Several studies have shown that 17OH-P levels in the blood are related to intratesticular testosterone (ITT), which is needed for the testicles to make sperm. This means that testing for this hormone could not only save time while figuring out the best HCG dose and frequency, but it could also get rid of the need for testicular aspirations, which is a very difficult procedure to do. Sperm count does not stabilize until 6–8 weeks after starting hCG plus TRT, so knowing your 17 hydroxyprogesterone blood level can give you a quick way to determine if your hCG dose and frequency is adequate before your first follow-up semen analysis after 8 weeks, especially if the sample is collected during the early morning in a specific time in a woman's menstrual cycle. This blood sample is usually collected in a vial or test tube, and the healthcare professional will use a small needle to poke your skin and draw a few drops of blood.
Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) has been studied in the context of male infertility and hirsutism. While it has not been widely adopted as a clinical tool for evaluating male infertility, research suggests that men with low 17-OHP levels may experience significant improvements in sperm parameters when undergoing medical treatment for infertility [1] [2]. There is a strong link between serum 17-OHP and intratesticular testosterone (ITT) in men who are taking testosterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) [3]. This suggests that 17-OHP may be used as a biomarker for androgen levels, such as aldosterone and the hormone cortisol, produced by the adrenal gland. This correlation also suggests that 17-OHP could serve as a potential biomarker for ITT, particularly in the context of male infertility treatment [4]. Additionally, it is important to note the reference range for 17-OHP levels in order to accurately assess male fertility and determine the appropriate course of treatment.
Additionally, serum 17-OHP has been proposed as a surrogate biomarker of ITT and may be valuable in research and in men undergoing gonadotropin therapy for infertility [5]. Also, studies have shown that serum 17-OHP levels can also be a sign of other hormonal imbalances. For example, hirsutism, or too much body hair growth, can be a sign of a genetic disorder called congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) affecting the adrenal gland [6]. In fact, a 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) steroid hormone test can measure the signs of CAH, such as too much body hair growth and problems with the development of sex organs. This test can also tell you a lot about the health of male genitalia, like the penis, and glucose levels [7]. In the US, this test is usually ordered as part of newborn screening to find CAH because of a lack of 21-hydroxylase. The 17-OHP test may also be used to screen for CAH and diagnose the symptoms of CAH, such as excessive body hair growth and issues with sexual development.
The relationship between testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), hCG, and fertility is a complex and intricate one. TRT, while effectively boosting testosterone levels in the bloodstream, can hinder sperm production due to the suppression of essential hormones like LH and FSH. Fortunately, the 17-OH Progesterone Test offers an insightful solution.
TRT's ability to shut down upstream hormones like LH and FSH can make fathering a child challenging for many men. Adding hCG to a TRT protocol may improve sperm production since hCG acts like LH, potentially stimulating sperm production.
1. Challenge of Optimization: Finding the right hCG dose and frequency based on sperm count is not easy since it takes at least eight weeks to observe changes in sperm tests.
2. 17-OH-Progesterone as a Predictor: Several studies have shown that the 17-OH-Progesterone blood level is linked to intratesticular testosterone (ITT) necessary for sperm production. Testing this hormone can save time in optimizing hCG dose/frequency and prevent the need for testicular aspirations (Amory et al., 2008).
1. Intratesticular Testosterone (ITT) and Sperm Production: Though TRT increases blood testosterone levels, it reduces ITT, crucial for sperm production.
2. Impact on Fertility: The LH and FSH shutdown from TRT decreases ITT and sperm production, leading to infertility in some men. High testosterone blood levels on TRT do not positively impact ITT; only LH or FSH can enhance it.
3. The Role of hCG: Studies have shown that hCG can normalize ITT and sperm production in some men, though the optimal dose and frequency differ (Amory et al., 2008).
If the 17OH-P level was more than 6.5 nmol/L (or 215 ng/dL), one study showed that hCG doses and testosterone enanthate injections could get ITT back to normal. However, only after eight weeks of hCG initiation can the effectiveness of hCG in improving fertility be determined.
17-Hydroxyprogesterone, also known as 17-OHP, is a crucial hormone in the human body, particularly in females. It plays a significant role in conditions such as female hyperandrogenism, which can cause symptoms such as hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularities. One of the key indicators of female hyperandrogenism is a deep voice, as the excess male hormones can affect the vocal cords. This hormonal imbalance can also lead to infertility in some cases, as it is primarily produced in the adrenal cortex.
In the context of female hyperandrogenism, 17-dehydroprogesterone levels are often elevated. This elevation can be attributed to various factors, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and other endocrine disorders. These conditions disrupt the normal production and regulation of hormones in the body, leading to an overproduction of androgens like testosterone, and can result in ambiguous genitals in children and both male and female characteristics in young women due to a mutation or genetic change.
Diagnosing and managing female hyperandrogenism typically involves assessing hormone levels, including 17-dehydroprogesterone, through blood tests. Treatment options may include hormonal medications to restore balance, lifestyle modifications, and addressing any underlying medical conditions contributing to the hormonal imbalance.
Understanding the role of 17-dehydroprogesterone in female hyperandrogenism is essential for healthcare providers to effectively diagnose and treat this condition. By addressing hormonal imbalances and associated symptoms early on, individuals with female hyperandrogenism can experience improved quality of life and overall health.
Several studies have shown that 17OH-P levels in the blood are related to intratesticular testosterone (ITT), which is needed for the testicles to make sperm. This means that testing for this hormone could not only save time while figuring out the best HCG dose and frequency, but it could also get rid of the need for testicular aspirations, which is a very difficult procedure to do. Sperm count does not stabilize until 6–8 weeks after starting hCG plus TRT, so knowing your 17OH-progesterone blood level can give you a quick way to determine if your hCG dose and frequency are adequate before your first follow-up semen analysis after 8 weeks.
Explore the 17 - OH Progesterone Test at DiscountedLabs.com, and take a proactive step towards understanding and managing fertility. Our state-of-the-art testing methods offer accurate insights, providing a clear path to optimize reproductive well-being. Contact us today to learn more!
This comprehensive panel assesses sensitivity to six types of mold commonly linked to allergic reactions by measuring specific IgE antibodies. IgE antibodies are proteins that the immune system produces in response to allergens. Professional organizations like the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists advise using a technique known as allergen-specific serum IgE testing to find out if these antibodies are present in the blood. This testing method is generally seen as equally reliable as skin testing and might be preferred under certain clinical conditions.
It's important to note that a positive result from this test only shows that an individual has developed IgE antibodies to a particular type of mold species and does not necessarily mean that they will experience allergy symptoms upon exposure to it. Additionally, a mold test can help identify a mold problem in your home or business through mold inspection by a professional mold inspector, which is an important consideration for ensuring the safety and health of your living or working space. A consultation with a qualified medical professional with extensive evaluation skills is recommended for a formal allergy diagnosis.
The molds tested in this panel include:
Alternaria is one of the most common outdoor molds and a frequent cause of mold allergies. When Alternaria spores are inhaled, they can trigger an allergic response in susceptible individuals. This can lead to symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and asthma exacerbations.1
Aspergillus is a genus of molds that can cause both allergic reactions and infections, especially in people with weakened immune systems. Aspergillus fumigatus is a common indoor mold that can trigger allergic rhinitis, asthma, and a rare condition called allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA).2
Cladosporium is one of the most common outdoor molds and a frequent cause of mold allergies. When breathed in by sensitive people, Cladosporium spores can cause allergic reactions like sneezing, nasal congestion, and asthma symptoms. 1
Mucor is a genus of molds that can cause allergic reactions in some people. Inhaling Mucor spores may lead to symptoms like nasal congestion, sneezing, and asthma exacerbations in those with a Mucor allergy.
Penicillium is a common indoor mold that can cause allergic reactions. When Penicillium spores are inhaled, they may trigger symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and asthma in individuals with a Penicillium allergy.1
Stemphylium is a genus of molds that can be an allergen for some people. Inhaling Stemphylium spores may lead to allergic rhinitis symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy/watery eyes in those with a Stemphylium allergy.In conclusion, when sensitive people inhale the spores from these common mold species, they can all cause allergic reactions. The allergic symptoms typically include nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, and asthma exacerbations. Avoiding exposure to these molds is key for managing mold allergies.12
These molds are selected because of their common association with allergies.
The test uses an immunoassay (IA), a biochemical test that measures the presence and concentration of IgE antibodies in the blood.
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Having high IgE antibodies to mold can indicate that your immune system is reacting strongly to mold spores. This heightened immune response can lead to allergic reactions such as sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, skin rashes, and, in severe cases, difficulty breathing. Individuals with high IgE antibodies to mold may have a higher risk of developing asthma or other respiratory conditions if exposed to mold for prolonged periods.
It is essential to address the underlying cause of the high IgE levels by reducing exposure to mold. This can involve identifying and removing sources of mold in your environment, such as fixing water leaks, improving ventilation, using dehumidifiers, or replacing old ceiling tiles. In some cases, allergy medications or immunotherapy may be recommended to help manage symptoms and reduce the immune response to mold allergens, preventing severe health problems in the long run. Additionally, it is important to mist an EPA-registered antimicrobial to suspend and kill mold spores and remove affected building surfaces during the mold remediation process.
Regularly monitoring indoor air quality and taking preventive measures can help minimize exposure to mold and alleviate symptoms associated with high IgE antibodies. If you suspect mold exposure is affecting your health, consult with a healthcare provider or allergist for proper diagnosis and management strategies tailored to your specific situation.
Some signs that there may be mold in your house include:
1. Visible Mold: If you see any mold growth on walls, ceilings, floors, or other surfaces, it is a clear indication of a mold problem.
2. Musty Odor: A musty smell, similar to damp earth or rotting wood, could indicate the presence of hidden mold.
3. Water Damage: Areas with past or present water damage are prone to mold growth. Check for leaks, water stains, or areas of excess moisture.
4. Health Symptoms: Mold exposure can cause health issues like nasal congestion, throat irritation, coughing, or respiratory problems. If these symptoms improve when you leave the house and return when you're home, mold might be the culprit.
5. Allergies worsening: If your allergies seem to worsen when you're at home but improve elsewhere, mold could be triggering your symptoms.
6. Peeling Paint or Wallpaper: Moisture from mold growth can cause paint or wallpaper to peel or bubble.
If you suspect mold in your house, it's essential to address the issue promptly to prevent further damage and potential health risks.
To get rid of mold, you can follow these steps:
1. Identify and fix the source of moisture: Mold thrives in damp environments, so it's essential to address any leaks or areas of high humidity.
2. Scrub the moldy surface with detergent and water: Use a mixture of detergent and water to scrub the mold off hard surfaces. For porous materials, such as drywall, it may be necessary to remove and replace the affected area.
3. Use a solution of bleach and water: A diluted bleach solution can be effective in killing mold on non-porous surfaces like tile or glass. Remember to wear gloves and ensure proper ventilation when using bleach.
4. Dry the area thoroughly: After cleaning, make sure the area is completely dry to prevent mold from returning.
5. Consider using a dehumidifier: Maintaining low humidity levels can help prevent mold growth in the future.
6. If the mold infestation is extensive or persistent, it may be best to consult with a professional mold remediation service to effectively remove the mold and address any underlying issues causing its growth.
Discounted Labs offers a basic test for adrenal insufficiency. This test measures cortisol, ACTH, and DHEA levels. This is the first step in the process. After looking at these results, doctors might suggest an ACTH stimulation test. They may also check the levels of renin, potassium, and sodium. A CT scan of the adrenal glands can help find any growths. To look for Addison's Disease, which is a type of primary adrenal insufficiency, tests for 21-hydroxylase should also be done.
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) happens when the adrenal glands do not make enough steroid hormones. The main hormone that is low is cortisol. There may also be low amounts of aldosterone. Aldosterone is important for managing sodium and potassium levels in the body. It helps the body hold onto water, too. Many people with this condition feel a strong desire for salt or salty foods. This is because they lose sodium through urine.
