Vitamin Blood Tests

Vitamin D and testosterone are two of the most important factors in our health but are often overlooked. This post will dive into the complex relationship between vitamin D and testosterone, looking at how deficiency affects our health and the results of The Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial on hormonal balance through a randomized controlled trial. We’ll look at several studies that have investigated the correlation between 25(OH)D deficiency and sex hormones. And we’ll see how vitamin D supplementation can affect hormonal balance by looking at the results of The Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial. We’ll also look at how much testosterone the testicular tissue can produce with different amounts of vitamin D and how blood levels of testosterone and vitamin D are related. And we’ll touch on symptoms of low testosterone and why it’s important to understand your Vitamin D status & hormonal balance for optimal health. Introduction and Background on Vitamin D and Testosterone Vitamin D and testosterone are two of the most important nutrients in our bodies and overall health. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is important for bone health, immune function and reproductive health. It regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism so bones stay strong and healthy. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced in the testes in men. It’s responsible for male characteristics like facial hair, deep voice and muscle mass. Research shows a complex relationship between vitamin D and testosterone in men. Studies show that vitamin D deficiency is linked to low testosterone which can cause various health issues. Understanding this relationship is important for optimal health outcomes especially for men who are experiencing symptoms of low testosterone. What is Vitamin D’s Role in the Body Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a big role in bone health, immune function and reproductive health. It regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism which are needed for strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D also supports the immune system to fight off infections and diseases. We get vitamin D from sun exposure, diet and supplements. But many are deficient in vitamin D especially during winter when sun is scarce. Deficiency can cause various health problems like weak bones, increased susceptibility to infections and impaired immune function. Having adequate vitamin D levels is important for overall health and well-being. Low Testosterone and Vitamin D Deficiency Obesity is linked to low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels which in turn is associated with testosterone deficiency and low testosterone in young men. Hypovitaminosis of vitamin D can cause long term health problems like drop in testosterone production and higher risk of hypogonadism. In this section we’ll discuss what causes low testosterone and lack of vitamin D and how these two affects each other. Causes of Low Testosterone and Vitamin D Deficiency Poor diet: A diet lacking in essential nutrients like vitamin-D rich foods such as fatty fish, fortified dairy products and egg yolks can cause deficiency. Those deficient in vitamin D may benefit from taking the right vitamin D supplement to address low testosterone. Lack of sun exposure: Since our bodies synthesize vitamin D through sun exposure on our skin, not spending enough time outdoors or living at higher latitudes can cause deficiency. Obesity: Excess body fat can disrupt hormone regulation and absorption/utilization of vitamins like vitamin D (source). This creates a vicious cycle where obesity causes low testosterone and worsen existing deficiency. Aging: As men age, their natural ability to produce hormones like testosterone decreases. Older adults have lower 25(OH)D levels partly because they spend less time outdoors exposed to direct sunlight (source). How Low Testosterone and Vitamin D Deficiency Affects Health The interplay of low testosterone and vitamin D deficiency can cause: Hypogonadism: A condition where the testes produce less or no hormones leading to symptoms like fatigue, decreased muscle mass and sexual dysfunction. Osteoporosis: Both testosterone and vitamin D are important for bone density. Low levels of either nutrient can increase risk of osteoporosis (source). Mood disorders: Studies show that there is a link between low testosterone/vitamin D deficiency and higher prevalence of depression and anxiety (source). Cardiovascular disease: Research shows that men with lower levels of both hormones are at higher risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks or strokes (source). Given these health effects, it’s more important to know how obesity affects this interaction and how to balance our hormones as a whole. Low testosterone and not enough vitamin D go together to create health problems so it’s clear there’s a strong connection between the two. We need to look into the studies on how vitamin D affects serum testosterone levels to understand more about these associations. Summary: This article discusses the connection between low testosterone and vitamin D deficiency and their health effects. It’s clear that obesity plays a big role in the hormone relationship so understanding how these two work together is key to overall health. Vitamin D and Testosterone Levels Research In the recent years, many studies have been done to look into the relationship between vitamin D status and hormone balance especially on free bioavailable testosterone levels and testosterone production. Some studies show positive association between 25(OH)D levels and total/free testosterone levels while others found no significant relationship for certain hormonal parameters. Studies on 25(OH)D deficiency and sex hormones A study in Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf) found that men with sufficient vitamin D had higher total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone compared to those with insufficient or deficient vitamin D. The researchers concluded that there is a strong relationship between 25(OH)D and TT/FT levels. A study in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that low 25(OH)D was associated with hypogonadism in middle aged men but not with changes in luteinizing hormone (LH). A more recent study in Andrology however found no significant correlation between 25(OH)D levels and various hormonal parameters like LH, FSH and inhibin B in healthy young men. The studies show the complex relationship between vitamin D and testosterone production. We need to consider that age, ethnicity, BMI and overall health can affect 25(OH)D levels and hormonal balance in men. A strong connection between 25(OH)D deficiency and sex hormones has been shown in Vitamin D and testosterone studies where testosterone levels were measured in nmol/L. We will now look into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on hormonal balance by examining the results of the Graz Vitamin D Randomized Clinical Trial. Vitamin-D Supplementation and Hormonal Balance One of the studies that looked into the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and hormonal balance is the Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of taking vitamin D for 12 weeks to taking a placebo. The study showed significant differences between the vitamin D group and the placebo group in insulin resistance, hormone levels and other metabolic parameters. Some of the findings on how vitamin D affects testosterone and other metabolic parameters were quite interesting. Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial Results Improved Metabolic Parameters: Those who took vitamin D supplements had reduced insulin resistance which is key to overall health and preventing chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. Influence on Estradiol Levels: The supplemented group had increased estradiol levels which is one of the main female sex hormones. The supplemented group’s increase in estradiol levels was not statistically significant compared to the placebo group. No Significant Effect on Total Testosterone (TT) Levels: Surprisingly, there was no difference in TT levels between those who took vitamin D supplements and those who did not. This means that while there may be a relationship between blood testosterone levels and vitamin D, supplementation may not have a significant impact on hormone production or regulation for everyone. This study shows the complexity of hormonal balance in our body. Although it’s clear that getting the right nutrients like vitamin D is important for overall health, more research is needed to understand how they affect testosterone production. Those who want to optimize their hormone levels through diet or supplements should consult a healthcare professional and stay updated with the latest research. The Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial results showed that taking vitamin D supplementation had a positive effect on hormonal balance. More research is needed to find out how hCG injections will affect men with different vitamin D levels and how there is a link between testosterone and vitamin D. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify these relationships. Conclusion: So vitamin D supplementation may not affect testosterone levels but it seems to affect metabolic parameters and estradiol levels. More research is needed on how nutrients like vitamin D can alter or control hormone production so consult a specialist before starting any diet or supplementation program. Testosterone and Vitamin-D A study from Rigshospitalet found a relationship between testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and vitamin D in 300 healthy men with normal testosterone production. This shows the importance of having adequate vitamin D for hormonal balance. Vitamin-D and Testicular Tissue’s Ability to Produce Testosterone Vitamin D is involved in many physiological processes including sex steroid production. In testicular tissue, it was found that low vitamin D can impair the ability to produce testosterone. Men with low vitamin D had less response to hCG injections compared to those with normal or high vitamin D levels. The studies included in this review were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the integrity and quality of the review process. hCG Injections on Men With Different Vitamin-D Levels Serum Levels: Those with higher 25(OH)D serum levels had increased total testosterone after hCG injections compared to those with lower 25(OH)D serum levels. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Response rate was also seen for luteinizing hormone which is responsible for stimulating testosterone production in the testicles. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): No significant difference was seen in FSH response between the groups based on their initial 25(OH)D levels. So there may be a link between testosterone and vitamin D but more research is needed to understand the implications. For overall health and wellness men should have healthy levels of both hormones. Vitamin D is involved in testosterone production and regulation so let’s think about what this hormonal balance means to a person’s overall health. Conclusion: The study showed a positive correlation between testosterone and vitamin D, higher 25(OH)D resulted to higher total testosterone, LH response was also better when 25(OH)D was normal or high. The study suggests there may be a link between the two which is important for men’s health. Testosterone Production, Regulation and Health Testosterone deficiency which has many health implications is produced in the testes and regulated by hormones like LH. It’s produced in the testicles and regulated by pituitary hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH). Low testosterone can have many negative effects on overall health. In this section we will discuss some of the common symptoms of low testosterone and why we need to understand Vitamin D status & hormonal balance. Symptoms of Low Testosterone Fatigue: One of the most obvious symptoms of low testosterone is fatigue or lack of energy. Men may find it hard to be active or finish their daily tasks due to low energy. Muscle loss: Testosterone is involved in muscle mass so deficiency leads to loss of muscle strength and size. Low libido: Decrease in libido or sex drive often accompanies low testosterone. This may also result to erectile dysfunction in men. Bone problems: Testosterone regulates bone density so deficiency can increase risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Mood changes: Men with low testosterone may experience mood swings, irritability, depression or anxiety as their hormonal balance gets disrupted. li> Why We Need To Understand Vitamin-D Status & Hormonal Balance Vitamin D affects many physiological processes in our body including sex hormones like testosterone. As mentioned earlier studies showed a link between blood testosterone and vitamin D in healthy men with normal testosterone production. So maintaining optimal vitamin D levels may be important for hormonal balance. But more research is needed to understand how these two work together in the body’s endocrine system. In the meantime men who are experiencing symptoms of low testosterone should consult their doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment that can improve both hormone levels and overall health. Conclusion: This article discusses the link between Vitamin D and testosterone, the implications for men who are experiencing low energy or muscle loss. It discusses the common symptoms of low testosterone like low energy and muscle loss, bone problems and mood changes. And how maintaining optimal vitamin D levels can help preserve hormonal balance in men experiencing these symptoms. Vitamin D and Testosterone in Women Vitamin D and testosterone are often linked to men’s health but they also play a big role in women’s health. Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function in women. It is also involved in the regulation of reproductive hormones for proper menstrual cycles and fertility. Testosterone although present in smaller amounts in women is involved in the development of female characteristics like libido and muscle mass. Having adequate levels of both vitamin D and testosterone is important for women’s overall health. Vitamin D deficiency can cause many health problems like osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Low testosterone can affect libido, muscle mass and overall energy. Understanding the roles of these nutrients in women’s health is important to prevent and manage these conditions. Why Vitamin D is important for Women’s Health Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function in women. It regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism so bones are strong and healthy. It also supports the immune system to fight off infections and diseases. It is also involved in the regulation of reproductive hormones for proper menstrual cycles and fertility. