The study concluded that inhibiting aromatase can lead to poor insulin sensitivity, particularly when it comes to peripheral glucose disposal.   The relationship between estrogen and bodybuilding It is well known that estrogen gives you a feeling of wellbeing and the lack of it can lead to depression, mood swings, emotional instability, and even depressive thoughts. Aromatase inhibitors can reduce the amount of estrogen the body produces and it usually makes a person feel lethargic and unhappy. For example, menopausal women seem to become more emotionally unstable and being haunted by feelings of anxiety and depression. Studies show that this can also be the case for bodybuilders and top athletes who regularly take aromatase inhibitors to convert less testosterone to estrogen. Estrogen is vital when it comes to sexual drive and libido as well and it is a well-known fact that aromatase inhibitors can negatively impact sex drive. A study on two groups of men reached the conclusion that estrogen is very important for libido. The first group received testosterone treatment alone while the second group received testosterone and an anti-estrogenic agent. At the end of the test, the group who received only testosterone treatment had better sexual drive and libido. Researchers also believe that lowering the estrogen levels too much in healthy men can lead to anxiety feelings, depression and even osteoporosis.   Estradiol and DHT can make you age more slowly Another study performed in Australia looked at the link between telomere length and the amount of serum estradiol and DHT in men. Telomeres are sequences of nucleotides at the end of each chromosome. They are used as a biomarker for aging. Having shorter telomeres means that the biological age is higher, regardless of the actual age of the person. Having longer telomeres correlated with a smaller biological age which basically means that the person is younger than his or her real age. The study performed in Australia looked at the telomere lengths of men aged 53, give or take approximately 15 years. The conclusion of the study was that estradiol and DHT correlate with telomere length and a small reduction in estradiol can amount to an approximate age increase of a decade. Estradiol alone can influence telomere length and that’s why it is important not to reduce it too much using aromatase inhibitors.   Symptoms of low estradiol in men A study performed in a medical center on several hundred men concluded that lack of estradiol can give certain vasomotor symptoms similar to those menopausal women have. These symptoms include hot flashes, sweats and flushes. The study participants were healthy men with ages between 20 and 50 years. They had normal serum testosterone levels and were split into two groups The first group of men was administered goserelin acetate which stops gonadal steroids. After 4 weeks, they received placebo drugs or different doses of testosterone gels. The second group of men received a treatment similar to those in the first group, but they also received an inhibitor of the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen. The study concluded that those who received aromatase inhibitors and had low estradiol levels experienced vasomotor symptoms such as night sweats and hot flashes. Similarly, those who received high doses of testosterone gel (approx 10 grams daily), as well as aromatase inhibitors, didn't experience the same symptoms. This means that when high amounts of testosterone are administered, it can suppress the effect of the aromatase inhibitor and leave estrogen levels intact.   Estradiol and reproductive function in men The sexual function in males is directly influenced by a mix of multiple substances and organs including testosterone, estradiol, estrogen receptors, testes, penis, and brain. The aromatase enzyme and estrogen receptors have a similar location in the brain and they are important in the development of sexual function early in life. They also influence sexual behavior in adulthood in combination with other substances called pheromones. Estrogen influences the mood and libido of a man, enabling him to alter his cognition for a mental state conducive to reproduction. Spermatogenesis is another important part of male reproduction. The creation of sperm cells relies on estradiol and these cells contain estrogen receptors and the aromatase enzyme. Men who undertake testosterone supplementation therapy should also be monitored for their estrogen levels. This is because an estradiol level below 5ng/dl can cause a significant drop in sex drive and libido.   Conclusion The role of estrogen in the male body is unquestionably important. Bodybuilders, professional athletes, and patients who undertake testosterone replacement therapy should be careful when it comes to managing estradiol levels since this hormone can significantly impact their wellbeing, sex drive, and bone density.   Get Your Estradiol Blood Test and Find Out More!