Addison's disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia are types of adrenal insufficiency. If this condition is not treated, it can lead to several health problems. These problems can include stomach pain, vomiting, muscle weakness, and feeling very tired. A person may feel down, have low blood pressure, lose weight, suffer from kidney failure, or notice changes in their mood. In severe cases, it can lead to shock, known as an adrenal crisis.
Adrenal insufficiency was really dangerous before 1949. In that year, cortisone was invented. This was a big step forward because it allowed us to replace glucocorticoids in treatment. Still, even with this major development, diagnosing and treating people with adrenal insufficiency remains tough.
A study at the University of Bologna looked at more than 8,000 cases of AI. The aim was to find out the main reasons for drug-related AI and how this has changed over the last twenty years. The researchers discovered that 97.5% of the cases were serious. Furthermore, 41.1% of these cases needed hospital treatment.
The number of AI cases has gone up in recent years. A lot of these cases are about steroids. The use of these drugs has increased too. In 2015, cases of monoclonal antibodies made up 33%. Many of the cases included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Researchers discovered that more than 70% of people used steroids alongside them.
Discounted Labs offers a simple adrenal insufficiency panel. This panel measures cortisol, ACTH, and dhea levels. These tests are only the beginning. Depending on the results, doctors may suggest more tests. These can include an ACTH stimulation test, a renin test, a potassium test, an aldosterone test, and a CT scan of the adrenal glands. To find Addison's disease, which is a type of primary adrenal insufficiency, labs will check for 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies.
Cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is an important type of glucocorticosteroid. It has several key roles in our body. Like other glucocorticosteroids, cortisol is made from cholesterol. This process takes place in a part of the adrenal gland called the zona fasciculata.
When cortisol enters the blood, about 90% attaches to proteins known as corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and albumin. A tiny amount of cortisol remains free in the blood. This free cortisol can then bind to its receptors.
Cortisol has several important effects on the body. First, it raises blood sugar levels. This happens because cortisol helps create glucose and breaks down substances in the body. Additionally, cortisol can lower inflammation but may also weaken the immune system.
The adrenal gland makes and releases cortisol. This happens through a system called the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex-axis. When cortisol levels drop, the hypothalamus releases a hormone known as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). This hormone tells the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Then, ACTH prompts the adrenal gland to produce and release more cortisol. Cortisol also signals the pituitary gland and hypothalamus to lower cortisol production. When a person is under stress, their body produces more cortisol.
Serum cortisol levels change throughout the day. They reach their highest point in the morning. As the day goes on, cortisol levels decrease. By evening, they are about half of what they were in the morning. To correctly read the results, you need to know when the serum sample was collected.
The cortisol level in a patient helps doctors learn about the health of the adrenal gland, pituitary, and hypothalamus. High cortisol levels can show problems like Cushing syndrome. Low levels may suggest Addison disease. Checking these levels is important for treatment. Doctors might use dexamethasone suppression therapy for Cushing syndrome or hormone replacement therapy for Addison disease.
Pregnancy, birth control, and estrogen therapy can increase cortisol levels. If patients take medications such as prednisolone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone, their cortisol levels might show higher numbers than what they actually are. Tests using metyrapone can show higher levels of 11-deoxycortisol. Occasionally, cortisol levels might appear high because of cross-reactions. Patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency may have more 21-deoxycortisol. This can cause them to have higher cortisol levels.
It is important to consider the time when you take a sample. This can affect the results. Cortisol levels follow a daily pattern. When a person experiences strong stress, cortisol levels can increase too.
Samples from patients who got monoclonal mouse antibodies can give wrong results. This can happen in tests and diagnoses. Sometimes, if there are very high levels of antibodies to streptavidin and ruthenium, this may affect the test results. However, the test includes several extras to help reduce these issues.
The best way to find out if someone has Cushing syndrome is by checking cortisol in a 24-hour urine sample. This method is effective because the amount of cortisol in urine does not follow the usual daily pattern of release.
This test may have problems if the sample comes from someone who is using biotin supplements. Biotin is known as vitamin B7, B8, vitamin H, or coenzyme R. It is crucial to ask all patients if they take biotin supplements before the test. Patients need to stop using biotin at least 72 hours before they provide a sample.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone is produced in the front part of the pituitary gland in your brain.
The job of ACTH is to manage the levels of cortisol in the body. Cortisol is a stress hormone made by the adrenal glands. This hormone acts like an alarm system in our body. As the main stress hormone, cortisol supports different areas of the brain in handling fear, emotions, and motivation.
Cortisol is mainly known for helping the body handle stress. It starts the "fight-or-flight" response. However, cortisol is also key for several other functions in the body, such as:
High cortisol levels can lead to many issues. Some of these are high blood pressure, obesity, high blood sugar, and swelling. On the other hand, low cortisol levels may cause weight loss, tiredness, low blood pressure, and weak muscles.
If you have signs of having too much or too little cortisol, your doctor may suggest an ACTH test. This test looks at the levels of ACTH and cortisol in your blood. The ACTH test helps your doctor see if there are any problems with your cortisol levels. Before giving you a definite answer, your doctor might also do a physical checkup.
Dehydroepiandrosterone, known as DHEA, is a hormone made by the adrenal gland. The brain also makes some DHEA. This hormone plays a key role in creating androgens and estrogens, which are sex hormones for both men and women. Most of the DHEA in your body comes from the adrenal glands. Doctors can check for problems like adrenal cancer or hyperplasia by measuring DHEA-S in the blood. This checking also helps find some types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
People who have primary or central adrenal insufficiency often show low levels of serum DHEA-S. However, just having low DHEA-S does not mean that a person has this condition. If their serum DHEA-S level is normal for their age and sex, it almost confirms that they likely do not have adrenal insufficiency.
Amenorrhea is the absence or abnormal cessation of the menses (menstruation periods).
Primary and secondary amenorrhea describe the occurrence of amenorrhea before and after menarche, respectively. The majority of the causes of primary and secondary amenorrhea are similar. Timing of the evaluation of primary amenorrhea recognizes the trend to earlier age at menarche and is therefore indicated when there has been a failure to menstruate by age 15 in the presence of normal secondary sexual development (two standard deviations above the mean of 13 years), or within five years after breast development if that occurs before age 10. Failure to initiate breast development by age 13 (two standard deviations above the mean of 10 years) also requires investigation. In women with regular menstrual cycles, a delay of menses for as little as one week may require the exclusion of pregnancy; secondary amenorrhea lasting three months and oligomenorrhea involving less than nine cycles a year require investigation.
An anemia panel is a series of blood tests that evaluate the components of your blood, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. It helps diagnose anemia by identifying deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, or folate, along with conditions like sickle cell anemia or thalassemia.
This 18 test anemia panel includes all tests needed to diagnose the degree and cause of anemia, including a CBC panel (red blood cells, hemoglobin, etc), Ferritin, Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Folate, and Vitamin B-12
This 18 test anemia panel includes all tests needed to diagnose the degree and cause of anemia, including a CBC panel (red blood cells, hemoglobin, etc), Ferritin, Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Folate, and Vitamin B-12.
This lab test panel is ideal for people who feel fatigued and who may suspect anemia or low iron levels. Exploring the biomakers in this panel will be beneficial for people who have a menstrual cycle that involves a lot of blood loss, those who might have vitamin deficiencies, and those who suspect internal bleeding. Also, men and women who donate blood frequently may find this panel useful to ensure that they have not depleted their iron, ferritin and other markers of iron stores that can dramatically impact their energy level, mental function, mood, and quality of life. The results of this panel, including anemia and low iron test results, can provide valuable information about a person's health and aid in diagnosing and treating anemia.
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. It can have several causes.
When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague and may include feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, and a poor ability to exercise. When the anemia comes on quickly, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst. Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. It is important to discuss any signs and symptoms of anemia, including an increased risk of anemia, with your healthcare provider, especially if you have risk factors such as a family history or certain medical conditions.
Blood loss, a decrease in red blood cell production, and an increase in red blood cell breakdown are all potential causes of anemia. Causes of blood loss include trauma and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Causes of decreased production include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia, and a number of neoplasms of the bone marrow. Causes of increased breakdown include genetic conditions such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, and certain autoimmune diseases.
Anemia can also be classified based on the size of the red blood cells and amount of hemoglobin in each cell. If the cells are small, it is called microcytic anemia; if they are large, it is called macrocytic anemia; and if they are normal sized, it is called normocytic anemia. Anemia of chronic disease, a type of normocytic anemia, is commonly seen in regions with endemic malaria/protozoal illness and in impoverished areas where there is a higher risk of nutritional anemia. Aplastic anemia, a rare condition where bone marrow no longer produces red blood cells, can also be diagnosed through a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) test.
The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L (13 to 14 g/dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L (12 to 13 g/dL).
Whole blood is made up of various types of cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. The complete blood count (CBC) is an inventory of the different cellular components of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cell counts are typically reported as the number of cells in a cubic millimeter of blood (cells/mm3) or as a percentage of all blood cells. This test is performed by analyzing a blood sample, which includes measuring platelet count, mean platelet volume, and the average size of red blood cells, to provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's blood health.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells, bound to a molecule called hemoglobin. Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells, often leaving a person fatigued, weak, and short of breath. Several tests are used to help diagnose various types of anemia, including those associated with bone marrow disease. Treatment for these anemias may include blood transfusions, hormone therapy, or bone marrow transplants, depending on the specific form of anemia.
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC): the total number of red blood cells in a quantity of blood. Normal ranges are 4.5–6.0 million cells/mm3 for men and 4.0–5.5 million cells/mm3 for women. (Women typically have lower counts than men due to the loss of blood through menstruation.)
Hematocrit (HCT): the proportion of red blood cells as a percentage of total blood volume. A normal hematocrit is 40–55% for men and 35–45% for women.
Hemoglobin (HGB): the number of grams of hemoglobin in a deciliter of blood (g/dL). Normal levels in healthy adults are 14–18 g/dL for men and 12–16 g/dL for women. As a rough guideline, hemoglobin should be about one-third the hematocrit.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH Concentration (MCHC): the amount or concentration, respectively, of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): the average size, or volume, of individual red blood cells. Conditions such as iron deficiency can lead to smaller than normal red blood cells, while certain vitamin deficiencies and some drugs can produce larger than normal cells.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW): a measure of the size and uniformity of red blood cells.
White blood cells (leukocytes) carry out the body's immune responses. The CBC looks at numbers of various different types of white blood cells.
White Blood Cell Count (WBC): the total number of white blood cells in a quantity of blood. A healthy adult normally has 4,000–11,000 white blood cells/mm3. A WBC increase often indicates that a person is actively fighting an infection or has recently received a vaccine. Decreased WBC (leukopenia) can leave a person vulnerable to various pathogens and cancers.
Differential: a report of the proportions of different types of white blood cells as a percentage of the total number of white cells; these percentages may be multiplied by the WBC to obtain absolute counts.
Neutrophils: a type of cell that fights bacterial infections. Neutrophils normally make up about 50–70% of all white blood cells. The risk of bacterial infection increases when the absolute neutrophil count falls below about 500–750 cells/mm3.
Lymphocytes: there are two main types of lymphocytes. B cells produce antibodies that fight foreign invaders in the body, while T cells target infected or cancerous cells and help coordinate the overall immune response. A normal lymphocyte count is about 20–40% of all white blood cells.
Monocytes: a type of cell that fights pathogens by engulfing and destroying them. Monocytes circulate in the blood for about 24 hours; when they leave the bloodstream and migrate into the tissues, they mature into macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages normally account for 2-10% of all white blood cells.
Eosinophils: cells that play a role in defense against parasites and in allergic reactions. They normally make up 0-6% of all white blood cells.
Basophils: another type of cell involved in allergic reactions, in particular the release of histamine. They normally account for 1% or less of all white blood cells.
Platelets (thrombocytes) are necessary for blood clotting. A normal platelet count is about 130,000–440,000 cells/mm3. Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), which can cause easy bruising and excessive bleeding, may be a result of some medications, autoimmune reactions, spleen-accelerated destruction, or specific immune diseases.