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many health problems in women like osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Having adequate vitamin D is important to prevent these conditions and overall health. Women should get enough vitamin D through sunlight, dietary sources and supplements if needed. Regular check-ups and blood tests can monitor vitamin D levels and ensure optimal health. FAQs about Vitamin D and Testosterone Does vitamin D increase testosterone? There is some evidence that vitamin D may have a positive effect on testosterone. Studies show that taking vitamin D supplements can increase testosterone especially in men who are deficient. But more studies are needed to determine the ideal dosage and if other factors affect this relationship. To get the most out of vitamin D supplements for testosterone, you should also change your lifestyle like exercise more and eat better. How much vitamin D for testosterone? Vitamin D is important for testosterone production. Studies show that men with higher vitamin D levels have higher testosterone than those with lower levels. For optimal testosterone production daily vitamin D intake should be between 600-1000 IU but higher doses may be needed in some cases. If you are unsure of your current vitamin D status or how much to supplement, consult a doctor before taking any supplements. Conclusion In summary, we need to understand the connection between vitamin D and testosterone. Low levels of either can cause health problems like low energy or libido, depression and even increase risk of certain diseases. To keep you healthy you should eat a balanced diet with vitamin D rich foods (like fish) and exercise regularly. Supplement may be needed if your blood tests show you have low levels of these nutrients. Proper care can provide our body with the necessary vitamin D and testosterone for optimal health. Check your Vitamin D and Testosterone levels with Discounted Labs. Get your Vitamin D and Testosterone test today without doctor’s visit!   References Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Testosterone Levels in Adult Males: A Systematic Review Can Vitamin D Restore Low Testosterone Levels? Vitamin D Increases Testosterone Production Can Vitamin D Increase Testosterone Concentrations in Men? 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Testosterone Levels Association Through Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young Men with Obesity Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men  

Key Highlights Vitamin D is important for your overall health. It helps with bone health, the immune system, and more. Many people lack enough vitamin D. This can cause problems like fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain, and other health issues. You can get vitamin D from sun exposure, your diet, and supplements. It's easy to find out your vitamin D level with a blood test. If you have a deficiency, taking supplements can help. You can keep your vitamin D levels healthy by making informed choices and taking action. Introduction Vitamin D is very important for staying healthy. It helps with strong bones, a good immune system, and other important body functions, including preventing bone loss. Our bodies can make vitamin D when we get sunlight. However, there are many reasons why we might not get enough. Knowing your vitamin D level and working to improve it can really help your overall health, reducing the increased risk of weak bones, osteoporosis, and other health issues. Understanding Vitamin D and Its Importance Vitamin D is special. It is different from other vitamins that we mostly get from food. Vitamin D works more like a hormone. Our skin produces it when we are in the sun. This vitamin is important for calcium absorption, which helps keep our bones and teeth strong. But vitamin D does more than just help our bones. It also supports a healthy immune system, helps cells grow correctly, and plays a role in muscle function. This shows why having enough vitamin D is important for overall health and well-being. The Role of Vitamin D in the Body Vitamin D is important because it helps control calcium levels. These levels are key to bone health. Vitamin D allows the intestines to take in calcium from food. This keeps enough calcium in the blood for strong bones. Also, vitamin D helps keep a good balance of calcium and phosphorus. Both are needed to make and keep bones healthy. This balance helps stop diseases like osteoporosis, which makes bones weak and fragile. Besides helping bones, vitamin D is also good for the immune system. It affects how immune cells work, helping the body fight off infections and stay strong against germs. How Vitamin D Affects Overall Health Vitamin D is often linked to bone health, but it also plays a big role in overall health. Muscle weakness can be a sign of low vitamin D levels. This shows how important vitamin D is for muscle function and strength. Research shows that having low vitamin D can lead to a higher risk of chronic diseases. These diseases include heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. While more studies are needed to prove these links, keeping up your vitamin D levels is a good idea for better health. Additionally, enough vitamin D can help with mood and brain function. Some studies suggest that it may provide benefits for people who feel depressed. However, more research is still needed to support these claims. Identifying Vitamin D Deficiency Recognizing vitamin D deficiency can be hard. The symptoms often appear slowly and can feel like other health issues. However, if you have ongoing fatigue, muscle weakness, body aches, or bone pain, especially in your lower back, it might mean you need more vitamin D. You should see your doctor if you notice these signs or have risk factors. These risk factors include not getting enough sun, having darker skin, or having digestive problems that make it hard to absorb vitamins. A simple blood test can check your vitamin D status. Low Vitamin D Levels: Common Signs and Symptoms of Insufficiency Severe vitamin D deficiency can cause serious issues. It may lead to rickets in children, which means their bones become soft and weak. In adults, it can cause osteomalacia, with similar bone problems. Milder cases often show less clear signs. Common issues include tiredness and low energy, even if you get enough sleep. Additionally, a lack of vitamin D can lead to muscle weakness and bone pain, and in children, it may cause incorrect growth patterns and deformities in joints. Understanding the common signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, such as fatigue, frequent illness, anxiety, bone pain, and slower wound healing, is crucial in optimizing your vitamin D level for better health. Treatments may include dietary changes or taking supplements. You might also feel muscle weakness or cramps. These can happen because vitamin D helps your muscles work and recover. If you have trouble climbing stairs or feel weaker than usual, it could be a sign of vitamin D insufficiency. Bone pain can be another warning sign. This pain often feels dull and achy, mainly in the lower back, hips, and legs. If you have ongoing bone pain along with other symptoms, it's a good idea to see your doctor. They can check your vitamin D levels. Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency Certain factors can raise the chance of vitamin D deficiency. It is important to understand your own situation. For example, people with darker skin have more melanin. This can lower the amount of vitamin D made from sun exposure. Also, individuals with specific medical conditions, like celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or cystic fibrosis, face a higher risk. Their bodies may find it hard to absorb enough vitamin D, even if they get enough or spend time in the sun. Other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include being older, as the body makes less vitamin D from sunlight over time. People with obesity may also be affected since fat cells can hold onto vitamin D. Limited sun exposure can also be a problem, especially for those who live in areas with less sunlight or have a lifestyle that limits time spent outdoors. Additionally, the use of sunscreen, while important for preventing skin cancer, can also block vitamin D production and absorption of vitamin D from the digestive tract. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, these factors can increase the risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Assessing Your Vitamin D Levels Determining your vitamin D status is easy. It requires a simple blood test that checks the amount of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in your blood. This test gives you important information about your body's vitamin D levels. If your levels are below the normal range, your healthcare provider can suggest ways to increase them. This usually means adding vitamin D supplementation to your routine. Doing this will help you correct the deficiency and keep your vitamin D at healthy levels. When to Consider a Vitamin D Test A vitamin D blood test is not usually part of regular health check-ups. However, you should get one if you have symptoms like fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain, or frequent infections. This test can show if low vitamin D is affecting your health. If you have risk factors for low vitamin D, such as limited sun exposure, having darker skin, or disorders that affect absorption, you should talk to your doctor about testing. Some medications can also interfere with how your body takes in vitamin D. It can be a good idea for older adults, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people with conditions like osteoporosis or chronic kidney disease to check their vitamin D levels regularly. They may need more vitamin D to stay healthy. Understanding Your Test Results Interpreting your vitamin D test results means understanding the units used and what is considered a normal range. Vitamin D levels are usually measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). While the ideal range can change a little depending on the lab, a level of 20 ng/mL or higher is usually seen as enough for most healthy adults. If your levels are between 12-20 ng/mL, this may mean you have vitamin D insufficiency. This can raise the risk of health problems. In these cases, your healthcare provider might recommend changes to your diet, more sun exposure, or vitamin D supplementation to get your levels back to normal. Levels lower than 12 ng/mL are considered deficient, putting you at high risk for vitamin D deficiency. This often requires vitamin D supplementation to fix the deficiency. Your healthcare provider will decide the right dose and how long you need to take the supplements. They will base this on your needs, any medical conditions, and follow up with blood tests to check your progress and determine your level of vitamin d. Understanding your test results and maintaining a healthy level of vitamin d is crucial for overall health and well-being. Sources of Vitamin D Our bodies get vitamin D from three main sources: sunlight, food, and supplements. Sunlight is the best way to raise vitamin D levels naturally. But it’s important to be safe in the sun to lower the risk of skin cancer. There are some foods that provide vitamin D. These include fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel, as well as egg yolks. Fortified foods like milk, yogurt, and breakfast cereals also contain vitamin D. If you do not get enough vitamin D from food or sunlight, supplements can help. Sunshine, Diet, and Supplements Sunshine is the best way to boost your vitamin D levels naturally. When UVB rays from the sun touch our skin, they help change a type of cholesterol into vitamin D3. Usually, spending just 10-15 minutes in the midday sun, several times a week, with some skin exposed (without sunscreen), is enough to make a good amount of vitamin D. However, things like the time of day, the season, where you live, your skin color, and if you use sunscreen can affect how much vitamin D you produce. Some foods can also help, even if they don’t give as much vitamin D as sunlight. Fatty fish, like salmon, tuna, mackerel, and sardines, are great sources of vitamin D. Egg yolks also have some vitamin D and can help with your overall intake. If you can't get enough from your diet or the sun, dietary supplements can help you reach better vitamin D levels. There are two types of supplements: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). D3 is frequently better because the body can absorb and use it more readily. Safe Sun Exposure Practices While sun exposure is crucial for vitamin D production, practicing safe sun exposure habits is paramount to minimizing skin cancer risks. Always prioritize sunscreen use, especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), to protect your skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Limit your time in direct sunlight, especially during midday, and seek shade when possible. Covering up with protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts and pants, offers additional protection from the sun's rays. Here's a quick guide for safe sun exposure: Factor Recommendation Time of Day Before 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m. Duration 10-15 minutes of exposure, several times a week Skin Exposure Expose arms, legs, or back Sunscreen Use SPF 30 or higher, even on cloudy days Optimizing Vitamin D Intake Getting enough vitamin D is important, and there are several ways to do it. You can start by adding vitamin D-rich foods to your diet. Getting safe sun exposure is also important. If you can't get enough from food or sunlight, then vitamin D supplements can help. It's a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider about the right amount to take to optimize your intake of the sunshine vitamin. This is important to prevent any problems that can come from taking too much. Recommended Dietary Sources Eating foods that are high in vitamin D can help you reach and keep good levels of this vitamin. Include fatty fish like salmon, tuna, mackerel, and sardines in your meals. These