Estradiol is the most important female sex hormone, and it plays a significant role in developing female secondary sexual characteristics. It also plays a vital role in maintaining proper bone density, regulating body fat, and ensuring a strong erection in men. This type of hormone is one of the three estrogens found in the human body. The other two are called estrone and estriol. Estradiol is the most important and strongest of the estrogen hormones, and it is primarily made in testicles, fat cells, and liver. Approximately 80% of the estradiol found in a man's body comes from the aromatization of testosterone. A small amount of testosterone is converted to estradiol to maintain healthy reproductive and cognitive systems in men, among other body functions. Why is estradiol in men important? Because maintaining proper estradiol levels is paramount for ensuring the correct functioning of various body processes. For example, estradiol is involved in: · Maintaining correct HDL cholesterol levels · Improving penile sensitivity · Maintaining an emotional balance in men · Promoting high bone density There are numerous myths that circulate online when it comes to estradiol. Since this is a female sex hormone, some say that too much estradiol can give one "man boobs" or make him asexual. Although having very high estradiol levels can lead to various health issues, reducing the amount of estradiol in the body can also have negative consequences such as losing bone mass, having joint pains or having a decreased libido. Keep reading this article to learn more about estradiol and how it can negatively affect the body if it circulates in the blood in sub-optimal quantities.   Estradiol in Men Studies Maintaining optimum estradiol levels is key to flourishing health and enhanced fitness performance. There are several causes or factors which might disrupt proper estradiol balance and lead to very high or very low estradiol levels. · Various medications such as HIV meds, etc · Toxins from the environment · Various foods · Age · High Body Mass Index (BMI) To achieve correct estradiol levels in the organism, one needs to learn more about this type of hormone and find out how it influences the body. The following study analyzes how testosterone and estradiol can influence muscle development, strength and sexual function in men aged 20-50. Gonadal Steroids and Body Composition, Strength, and Sexual Function in Men Study Purpose This study aims to identify a direct relationship between testosterone and estradiol in men and various body functions and processes such as fat accumulation, muscle development, and fitness performance, libido, and sex drive, etc. Approximately 80% of the estradiol currently found in men results from the aromatization of testosterone. When if the levels of testosterone go down, estradiol levels will also be reduced, and this might lead to changes in body composition. Study methods Two groups of 198 and 202 men participated in this study. They were healthy men aged 20-50 who were carefully monitored for over 16 weeks to find differences in body composition and fitness performance. The first 198 men were given goserelin acetate which is a substance that suppresses natural testosterone and estradiol levels. They were also given a placebo gel as well as testosterone gel in different concentrations such as 1.25 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, or 10 g. The gel was administered daily. The second group received the same treatment, but they were also given an aromatase inhibitor which is a substance that prevents the aromatization of testosterone into estradiol. Study conclusions Key factors were monitored in these 400 men to determine the influence of testosterone and estradiol on muscle performance and strength, sex drive, and fat development. The study concluded that the body fat percentage increased in men who received a placebo testosterone gel or 1.25 g or 2.5 g of testosterone gel without getting anastrozole. Lean muscle mass also decreased in these men, and leg-press strength showed a significant decrease only in men who received the placebo gel. The significant increases in body fat are attributed to estrogen deficiency (suppression of the aromatization process of testosterone). Both androgen and estrogen deficiency caused a significant decrease in sexual function which was represented by sexual desire and erectile function. Men who received the placebo gel or 1.25 g of testosterone gel experienced the most significant decrease in sexual function, as opposed to those who received a higher concentration of testosterone gel. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and determined that decreases in testosterone levels primarily influence muscle strength and performance, decreases in estradiol can lead to a higher subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat percentages, and both androgen and estrogen deficiencies can lead to poor sexual function. Let's take a look at more negative consequences which can appear as a result of having too little estradiol in the body. Why low estrogen levels are dangerous for health and decrease fitness performance As mentioned earlier, having less-than-optimal amounts of estrogen in the body can lead to multiple health problems in men of all ages. Let's discover how low estradiol levels can hinder fitness goals or affect health. 