B12 and folic acid blood testing help doctors diagnose central nervous system disorders, anemia, and malabsorption syndromes. B12 and folic acid also play an important role in energy level, muscle strength and memory. Because B12 and folate are derived solely from dietary intake, such as egg yolks, beef, poultry and fish, many people are deficient in these important vitamins.
Vitamin B-12 is an essential vitamin. Low blood levels of B12 can cause: Anemia and pernicious anemia, loss of balance , numbness or tingling in the arms and legs, and weakness
The serum iron test measures the amount of iron in your blood. The total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test looks at how well iron moves through your body. Iron is an important mineral that your body needs to stay healthy. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, the protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. If you don't have enough iron, you may not have enough hemoglobin. This condition is called iron deficiency anemia, one of the different types of anemia. Transferrin, a protein that your liver produces, is primarily responsible for carrying or binding iron in your body. The TIBC test is based on certain proteins, including transferrin, found in the blood. Your transferrin levels are almost always measured along with iron and TIBC. Additionally, the ferritin test can help determine how much iron your body is storing, providing a more comprehensive understanding of your iron levels.
Ferritin is a protein found in the bloodstream which stores iron. Ferritin helps transport iron where it's most needed in the body. Too much or too little ferritin can cause a lot of health issues and that's why you should check it often. The levels of ferritin in the body are different for men and women. For example: men: 24–500 ng/ml of blood; women: 22–200 ng/ml of blood. However, many people may have anemia symptoms at the lower end of the "normal" range.
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Dietary changes can indeed affect the results of an anemia panel. Nutritional deficiencies are one of many causes of anemia, a condition that manifests as a lack of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. For example, iron-deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia that can result from insufficient dietary intake of iron.
Making dietary changes to include more iron-rich foods, such as red meat, poultry, beans, lentils, and leafy green vegetables, can help improve iron levels in the body and potentially impact the results of an anemia panel. On the other hand, certain dietary factors, like consuming excessive amounts of tea or coffee with meals, can inhibit iron absorption and influence test results.
It's important to consult with a healthcare provider or a nutritionist before making significant dietary changes if you suspect you have anemia or are undergoing an anemia panel test to ensure that your diet modifications align with your overall health goals and medical needs.
Before getting an anemia panel done, it is advisable to follow these specific preparations:
1. Fasting: In some cases, fasting may be required before the test. Your healthcare provider will inform you if fasting is necessary for your test.
2. Medication: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are currently taking, as certain medications can affect the results of the test.
3. Timing: Your healthcare provider may recommend a specific time for the test, so be sure to follow that timeframe.
4. Hydration: Drinking plenty of water before the test can help make it easier to draw blood for the panel.
5. Clothing: Wear clothing that allows easy access to your arm for blood collection.
Following these preparations can help ensure accurate results from your anemia panel test.
Annual physical exams are an essential part of preventive healthcare. These routine check-ups aim to monitor the overall health, identify potential health issues early, and establish baselines for personalized healthcare. A fundamental component of these annual exams involves laboratory tests, which provide physicians with a detailed understanding of a patient's bodily functions. This article explores the most common lab tests included in this panel, namely: CBC (Complete Blood Count), CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel), Lipid Profile, A1C, TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), and Urinalysis.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is a broad screening test used to assess the overall health and detect a wide range of disorders such as anemia, infection, and leukemia.
A CBC measures various components and features of your blood, including red blood cells, which carry oxygen; white blood cells, which fight infection; and platelets, which help blood to clot. Variations in these components can indicate numerous health conditions, which is why this test forms a fundamental part of the annual exam.
The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a group of 14 blood tests that provide an overview of the body's chemical balance and metabolism.
A CMP typically includes tests for blood sugar (glucose) levels, electrolyte and fluid balance, kidney function, and liver function. The results can help diagnose conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease, among others.
The lipid profile is a group of tests used to determine the risk of coronary heart disease.
This panel measures the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood. High levels of these can lead to atherosclerosis, a condition that increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Regular monitoring can help manage these levels and prevent associated diseases.
The A1C test provides a picture of your average blood sugar (glucose) control for the past 2 to 3 months.
This test is particularly crucial for people with diabetes, but it's also used for diagnosis in at-risk individuals. A high A1C level is a risk factor for diabetes and can indicate issues with blood sugar control in diagnosed patients.
TSH tests evaluate how well your thyroid is working and are usually done if you have symptoms of a low or high thyroid hormone level.
The thyroid gland plays a vital role in the body's metabolic processes. Variations in TSH can lead to conditions such as hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Regular TSH tests can help in early detection and management of these conditions.
Urinalysis is a test that assesses the urine and is typically used to detect diseases of the urinary system and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.
Urinalysis can reveal substances in the urine not normally present, such as glucose, protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells. It can help in detecting conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, or diabetes.
In conclusion, annual physical exams are a crucial part of health maintenance, and laboratory tests are an integral component of these exams. Each test provides valuable information about various bodily functions, enabling early detection, prevention, and treatment of many health conditions.
This annual physical panel contains:
This annual physicial lab test panel includes the basic blood tests usually included in an annual physical exam for men and women who are healthy and have no underlying conditions:
Whole blood is made up of various types of cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. The complete blood count (CBC) is an inventory of the different cellular components of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood cell counts are typically reported as the number of cells in a cubic millimeter of blood (cells/mm3) or as a percentage of all blood cells.
The comprehensive metabolic panel or cmp panel consists of 14 blood tests which serve as an initial medical screening tool to review overall health. The CMP blood test panel functions as a check for kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte and fluid balance.
The lipid panel valuates the risk for developing atherosclerosis (arterial plaque) and coronary heart disease. This test includes: Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides , HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio. This test requires fasting for 8 hours.
The A1c test works by measuring the hemoglobin A1c level. Hemoglobin is stored in the red blood cells. When glucose levels are high, the sugar starts to combine with the hemoglobin. It takes the body 8 to 12 weeks to bring hemoglobin A1c levels back to normal. Therefore, if hemoglobin A1c levels are high, that means that there has been a high level of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months.
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This panel includes:
Sedimentation Rate (Westergren) – Helps to determine whether a condition causing inflammation is present.
Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) – Test that measures the amount and pattern of abnormal antibody that work against the body's tissues (autoantibody).
Rheumatoid Factor – Used to help support a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
hs- CRP C-Reactive Protein – Helps to diagnose and monitor the activity of some inflammatory and infectious conditions.
Uric Acid, Serum – This test measures the amount of uric acid in a blood sample. Uric acid is produced from the breakdown of your body's cells and from the food you eat. High uric acid could be a sign of gout.
Arthritis is a general term that refers to joint pain and condition. Frequently though, arthritis is misunderstood as a single disease. There are over 100 types of arthritis and the conditions that result from them, and people affected, regardless of age, can develop associated severe illnesses and many disabilities.
The joints are the areas of the body where two bones meet, and their role is to provide mobility to the limbs connected by the respective bones of the joint. Arthritis means inflammation of one or more joints, accompanied by pain called arthralgia.
People of all ages and genders can have and have arthritis. Even though you may think that arthritis occurs only with age, this is not the only trigger. The condition can also occur as a result of a severe blow or physical exertion by athletes.
More than 120 million adults and nearly 600,000 children worldwide have arthritis or some other type of rheumatic disease. Estimates include only patients who report having doctor-diagnosed arthritis.
In the United States, only an estimated 54.5 million people are affected by arthritis, this being the primary reason for disability. The number of people with arthritis is unknown, as many do not seek treatment until their symptoms become severe.
The causes of arthritis depend on the form of the condition. Arthritis types vary from those caused by the rupture and wear of the cartilage to those caused by the inflammation resulting from an overactive immune system, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis is a condition that can affect your quality of life quite seriously. For example, severe arthritis limits movement to such an extent that the affected person can no longer easily stand or stand in certain positions. The most common diagnosed arthritis types are:
Inflammatory arthritis-inflammation occurs without a valid physiological reason, on the surface of the joints and in the superficial layer of the bones. Inflammatory arthritis is classified as reactive arthritis, spondylosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Connective tissue disease- is a form of arthritis manifested by inflammation and local pain. It can affect the skin, kidneys, muscles, or lungs, and the most common form of connective tissue disease are scleroderma lupus.
Degenerative arthritis or Osteoarthritis- mainly affects the cartilage that covers the bones and leads to their inflammation. As a result, the cartilage becomes thinner, thicker, and more porous. To compensate for the loss of cartilage, the body's reaction is to reshape the affected bones, leading to abnormal bone growths, called osteophytes, and deformities of the joints.
Metabolic arthritis- occurs due to the accumulation of purines, substances that are naturally produced by the body and are found in foods such as red meat, sweets, and seafood. People who overeat these purine foods have high uric acid levels, which build up in the joints and cause local pain.
Septic arthritis- mainly affects the knee and hip. Streptococcus and staphylococcus are the leading causes of acute septic arthritis, and candida frequently leads to chronic septic arthritis. Joint problems, bacterial infections, or diseases such as diabetes and autoimmune diseases are risk factors for septic arthritis.
Psoriatic arthritis- is a common symptom in people living with psoriasis. The disease occurs when the immune system attacks the body's healthy cells in most cases. As a result, inflammation builds up in the joints. In general, people with psoriatic arthritis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, high triglycerides, and obesity.
Diagnosing arthritis may be a difficult thing do. There Are so many types of arthritis and disorders associated with it one test may not be enough to detect it.
Therefore, there were developed tests packages to diagnose better and monitor a possible arthritis disorder.
Your physician may ask you to perform a set of blood tests, review your medical history, check your joints, X-ray, ultrasounds closely, and sometimes MRI may also be needed. In some instances, arthrocentesis is required. The latter is a procedure that tests a sample of liquid from your joints.
Common symptoms of joint arthritis include:
Symptoms may appear and disappear and may be mild, moderate, or severe. They can stay the same for years and then progress quickly. Severe arthritis can lead to chronic pain, inability to do daily activities, and difficulty walking or climbing stairs.
Arthritis can cause permanent changes in the joints. These changes may be visible, such as a knot in the joints of the fingers, but often the damage can only be seen by X-rays.
Some types of arthritis also affect other body parts, such as the heart, eyes, lungs, kidneys, and skin.
Sedimentation Rate (Westergren) - This test is meant to measure the level of inflammation. It measures the rate at which red blood cells sink into a vial, which may indicate if inflammation is present in your body. Higher levels may indicate inflammation in your body; however, this won't indicate its localization or what causes it if taken alone. This is why this test is accurate alongside other tests.
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) - May indicate the presence of Lupus Autoimmune Disease or other Rheumatic Diseases. This test may occasionally be positive in a person without rheumatic disease. 95% of persons diagnosed with SLE or Lupus have a positive test.
Rheumatoid Factor - Usually used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. Note: some persons that have rheumatoid arthritis may never test positive. On the other hand, in the early stage of the RA, the test's result may be false negative. Hence it is important to have the test repeated if needed and performed alongside other relevant tests.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)- This test measures the inflammation in your body, measuring a particular protein that may be found in the blood. Increased levels may show inflammation or acute infection.
Uric Acid, Serum - This test is usually undertaken to detect cases of gout.
These tests have to be interpreted by a doctor, and medication should be followed only at their recommendation.
Depending on your particular situation, symptoms, and suspected diagnosis, your doctor may order several types of tests. Unfortunately, there is no single test to diagnose all types of arthritis.
Instead, a combination of these different types of tests is often needed, and more importantly, it is most effective in finding all the clues required for an accurate diagnosis.
Coming in your help, DiscountedLabs.com has developed an arthritis panel that comprises the most common tests doctors recommend to identify your problem and start work from there for your health.
This test looks for antinuclear antibodies. It can also show their titer and pattern. Many rheumatic diseases are linked to these antibodies. These diseases include lupus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, CREST syndrome, and neurologic lupus. You can find this test at a very low price.