fish are great sources of vitamin D. Dairy products can help too since they are often added with vitamin D. Milk, yogurt, and cheese can help you get what you need daily. Try to pick fortified dairy products to boost your vitamin D levels. Don't forget about a fortified breakfast. Many breakfast cereals come with added vitamin D, making them an easy choice. You can make your breakfast even better by adding fortified milk and some sliced fruits. This will give you a healthy start to your day with lots of vitamin D. Choosing the Right Vitamin D Supplement Navigating vitamin D supplements can be confusing. You need to know about dosages and the different forms. These supplements show their strength in International Units, or IU. When choosing a supplement, pick vitamin D3 (called cholecalciferol). This form works better in the body than vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Dosage can change based on your personal needs and how severe any deficiency is. It's best to talk to your healthcare provider. They can help find the right dose for you. Most adults need about 600-800 IU each day. Older adults might need higher doses. Your healthcare provider will give you recommendations that fit your health and blood test results. The Impact of Vitamin D on Health Conditions Maintaining good vitamin D levels is very important for our health. It helps our bodies absorb calcium and keeps our bones healthy. This is key in preventing osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition that makes bones weaker and raises the risk of fractures. Research also shows that vitamin D may help our immune system. This could affect how we handle infections, autoimmune diseases, and some types of cancer. While we need more studies to confirm direct links, keeping up with vitamin D levels is widely seen as good for overall health and for preventing disease. In fact, observational studies and clinical trials have shown mixed evidence of the impact of low levels of vitamin D on various health conditions. Bone Health and Osteoporosis Prevention Vitamin D is an important nutrient for keeping our bones healthy throughout life. It helps our bodies absorb calcium, which is essential for strong bones. When our vitamin D levels are good, our body can effectively take calcium from food. This calcium is necessary for healthy bone growth and upkeep. Vitamin D also helps increase bone mineral density, which is a way to measure how strong our bones are. Research shows that higher levels of vitamin D can lower the chance of getting osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and are more likely to break. In addition, vitamin D works well with other nutrients like calcium and phosphorus. Together, they help maintain bone remodeling. This process involves breaking down old bone and forming new bone. Keeping this balance ensures that our skeletons stay strong as we get older. Vitamin D's Role in Immune Function Emerging research shows that vitamin D plays many roles in how our immune system works. It helps our body fight infections and may affect how likely we are to get autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D receptors are present on different immune cells. This suggests that vitamin D directly influences how our immune responses work. Studies indicate that vitamin D might boost the activity of white blood cells. These cells are important for fighting infections. It may also help control the production of cytokines. Cytokines are signals that help manage immune responses and keep inflammation under control. As research continues to explore the link between vitamin D and the immune system, keeping enough vitamin D in our bodies is seen as helpful for our immunity. It might also lower the risk of autoimmune diseases, which happen when the immune system wrongly attacks our own tissues. Overcoming Vitamin D Deficiency Overcoming vitamin D deficiency requires a few steps. You can change your diet, get sensible sun exposure, and, if needed, take supplements. Eating foods that are high in vitamin D, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified products, can help increase your intake. Also, getting safe sun exposure allows your skin to make vitamin D naturally, which can raise your levels. If changing your diet and getting sun don't work, vitamin D supplements can help. It is important to do this with the guidance of your healthcare provider to keep your vitamin D levels where they should be. Strategies for Increasing Vitamin D Levels Embracing a complete way to boost vitamin D levels can give you lasting results. First, add foods rich in vitamin D to your meals. Include fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel at least twice a week. You can also eat egg yolks, which are a good source of vitamin D, as well as other food sources such as fortified dairy products. Choose dairy products that are fortified with vitamin D and check out the many vitamin D-fortified options available at most stores. Additionally, spending time in direct sunlight can help your body convert a chemical in your skin into the active form of vitamin D, known as calciferol. Next, focus on safe sunlight exposure. Let your skin catch some sun without sunscreen for short periods; this can greatly help with vitamin D production. Try to get 10-15 minutes of sun on your arms and legs a few times weekly during gentle hours, either before 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m. If changing your diet and getting sun is not enough for your vitamin D needs, or if you have medical conditions that affect how your body absorbs it, consider vitamin D supplementation. This may be especially important for those who have undergone weight-loss surgeries such as gastric bypass surgery, which can make it difficult for the body to absorb sufficient quantities of certain nutrients. Talk with your healthcare provider to find the right dosage and method of supplementation for you and your health history. The National Institutes of Health recommends consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation regimen. Monitoring Your Progress Once you start using ways to raise your vitamin D levels, it’s important to track your progress with regular blood tests. This shows how well your method is working and helps your doctor make any needed changes. Follow-up blood tests are usually done a few months after you start taking vitamin D supplements or change your diet or lifestyle. These tests give important information about how your body is responding to the changes and if your vitamin D levels are in the right range. Your doctor might suggest changing your supplement dose, improving your diet, or altering your sun exposure habits based on your blood test results. Regular checking helps ensure you are moving in the right direction to reach and keep healthy vitamin D levels for good health and well-being. Conclusion In conclusion, keeping your vitamin D level healthy is important for your overall health and well-being. It’s key to know why vitamin D matters, how to spot a deficiency, and how to check and increase your levels to stay healthy. You can get vitamin D from sunlight, food, or supplements. Getting enough vitamin D can help improve your bone health and support your immune system. By watching your levels and making changes when needed, you can help your body work at its best and avoid deficiencies. Make your health a priority by learning more and taking steps to boost your vitamin D levels. Frequently Asked Questions How do I know if I need a Vitamin D test? If you have signs of low vitamin D, have risk factors for it, or worry about your vitamin D level, talk to your healthcare provider. They can check your needs and let you know if you need a blood test. Can too much Vitamin D be harmful? Yes, taking too much vitamin D, especially from high-dose supplements, can cause vitamin D toxicity. This leads to high calcium levels in the blood, which can result in different side effects. It is important to talk to your doctor to find out a safe limit for how much you can take. How often should I check my Vitamin D levels? The frequency of checking your vitamin D levels depends on personal factors. Your doctor can suggest how often you should be tested based on your risk factors, your vitamin D status, and your overall health. Sources https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23168298/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6158375/ https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html

Table of Contents 1. Biotin Biotin Uses and Supplementation How Biotin Affects Test Results What Are the Lab Tests Which Might Be Affected by Biotin Supplementation? What Supplements Have Biotin? 2. Age 3. Urinary Tract Infection 4. Prostate Procedures 5. Bicycle Riding 6. Obesity or High Body Weight 7. Medications 8. Biological Rhythms 9. Pregnancy 10. Food and Water 11. Caffeine, Alcohol, and Tobacco 12. Exercise Get Your Health Checked Up Today!   According to the World Health Organization, chronic diseases kill millions of people each year. Diabetes alone accounted for nearly 1.6 million deaths in 2015. Deaths caused by neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia doubled since 2000, and this number is expected to grow in the upcoming years. Although these are alarming facts, you might be happy to find out that numerous diseases and injuries, particularly chronic illnesses, can be prevented. To prevent a disease, you first need to be aware of it. To be aware of it, you need to do the right thing and get your health checked periodically. Discovering a predisposition to the disease earlier on gives you a massive advantage. You’ll be able to follow special treatments and minimize its risks or eliminate them. But how to get tested for various diseases which might affect you? Well, one of the simplest and most efficient ways is by using direct-to-consumer labs. These are usually discount labs you can purchase online at affordable prices and have your general health checked in a matter of days. No doctor visit is required so that you can quickly check your blood tests and monitor your health if you are an educated patient. However, you need to keep in mind that there are many factors which can influence the results of your lab tests. In other words, these factors can reduce the accuracy of your results, and that’s why you need to follow up the doctor’s advice before drawing blood for testing. This article is going to offer you a broader understanding when it comes to factors which influence lab tests. Keep reading to learn more about your health and how you can optimize the results of your lab work investigations. 1. Biotin Biotin is also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H. This is a coenzyme the body needs for different metabolic processes. For example, the body needs biotin to optimize the metabolism of fat, carbohydrates, and protein. At the same time, biotin is also needed for the production of certain hormones. You can find biotin in fish, eggs, meat and certain vegetables such as spinach and broccoli. However, you can also take biotin supplements if needed. Adults need about 30 micrograms of biotin per day. Having more biotin in your system is not a problem, but it might affect some lab tests you make. For example, it can interfere with the results in certain blood tests, which might lead to an incorrect diagnosis of various health ailments. Biotin Uses and Supplementation As mentioned earlier, biotin is present in various pills and supplements you can buy online. For example, biotin can be used for treating alopecia, which is a health condition that makes people lose their hair. Doctors prescribe a dose of 5,000 to 10,000 micrograms of biotin per day to treat such health problems. At the same time, biotin can also be prescribed to pregnant women to support the healthy development of the baby. There are studies performed by researchers at various universities which prescribe large biotin doses to treat various problems with the nervous system. For example, multiple sclerosis might be treated with around 300,000 micrograms of biotin per day. Some people also use biotin to treat nail and skin problems since no studies are suggesting that a high amount of biotin can lead to health complications or injuries. How Biotin Affects Test Results Although supplementing with biotin can be beneficial for the body, this substance can greatly interfere with test results. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) mentioned that biotin could alter blood test results and cause incorrect diagnosis for certain health conditions. It is recommended that you stop biotin supplementation at least 72 hours before offering a blood or saliva sample. What Are the Lab Tests Which Might Be Affected by Biotin Supplementation? There are many blood tests which can be affected by excessive biotin levels in your bloodstream. Some of these tests include vitamin D tests, any tests which measure the thyroid hormones in your body as well as tests which look at the FSH and LH hormones. Troponin is another type of test commonly used to diagnose heart attacks and other problems related to the cardiovascular system. If you’re planning to do such blood tests in the future, make sure you put your biotin supplementation on hold to ensure you get accurate results. What Supplements Have Biotin? On top of getting biotin from your foods, this substance can also be taken from various vitamins or supplements available in drug stores. For example, most multivitamin pills, B-complex vitamins, and coenzyme R have high amounts of biotin in them. Similarly, supplements with vitamin H and prenatal vitamins might also contain biotin. If you’re taking some supplements for hair growth and skin improvement, chances are that you’re also getting some biotin from those. Look on the labels of the supplements you take and look for “biotin,” “vitamin B7”, “vitamin H,” or “coenzyme R” to see if your pills contain biotin. If you have been instructed to stop biotin supplementation a few days before your blood test but forgot to do so, make sure that you inform your doctor about it. Your health practitioner needs to know this is the case your results show inaccurate or confusing results. 