1. Low estrogen levels prevent the translocation of Glut-4. Muscle hypertrophy is essential for fitness professionals and the protein carrier Glut-4 can help with recovery and growth by transporting nutrients from the surface to the core of the cells. However, this protein can sometimes become stubborn and remain inactive for long periods of time. As a result, insufficient amounts of nutrients are carried from the surface to the interior of the cells which might make the muscle recovery process less efficient. The role of estrogen, in this case, is to make the translocation of the Glut-4 possible which leads to a higher amount of nutrients being delivered to muscle tissues for repair and growth. Having very low amounts of estrogen can prevent the activation of this protein carrier which is a significant loss for any fitness professional or bodybuilder. 2. Low estrogen levels allow myostatin to interfere with the muscle-building process. As you probably already know, myostatin is an important suppressor of muscle growth in both males and females. It can be extremely powerful as presented in various studies and experiments performed on animals. For example, animals which had their myostatin gene removed experienced dramatic increases in muscle mass, sometimes reaching up to 100% more muscle in comparison with animals which haven’t been genetically altered. Studies show that the elevated estrogen levels in women can prevent myostatin from interfering with the muscle-building process. By having very low levels of estrogen, the myostatin substance is free to suppress muscle growth which is something all fitness professionals want to avoid. 3. Low estrogen levels can worsen insulin resistance. Insulin, a substance produced by the pancreas, is essential for "unlocking" cells in the bloodstream, allowing them to absorb the existing glucose – a process which gives the human body energy to survive and to perform daily tasks. When cells develop insulin resistance (as a result of a sedentary lifestyle, among other factors), type 2 diabetes can result. Doctor Evelyn Yu, M.D., an endocrinologist at the Harvard University, concluded that estrogen deficiency could lead to a poor glycemic index as well as an increased resistance to insulin. Men and women of all ages can be affected by this, and that’s why it's important never to reduce the estrogen hormone to a dangerous level. Another study conducted on men aged 40-74 years determined the important role of high aromatase activity in the body. Let's take a closer look at its findings. High Aromatase Activity in Men with Low Testosterone Is Associated with Higher Spine BMD, Increased Truncal Fat Mass and Reduced Lean Mass Study Purpose This study strives to determine a relationship between spine BMD (bone mineral density) and aromatase activity in patients with low testosterone levels. Study Methods 90 men aged 40-74 years were carefully monitored during a genetic study on the effects of the aromatase enzyme on the bone mineral density. These men underwent testosterone replacement therapy as a result of low testosterone levels. Their body composition was analyzed using advanced tools such as dual-energy x-ray machines and enzyme immunoassay, among other medical equipment. Study Conclusions The study concluded that men who had the highest estradiol levels in comparison with testosterone also registered the highest spine bone mineral density. At the same time, their high aromatase activity leads to an increase in truncal fat as well as a significant decrease in lean body mass. The most important finding of this study is that despite having low circulating testosterone levels, high aromatase activity can lead to healthy musculoskeletal health in men over 40 years old. The direct relationship between estradiol and high bone density is visible in this study. Summary The role of estradiol in men's health cannot be denied. There are numerous benefits this hormone can provide to men of all ages if it circulates in the blood in optimal quantities. This article is part of a series of documents which outline important findings of scientific studies on estradiol. The more information one accumulates on estradiol, the better decisions he can make when it comes to achieving healthy estrogen levels in the body. One of the best ways to determine how much estradiol one has in his body is by using blood tests. This is an inexpensive and highly efficient method of knowing the exact estrogen and testosterone levels. Do you have any questions? Do you know more about estradiol or want to provide feedback? Use the comment section below to ask your questions about estradiol or share your knowledge with everyone!   More interesting reading: THE TOP 18 THINGS YOU DID NOT KNOW ABOUT ESTRADIOL'S ROLE IN MEN'S HEALTH