This test checks the ANA Screen, IFA, Titer, and Pattern. Antinuclear antibodies are linked to different rheumatic diseases. These include lupus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, CREST syndrome, and neurologic lupus. You can take this test at a low price.
This test checks for antinuclear antibodies. It is often called the ANA Screen. The test looks at the amount and pattern of these antibodies. Some specific rheumatic diseases are linked to these antibodies. These diseases include Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and CREST syndrome. We offer this test at the lowest price.
This test looks at the ANA Screen, IFA, and the Reflex to Titer and Pattern. Antinuclear antibodies are connected to several rheumatic diseases. These diseases include lupus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, CREST syndrome, and neurologic lupus. You can get this test for a low price.
Have you ever been asked to get an ANA Screen IFA Titer and Pattern Test? You might be wondering what it is. The ANA Screen test is for checking autoimmune disorders. These disorders affect the immune system in our body. The test looks for antibodies that can harm healthy cells. A special microscope shows a certain pattern.
In this blog, we will talk about the ANA Screen IFA Titer and Pattern tests. We will answer your questions about when and why you need these tests. You will learn how to get ready for the tests. You will also see what happens during the tests. We will explain how to understand any strange results and what they mean for people with autoimmune issues. Join us to learn about this important test that can help find autoimmune problems early.
It is a blood test that looks for antinuclear antibodies, or ANAs, in your blood. ANAs come from the immune system. They can damage the body's tissues and cause autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. A positive ANA result means ANAs are present in the blood. However, you will need more tests to find out if you have an actual autoimmune disease.
Testing blood for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) can help find autoimmune diseases. The ANA Screen IFA Titer and Pattern show clues about what autoimmune disease might be present. This test is very important for doctors. It helps them diagnose and manage autoimmune conditions. It also allows them to watch patients who may have these problems more closely.
Doctors can discover possible autoimmune diseases by studying the pattern and level of ANA. This can include diseases like systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Lab tests play a key role in checking for inflammation in organs and identifying harmful substances in the body. A complete physical exam typically includes the ANA Screen IFA Titer and Pattern. This is especially important for people with skin rashes, joint pain, or swollen glands.
The ANA Screen is a blood test that checks for autoimmune antibodies in your blood. A key part of this test is the ANA panel, which looks for antibodies related to DNA. Finding these antibodies could suggest a person has an autoimmune disease. ANA means antinuclear antibodies. These proteins can attack your own body's cells. There is a specific test called the immunofluorescent antinuclear antibody test. This test measures how much and what type of these antibodies are in your blood. It helps doctors look for signs of diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjogren's syndrome. A positive ANA Screen might also show that the ANA panel is positive. However, just because the test is positive does not always mean someone has an autoimmune disease. It is just one factor that doctors consider when making a diagnosis.
The test can help find out if someone may have an autoimmune disease. In this case, antibodies in the blood can hurt the body’s cells and tissues. This can lead to inflammation and damage. A positive ANA test does not always mean a person has an autoimmune disease. Still, it is useful for doctors. They use it to search for possible autoimmune issues. More tests are necessary, like looking at medical history and doing a physical exam. This is to confirm the diagnosis and decide on the best treatment.
The blood test for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) checks the level using the IFA titer. A higher titer means more ANA antibodies are present. There are different patterns of ANA, such as homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, or centromere. These patterns give important hints about autoimmune diseases. Doctors look at both the titer and the patterns to make better diagnoses. This helps them find the right treatments for issues like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and autoimmune hepatitis. In short, the IFA titer and its patterns are key for diagnosing and treating various autoimmune disorders.
An ANA screening test is useful when someone shows signs of an autoimmune disease. This test looks for any autoimmune issues and checks the level of disease activity. A person might take this test if they feel pain in their muscles or joints. It is also important for people who have rashes, swelling, or a family history of autoimmune diseases.
The ANA Screen test is a useful way to find different autoimmune disorders. This test checks for several conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Doctors look for specific antibodies to know what type of autoimmune disorder a person might have. This is important to check if blood vessels are affected. Noticing these disorders early is very important. It helps make sure that patients get the right treatment based on lab tests.
The ANA Screen test can reveal signs of an autoimmune disorder. These signs may include arthritis, rashes, fevers, or chest pain that isn’t explained. This information helps doctors create treatment plans that can lower inflammation in organs, glands, and other similar symptoms.
If a child has lupus and is on immunosuppressant drugs, their doctor may do regular lab tests. One test that might be done is the ANA test. This test checks how well the medicine is working. However, doctors usually do not repeat the ANA test to see if the disease is active.
The ANA Screen test is a key tool for detecting autoimmune diseases. It looks for autoantibodies that target healthy cells. This test helps doctors make correct diagnoses. If the test comes back positive, further tests will happen. This can lead to faster care and better results for patients.
The ANA Screen IFA Titer & Pattern test begins with a blood sample. A lab technician will use a method called immunofluorescence to check this sample. They look for the fluorescence pattern. This helps measure the fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) titer and pattern. Usually, this test takes place in a healthcare facility or lab. Patients must prepare for the test by following specific steps. The ANA Screen IFA Titer & Pattern test is very important. It helps find autoimmune disorders, including diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma.
To get ready for an ANA Screen IFA Titer and Pattern test, do these simple things. First, you usually don’t need to fast before the test. Let your healthcare provider know about any medicines or supplements you are taking. No special preparation is needed. Just remember that some medicines, like birth control pills, procainamide, and thiazide diuretics, may change the test results. It's vital for your provider to know all the medicines you use. Wear loose clothes to make it easier for the healthcare team to take your blood. Always follow any special instructions from your healthcare provider. Lastly, try to relax and stay calm before the test. This can help you feel less discomfort.
During an ANA Screen test, a healthcare worker will draw blood from a vein in your arm. You may feel a slight prick or sting as the needle goes in. After taking the sample, it will be sent to a lab for testing. This process usually takes just a few minutes. Once the test is complete, they can put an elastic band on your upper arm to stop any bleeding. You can go back to your normal activities right after without any limits.
White blood cells in your child's immune system make proteins called antinuclear antibodies, or ANAs. These antibodies help fight germs, like viruses and bacteria, that can cause illness. A positive ANA test shows that white blood cells have created ANAs. The titer indicates how much ANA is present in the blood. A higher titer means there are more ANAs and a stronger immune response. Different ANAs can suggest specific autoimmune diseases. A negative result does not completely rule these diseases out. You may need more tests for a definite diagnosis. Some healthy people, especially those over 65, can also have ANAs in their blood. Medications can lead to the production of ANAs as well. The antinuclear antibody test searches for antibodies that stick to a cell's nucleus. If the test is positive, further tests may be needed to find specific antibodies. ANAs can mistakenly identify normal proteins in a cell’s nucleus as threats. This error can cause inflammation, which may lead the body to attack itself.
False positives can happen. This is true for older people or for those taking certain medicines.
Some healthy people might have low levels of ANA. This usually does not matter for their health.
A negative test result does not completely rule out the possibility of having an autoimmune disorder.
The IFA titer shows the amount of antibodies in the blood. It helps us know how strong the immune system's response is. A high IFA titer means the immune response is strong. A low titer might suggest a lower chance of an autoimmune disease. Checking IFA titers regularly helps us see how diseases progress over time. IFA titers are important to researchers. They help them understand how well the immune system fights infections and if there is an autoimmune disease.
ANA screen patterns provide key information about certain autoantibodies in the blood. These patterns can change and offer hints about different autoimmune diseases. For example, a uniform staining pattern might indicate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A spotted pattern could suggest mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). A nucleolar pattern often indicates scleroderma and other connective tissue diseases. Normal values might be slightly different from one lab to another. By understanding these ANA screen patterns, doctors can better diagnose and learn about the autoimmune diseases people may have. The fluorescent pattern in ANA testing helps show which autoimmune disease is being looked at by highlighting how the cells are stained. Staining patterns can include homogeneous, meaning the whole nucleus is stained with ANA. Be sure to talk to your provider about what your specific test results mean. The examples provided show common measurements for these test results.
Abnormal ANA test results can suggest you might have an autoimmune disease. But just a positive ANA test does not confirm it. You will need more tests to see if you really have an autoimmune disease and what type it might be. A single positive ANA result does not mean you definitely have an autoimmune disease, so you may not need immediate treatment. Lab levels can change, and some autoantibodies can be normal. A positive result may mean everything is fine. Your rheumatology provider can give you general guidance on what to do next. It is very important to talk to your provider and ask questions about the ANA test. Abnormal results could mean you need more tests or that you should see a specialist. A negative result does not completely rule out an autoimmune disease. Make sure to discuss what the ANA test results mean with your doctor, along with the reference ranges from the lab. To diagnose SLE, you need certain symptoms and positive ANA results. A lack of ANA makes this diagnosis much less likely.
The ANA screen test supports people with autoimmune diseases. It helps doctors spot these diseases early. This way, patients can start the right treatment quicker. By testing often, doctors can watch how the disease changes and see if the treatment is working. This information is key for improving the lives of those with autoimmune conditions.
The ANA Screen IFA Titer & Pattern is a blood test. It helps find autoimmune diseases, like lupus and scleroderma. This test checks for antibodies that might hurt healthy cells. A positive result does not mean you have the disease for sure. You will need more tests for a clear answer. It is good to talk to a healthcare professional about your results. They can help you understand the best treatment options for you.
Positive ANA blood tests happen often. These tests help find autoimmune diseases. But a positive result does not mean you have an autoimmune disease. It's important to speak with a healthcare professional. They can do further tests to help you know the real reason for the positive result.
A positive result from the ANA Screen IFA w/Reflex Titer and Pattern means that antinuclear antibodies are in the blood. This might suggest an autoimmune disease. It can also help identify the specific type of autoimmune disease present. However, you will need more tests to discover the exact cause. Just keep in mind that a positive ANA IFA test does not confirm that you have an autoimmune disease.
The ANA Screen IFA with Reflex Titer and Pattern is an easy blood test. It helps find autoimmune diseases. This test looks at the level of antibodies in your blood. The titer shows how many antibodies are there. The pattern helps us see specific autoimmune conditions. If you get a positive result, you should do more tests to confirm it.
Conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome can lead to a positive result on an ANA Screen IFA test. A positive result might indicate an autoimmune disease. However, it does not always mean you have one. Health care providers will review your medical history and check other test results. This process helps them make a clearer diagnosis and plan the right treatment.
The ANA Screen IFA with Reflex Titer and Pattern test checks for autoimmune diseases. Its accuracy depends on the symptoms a person has and their medical history. A positive result may mean there is an autoimmune disease. But to be sure, more tests and evaluations are required to confirm the diagnosis.
Some factors can change the results of the ANA Screen IFA test. Medications, such as blood pressure drugs and antibiotics, might lead to a false positive. Health conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause a positive ANA test. It's really important to tell your healthcare provider about any medicines you use or any health issues you have before the test.
If your ANA Screen IFA with Reflex Titer and Pattern shows a positive result, you will need more tests. A positive ANA often points to autoimmune disorders. To see the full picture, tests for anti-dsDNA or anti-Smith antibodies may be necessary. It’s important to talk to a healthcare professional. They can provide more information and help you understand what tests you should take next.
In conclusion, reading the ANA screen, IFA titer, and pattern is very important. This is key for diagnosing and keeping an eye on autoimmune diseases. The ANA screen test finds autoantibodies in the blood. These autoantibodies show problems with the immune system and hint at the autoimmune disease present. The pattern reveals which antigens the autoantibodies are aiming at. The IFA titer tells us how many antibodies are in the blood. Getting these results right is crucial for a good diagnosis and planning future medical steps. If a person has abnormal ANA screen results, they should consult with a healthcare professional to decide what to do next. Regular ANA screen tests help people with autoimmune diseases by tracking changes in the disease and checking how well treatments are working.
Autoimmune Diseases: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications
Autoimmune Diseases: Types, Symptoms, Causes & More
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test
IFA ANA (Rheumatology) – Corewell Health Test Catalog
ANA Screen, IFA with Reflex to Titer and Pattern – Quest Diagnostics
ANA by IFA Rfx Titer/Pattern – Lab Results Explained | HealthMatters.io
ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody) – Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
This blood donation panel includes tests for various blood components: Hematocrit, iron & total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin.