2. Age The advancing age of a patient also significantly influences the results of a particular blood test. In most cases, people of an elderly age tend to receive a higher percentage of incorrect/inaccurate results in comparison with younger adults. That’s because certain hormones and substances in the body are interpreted differently by lab tests as their levels increase or decrease with age. To give you an accurate example, a lipid panel of an older adult is much different than the one of a young person. The levels of triglycerides, good cholesterol, and bad cholesterol tend to increase with age up to about 55-60 years in males and around 65 years in females. Some studies show that triglyceride levels continue to increase in senior females. When this happens, doctors don't use reference values based on age anymore because they are inefficient in people of elderly age. Instead, they test the risk of cardiovascular disease and formulate treatment options based on that because this method is much more efficient. At the same time, there are blood tests which measure the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men. PSA can increase in people of an elderly age as more PSA gets into the bloodstream and interferes with the test results. 3. Urinary Tract Infection Another factor that can influence the results of a PSA test consists of urinary tract infections. Various urinary tract bacteria can drastically alter the test results and lead to inaccurate diagnosis. That’s why it’s a good idea to tell your doctor if you ever had urinary tract infections so he can make a more accurate diagnosis when testing your PSA levels. 4. Prostate Procedures People who have had prostate procedures done are more likely to receive an incorrect diagnosis when doing prostate tests. For example, prostate surgery or biopsy, as well as prostatitis, can cause abnormal levels of PSA in the body. These factors can interfere with test results and cause false diagnosis. The doctor will eventually inform you when it's a good time to have a prostate test after you have had done a prostate surgery or biopsy. 5. Bicycle Riding Some studies have found that riding a bicycle can put a lot of pressure on the prostate, which can increase PSA levels. Therefore, prostate test results can come back with incorrect information, which leads to a false diagnosis. Another thing that can increase PSA levels is ejaculation since it makes more PSA leak into the bloodstream and affects the test results. 6. Obesity or High Body Weight Obesity is another health issue that affects the results of various blood tests. For example, obese men have greater BMI, and they usually have lower PSA concentrations. That's because obese men usually have a larger blood volume where PSA can get diluted. As a result, a prostate test can return false PSA results which affect the diagnosis set by the doctor. Similarly, obesity can also affect the results of rheumatoid arthritis tests. During those tests, various inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are checked to detect the level of inflammation in the body. Some studies show that obese people tend to have higher levels of ESR and CRP in their bodies, and this can interfere with the results, leading to false diagnosis. Buy a CRP Test Here Another blood test that can be affected by body weight is creatinine (used to assess kidney function). This test result may be artificially elevated in people with higher body weight or lean mass.  Cystatin C may be a better indicator of kidney function in those patients. 7. Medications Any medication that you might take before doing a blood test can significantly influence the results. Make sure that you inform your doctor about the pills you take, so he can take that into account when interpreting the results. If it is possible, you can discontinue certain medication (after you have received doctor’s approval) to make sure that your blood tests are more accurate. There are many types of medications which can influence the results of blood tests, including prostate test, inflammation tests, etc. For example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can alter the results of a blood test. Other important ones include blood pressure medication, which is known as thiazide diuretics. Some of the most common medication in this category include hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, and others. These medications tend to lower PSA levels and lead to a false diagnosis in prostate blood tests. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors also affect PSA levels. These inhibitors are represented by dutasteride and finasteride, which also decrease the PSA levels by almost 50 %. Metformin, a popular diabetes drug that is gaining anti-aging interest, can reduce B vitamin blood levels. This fact needs to be considered when testing for B-12 or other vitamins. 8. Biological Rhythms Various hormones and other substances in the body have significantly different levels at certain moments of the day. For example, you have different cortisol or testosterone levels in the morning compared with those in the evening. That’s why it’s important to do certain tests at specific moments of the day to ensure the accuracy of the test. Your doctor will usually inform you about that and tell you when it’s the best time for a blood test. Testosterone blood levels peak early in the morning, usually between 7 am, and 9 am. This time of the day is when a testosterone blood test should be done. Throughout the day, testosterone levels slowly decrease, and by evening, they are about two times lower than in the morning. The same story goes for cortisol levels as well. The levels of cortisol in your body peak early in the morning, and they gradually decline by 50%-100% until the end of the day. The time of the month or year is also very important when doing health checkups. For example, getting more vitamin D into your body relies on how much you are exposed to the sun. You can also get supplements with vitamin D if necessary, but sun exposure is one of the best and most efficient ways to get vitamin D. The levels of this vitamin in your bloodstream need to be interpreted based on the time of the year. For example, it’s normal to have the lowest levels of vitamin D during winter times since that’s when sun exposure is limited. 9. Pregnancy A pregnant woman can also have different test results in comparison with one who isn't pregnant. Pregnancy can change the amount of blood in the body, influence liver hormones, renal function, and other metabolic processes. Changes in hormone levels depend on the pregnancy stage, and they are usually compared against reference values. Physicians can give a pregnant woman more information on how to interpret these results and what they should do about them. 10. Food and Water The foods you eat and beverages you drink can influence the results of blood tests. For example, fasting, restricting calories, or being dehydrated can lead to incorrect test results and false diagnosis. To give you an example, a diet rich in protein can lead to increased uric acid levels, and this will be shown in various blood and urine tests. Similarly, a diet which is low in carbohydrates can increase the levels of ketones (ketogenic diet). If a person is a vegan or vegetarian, the levels of vitamin B12 in his/her bloodstream will be low. Some studies have shown that carbohydrates can temporarily decrease testosterone blood levels, so it is important to measure testosterone before breakfast. Fasting is needed before drawing blood for most blood testing. Patients are usually asked to fast for about 8-12 hours before doing a blood test. Fasting is important when checking lipid levels, blood sugar levels, some hormones, and substances in the body. Not fasting before a CMP test, for example, can lead to an incorrect diagnosis of diabetes type 2 since glucose can be elevated, which is a life-threatening condition if not treated properly. The Lipid Panel test (Triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol) also requires fasting.  Failure to do so may cause the triglycerides value to be higher than normal. For more information about which tests require fasting, read: Fasting Blood Tests - Everything You Need to Know Dehydration also plays a vital role when it comes to blood testing. It can increase blood test values by decreasing the water content of the blood. It can be seen as an imbalance in sodium and potassium levels and lead to false diagnosis. For example, dehydration can affect albumin levels, blood lipids, creatinine (kidney), hematocrit, and some hormones in the body. 11. Caffeine, Alcohol, and Tobacco Drinking a lot of caffeine from coffee or green tea can also affect some blood test results. Although more studies are necessary when it comes to caffeine, there is a chance that this substance can alter blood glucose levels and temporarily increase them. Caffeine usually passes through the body in around 5 hours, so its effects are less significant in comparison with other substances. Caffeine can also affect hydration, a factor mentioned above. Last but not least, caffeine can increase blood pressure in some people. The lab technician may be alarmed about your blood pressure before drawing your blood. Alcohol, on the other hand, has a more significant effect on blood tests, depending on how much is consumed and when. For example, this substance might lower serum glucose levels in people of all ages and increase plasma lactate. These changes can happen, especially if alcohol is consumed 2 or 4 hours before drawing blood for testing. At the same time, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to other problems such as elevated triglyceride levels, elevated creatine kinase levels, elevated liver enzymes, and increased uric acid. As a result, blood tests can be affected, and the doctor could subsequently give a false diagnosis. Frequent alcohol consumption can also lead to mineral and vitamin deficiencies, particularly decreasing the B-complex vitamins. This potential B vitamin deficiency is a concerning problem in chronic alcohol abusers since the vitamins in the B complex are responsible for the proper functioning of the brain and nervous system. Patients are asked to cease alcohol consumption at least 24-48 hours before drawing blood for testing. This period should give the body enough time to process the alcohol consumed and prevent blood test levels from being affected. However, liver enzymes and triglycerides may not return to baseline in that short period. Another substance of concern is tobacco, which can also have a profound influence on blood test results. Those who smoke cigarettes have higher levels of nicotine in their bodies. As you probably know, nicotine is a drug which can increase cortisol levels and elevate concentrations of fatty acids in the blood. It may also increase hematocrit (red blood cell proportion, part of the CBC panel) since the body tries to produce more red blood cells to compensate for the lower oxygen level it is getting due to smoke in your lungs. As a result, blood tests can come up with confusing results. Whether cigarette smoking is acute or chronic, it’s detrimental for one’s health, and it can mess up with lab investigations. Cigarettes also contain thousands of toxins and chemicals which are harmful to the body, including arsenic and cadmium. These can increase the biomarkers of inflammation in the blood and show up in blood tests. 12. Exercise Physical exercise is one of the most important factors that influence blood test results. Whether you do resistance training, HIIT, yoga, or go for a bicycle ride, this activity could influence some of your blood tests. For example, after an intense session of exercise, the levels of creatine kinase (CK) in the body are increased. CK can remain elevated for up to a week, and this will be picked up on blood tests. Different types of exercises can also increase or decrease thyroid hormone blood tests. For example, doing anaerobic exercises can elevate the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the body. At the same time, anaerobic exercises can also decrease FT3 levels. It is estimated that thyroid hormone levels can be altered for several hours or even several days, depending on the individual and his fitness level. Marathoners are also highly exposed to have altered hormonal levels before and after completing a run. For example, the levels of glucose, albumin, protein, and bilirubin were measured in professional marathoners 4 hours after a run. All these hormones were increased. Studies performed on professional football players who train regularly also reveal that frequent exercise can boost immune function. One study looked at the white blood cell count in 31 males who didn’t do any exercise as well as 32 males who were playing football for a year. The white blood cell count was significantly higher in football players, and this leads to the conclusion that regular exercise can improve the immune response of a person. In another study performed on marathoners, it has been discovered that regular jogging for long periods can reduce the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), which is a known marker of inflammation. However, excessive running can increase CRP and other inflammatory markers. When doctors perform an inflammation panel, they test the CRP levels primarily. They want to determine if the inflammation in the body is chronic or acute. Having lower CRP levels as marathoners do helps them avoid chronic inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, some marathoners also had high PSA levels after completing a marathon. PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, and it’s a marker of prostate disease. 2 out of 21 marathoners had increased PSA levels after running a marathon, which might state a problem with the prostate tissue. However, this can be a false diagnosis since vigorous exercise tends to increase PSA levels in certain people. That’s why doctors recommend performing prostate tests twice if PSA levels are increased as a result of exercise. At the same time, one should wait at least 24 hours after exercise to do a prostate exam to get a more accurate diagnosis. Last but not least, weightlifting has been shown to result in profound increases in liver function tests in healthy men used to moderate physical activity, not including weightlifting. Liver function tests are significantly increased for at least 7 days after weightlifting. It is important to impose relevant restrictions on heavy muscular exercise prior to and during clinical studies.   Get Your Health Checked Up Today! It’s amazing that we live in an era when we can order a blood test online and get the results back in a few days. The whole process is also confidential and super-affordable! You should take advantage of that and order your first blood test today. If you don’t know what to start with, check out the popular tests on DiscountedLabs, and explore the multitude of blood panels available. These tests are inexpensive, and they’ll help you get your health under control!