This panel is designed to determine if:
1- Your blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy was effective in lowering your high hematocrit without negatively affecting ferritin or iron.
2- It is safe to do another blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy depending on ferritin or iron levels.
Blood donation is the process of giving blood to help patients in need of transfusions. It involves collecting blood from a donor and separating it into its various components, such as red blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Blood donation is a safe and voluntary process that helps save lives and improve the health of patients undergoing surgery, receiving treatment for cancer or blood disorders, and experiencing traumatic injuries.
Donating blood has numerous benefits for both the donor and the recipient. For the donor, donating blood can help lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of heart disease, and improve overall cardiovascular health. Donating blood regularly can also help maintain healthy iron levels and improve blood flow. For the recipient, blood donation can help save lives, improve health outcomes, and enhance the quality of life.
The process of donating blood typically involves the following steps:
Registration: The donor registers to donate blood and provides basic information, such as name, address, and medical history.
Screening: The donor undergoes a medical screening to ensure they are eligible to donate blood. This includes a blood test to check for infectious diseases and a review of medical history.
Blood Collection: The donor’s blood is collected through a sterile needle inserted into a vein in the arm. The blood is collected into a bag or container, and the process typically takes 10-15 minutes.
Separation: The collected blood is separated into its various components, such as red blood cells, plasma, and platelets.
Testing: The donated blood is tested for infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatitis, and for blood type and Rh factor.
Storage: The donated blood is stored in a blood bank or transfusion center until it is needed for a patient.
Overall, blood donation is a safe and rewarding process that helps save lives and improve the health of patients in need.
Hematocrit is the portion of blood made up of red blood cells.
High hematocrit occurs when there is an excessive production of red blood cells, which can thicken the blood and place additional strain on the heart and blood vessels. High hematocrit can cause the blood to become very viscous or “sticky,” making it harder for the heart to pump. High blood pressure, strokes, and heart attacks can occur.
The association between testosterone replacement therapy and high hematocrit has been reported for the past few years as this therapy has become more mainstream. In addition to increasing muscle and sex drive, testosterone can increase the body’s production of red blood cells. This hematopoietic (blood-building) effect could be a good thing for those with mild anemia.
Although all testosterone replacement products can increase the number of red blood cells, the study showed a higher incidence of higher hematocrit in those using intramuscular testosterone than topical administration (testosterone patch was the main option used – no gels). Smoking and sleep apnea have also been associated with polycythemia and may contribute to the effects of other risk factors like TRT.
It’s important to check patients’ hemoglobin and hematocrit blood levels while on testosterone replacement therapy. As we all know, hemoglobin is the substance that makes blood red and helps transport oxygen in the blood. Additionally, carbon dioxide plays a crucial role in the function of hemoglobin, as it is carried by red blood cells throughout the body. Hematocrit reflects the proportion of red cells to total blood volume. A hematocrit of over 52 percent should be evaluated. Decreasing testosterone dose or stopping it are options that may not be the best for assuring patients’ best quality of life, however. Switching from injectable to transdermal testosterone may decrease hematocrit, but in many cases not to the degree needed.
Different medical guideline groups that recommend monitoring for testosterone replacement therapy agree about measuring hematocrit at month 3 and then annually, with some also recommending measurements at month 6 after starting testosterone.
Many patients on testosterone replacement who experience polycythemia do not want to stop the therapy due to fears of re-experiencing the depression, fatigue, and low sex drive they had before starting treatment. Lowering hematocrit through blood donation can also reduce the risk of serious complications such as blood clots and stroke. For those patients, blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy may be the answer. Therapeutic phlebotomy is very similar to what happens when donating blood, but this procedure is prescribed by physicians as a way to bring down blood hematocrit and viscosity when blood centers refuse to accept a blood donor because of his high hematocrit.
When donating blood, usually a unit of blood is extracted from the body. For every unit of blood donated or extracted through therapeutic phlebotomy, there is a 2-3 point decrease in hematocrit. If your hematocrit is 56 and you want to bring him under 50, you would have to give 2 to 3 units of blood. However, taking this much blood out in one single blood donation/phlebotomy session may deplete ferritin and iron levels, which can cause extreme fatigue. So, be conservative and only give 1 unit max even if you have to go more frequently. But be aware that the Red Cross has stated that blood donations done more frequently than every 2.5 months run the risk of lowering your ferritin and iron too much (which can cause fatigue), so make sure that you get a ferritin test to determine if you should take an iron supplement after donating or to make sure that ferritin is not low before the next blood donation. It is estimated that one unit of blood extracted can lower ferritin by 30 points. Ferritin levels under 45 have been linked to fatigue and other symptoms.
Blood plays a vital role in our bodies, carrying oxygen to our cells and removing waste products. However, not all blood is the same. The presence or absence of particular antigens on the surface of a person's red blood cells determines their specific blood type. These antigens, along with the Rh factor, are the key factors in ABO blood grouping and Rho (D) typing.
The ABO blood group system is the most well-known and widely used method of classifying blood types. It categorizes blood into four major groups: A, B, AB, and O. Within these groups, there are further subdivisions based on the presence or absence of different antigens.
The Rh factor, on the other hand, determines whether a person's blood is Rh positive or Rh negative. Rh positive individuals have the Rh antigen on their red blood cells, while Rh negative individuals do not.
Understanding blood typing is crucial in medical settings, especially when it comes to blood transfusions. Transfusing blood that is incompatible with the recipient's blood type can lead to severe adverse reactions that can be life-threatening. Therefore, accurate ABO grouping and Rho(D) typing are essential to ensuring the safety and effectiveness of blood transfusions.
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the fundamentals of blood typing, the ABO blood group system, the significance of Rho(D) typing, and the practical applications of blood typing in various medical scenarios. Let's explore the fascinating world of ABO grouping and Rho (D) typing.
Before delving into the specifics of ABO grouping and Rho (D) typing, it is essential to understand the fundamentals of blood typing. Blood typing is based on the presence or absence of certain antigens and antibodies in a person's blood.
Red blood cells have molecules called antigens on their surfaces, whereas the immune system produces antibodies, which are proteins that can recognize and destroy foreign substances. The ABO blood group system, along with the Rh factor, forms the basis of blood typing.
The ABO blood group system categorizes blood into four major groups: A, B, AB, and O. The presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells determines these groups. For example, group A blood has A antigens, group B blood has B antigens, group AB blood has both A and B antigens, and group O blood has neither A nor B antigens.
In addition to the ABO system, the Rh factor plays a crucial role in blood typing. The Rh factor determines whether a person's blood is Rh positive or Rh negative, based on the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. Together, the ABO blood group system and the Rh factor provide a comprehensive understanding of a person's blood type.
Antigens and antibodies play a vital role in the immune system's defense mechanism. Antigens are responsible for distinguishing self from non-self, and they can be proteins or sugars present on the surface of cells, including red blood cells.
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, carry oxygen to various tissues in the body. Each red blood cell possesses specific antigens, such as the A and B antigens in the ABO blood group system. These antigens determine the blood type and help identify compatible blood for transfusion.
White blood cells, or leukocytes, are a critical part of the immune system. They produce antibodies in response to foreign antigens. Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system.
When it comes to blood transfusions, the presence of antigens and antibodies is of utmost importance. Mismatching blood types can lead to a severe immune response, resulting in the destruction of donor red blood cells by the recipient's antibodies. Therefore, accurate matching of blood types is crucial to ensuring the safety and efficacy of blood transfusions.
The understanding of blood types and their significance in transfusions can be attributed to the groundbreaking work of Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner. In 1901, Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system, for which he was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Landsteiner's research revealed that blood could be classified into different groups based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells. He identified the A and B antigens, laying the foundation for the ABO blood group system.
Further research by Landsteiner and other scientists led to the identification of the AB blood type, which possesses both A and B antigens, as well as the O blood type, which lacks both antigens. This discovery revolutionized the field of transfusion medicine, as it enabled safe and compatible blood transfusions.
Today, the ABO blood group system remains the cornerstone of blood typing, allowing for accurate matching of blood types and preventing adverse reactions during transfusions. Landsteiner's contribution to the field of blood typing has undoubtedly saved countless lives and continues to shape medical practices.
The ABO blood group system is the most well-known and widely used method for classifying blood types. It categorizes blood into four main groups: A, B, AB, and O.
Group A individuals have A antigens on the surface of their red blood cells and antibodies against B in their plasma. Group B individuals have B antigens on their red blood cells and antibodies against A in their plasma. Group AB individuals have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells but lack antibodies against A or B in their plasma. Group O individuals do not have A or B antigens on their red blood cells but have antibodies against both A and B in their plasma.
The ABO blood group system plays a critical role in determining blood compatibility for transfusions. It ensures that patients receive the appropriate blood type to prevent adverse reactions.
Each blood type within the ABO system has distinct characteristics and compatibility:
These characteristics are crucial in determining blood compatibility for transfusions and ensuring patient safety.
The ABO blood group system plays a vital role in blood transfusions to ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient. Matching the blood types is crucial to preventing adverse reactions, which can be life-threatening. Here's why the ABO system is essential in blood transfusion:
Understanding and considering the ABO blood group system is crucial in emergency situations, surgeries, and any blood transfusions to ensure the safety and well-being of patients.
Rho(D) typing, also known as Rh typing, is a significant component of blood typing. It determines whether an individual is Rh positive or Rh negative. The Rh factor refers to the presence or absence of specific antigens, known as Rh antigens, on the surface of red blood cells.
Rho(D) typing is essential in blood transfusions and pregnancy. Rh incompatibility between a Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive fetus can lead to complications. Understanding the Rh type is crucial in ensuring safe transfusions and preventing adverse reactions.
Rh positive and Rh negative blood types refer to the presence or absence of Rh antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Here's what you need to know about these blood types:
Understanding the Rh type is crucial in blood transfusions and pregnancy to ensure compatibility and prevent adverse reactions. Rh incompatibility between a Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive fetus can lead to complications during pregnancy.
Rho(D) typing plays a crucial role in pregnancy to prevent complications related to Rh incompatibility. If a Rh-negative mother carries a Rh-positive fetus, there is a risk of an immune response that can harm the fetus. Here's how Rho(D) typing is significant in pregnancy and disease prevention:
Rho(D) typing enables healthcare providers to identify Rh-negative mothers at risk of Rh incompatibility and take preventive measures. This helps ensure a healthy pregnancy and reduces the risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus.
Blood compatibility is crucial in transfusion medicine to ensure safe and successful blood transfusions. Here are two essential aspects of blood compatibility:
Ensuring blood compatibility through crossmatching and considering rare variants of the D antigen is vital in transfusion medicine to prevent adverse reactions and promote patient safety.
Cross-matching is a critical step in blood transfusions to ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient. Here's how cross-matching and transfusion compatibility work:
Crossmatching is a crucial step in transfusion medicine to ensure the compatibility of donor cells with a recipient's blood and promote safe and effective blood transfusions.
While the majority of the population falls into the common blood types, there are also rare blood types that require special considerations in emergency transfusions. Here's what you need to know about rare blood types:
Understanding rare blood types and having a diverse blood supply is essential to meet the urgent needs of patients in emergency transfusions and ensure they receive the appropriate blood type for a successful outcome.
Blood typing has practical applications in various medical scenarios, particularly in emergency situations where quick decisions and actions are critical. Here are some practical applications of blood typing:
Blood typing plays a vital role in emergency situations, surgical procedures, and blood donation processes. It enables healthcare providers to make informed decisions and ensure the safety and well-being of patients.
In medical emergencies, quick and accurate blood typing is crucial to provide immediate and lifesaving treatments. Here's how blood typing is utilized in medical emergencies:
By performing blood typing in medical emergencies, healthcare providers can rapidly identify the patient's blood type and ensure the timely administration of compatible blood, potentially saving lives.
In conclusion, understanding ABO grouping and Rho (D) typing is crucial for safe blood transfusions and medical interventions. The intricate details of blood typing, antigens, antibodies, and compatibility play a vital role in healthcare settings. Whether it's identifying rare blood types, preventing complications in pregnancy, or ensuring ethical practices in blood donation, this comprehensive guide sheds light on the significance and applications of blood typing. Embracing technological advancements in blood typing enhances efficiency and accuracy in medical procedures, paving the way for future innovations in transfusion medicine. Stay informed about the evolving landscape of blood typing for improved patient care and medical outcomes.
O positive (O+) blood types are the most prevalent in the United States, then A positive (A+). Approximately 39% of the population has O positive blood, making it the most prevalent blood type. The distribution of blood types can vary among different populations.
No, it is not possible to change your blood type. The antigens on the surface of red blood cells are what determine blood type. Your genetic makeup determines these antigens, which are immutable.
Rho (D) typing is highly accurate, but like any medical test, it can have occasional errors. The accuracy of Rho(D) typing depends on the testing method used and the laboratory's quality control procedures. However, errors in Rho(D) typing are generally rare.
Receiving the wrong blood type during a transfusion can lead to severe complications. The recipient's immune system may recognize the foreign blood as a threat and launch an immune response, causing a potentially life-threatening reaction. This is why blood typing and cross-matching are crucial to ensuring compatibility.
This panel provides smart bodybuilders with information that can help minimize potential short- and long-term side effects and risks. It includes gold-standard tests that do not have interference. This basic bodybuilder panel includes the following tests and panels:
All androgens, like testosterone and AAS, can increase red blood cells and their proportion in the blood (hematocrit), increasing blood thickness. This panel is essential since it determines when you reach a hematocrit of 53, the value indicating that blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy is needed. High hematocrit increases blood thickness, which can cause high blood pressure, headaches, and cardiovascular risks.
A CMP lab test is used to evaluate several body processes and functions, including:
Fasting is required.
This panel shows the percent free testosterone by equilibrium ultrafiltration, the percent free testosterone used to figure out the free testosterone, and the total testosterone measured using LC/MS, which is the most accurate method. There is no upper limit, so it is adequate for men on high testosterone or AA doses. The LC/MS assay also prevents interference of anabolics and biotin on testosterone blood levels. Note: This test panel is the most accurate and does not get affected by the presence of anabolics in the blood, unlike the regular ECLIA-based testosterone test used by doctors not educated on laboratory assay differences.
The commonly used estradiol test may overestimate estradiol. That test uses immunoassay technology that cannot differentiate C-Reactive Protein (involved in inflammation) from estradiol, so it reads the combination of the two as estradiol. This ultrasensitive estradiol test is based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an assay technology that does not have that limitation. Please be aware that estradiol is important in men and that treating it aggressively may get in the way of gains.
Cystatin C is much more accurate than a plain CMP to determine kidney function in people with higher muscle mass since using only creatinine as the main variable can give your doctor an impression of kidney issues. Unlike the commonly used creatinine test, Cystatin C is unaffected by higher muscle mass, protein intake, and creatine supplementation. Another one of the measures of kidney function is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. Creatinine clearance rate (CCr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma cleared of creatinine per unit of time and is a helpful measure for approximating the GFR. eGFR under 60 may indicate issues that are affecting kidney function.
This panel includes LDL (bad cholesterol), HDL (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (fatty acids dissolved in the blood). A higher dose of T and AAS can increase LDL and decrease HDL and triglycerides. Severely decreased HDL may cause cardiovascular issues in the long term. Fasting is required.
For a more comprehensive bodybuilder panel, check this one out: Comprehensive Bodybuilder Panel
Also, look at the Post Cycle Therapy panel
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
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This is a simple bodybuilder test panel for those who do not require Cystatin-C or GGT tests. The panel includes:
The following is a list of carefully selected laboratory tests and panels that are vital in properly preserving one's health while simultaneously enhancing one's body composition and strength:
The components of your blood that are measured by a complete blood count (CBC) test panel are as follows: red blood cells, which are responsible for transporting oxygen; white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infection; hemoglobin, which is the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen; hematocrit, which is the ratio of red blood cells to the fluid component in your blood (which correlates with blood thickness); and platelets, which aid in the process of blood clotting.
All androgens, including testosterone and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), have the ability to boost the number of red blood cells and their proportion in the blood (hematocrit), hence increasing the thickness of the blood (polycythemia). A high hematocrit level is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and headaches. This panel is important because it determines when you have reached a hematocrit of 53, which indicates that you either need to donate blood or undergo therapeutic phlebotomy.
Tests included in the CBC panel:
The comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is a blood test that measures several substances in your blood, including electrolytes, proteins, glucose, and liver and kidney function markers. It is often used to help diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease. The test is usually done as part of a routine health evaluation or to check for potential health problems. The results of the CMP are usually reported as a series of numbers, with a reference range indicating the normal values for each substance measured. It is important to note that the interpretation of a comp metabolic panel may vary depending on the individual's medical history and other factors. A healthcare provider should be consulted to interpret the test results correctly. Tests included:
The Serum Glucose test is how we diagnose diabetes. If the glucose is 126 on a fasting blood draw, meaning the blood was drawn first thing in the morning after an overnight fast, before you ate any breakfast, then you have diabetes. Now, that's assuming that when we repeat the test, we get the same results. It needs to be abnormal more than once.
The Uric Acid test is how we diagnose gout.
The BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen, can be abnormal in kidney disease, dehydration, heart failure, malnutrition, and liver disease.
Serum Creatinine is a measure of kidney function. The BUN to Creatinine ratio can give information on the possible cause of kidney dysfunction, say heart failure or dehydration, or decreased kidney blood flow.
Serum Sodium can be increased in dehydration. Serum sodium levels can drop when you take diuretics. SIADH stands for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Serum Potassium can be grown in adrenal insufficiency and acute renal failure, as well as with an improper combination of medicines. Potassium could be decreased in primary aldosteronism, diuretic therapy, and renal tubular acidosis.
Serum Chloride can be increased in dehydration and renal tubular acidosis, and it can be decreased in congestive heart failure and primary aldosteronism. Carbon Dioxide can be increased in primary pulmonary diseases, such as severe COPD and primary aldosteronism. It can be decreased in metabolic acidoses, such as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Serum Calcium can be increased in an endocrine disease called primary hyperthyroidism. It can also be an increase in malignancy. However, most of the time, when a person has a high Serum Calcium found unexpectedly, it's simply due to hyperparathyroidism, which can be treated. We can also have decreased Serum Calcium in hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency.
The Serum Phosphorus can be increased in acute or chronic renal failure and decreased in malabsorption and vitamin D deficiency.
The total Serum Protein can be increased in multiple myeloma and sarcoidosis, and it can be decreased in chronic glomerulonephritis, a type of chronic renal disease.
Serum Albumin can be decreased in liver disease, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome. The total Globulin and the albumin-to-globulin ratio can be increased or decreased due to several causes.
The total Bilirubin can be increased in hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, and blockage of the bile ducts, either the bile ducts within the liver or the bile duct that drains the gallbladder and the liver. That's what we mean when we say cholestasis, or biliary obstruction. Direct Bilirubin is increased in the same ways as total Bilirubin, but the ratio of direct to total gives us clues as to the causes. A syndrome called Gilbert's disease is one of the most common causes of a mildly elevated total Bilirubin found on a routine CMP. Although it's called a disease, it's familiar and doesn't cause any liver or health damage.
Alkaline Phosphatase can be increased in bone and liver disease and decreased in malnutrition and celiac disease.
The AST and ALT are often called liver enzyme tests. They don't measure liver function but give evidence of liver damage, but they can also cause damage to other body parts. They can be increased by liver disease, muscle disease, pancreatitis, and excessive exercise.
This panel consists of LDL, which is known as "bad cholesterol," HDL, which is known as "good cholesterol," and triglycerides (fatty acids dissolved in the blood). A higher dose of T or AAS may cause an increase in LDL cholesterol while causing a decrease in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. A significant drop in HDL could potentially lead to cardiovascular problems in the long run. FASTING IS NEEDED.
Due to the fact that the standard total testosterone test based on immunoassays has a ceiling of 1,500 ng/dL, men whose testosterone levels are high are unable to use the test. The LC/MS test for testosterone does not have a maximum allowable concentration. In addition, some laboratories provide computed free testosterone rather than the equilibrium ultrafiltration-based one, which is more accurate for determining this essential quantity.
The test that is most frequently used might overestimate the estradiol level. This test makes use of immunoassay technology, which is unable to distinguish between C-Reactive Protein (which is involved in inflammation) and estradiol; hence, it interprets the combination of the two as being estradiol. This ultrasensitive estradiol test utilizes an assay technology known as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), which is not constrained by the aforementioned limitation. In addition, DHT analogs like oxandrolone have the potential to significantly lower estradiol levels, which can result in joint pain and other difficulties related to low estradiol. Notice that only 0.4 percent of total testosterone is converted to estradiol during the aromatization process. The body does this to counteract the beneficial effect that estradiol has on lipids, which is a result of testosterone's detrimental effect on lipids. When your total testosterone level is high, your estradiol level will also be high. When making the assumption that an aromatase inhibitor is required, you should proceed with extreme caution. Click the link that says the effect of high and low estradiol levels on men's health for additional details. How to estimate estradiol levels given varied dosages of testosterone
Tests included: Hematocrit, Lipid panel (LDL, HDL, triglycerides), Cystatin C kidney test, eGFR kidney test, GGT liver test, Total Testosterone (LC/MS), Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Ultrafiltration), Ultrasensitive Estradiol, Prolactin, DHT test (LC/MS), IGF-1 test (LC/MS), and ferritin.
If you are a bodybuilder using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), it's vital to be aware of the potential side effects. However, many athletes overlook the necessity of lab tests to maximize benefits and to detect these damaging effects early on to minimize potential risks. To guarantee that you remain healthy during on-cycle phases, regular lab tests are recommended to monitor your body's response to AAS. The importance of lab tests lies in their ability to identify potential side effects in the early stages. Early detection is essential in minimizing the risks and avoiding long-term health problems. Blood pressure tests can detect high blood pressure, a common side effect of AAS usage.
Another crucial test is the liver function test; the liver is crucial for breaking down and eliminating AAS from your body, potentially causing damage to the liver through AAS usage. The liver enzyme test measures the liver's function to ensure it's working adequately. Kidney function tests are also recommended since AAS may affect the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. The creatinine levels in the blood and urine determine how well the kidneys are functioning. Lastly, lipid profile testing measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels. AAS usage may lead to imbalanced lipid levels, putting bodybuilders at risk of heart disease. These crucial tests help detect potential risks to your health effectively. Regular monitoring through blood pressure, liver, kidney, and lipid profile tests is fundamental to minimizing the potential health risks associated with AAS usage. It is advisable to prioritize regular lab tests to ensure you remain healthy even during on-cycle phases. Take care of your health, and always stay informed. Keep reading for more details.
Bodybuilders using testosterone and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have to be smart about maximizing benefits and minimizing short- and long-term side effects while exercising and eating effectively for good muscle gain, fat loss, and quality of life. Harm reduction is essential, especially when medical professionals' judgment and stigma create barriers to care. Here is a list of 14 carefully selected lab tests and panels that are essential in maintaining proper health while improving body composition and strength:
A complete blood count (CBC) test panel measures several components of your blood, including red blood cells, which carry oxygen; white blood cells, which fight infection; hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells; hematocrit, the proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component in your blood (which is correlated with blood thickness); and platelets, which help with blood clotting.
All androgens, including testosterone and AAS, can raise the number of red blood cells and their percentage in the blood (hematocrit), which makes the blood thicker (erythrocytosis).High hematocrit can cause high blood pressure, headaches, and cardiovascular risks. This panel is essential since it determines when you reach a hematocrit of 53, indicating that blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy is needed.