What is Biotin? Biotin, also known as vitamin B or vitamin H, is a dietary supplement that is often taken for hair, skin, and nail health. It is marketed under various names, including vitamin B7, vitamin H, and coenzyme R. Recent studies have shown the benefit of biotin for medical conditions such as hair and nail problems, diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis. Biotin supplements taken at common over-the-counter doses can interfere with the results of certain hormone assays, giving falsely high or low results that could lead to a misdiagnosis, researchers reported. Biotin deficiency, while unusual in modern times, can still occur and may lead to various health issues. Biotin supplements in very large amounts (10–15 mg) (333 times the daily recommended amount) have become popular because they are thought to help with hair growth, diabetes, lipid disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. They are also thought to help with treatment of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders, lipid disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The Mayo Clinic has also reported on the potential interference of biotin with hormone tests. Biotin At A Glance Many patients are taking megadoses of biotin that can cause falsely high and falsely low results in a variety of laboratory tests, including thyroid tests. Biotin has no impact on hormone tests used with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry. Patients are taking these supplements mainly to improve their hair, skin, and nails and might not consider them medications to report on their list. Most multivitamins do not have enough biotin for concern, however. Biotin interference with lab tests could be causing misdiagnoses — and even mistreatment — in an unknown number of patients. Biotin Affects Blood Tests Performed with Immunoassays High doses of biotin may interfere with lab tests because biotin is a common component of many immunoassays in the form of biotinylated antibodies or analogs. If you are taking a biotin supplement, please stop it at least 4 days before getting your blood drawn. Biotin supplements taken at common over-the-counter doses can interfere with the results of certain hormone assays, giving falsely high or low results that could lead to a misdiagnosis and mimic the typical biochemical picture of Grave's disease. Biotin supplements, at very large doses of 10–15 mg (333-fold greater than the dietary recommendation), have become popular for the presumptive benefits of stimulating hair growth, diabetes, lipid disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Biotin interference is particularly prominent in competitive immunoassays, which are commonly used for low-molecular-weight targets such as T4, T3, and cortisol. Therefore, it is important to stop taking biotin supplements before undergoing any blood tests performed with competitive immunoassays to avoid misleading results. Biotin interference causes inaccurate results, highlighting the importance of avoiding biotin supplements before blood tests, particularly those involving parathyroid hormone levels. What Are the Typical Tests That Higher-Dose Biotin May Affect? Biotin can affect a wide variety of laboratory tests. Examples include tests for: Troponin—a test used to help diagnose heart attacks Thyroid hormone tests, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) tests Other hormones, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), cortfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), Vitamin D levels How Much Does Taking Biotin Actually Affect TSH Results? Based on the search results, taking high doses of biotin (vitamin B7) can significantly interfere with thyroid function tests, including TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), and lead to inaccurate results. The key points regarding biotin's effect on TSH are:When using immunoassays that use the biotin-streptavidin binding mechanism [1, 3, 6, 7, 9], biotin interference often leads to TSH levels that are too low. This is because too much biotin makes it harder for the TSH-antibody complex to bind to the streptavidin-coated solid phase in these "sandwich" immunoassays. The degree of TSH suppression depends on the dose of biotin and the specific assay method used by the laboratory [1, 3, 6, 7]. Higher biotin doses generally cause more suppression of the measured TSH level. One study found that taking 10 mg of biotin daily for 7 days caused TSH levels to be falsely low for up to 8 hours after the last biotin dose when measured on certain assay platforms like Roche Cobas and Beckman UniCel. With a 10 mg biotin dose, TSH remained falsely low for 1-2 days. Another study showed that taking 10,000 mcg (10 mg) of biotin daily caused TSH levels to be falsely low, mimicking hyperthyroidism, even though the patient was clinically euthyroid. Biotin interference can lead to misdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism or mismanagement of thyroid disorders like thyroid cancer if TSH is being used to monitor suppressive levothyroxine therapy [4, 7]. To sum up, high-dose biotin supplements, which are often used to treat hair, skin, and nails, can significantly lower measured TSH levels through assay interference. This could lead to a wrong diagnosis and bad treatment changes if biotin intake is not taken into account. The effect is dose-dependent and can last for 1-2 days after stopping high biotin doses. [1,3,6,7,9,12] Discussion - Our patient, who was taking 10000 mg/day of biotin for multiple sclerosis, showed lab results of falsely elevated free T3 and T4 and falsely low TSH, mimicking symptoms of hyperthyroidism. His thyroid function report returned to normal when he stopped taking biotin for five days, showing no signs of hyperthyroidism. When to Stop Biotin Before Thyroid or OTher Hormone Tests High doses of biotin can interfere with certain thyroid tests and other hormone tests, leading to inaccurate results. It is recommended to stop taking biotin at least 2 days before undergoing any thyroid function tests to ensure the most accurate readings. This precaution is essential as biotin ingestion can skew thyroid hormone levels in blood tests, potentially causing misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has recommended stopping biotin at least 2 days prior to lab testing, specifically thyroid labs, to avoid spurious results, especially for free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Always consult with your healthcare provider for specific guidance on when to discontinue biotin before thyroid testing. The FDA Stance on Biotin The FDA has said these about biotin's potential interference with lab tests: Know that biotin is found in multivitamins, including prenatal multivitamins, biotin supplements, and supplements for hair, skin, and nail growth in levels that may interfere with laboratory tests. However, the amount of biotin can vary significantly among different products. Consider that the daily recommended allowance for biotin is 0.03 mg (300 mcg) and that amount does not typically cause interference in lab tests Biotin Can Interfere with Certain Blood Tests: Physicians Should Warn Patients Clinicians are cautioned to act decisively given the risk of inaccurate or missed diagnosis and in light of the urgency that prompted a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Communication on this very topic. The FDA recommends that clinicians take the following precautions: Talk to your patients about any biotin supplements they may be taking, including supplements marketed for hair, skin, and nail growth Be aware that many lab tests, including but not limited to cardiovascular diagnostic tests and hormone tests, that use biotin technology are potentially affected, and incorrect test results may be generated if there is biotin in the patient’s specimen Communicate to the lab conducting the testing if your patient is taking biotin If a lab test result doesn’t match the clinical presentation of your patient, consider biotin interference as a possible source of error Know that biotin is found in multivitamins, including prenatal multivitamins, biotin supplements, and dietary supplements for hair, skin, and nail growth in levels that may interfere with lab tests Report to the lab test manufacturer and the FDA if you become aware of a patient experiencing an adverse event following potentially incorrect laboratory test results due to biotin interference. Common Questions and Answers: Does biotin interfere with TPO antibodies on a thyroid test? Biotin can interfere with TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase) antibody test results, leading to falsely elevated or decreased levels. If you are taking biotin supplements and are scheduled for a thyroid test, it is recommended to inform your healthcare provider about your biotin use. This will allow them to provide guidance on whether you need to stop taking biotin before the test to ensure accurate results. It's important for healthcare professionals to have all the necessary information to interpret your test results correctly and make appropriate recommendations based on accurate data. How does biotin interact with thyroid medication? Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that is often included in multivitamin supplements and promoted for its potential benefits for hair, skin, and nails. However, recent literature suggests that high doses of biotin can interfere with certain thyroid function tests, leading to inaccurate results. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology advises discussing biotin therapy with your healthcare provider, especially if you are taking thyroid medication, because this interference is more common in people who take biotin supplements at levels much higher than the recommended daily intake. If you are taking thyroid medication and considering adding a biotin supplement to your routine, it is important to discuss this with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on the appropriate dosage of biotin and how it may interact with your thyroid medication. In some cases, they may recommend temporarily stopping the biotin supplement before thyroid function tests to ensure accurate results. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional when making changes to your medication or supplement regimen to avoid any potential interactions or adverse effects. Can biotin affect thyroid function? Biotin can interfere with some thyroid function tests, leading to inaccurate results. If you are undergoing thyroid function testing, it is recommended to inform your healthcare provider if you are taking biotin supplements, as they may advise you to discontinue them temporarily before the test. It's important to follow your healthcare provider's guidance to ensure accurate test results and proper interpretation. Click here for other FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT THE ACCURACY OF YOUR BLOOD TEST RESULTS  References "Thyroid hormone interference caused by biotin: review and case illustration" - PMC "Assessment of Biotin Interference in Thyroid Function Tests" (MD Journal) "The effect of biotin on thyroid function tests: A synthetic overview" (PMC) "Case of a misdiagnosed thyroid disorder due to biotin interference" - Journal of Medical Case Reports "Biotin Interference with Thyroid Function Tests - Safety Alert" (Health Sciences Authority) "Biotin supplementation and its impact on thyroid function testing: Analysis of a community population" (PMC) "Review on the interference of dietary supplements on clinical laboratory tests: Biotin and its effect on thyroid function testing" (International Journal of Thyroidology) "Biotin Supplementation: Implications for Thyroid Testing" - Thyroid.org "January 2016 - Thyroid Month: Beware of Biotin" (Endocrine News) "Understanding Biotin Interference in Thyroid Tests" (Medscape) "Biotin and Thyroid Testing: A Quantitative Review" (Journal of Endocrine Society) "New Insights into Biotin Interference with Thyroid Tests" (Thyroid.org) FDA In Brief: FDA provides draft recommendations to diagnostic manufacturers to help reduce risks of biotin interference with certain lab tests The FDA Warns that Biotin May Interfere with Lab Tests: FDA Safety Communication  

Excess biotin in the blood from supplements can cause some. Still, not all, lab test results are either falsely increased or falsely decreased, causing healthcare practitioners to misdiagnose and mistreat their patients. Find out what supplements contain biotin, about standard tests affected by biotin, and how healthcare professionals can prepare you for testing if you take biotin. WHAT IS BIOTIN? A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex, biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H), is used as a dietary supplement and in medicine. Because biotin insufficiency is so uncommon, there is no recommended daily intake (RDI) for biotin supplementation; nonetheless, the recommended daily intake for individuals in the United States is between 30 and 100 mcg. 1 Biotin's effective half-life ranges from 8 to 18 hours. 2 It is also known as vitamin B7 or water-soluble vitamin H. Biotin helps enzymes carry out carboxylation reactions that are a part of the Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis, and the breakdown of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids. While the recommended daily intake of biotin is 30 mcg for adults, the average intake of this micronutrient in Western diets is about 35-70 mcg daily.Approximately 15-20% of US adults take supraphysiologic doses of biotin-containing supplements for common hair and skin problems, weight loss, enhanced glucose metabolism, and boosting energy. Biotin also has pharmacologic indications for multiple sclerosis, malabsorption syndrome, dysregulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, biotin-thiamin responsive basal ganglia disease, and genetic biotin deficiency. It is also used in alleviating muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients. Unfortunately, when consumed in high doses, typically in over-the-counter supplements, biotin interferes with the biotin-streptavidin system used in many immunoassays. The biotin-streptavidin complex is reliable for its strong non-covalent bond. The strong affinity of biotin to streptavidin makes it resistant to organic solvents, denaturants, detergents, and proteolytic enzymes, as well as extremes of temperature and pH.Impact of Biotin on ImmunoassaysAn excess biotin intake may adversely affect immunoassays in two different ways: In competitive immunoassays, excessive biotin is likely to produce a falsely high result; In immunometric or sandwich assays may result in false low results. RESULTS FROM A LABORATORY USING BIOTIN A powerful, exact, and stable connection spontaneously forms between streptavidin and biotin. This technology, which has been around for a while, enables the creation of sensitive, focused, and precise immunoassays. The accuracy of immunoassays can be impacted by various interference and error causes.3-5 While taking biotin in large levels can interfere with immunoassays, taking biotin as an ingredient in a typical multivitamin carries no risk of this assay interference. 6 WHAT TYPICAL PATIENT POPULATIONS USE BIOTIN? There is no RDI for biotin because it is thought to be extremely rare. Adults are advised to consume 30-100 mcg of biotin daily. 1 Three distinct demographics should be considered when thinking about using biotin as a supplement: • Taking a daily multivitamin • Therapeutic use of biotin at high doses • OTC (Over-the-counter) lifestyle supplements containing high doses of biotin Use of daily multivitamins: A common daily multivitamin contains the nutrient biotin. The usual dose is 30–40 mcg. Treatment with high doses of biotin includes treating genetic diseases such holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, biotin-thiamin-responsive basal ganglia illness, and biotinidase deficiency.7 Additionally, high-dose biotin is currently being tested in clinical settings as a possible treatment for multiple sclerosis patients. 9 OTC lifestyle high-dose biotin supplements: Some customers use supplements with high concentrations of biotin (5,000–10,000 mcg), which are now marketed to support healthy hair, skin, and nails.   INTERRUPTION BY BIOTIN IN IMMUNOASSAYS According to all Roche immunoassay box inserts, patients taking biotin doses >5,000 mcg should wait at least 8 hours following the final biotin injection before a sample is taken to reduce the risk of interference.   PATIENT IDENTIFICATION FOR BIOTIN TREATMENT Before doing any laboratory tests, it is crucial to inquire about patients' use of all supplements, including biotin, to ensure testing accuracy.  TESTING OF PATIENTS Prior to testing, it's crucial to ask patients the correct questions in both routine and emergency situations. You can identify potential interference from the outset and take it into account in your diagnostic evaluation and other important criteria by asking patients about their levels of biotin intake. Evaluation of the clinical picture should be done when making a diagnosis and a therapy decision.   WHAT ARE THE COMMON TESTS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY HIGHER-DOSE BIOTIN? Biotin can affect a wide variety of laboratory tests. Examples include tests for: Troponin—a test used to help diagnose heart attacks Thyroid hormone tests, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) tests Other hormones, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), cortfollicle-stimulating hormone, (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Vitamin D levels   Some laboratory platforms use methods that do not experience interference from biotin, even for the above examples. Tests that employ methods free from biotin interference can sometimes be used for re-testing samples from patients in whom biotin interference is suspected, similar to what is seen in the video, Biotin: Friend and Foe. Alternatively, after the patient has refrained from taking biotin, re-testing may be done later.   REFERENCES 1. Accessed on 5/26/2017 at http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/biotin-oral-route/description/drg-20062359.2. Peyro Saint Paul et al., Expert Opinion Drug Metab-Txicol 2016, 12, 327–344.3. Boscato et al. Clinical Chemistry 1998; 34(1): 27–33.4. Kroll et al. Clinical Chemistry 1994; 40(11 Pt 1): 1996–2005.5. Kricka, Clinical Chemistry 1999; 45(7):942–956.6. Internal data; draft of text. Biotinidase Deficiency. 7. Wolf B. 2000 Mar 24 [Updated on June 9, 2016] edited by Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, et al. online resource GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2017. Seattle (WA).8. Kassem et al., AJNR 2014, 35(10):1990–19959. Sedel et al., Mult. Scler. Rel. Disord. 2015, 4, 159-169              