The comprehensive metabolic panel, or CMP, consists of 14 blood tests that are an initial medical screening tool to review overall health. The CMP blood test panel checks for glucose, kidney function, liver function, electrolyte, and fluid balance. FASTING IS REQUIRED.
This panel includes LDL (bad cholesterol), HDL (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (fatty acids dissolved in the blood). Higher doses of T and AAS can increase LDL and decrease HDL and triglycerides. Severely decreased HDL may cause cardiovascular issues in the long term. FASTING IS REQUIRED.
Cystatin C is a more accurate way to determine kidney function in people with higher muscle mass since using creatinine as the primary variable can be affected by higher muscle mass, protein intake, and creatine supplementation. Another one of the measures of kidney function is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. Creatinine clearance rate (CCRCr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit of time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR. eGFR under 60 may indicate issues that are affecting kidney function.
The GGT blood test looks for an enzyme, or protein, called gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in your blood. GGT is found in liver cells. This test helps your doctor look for damage to your liver or its ducts. It can also help tell the difference between liver and bone disease if your results from a different blood test called alkaline phosphatase are abnormal. Higher-than-average test results could indicate liver damage from diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, or pancreatic cancer. The good thing about GGT (unlike liver enzymes included in the CMP like AST and ALT) is that resistance exercise does not affect its value, so it is a more accurate way to detect liver disease in bodybuilders.
Men with high testosterone cannot use the regular total testosterone test based on immunoassays since it has an upper limit of 1,500 ng/dL. The LC/MS testosterone test does not have an upper limit. Also, some labs offer calculated free testosterone instead of the equilibrium ultrafiltration-based one, which is more accurate for this critical variable.
The commonly used estradiol test may overestimate estradiol. That test uses immunoassay technology that cannot differentiate C-Reactive Protein (involved in inflammation) from estradiol, so it reads the combination of the two as estradiol. This ultrasensitive estradiol test is based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an assay technology that does not have that limitation. Furthermore, DHT analogs like oxandrolone may dramatically decrease estradiol, causing joint aches and other low-estradiol issues. Note: 0.4 percent of total testosterone aromatizes to estradiol. This is the body's way of balancing testosterone's negative effect on lipids with estradiol's beneficial effect. If your total testosterone is high, so will your estradiol. Be very careful when assuming that an aromatase inhibitor is needed. For more information, click on the effect of high and low estradiol on men's health. How to predict estradiol for different testosterone doses.
Many bodybuilders worry about increased prolactin since it has been associated with erectile dysfunction.
This test measures the amount of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the blood. Low DHT has been associated with low libido, and high DHT has been linked to acne, hair loss, and benign prostatic inflammation in a minority of men.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, also known as IGF-1, is used as a biomarker for blood levels of human growth hormone. It is a hormone that the liver and other tissues produce that affects glucose metabolism and growth-promoting activities. Low IGF-1 may impede muscle growth.
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron. Red blood cells need iron to form and carry oxygen around your body. Low levels of ferritin lead to anemia. TRT and anabolics make the body make more red blood cells (erythrocytosis). This increased production decreases iron stores and ferritin.
Testosterone has been shown to decrease ferritin. Men on TRT and anabolics with high hematocrit (increased blood thickness caused by TRT or anabolics) usually donate blood or get a therapeutic phlebotomy to decrease hematocrit. There is a loss of around 30 points of ferritin during every donation. Low ferritin can cause fatigue, restless leg syndrome, muscle aches, and other issues.
We also provide a Post PCT Panel for people to find out if their hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis has recovered after a few weeks of PCT. The recovery of LH and FSH in an off-cycle period correlates to the normalization of the hormone axis responsible for proper testosterone and sperm production by your body.
Other tests that may be of interest:
Although studies published in the last 10 years do not show a link between the use of androgens and an increased risk of prostate cancer, some bodybuilders may have benign prostatic enlargement (BPH) that may require PSA follow-up.
Some bodybuilders may experience fatigue issues due to pre-existing low thyroid function (hypothyroidism), so it would be a good idea for them to check their thyroid function to ensure that it is working properly for not only energy production but also effective fat loss.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
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This panel includes CBC (Complete Blood Count) with differential, CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel), and Lipid Panel (LDL, HDL, Triglycerides). There are a total of 30 tests included!
RBC, red blood cells known as erythrocytes, transport oxygen from your lungs to your body's tissues and organs.
The total amount of RBCs in your blood sample is known as the RBC count. Several fundamental RBC measures are made during a CBC test:
The total amount of RBCs in your blood sample is known as the RBC count.
The amount of this oxygen-carrying protein contained inside RBCs is quantified by hemoglobin.
The amount of RBCs in your blood as a percentage of total blood volume is measured by hematocrit.
A CBC also offers information on the RBC's external characteristics. These are referred to as RBC indices, and there are various types of them:
The average size of RBC is determined by a technique called mean corpuscular volume (MCV).
The average quantity of hemoglobin inside each RBC is known as mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).
A determined indicator of how concentrated hemoglobin is within RBCs is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Red cell distribution width (RDW) measures how much your RBCs' sizes vary.
Reticulocyte count, or the total number of freshly released young RBCs in your blood sample, may be included in the CBC. Another way to measure it is as a percentage.
WBCs, also known as leukocytes, are a crucial component of the body's immune system.
The total number of WBCs in a blood sample is measured by the WBC count, which is part of a typical CBC.
The CBC with differential is one of the most popular CBC variations. The five different types of WBCs are broken down into the WBC differential as follows:
Most white blood cells (WBCs) are composed of neutrophils made by the bone marrow to combat a wide range of inflammatory and infectious disorders.
B-cells and T-cells, two types of lymphocytes fighting bacteria and other blood pathogens, are mainly located in the lymphatic system.
Monocytes: Monocytes eliminate damaged or dead cells while collaborating with neutrophils to fight infections and other disorders.
Eosinophils: Eosinophils are WBCs that become activated in response to some illnesses and allergies.
Basophils: Basophils play a role in wound healing, allergic reactions, and the early detection of infections.
A CBC with differential may be performed as part of basic blood testing, or it may be done if the original standard CBC is abnormal. The CBC with differential can be used to spot aberrant amounts of particular WBCs since each kind of WBC has a different purpose and can provide information about underlying health issues.
Blood-circulating cell fragments known as platelets (PLT), also known as thrombocytes, are crucial for blood coagulation. PLT aid in stopping bleeding when an injury occurs by adhering to the injury site and clumping together to create a temporary stopper.
The PLT count, or the quantity of PLT in your blood sample, is a regular part of the CBC.
Your doctor may occasionally request that the lab measure the mean PLT volume (MPV), which establishes the typical size of PLT.
This panel consists of 14 blood tests, an initial medical screening tool to review overall health. The CMP blood test panel checks for kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte and fluid balance. FASTING IS REQUIRED. These are the tests included:
Sodium is one of the body's principal minerals, regulated by the kidneys. It plays a vital role in water balance in your body. A low sodium level may be caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating. A high level can be caused by dehydration, excessive salt intake in your diet, or certain diseases. Numerous drugs, including diuretics, certain blood pressure medications, and steroids, may alter the sodium level.
Potassium is one of the body's principal minerals, primarily inside cells. It helps maintain water balance and proper function of nerves and muscles. Low or high levels in the blood are of critical significance and should be evaluated by your healthcare provider. This is especially important if you are taking a diuretic or heart medication. A high level may indicate kidney or liver disease, too much medication, or bodily injury, such as a burn. A low potassium level can develop rapidly, most frequently produced as a side effect of drugs that cause increased urination.
Chloride is one of the body's minerals involved with water balance. Most body chloride comes from salt in the diet. A high chloride level may mean severe dehydration, certain kidney disorders, or hyperventilation. A low chloride level may result from excessive vomiting, diarrhea, severe burns, excessive sweating, or kidney failure. Borderline low or high levels of chloride have very little significance.
n the body, most of the carbon dioxide (CO2) is in the form of a substance called bicarbonate (HCO3). Therefore, the CO2 blood test measures your blood bicarbonate level. Changes in your CO2 level may suggest that you lose or retain fluid, which causes an imbalance in your body's electrolytes. CO2 levels in the blood are influenced by kidney and lung function. The kidneys are mainly responsible for maintaining normal bicarbonate levels. The CO2 level is interpreted with other results to aid in medical diagnoses.
Albumin is the most significant portion of total blood protein. Modest decreases in albumin may be seen in people with low thyroid gland function and protein-losing conditions. Decreased blood albumin may indicate many disorders, including poor nutrition and advanced liver disease.
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found primarily in bone and the liver. It is commonly increased when the bile duct is blocked, which may be caused by gallstones. Elevated levels may indicate the presence of bone or liver disorders.
Bilirubin is the primary pigment in bile and a significant product of normal red cell breakdown. It helps evaluate liver function and various anemias and in evaluating jaundice and yellowing of the skin.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme in the liver and cardiac and skeletal muscle. AST may rise in liver, heart, and muscle disorders. It can also increase following strenuous, prolonged exercise.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme produced primarily in the liver, skeletal, and heart muscles.ALT rises in the instance of liver disease. ALT is present in the liver in a higher concentration than AST and is more specific for differentiating liver injury from muscle damage.
Urea, measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), is a waste product derived from the natural breakdown of protein in the liver. Urea is excreted in the urine after blood is filtered through the kidneys. The urea nitrogen level reflects protein metabolism and the kidneys' effectiveness in purifying blood.
The BUN/creatinine ratio is calculated by dividing the urea nitrogen result by the creatinine result. This ratio can help determine whether elevated urea nitrogen is due to impaired kidney function or other factors such as dehydration, urinary blockage, or excessive blood loss.
If BUN and Creatinine results are within the normal reference range, the BUN/Creatinine ratio will not be reported (not applicable). Clinical Significance: The BUN/Creatinine ratio is helpful in the differential diagnosis of acute or chronic renal disease.
Urea, measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), is a waste product derived from the natural breakdown of protein in the liver. Urea is excreted in the urine after blood is filtered through the kidneys. The urea nitrogen level reflects protein metabolism and the kidneys' effectiveness in purifying blood.
Calcium is one of the most critical elements in the body. It is essential for maintaining and repairing bone and teeth, heart function, muscle function, and blood clotting. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in your body is contained in your bones, and only one percent is in the blood. Although most of the calcium in the body is in the bones, the body regulates blood calcium levels very tightly since its functions are essential to health and performance.
Creatinine is derived from muscles and released into the blood. It is removed from the body by the kidneys. When the creatinine level is elevated, a decrease in kidney function is suggested. For patients 50 years of age and older who identify as African-American, the upper reference range for creatinine is approximately 10-15% higher.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is a test for kidney damage. eGFR is calculated using your serum creatinine result, age, and gender. Creatinine is not sensitive to early renal impairment since it varies with age, gender, and ethnic background. If you are African American, your eGFR is estimated differently. Since race is not reported in this screening, you will need to use the written result associated with your race. To get an African American-specific result, you can multiply this result by 1.21 to get your true eGFR. The same reference ranges will apply.
Glucose (“blood sugar”) is the chief energy source for all cells in the body. Glucose levels are regulated by hormones produced by your pancreas, including insulin. A glucose level outside the optimal range could signify that the body is not correctly creating or using insulin. These conditions are hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), prediabetes (elevated blood sugar), and diabetes (high blood sugar). For the most accurate result, you should fast (not eat or drink anything but water) for at least 8 hours before your screening. If you were not fasting at the time of your screening, you should interpret your result against an optimal range of less than 140 mg/dL.
When the doctor looks at your report of the CMP blood test panel, he organizes it in his mind according to body systems or possible diseases. The sodium, potassium, chloride, and total carbon dioxide measure the salt and acid-base balance of the body. The glucose level is how we diagnose diabetes. The BUN, Creatinine, and BUN to Creatinine ratio tell us how the kidneys function and can give us an idea about water balance and possible heart function. The calcium and phosphorus provide information on a possible endocrine disorder called hyperparathyroidism and can give information on possible bone disease and malabsorption. The total protein, albumin, and globulin can point to a liver problem, a kidney problem, or an immune disorder. The total direct bilirubin can be abnormal in liver disease and some blood diseases. The alkaline phosphatase, AST, and ALT can be irregular in liver disease.