Table of contents Table of Contents Study #1 - The link between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, body composition and glucose tolerance in seniors Study #2 – Seasonal variation of vitamin D in Danish adults and children Study #3 – Vitamin D3 and interleukin 18 are closely linked with depression in men with psoriasis Study #4 – The correlation between vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and trabecular bone score Study #5 – The link between vitamin D supplementation, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight men Study #6 – The association between vitamin D deficiency and Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis in obese people Study #7 – The link between MTHFR deficiency, sperm DNA hypomethylation and high doses of folic acid Study #8 – the link between selenium status and the prevalence of prostate cancer Study #9 – The relationship between vitamin D and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) Study #1 - The link between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, body composition and glucose tolerance in seniors This study a.nalyzes the connection between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance as well as body composition in men and women. Study participants were 271 community-dwelling seniors over 60 years of age. The study analysis focused on comparing the appendicular lean mass index and fat mass index based on serum vitamin D concentrations. Multivariable linear regression as used depending on the BMI of the study participants, their physical activity level, smoking status, sex, and age. Study results The study concluded that those in the lowest serum vitamin D quartile had a higher fat mass in comparison with those in the third quartile and first quartile. The highest serum vitamin D quartile was associated with better insulin sensitivity and less predisposition to develop type 2 diabetes. The highest insulin resistance was seen in patients in the second serum vit,amin D quartile The study results indicate that a low serum vitamin D might be associated with impaired glucose metabolism and a higher fat mass index, regardless of BMI and other risk factors. Study #2 – Seasonal variation of vitamin D in Danish adults and children This study looks at the vitamin D variation in Danish children and adults depending on the season. Three thousand ninety-two people participated in the study. The participation had a profound effect on vitamin D concentrations in those people who were children and 2565 adults. The study took place between 2012 and 2014. A small portion of these participants had blood drawn each month to accurately determine the vitamin D concentration in Nordic populations. Information regarding vitamin D supplementation was also obtained using questionnaires. The seasonal variations of vitamin D were measured and recorded based on age, sex, and supplementation level. Study results The study concluded that approximately 86% of adults and children had sufficient vitamin D in during spring or autumn. Many participants had spring concentrations below 50 nmol/L. The study also found out that women generally had better average concentrations of vitamin D in comparison with men. Vitamin D supplementation was measured accurately, and it has been found that it had a profound effect on vitamin D concentrations in both adults and children, particularly during spring. The study indicates that vitamin D variation during different seasons is significant, and bi-seasonal measurements are required to determine the vitamin D concentration in Nordic populations accurately. Study #3 – Vitamin D3 and interleukin 18 are closely linked with depression in men with psoriasis Psoriasis patients have common traits including a deficiency of vitamin D3, systemic inflammation, and others. This study looks at the link between the severity of the depression and certain inflammation biomarkers in men with psoriasis. Eighty-five men participated in the study. The average age was 47 years, give or take 14 years. Sixty-five men without psoriasis also participated in the study and their average age, give or take 13 years. Both groups of men had their BMI and blood pressure measured a,s well as serum concentrations of lipids, interleukin 6 and 18, vitamin D3 and cortisol. The participants filled the Beck depression inventory, and those who had psoriasis were assessed depending on severity and body area covered by lesions. Study results The study concluded that patients with psoriasis had higher cholesterol profiles, higher interleukin 18 levels, higher body mass indices, and lower vitamin D3 concentrations in the bloodstream compared to the control group. Moreover, the depression severity in patients with psoriasis was positively correlated with the duration and severity of psoriasis and negatively correlated with vitamin D3 concentrations. The study results indicate a link between high concentrations of interleukin 18, low concentrations of vitamin D3 and the severity of depression in men with psoriasis. This is an important finding because it opens up the path to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplementation or anti-inflammatory treatments might be effective in patients with psoriasis. Study #4 – The correlation increased vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and trabecular bone score This study looks at the association between trabecular bone score, vitamin D and omega-3 trial in men and women. The trabecular bone score represents a method to determine bone density based on bone microarchitecture. It is a marker for osteoporosis. This research analyzed TBS (trabecular bone score) to determine if it differs based on sex, age, race or BMI. The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation were analyzed to determine their effectiveness in reducing risks for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Six hundred seventy-two people participated in this study. Three hundred of them were men, and 303 were women. The average age was 63 years, give or take six years. Study results The study concluded that TBS was higher in men than women but lower in those who had high BMI drank too much alcohol, used SSRI or had diabetes. It has also been found that a low TBS is correlated with a history of fragility fractures. The TBS didn’t vary depending on caffeine use, race or smoking habits. More studies are required to determine if vitamin D supplementation might help improve TBS and prevent osteoporosis observed results were changes in body fat percentage and Study #5 – The link between vitamin D supplementation, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight men This study examines the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and health problems such as adiposity and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness. It was a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study which took place throughout six months. Forty obese or overweight people participated in the study. Their BMI was higher than 25, and their vitamin D deficiency was ≤ 55 nmol/L. The study participants received 2000 IU vitamin D pills or placebo. Body composition data and the level of cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed, and blood samples were drawn from the participants. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body composition, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. Study results The first results observed were changes in body fat percentage as well as oxygen uptake. However, there was no important difference between the placebo and intervention groups when it comes to BMI and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold. This means that supplementing with 2000 IU of vitamin D per day doesn’t influence body composition in overweight or obese men who are deficient in this vitamin. Study #6 – The association between vitamin D deficiency and Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis in obese people Insufficient amounts of vitamin D has been correlated with autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's disorder. Obesity is a primary risk factor for developing autoimmune diseases because it is associated with low vitamin D levels. This study looks at the possible link between low levels of vitamin D and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. Participants in the study were 261 healthy overweight and obese men and women. Their average age was 41 years, give or take approximately 16 years. These were healthy people with no signs of chronic diseases and completely drug-free. The study measured multiple health parameters such as fasting levels of vitamin D, antibodies, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, TSH, thyroid peroxidase, glucose, cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and uric acid. Other parameters measured include BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure. Study results Approximately 55% of the study participants were deficient in vitamin D. Almost 20% of them had autoimmune thyroiditis. The number of people with vitamin D deficiency who also had autoimmune thyroiditis was significantly higher than those who didn’t have AT. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was also higher in patients with AT, compared with patients who didn’t have AT. The study concluded that those who had AT had a higher chance of being `deficient in vitamin D, in comparison with people who didn’t have AT. Approximately 76% of people with vitamin D deficiency were obese, in comparison with 59% of people who didn’t have vitamin D deficiency and were also obese. These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is linked to AT in obese people. Moreover, obesity is also associated with low levels of vitamin D in the bloodstream. The study recommends testing for AT in all overweight and obese patients who have vitamin D deficiency. Study #7 – The link between MTHFR deficiency, sperm DNA hypomethylation and high doses of folic acid High doses of folic acid (vitamin B9) are used to improve the sperm quality of infertile men. Folic acid is an important factor in the DNA methylation process. The researchers who conducted this study discovered a decrease in DNA methylation in the sperm of infertile men who took 5mg of folic acid a day for six months. The epigenomic impact of folic acid on male germ cells was investigated on mice. These mice were given high doses of folic acid (ten times more than the recommended daily intake) or control diets for up to 6 months. Study results There were no significant changes in overall health markers or sperm quality at the end of the study. DNA hypomethylation was detected in mice which received high doses of folic acid. Wild-type mice were given even higher doses of folic acid (20 times the RDI), and they showed signs of DNA hypomethylation only with these very high doses and after 12 months of supplementation, in comparison with other mice. The amount of testicular MTHFR protein levels was decreased in wild-type mice which received 20 times the RDI of folic acid, but not in those who received just ten times the RDI. This finding might suggest that MTHFR deficiency plays an important role in the DNA hypomethylation of sperm. The results of the study indicate that high doses of folic acid might be responsible for sperm DNA hypomethylation and MTHFR deficiency might play an important role in this process. Study #8 – the link between selenium status and the prevalence of prostate cancer The amount of selenium in the body is inversely correlated with prostate cancer, but supplementing with selenium hasn’t been shown to reduce the incidence of this type of cancer. This study looks at the relationship between selenium status, prostate cancer and the genotype of selenoproteins. The gene which encodes selenoprotein 15 is called SELENOF. Tissue microarrays of SELENOF were analyzed to determine its levels and the location of cells in prostate tissue. The study participants were people from the Chicago-based Adiposity Study Cohort. DNA samples from these patients were used to determine genotype frequencies of SELENOF and SELENOP (selenium-carrier protein) as well as baseline selenium levels. Study results The study concluded that SELENOF is significantly decreased in tumors from African-American men in comparison with tumors from Caucasian men. The SELENOF genotypes were linked with higher tumor grades, while the polymorphism in SELENOP was linked with increased serum PSA. Study #9 – The relationship between vitamin D and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) There is an increasing amount of data linking low serum vitamin D levels with cardiovascular diseases. Based on this evidence, the purpose of this study is to analyze if low levels of vitamin D would be correlated with the progression of vascular disease in Canadian adults who are HIV positive. The researchers looked at the link between baseline vitamin D levels and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). This assessment took place between 2002 and 2011. The study was performed using stored blood samples from the Canadian HIV Vascular Study.128 people participated in this study and the average age was approximately 47 years, give or take eight years. Study results Approximately 94% of the study participants were white and nearly 37% of them were smokers. About 14% of the total number of participants was deficient in vitamin D. These people were monitored for up to 8 and a half years on an annual basis, and the CIMT was accurately assessed. The study concluded that baseline levels of vitamin D were inversely associated with CIMT progression. Further studies are required to determine if supplementation might be a good treatment option for this Canadian population. What is vitamin D? Vitamin D is a secosteroid required for absorbing calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the intestinal tract. Vitamin D as a whole consists of a group of secosteroids. The most popular ones are vitamin D3 (aka Cholecalciferol) andvitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol). The human body synthesizes vitamin D from sunlight through the skin. This vitamin is also present in very few foods, but one can use supplementation to get the required daily allowance of vitamin D. What is the RDA of vitamin D? The recommended dietary intake of vitamin D depends on age, but most adults and teenagers need approximately 500-600 IU of vitamin D a day. However, a plethora of researchers agree that it is safe to get more than 600 IU of vitamin D per day since this substance is very important for optimal health. Vitamin D can be taken from certain types of foods such as: · Cod liver oil – important source, approximately 1,300 IU per tablespoon · Salmon – approximately 450 IU per 3 ounces of cooked salmon · Tuna – approximately 150 IU per 3 ounces · Eggs – nearly 40 IU of vitamin D are found in the yolk · Sardines · Milk · Yogurt · Orange juice Vitamin D can also be taken from exposure to sunlight, but the amount synthesized by the skin depends on a lot of factors. For example, the amount of skin exposed to sunlight, whether there are clouds in the sky or not, current season, as well as applied sunscreen, can increase or decrease the amount of vitamin D absorbed by the skin. It's important to know a few things when it comes to producing vitamin D through the skin: · Exposure to sunshine through windows doesn’t allow the skin to produce vitamin D · A sky covered with clouds can reduce the absorption rate by 50% · Sunscreen prevents most of the skin from producing vitamin D, but the shielding is not 100% effective. Some vitamin D is produced even if sunscreen is applied · Exposing the legs, arms, face or back from 5 to 30 minutes twice a week might provide the body with sufficient amounts of vitamin D · Using commercial tanning beds can also help the skin produce some vitamin D, but the amounts are minimal Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency The cells in the body have receptors for vitamin D and this substance acts as a hormone. Unfortunately, it is believed that approximately 1 billion people are deficient in vitamin D. Almost 41% of US citizens have low levels of vitamin D in their bodies, according to a 2011 study. Here are some of the most common signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency: 1. Excessive fatigue – chronic tiredness can have multiple causes, and a deficiency in vitamin D might be one of them. For example, people who have vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml might experience excessive fatigue regularly 2. Depression – depressed people might have low levels of vitamin D in their bloodstream. Observational studies discovered an important relationship between vitamin D deficiency and symptoms of depression and anxiety. 3. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve seasonal depression symptoms 4. Bone deterioration – since vitamin D is involved in the absorption of calcium in the intestinal tract, too little vitamin D might lead to bone loss in people of all ages. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with fragility fractures regularly 5. Back pain – studies show that vitamin D deficiency might also be correlated with severe back pains as well as joint and leg pains 6. Getting sick regularly – vitamin D plays an important role in protecting the body against viruses and bacteria. It stimulates the immune system and prevents colds and flu. People who have a deficiency in vitamin D usually get sick more often and are more sensitive to seasonal viruses and bacteria 7. Slow healing of cuts and bruises – vitamin D is necessary to create new skin tissue and complete the healing process of wounds and cuts. If there isn’t enough vitamin D in the body, injuries might heal slower than usual, and this can be a sign of vitamin D deficiency Who might be at risk for developing vitamin D deficiency? Some people are more likely to havetoo little vitamin D in their bodies. These people are known as groups at risk for vitamin D inadequacy. For example, people who have darker skin are less likely to get enough vitamin D from sunlight, even if they spend a lot of time outdoors. Studies show that the black population is consistently deficient in vitamin D in comparison with white populations. This happens because the extra melanin in the skin of black people prevents the skin from absorbing enough amounts of vitamin D. In such cases, supplementing with vitamin D is a viable option as well as taking this vital nutrient from certain foods such as sardines and tuna. People who spend most of their times indoors are also more likely to develop vitamin D deficiency, for obvious reasons. For example, business professionals who work full-time jobs in office buildings and potentially spend extra time at home working don’t get much exposure to sunlight. Similarly, many children spend a lot of time playing computer games indoors these days, and this can affect their vitamin D absorption. Parents should make a habit of sending their kids outside to get fresh air and a healthy dose of vitamin D from sunlight. Lastly, obese people are commonly associated with low amounts of vitamin D in the bloodstream. This might happen because men and women with a BMI of over 30 have higher amounts of subcutaneous fat. This fat is likely to prevent the release of vitamin D in blood circulation and trap absorbed vitamin D in fat tissues. What to do next? Now you understand the importance of getting adequate amounts of vitamin D in your body. The next logical step would be to become more aware of your vitamin D intake and try to increase it, if possible. For example, consider eating more foods rich in vitamin D as well as exposing your skin to sunlight more often. Vitamin D supplementation is also a good idea, but make sure you speak with your physician first. You might want to assess your vitamin D levels with a blood test before beginning supplementation.  

What is Vitamin D and Why is it Important? Vitamin D is crucial for our health, particularly for strong bones and muscles. It helps our body absorb calcium and phosphorus from food, which are vital for bone health. Lack of vitamin D can lead to bone diseases like rickets in children, osteomalacia (softening of bones), and osteoporosis (brittle bones) in adults. Researchers are also exploring its role in preventing other health issues like infections, autoimmune diseases, heart disease, and even cancer. On the flip side, too much vitamin D can cause problems like high calcium levels, which might result in kidney stones. How Do We Get Vitamin D? There are two main types of vitamin D: D3 (cholecalciferol) and D2 (ergocalciferol). When exposed to sunlight, our skin produces vitamin D3, and it is also present in some foods and supplements. Vitamin D2 comes from some foods and is available as a high-dose prescription medicine in the U.S. Both forms are converted in the body into active substances that our body can use. Testing for Vitamin D Levels Doctors use a test called "Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy, LC/MS/MS" to measure vitamin D levels in the body. This test is essential to check if someone has too little or too much vitamin D. It's particularly useful for people who might not get enough vitamin D, like the elderly, those with dark skin, or people living with certain medical conditions. How Does the Test Work? The test uses a technique called liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This method is very accurate and can separately measure the levels of vitamin D2 and D3 in the blood. The combined levels of these forms indicate the total vitamin D level in the body. This helps doctors diagnose vitamin D deficiency, monitor how well vitamin D supplements are working, and check for vitamin D toxicity. Who Should Get Tested? People with symptoms that might indicate a vitamin D deficiency, like persistent muscle or bone pain. Those at a higher risk of deficiency, such as older adults, people with limited sun exposure, or those with certain medical conditions. Individuals taking vitamin D supplements. People with unexplained high calcium levels, which could be due to vitamin D toxicity. Interpreting the Test Results Total vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/mL might suggest a deficiency. Levels between 20 and 30 ng/mL could indicate insufficient vitamin D. Over 30 ng/mL is generally considered sufficient, but opinions vary on the upper safe limit. Conclusion Vitamin D is essential for bone health and possibly for preventing other health problems. The Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy, LC/MS/MS test is a reliable way to measure vitamin D levels and ensure they are within a healthy range. It's particularly important for those at risk of deficiency or who are taking supplements to manage their vitamin D levels carefully. References Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:53-58. Holick MF. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266-281. Cranney A, Horsley T, O’Donnell S, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK38416. Vieth R. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:842-856. Watts NB, Bilezikian JP, Camacho PM, et al. Endocr Pract. 2010;16(Suppl 3):1-37. Maunsell Z, Wright DJ, Rainbow SJ. Clin Chem. 2005;51:1683-1690. Glendenning P, Taranto M, Noble JM, et al. Ann Clin Biochem. 2006;43:23-30. Herrmann M, Harwood T, Gaston-Parry O, et al. Steroids. 2010;75:1106-1112.

The Glutathione Blood Test: The glutathione blood test still isn’t a standard testing procedure like tests for checking your blood sugar or cholesterol. But, the role of glutathione in both health and disease has been extensively studied, and it’s understood that a chronically low glutathione level is associated with higher mortality. Table of Contents The Glutathione Blood Test: What is Glutathione The Impact Glutathione Can Have on Health Glutathione Levels and Disease Glutathione Can be Depleted The Importance of Glutathione Testing References One reason for this is that the level of glutathione will fluctuate throughout the day from its lowest in the early morning to depletion from routine exposure to toxic substances (like alcohol), pathogens, cigarette smoke, car exhaust, drugs, certain foods, stress level, illness, and many similar factors, so repeated testing could be required to set a baseline. Glutathione is also an integral part of the body’s antioxidant defense system, so other parameters need to be considered in conjunction with glutathione levels: Determination of someone’s antioxidant reserves Activity of protective antioxidant enzymes The level of cellular damage from oxidative stress What is Glutathione Glutathione is made up of three amino acids that are combined to create a peptide that behaves as a powerful antioxidant and also has several crucial roles in the body. According to recent studies, this peptide is so critical to human health that it could be possible to predict how long someone may live from the level of GSH in the cells (1, 2). Even though glutathione is also required to maintain a healthy immune system, it hasn’t been classified as an essential nutrient; because your body can synthesize glutathione from three amino acids: L-cysteine L-glutamic acid Glycine One reason that glutathione is so vital for our health is that it’s in every cell of the body. An antioxidant like glutathione helps to maintain good health by neutralizing free radicals, which are can cause cell damage by oxidation. Because glutathione is typically present in all kinds of cells, it’s in the perfect position to perform as an antioxidant. Researchers believe glutathione to be one of the most potent antioxidants in the human body (3). The Impact Glutathione Can Have on Health Glutathioneplays a powerful role in detoxifying and removing carcinogens. According to a recent study (4), any alterations in glutathione metabolic activity can have a profound effect on cell survival. Besides antioxidant activity, glutathione is responsible for several other vital roles within the cell (4): it detoxifies pathogens like certain bacteria and viruses, adjusts the body’s immune response and maintains the chemical reactions that modify the oxidative state of atoms in the cells. Glutathione Levels and Disease Researchers have concluded that glutathione deficiency can be a significant factor in several chronic conditions such as (5): HIV/AIDS Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s disease Asthma Various Cancers Cataracts and macular degeneration Open-angle glaucoma Diabetes Studies also indicate that low glutathione levels may significantly correlate with diseases of the liver, kidneys, lungs, and the digestive system (5). Diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis can significantly reduce glutathione. Low glutathione levels have even been linked to diminished dopamine production in the neurons, which means a possible relationship to dopamine-based neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease. Conversely, high levels of glutathione in the body have been linked to the development of chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients. Causes of Low Glutathione One of the most common ways that glutathione can be depleted is through the regular consumption of alcohol. Glutathione has a significant role in detoxifying dietary ethanol (alcoholic beverages), and anyone who drinks regularly will deplete their glutathione levels (6). Becoming older will unavoidably deplete glutathione. Low glutathione has also been associated with the retention of potentially toxic minerals such as; mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and iron. As the body ages, glutathione levels will fall below what’s needed for optimal immune function and other critical processes (6). In addition to drinking alcoholic beverages and merely getting older, these are common household chemicals that can reduce the body’s glutathione levels (7, 8, 9, 10): Acetaminophen Aspartame The benzopyrenes in tobacco or wood smoke, car exhaust, etc. Detergents, fabric softeners, air fresheners, kitchen and bathroom cleaners, and bleach The Importance of Glutathione Testing Both chronically low and high levels of glutathione in the body are indicative of potentially debilitating health problems. Glutathione level is a crucial marker for many diseases, both chronic and acute. Given the importance of this protein to human health; discovering your glutathione levels could be one more way to monitor health levels, immune function, and the potential risk of diseases that have been associated with chronically low or high levels of this essential peptide. Buy your own glutathione test without a doctor's visit on DiscountedLabs.com References 1) Richie JP Jr, Leutzinger Y, Parthasarathy S, Malloy V, Orentreich N, Zimmerman JA. Methionine restriction increases blood glutathione and longevity in F344 rats. FASEB J. 1994 Dec;8(15):1302-7. 2) Cascella R, Evangelisti E, Zampagni M, Becatti M, D'Adamio G, Goti A, Liguri G, Fiorillo C, Cecchi C. S-linolenoyl glutathione intake extends life-span and stress resistance via Sir-2.1 upregulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Aug;73:127-35. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 May 15. 3) Lu, Shelly C. “REGULATION OF GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS.” Molecular aspects of medicine 30.1-2 (2009): 42–59. PMC. Web. 2 Oct. 2017. 4) Balendiran GK1, Dabur R, Fraser D. The role of glutathione in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Nov-Dec;22(6):343-52. 5) Ballatori, Nazzareno et al. “Glutathione Dysregulation and the Etiology and Progression of Human Diseases.” Biological chemistry 390.3 (2009): 191–214. PMC. Web. 2 Oct. 2017. 6) Vogt, Barbara L., and John P. Richie. “Glutathione Depletion and Recovery After Acute Ethanol Administration in the Aging Mouse.” Biochemical pharmacology 73.10 (2007): 1613–1621. PMC. Web. 2 Oct. 2017. 7) Dimova S, Hoet PH, Dinsdale D, Nemery B. Acetaminophen decreases intracellular glutathione levels and modulates cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;37(8):1727-37. Epub 2005 Apr 26. 8) Abhilash, M., Varghese, M.V., Paul, M.V.S. et al. Comp Clin Pathol (2015) 24: 927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-2013-8 9) Romero DL, Mounho BJ, Lauer FT, Born JL, Burchiel SW. Depletion of glutathione by benzo(a)pyrene metabolites, ionomycin, thapsigargin, and phorbol myristate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 May;144(1):62-9. 10) National Research Council (US). Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: A Workshop. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1992. Considerations for the Diagnosis of Chemical Sensitivity.  

In this article, we will delve into an often overlooked but essential mineral - magnesium content. The body can't produce enough magnesium intake, meaning you must obtain it from your diet, such as green leafy vegetables, fruit, whole grains, cereals, legumes, and dairy products like breakfast cereals. Unfortunately, a large number of people in the United States are deficient in magnesium content for a long time due to poor dietary intake. In this blog, I will explore the reasons for this deficiency, its side effects, and the consequences of a lack of magnesium intake. Causes of Magnesium Deficiency First, let's look at what can induce a loss of magnesium. Chronic Stress The first factor is stress. Chronic, low-grade stress that's constantly present contributes to long-term magnesium suppression and deficiency. Diuretics Another common cause is diuretics, such as caffeine and alcohol. Regular consumption of these can contribute to a depression of magnesium storage in the body. Furthermore, blood pressure medications can also lead to a magnesium deficiency. Diet Lastly, a major common effect reducing magnesium levels in the US is diet, specifically a high intake of refined carbohydrates. These include breads, pastas, cereals, cakes, crackers, cookies and other processed foods with a lot of calories from carbs or sugars and very little nutritional value. These are the three major lifestyle areas in the US that induce a magnesium deficiency. Consequences of Low Magnesium Now let's explore the side effects of a deficiency in magnesium. Depression One of the first things that can happen is depression. Antidepressants are one of the top-selling drugs in America, and it's possible that magnesium deficiency contributes to some cases of depression. Vasoconstriction and High Blood Pressure Magnesium deficiency can cause vasoconstriction, which leads to high blood pressure. Interestingly, one treatment for high blood pressure is diuretics, which, as we've seen, can exacerbate magnesium deficiency. Bone Loss A lack of magnesium can lead to bone loss, contributing to conditions like osteoporosis or osteopenia. Often, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is prescribed for these conditions, which can further deplete the body of essential vitamins. Muscle Spasms Magnesium deficiency can also cause muscle spasms, which in turn can lead to muscle pain and the need for pain medication. Many of these medications deplete the body of other important nutrients. Increased Blood Thickness Another consequence is the thickening of the blood, which can lead to increased blood pressure, increasing the risk of stroke and heart disease. Elevated Cholesterol Levels Lastly, magnesium deficiency has been linked to an elevation in cholesterol. The most common treatment for high cholesterol is statin medication, which can create other forms of heart disease. Testing for Magnesium Deficiency If your diet is high in refined carbohydrates, if you frequently use diuretics, or if you are under chronic stress, it's wise to check your dietary magnesium levels, especially for older adults. I recommend an RBC Magnesium test, which can measure the amount of magnesium that's actually inside your cells, providing a much more accurate result. According to the National Institutes of Health, it is difficult to accurately measure the amount of magnesium in a person’s body. In the United States, doctors estimate a person’s dietary intake of magnesium to establish their magnesium status. People with certain health conditions and in certain situations are at an increased risk of low levels of magnesium, such as 30% to 80% of people with alcohol use disorder. Dangerously low levels of magnesium have the potential to cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias. For healthy adults, including older adults, the recommended daily intake of magnesium is 310 to 420 milligrams. If you have loose, frequent stools or irritable bowel syndrome, consider using magnesium glycinate — a specific salt of magnesium that tends to have fewer GI side effects. The typical dose of magnesium is 250 to 500 milligrams daily. Remember, magnesium is necessary for more than 18,000 functions in the human body. These are just a few of the potential consequences of a deficiency. So, ask your doctor for a spectra cell test, measure your magnesium levels, and make sure it's not something you need to supplement. The Magnesium RBC Test vs The Serum Magnesium Test When evaluating magnesium levels in the body, two of the most common tests used are the Magnesium RBC (Red Blood Cell) test and the Serum Magnesium test. These tests, while both useful, have some significant differences in terms of what they measure and how accurately they can reflect the body's level of magnesium. However, if you have symptoms of magnesium deficiency or abnormal calcium or potassium levels, your doctor may refer you for a blood test or a urine test to diagnose magnesium deficiency in healthy adults. Your health care provider will also perform a physical exam to assess your overall health and inquire about your symptoms. It's important for people to know the signs of magnesium deficiency symptoms and consult their doctor if they're worried about a deficiency. Fatigue, leg cramping or twitching, and unexplained muscle weakness are some of the day-to-day symptoms that can indicate low magnesium levels, including abdominal cramping. These symptoms can be very vague, so that's where blood work is needed to determine whether magnesium levels are actually low. BUY A MAGNESIUM RBC TEST What is the Serum Magnesium Test? The Serum Magnesium Test measures the amount of magnesium in the clear part of the blood, or the "serum." This test gives an overview of the total amount of magnesium present in the blood. However, only about 1% of the body's total magnesium is found in the blood serum, making this test less accurate in assessing the body's overall magnesium status. Limitations of the Serum Magnesium Test The main limitation of the Serum Magnesium Test is that it only measures the magnesium in the serum, not within cells. This is a significant drawback because the majority of magnesium in the body is intracellular, meaning it resides inside the cells. Therefore, a normal serum magnesium test result does not necessarily mean that the body's overall magnesium status is adequate in clinical practice. It's possible to have a normal serum magnesium level while being deficient in magnesium within your cells, a condition known as "cellular magnesium deficiency." In severe cases of cellular magnesium deficiency, cardiac arrest may occur, highlighting the critical role of intracellular magnesium levels in maintaining proper heart function. Additionally, magnesium is essential for various cellular processes, such as DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which further emphasizes the importance of intracellular magnesium levels for overall cellular function. Benefits of the Magnesium RBC Test This test is considered superior for assessing the body's magnesium status because it better reflects the amount of magnesium stored in the body. A low result on a Magnesium RBC test can indicate a magnesium deficiency, even if a Serum Magnesium test result is normal. Conclusion In conclusion, while both tests are used to measure magnesium levels, they each have their strengths and weaknesses. The Serum Magnesium Test is useful for identifying severe deficiencies or excesses of magnesium in the blood, but may not accurately reflect the overall magnesium status of the body. The Magnesium RBC Test is considered more accurate for evaluating the body's total magnesium status, especially in cases of cellular magnesium deficiency. It's always best to discuss with your healthcare provider which test may be most suitable for you based on your symptoms, lifestyle, and overall health status. Questions and Answers: What are symptoms of low magnesium? Some common symptoms of low magnesium levels in the body include muscle cramps, tremors, spasms, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, irregular heartbeat, and mood changes. In more severe cases, low magnesium levels can lead to muscle weakness, seizures, and abnormal heart rhythm. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or suspect that you may have low magnesium levels, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. How can I raise my magnesium quickly? To quickly raise your magnesium levels, you can try incorporating magnesium-rich foods into your diet. Foods such as leafy green vegetables, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and legumes are good sources of magnesium. You can also consider taking a magnesium supplement, but it's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplements. Additionally, Epsom salt baths or magnesium oil can be absorbed through the skin and help increase your magnesium levels. Remember that it's important to maintain a balanced diet and lifestyle overall to support optimal nutrient levels in your body. What are some of the causes of low magnesium? Low magnesium levels can be caused by several factors, including: - Inadequate dietary intake: Not consuming enough magnesium-rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, can lead to low magnesium levels. - Certain medical conditions: Conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease), diabetes, kidney disease, and alcoholism can interfere with the absorption or excretion of magnesium. - Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and certain antibiotics, can increase the risk of low magnesium levels. - Chronic stress: Prolonged stress and anxiety can deplete magnesium stores in the body. - Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can interfere with the absorption and utilization of magnesium. - Aging: As we age, our ability to absorb and retain magnesium may decrease. If you suspect that you have low magnesium levels or are experiencing symptoms related to magnesium deficiency (such as muscle cramps, fatigue, or irregular heartbeat), it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They may recommend dietary changes or supplementation to help normalize your magnesium levels. Is it possible to get enough magnesium from food? Yes, it is possible to get enough magnesium from food. Magnesium is found in a variety of foods, including leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, beans, and seafood. By incorporating these foods into your diet on a regular basis, you can help ensure that you are getting an adequate amount of magnesium. However, some individuals may have difficulty meeting their magnesium needs through diet alone, especially if they have certain medical conditions or dietary restrictions. In such cases, a healthcare professional may recommend magnesium supplements to help meet their needs. It's always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best approach for your individual situation. Who should not take magnesium? Magnesium is generally safe for most people when taken in appropriate doses. However, there are some individuals who should exercise caution or avoid taking magnesium supplements altogether. These include: 1. Individuals with kidney problems: If you have kidney disease or impaired kidney function, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking magnesium supplements, as they may not be well tolerated and could potentially worsen your condition. 2. Individuals with heart or gastrointestinal conditions: People with certain heart conditions, such as heart block or bradycardia (slow heartbeat), or gastrointestinal conditions, such as bowel obstructions or inflammatory bowel disease, should speak with their doctor before taking magnesium supplements. 3. Individuals taking certain medications: Magnesium can interact with certain medications, including antibiotics (such as tetracycline), diuretics, bisphosphonates (used to treat osteoporosis), and certain medications used to manage high blood pressure. It is important to check with your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications to ensure that there are no potential interactions. As always, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to determine if it is appropriate for your specific health needs and circumstances. What kind of magnesium is best? There are several different types of magnesium supplements available, and the best one for you will depend on your specific needs and health goals. Some popular forms of magnesium include magnesium citrate, magnesium glycinate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium malate. Magnesium citrate is often used for its laxative effects and can help relieve constipation. Magnesium glycinate is known for its high absorption rate and can be a good option for those with low magnesium levels or individuals who experience digestive issues with other forms of magnesium. Magnesium oxide is commonly found in over-the-counter antacids and may be used to relieve heartburn or acid reflux symptoms. Magnesium malate is often used to support energy production and muscle function. It's important to note that individual responses to different forms of magnesium can vary, so it may take some trial and error to find the form that works best for you. It's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. What diseases cause low magnesium? There are several diseases and conditions that can cause low magnesium levels in the body. Some examples include: - Gastrointestinal disorders: Conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease can interfere with the absorption of magnesium from the diet, leading to low levels. - Kidney disease: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining proper magnesium balance in the body. Chronic kidney disease or certain kidney disorders can impair magnesium excretion and lead to low levels. - Alcoholism: Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with magnesium absorption and increase urinary excretion, resulting in low levels. - Diabetes: Poorly controlled diabetes or high blood sugar levels can increase urinary excretion of magnesium and contribute to low levels. - Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can affect mineral metabolism, including magnesium, potentially leading to low levels. It is important to note that these are just some examples, and there may be other causes of low magnesium levels. If you suspect you have low magnesium or have any concerns about your health, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Footnotes Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status for diagnosis and therapy. Magnes Res. 2010 Dec;23(4):S194-8. DOI: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0213. Nielsen FH. Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease. Nutr Rev. 2010 Jun;68(6):333-40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00293.x. Coudray C, Rambeau M, Feillet-Coudray C, Gueux E, Tressol JC, Mazur A, Rayssiguier Y. Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach. Magnes Res. 2005 Dec;18(4):215-23.