Evaluates the risk for developing atherosclerosis (arterial plaque) and coronary heart disease. This test includes: Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
This test requires fasting for 8 hours.
There are typically no symptoms or indicators of high cholesterol.
Examining your cholesterol is the only way to determine if you have high cholesterol. Your medical team can measure your cholesterol levels using a quick blood test known as a "lipid profile."
A quick blood sample is necessary for the cholesterol screening test. Before your cholesterol test, you might need to fast (without food or liquids) for eight to twelve hours. Ask your doctor for advice on how to get ready for the examination.
A complete blood count (CBC) with a differential tests several parts of your blood. It checks:
Some people refer to this test as the Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential and Platelet Blood Test.
A CBC with differential test shows important information about different types of blood cells. This includes white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. The test helps doctors discover health issues like infections, anemia, and leukemia. It does this by checking the number and health of these blood cells.
A complete blood count (CBC) with a differential test checks different parts of your blood. It looks at the amount of red blood cells. These cells carry oxygen to your body. The test also measures white blood cells, which help your body fight infections. Hemoglobin is checked as well. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The test measures hematocrit too. Hematocrit shows the ratio of red blood cells to the liquid part of your blood. This shows how thick your blood is. Finally, it checks platelets, which are important for blood clotting.
A complete blood count (CBC) with differential checks several parts of your blood. It looks at white blood cells, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. This test is very important. A CBC provides helpful information about your overall health. It can detect issues like anemia, infection, and leukemia. A CBC with differential is one of the most common laboratory tests done today. It shows how many blood cells you have. It also examines how well your red blood cells carry oxygen by looking at rbc indices, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
Tests included:
Red blood cell count (RBC or erythrocyte count)
Whole blood contains different types of cells floating in a liquid called plasma. A complete blood count (CBC) or full blood count (FBC) looks at these cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The CBC provides valuable information about your overall health. Healthcare workers use it to find and understand several health problems, like anemia, infections, and blood issues. The National Cancer Institute in Bethesda explains that a complete blood count measures these blood cells. The counts from the small sample taken during the CBC are usually displayed as the number of cells in one cubic millimeter of blood (cells/mm3) or as a percentage of all blood cells.
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells. They use a molecule named hemoglobin for this job. Anemia happens when there are not enough red blood cells. This condition can leave a person feeling tired, weak, and short of breath. There are several tests to find out different types of anemia.
The number of red blood cells in the blood is known as the red blood cell count. For men, the normal range is 4.5–6.0 million cells/mm³. For women, it is 4.0–5.5 million cells/mm³. Women often have lower counts compared to men. This is mostly due to blood loss during their period.
This test checks how many red blood cells (RBCs) are in your blood. It tells you the percentage of red blood cells compared to all the blood volume. A normal hematocrit level for men is between 40% and 55%. For women, it is between 35% and 45%. A hematocrit test can help find anemia and other issues. These issues may include liver disease, bleeding problems, or how well red blood cells are made. Hematocrit levels can increase if you adapt to higher altitudes or if you are dehydrated. Typically, women have lower levels than men. Some men taking testosterone might have higher hematocrit. This can be managed with the right checks.
Hemoglobin is measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of blood. In healthy adults, men typically have between 14 and 18 g/dL of hemoglobin. Women usually have between 12 and 16 g/dL. A simple rule is that hemoglobin should be about one-third of the hematocrit. Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron and is found in red blood cells (RBCs). It allows these cells to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood. Checking hemoglobin levels shows how well your blood can transport oxygen to all the cells in your body. A lower level may indicate anemia. Hemoglobin levels can increase when people adjust to high altitudes. Generally, women have lower hemoglobin levels than men.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) measures how much hemoglobin is inside an average red blood cell. Hemoglobin carries oxygen, which is important for your body. A high MCH means there is more hemoglobin in your red blood cells (RBCs). This can happen when someone has anemia. A bigger mean corpuscular volume, which means larger red blood cells, usually pairs with higher MCH. This may indicate macrocytic anemia.
In contrast, a low MCH shows there is less hemoglobin in your red blood cells. A drop in MCH is often linked to certain types of anemia. A low MCH usually occurs with a low mean corpuscular volume, which means your RBCs are smaller. This suggests microcytic anemia. A lack of hemoglobin can also lead to hypochromic anemia.
The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) tells us how much hemoglobin each red blood cell (RBC) has. A high MCHC means there is a lot of hemoglobin in your RBCs. This is often seen as a high RBC count. A high MCHC is usually more about technical issues than health problems. Problems during collection, transport, or storage of the blood sample can change the shape of your RBCs. This can lead to a high MCHC reading. A low MCHC means there is less hemoglobin in your RBCs. A drop in MCHC can be linked to certain types of anemia. This includes issues like iron deficiency or thalassemia, which is a genetic disorder.
The size of your red blood cells can change. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) shows the average size of your red blood cells (RBCs). A high MCV means your RBCs are larger, known as macrocytic. This can occur if you have certain types of anemia or do not get enough vitamin B12 or folic acid. A low MCV means your red blood cells are smaller, called microcytic. A low MCV can indicate that you have anemia as well. Common reasons for low MCV include iron deficiency, chronic illness, thalassemia, or low amounts of RBCs. When your iron is low, red blood cells may be smaller. Some vitamin shortages or certain medications can cause cells to be larger than normal. In your CBC report, look for two columns: "reference range” and your results. If your results are within the reference range, they are normal. If they are higher or lower, this means they are abnormal. Mild anemia is a common reason for these unusual results.
A method to check the size and uniformity of red blood cells.
White blood cells (WBCs) are important for keeping your body safe. There are five types of WBCs. Each type has a unique role that helps fight illness or injury.
White blood cells, or leukocytes, play an important role in keeping the body safe from infections. A CBC measures the number of different types of white blood cells.
The total number of white blood cells in the body is called the white blood cell count (WBC). This count is important for checking how healthy the immune system is. A healthy adult usually has about 4,000 to 11,000 white blood cells in one cubic millimeter of blood. A high white blood cell count, which is also known as leukocytosis, can occur due to infections, inflammation, or stress on the body. Some diseases, like myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, can also cause a high count. A high white blood cell count means a person is fighting an infection or has inflammation. On the other hand, a low white blood cell count, called leukopenia, may indicate problems like an autoimmune disease, issues with bone marrow, or certain types of cancer. It is important to monitor any large changes in the white blood cell count. This can help find the cause and guide the right treatment.
Differential: A report lists the percentages of different types of white blood cells in relation to the total number of white cells. You can find the actual counts by multiplying these percentages with the total number of white blood cells (WBC).
A neutrophil is a kind of cell that helps our body fight bacterial infections. These cells are the most common type of white blood cell. Neutrophils usually make up about 50 to 70% of all white blood cells in our body. If the count of neutrophils drops below 500 to 750 cells/mm3, the risk of getting a bacterial infection increases. Neutrophils are very important for the immune system, human services, and medicine. They respond to bacterial infections and swelling. When they do, neutrophils move out of the blood vessels to the infection sites. The main cells found in pus from a wound are neutrophils.
There are two main types of lymphocytes. B cells make antibodies to fight invaders in the body. T cells focus on infected or cancer cells and help manage the immune system. Lymphocytes usually make up about 20-40% of all white blood cells. They are the second most common type of white blood cell.
Lymphocytes can be divided into larger natural killer cells and smaller B and T lymphocytes. Natural killer cells are important for our immune system. They help protect us from tumors and viral infections. They respond to changes on tumor cells and infected cells.
B and T lymphocytes react to infected cells in different ways. T lymphocytes use a cellular response, while B lymphocytes use antibodies. Some T cells can attack and destroy your own infected or cancerous cells.
Monocytes are cells that help fight germs. They do this by swallowing and destroying these germs. Monocytes stay in your blood for about 24 hours. After that, they leave the blood and move into the tissues. In the tissues, they grow into bigger cells called macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages usually make up 2-10% of all white blood cells.
Like other white blood cells, monocytes start in the bone marrow. This is the soft part inside bigger bones. They can eat harmful invaders by using a process named phagocytosis. Monocytes also help kill infected cells. Additionally, they play a role in a condition called atherosclerosis. This condition affects our arteries and can lead to heart disease and stroke.
Eosinophils are special cells in our body. They help us fight off parasites and allergic reactions. These cells belong to our immune system. Eosinophils make up about 0-6% of all white blood cells. Together with basophils and mast cells, they are important in managing allergies and asthma.
Another type of cell involved in allergic reactions is histamine. It makes up one percent or less of all white blood cells. Basophils are the rarest kind of the five types of white blood cells. When they activate, basophils release several substances. These include histamine and interleukin-4. Both substances play important roles in the allergic response.
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cells that help with blood clotting. A healthy platelet count is about 130,000 to 440,000 cells per mm3. If your platelet count is low, known as thrombocytopenia, you could bruise easily and bleed more than usual. This condition can be caused by some medications, autoimmune reactions, spleen damage, or certain immune diseases.
Platelets play an important role in stopping bleeding when you get hurt. They gather at the injury site and seal the area of the bleeding vessel. They also help blood clot more quickly. A doctor may check your platelet count if you often bruise or before surgery. Your count can change because of bleeding disorders, heart disease, diabetes, or inflammation.
Thrombocytosis is when your platelet count is high. This can occur due to inflammation, injury, or iron deficiency. In some rare cases, like essential thrombocythemia, platelet counts can become very high. When there are too many platelets, it is called thrombocytosis. This condition can raise the risk of heart issues caused by blood clots.
Mean Platelet Volume shows how big your platelets are. The width of platelets can shift as they get older. New platelets are larger than the older ones.
When you prepare for a complete blood count (CBC) test, you don’t need to change much in your daily life. It's still very important to follow any specific instructions from your healthcare provider. A blood sample will be taken from a vein in your arm using a small needle. This moment might feel like a quick sting. It’s a good idea to drink plenty of water before the test. Being well-hydrated helps your healthcare provider get a better blood sample from the vein. If there are additional tests with the CBC, your healthcare provider will let you know how to prepare for those too.
If your healthcare provider wants you to fast for tests, they will let you know how long to fast before they take your blood sample. Normally, you don't have to skip food or drinks just for the CBC test. You should feel free to talk to your healthcare provider about any questions or concerns you have about the procedure. This will help make your testing experience better.
Preparing for a CBC test is simple and usually requires a few steps. First, inform your healthcare provider, including your MD, about any medications you are taking. Some medications can affect the results of your blood test. Normally, you do not need to fast for a CBC. However, if you have other tests at the same time, fasting might be necessary. It is a good idea to drink enough water before your appointment. This can make the blood draw easier by increasing your blood volume.
On the day of the test, wear a short-sleeved shirt or clothing that makes it easy for your healthcare provider to reach your arm. This will help them collect your blood sample more easily. When they take your blood, you may feel a small pinch, but it will be quick, usually taking less than five minutes. After they collect the blood sample, your healthcare provider will put on a bandage to help reduce any bruising.
It is really important to follow any extra instructions from your healthcare provider. These instructions can change based on your health needs. They might also be different if you are having several tests done.
Once your blood sample is tested, your healthcare provider will discuss the results with you. A CBC test can reveal several issues. This includes abnormal results such as anemia, infections, and various blood disorders. The test results typically show the counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Each of these numbers helps you understand more about your overall health.
Abnormal results can show that there might be health issues. It's important to understand what these numbers mean for you. For instance, a low red blood cell count could indicate anemia. A high white blood cell count may suggest an infection, inflammation, or lymphoma. If your results fall outside the normal ranges, your healthcare provider will talk with you about what steps to take next. This may involve conducting additional tests or closely monitoring your health.
Interpreting CBC results means understanding the normal ranges for different parts of the blood. For adults, the white blood cell count is typically between 4,000 and 10,000 cells/mm³. Men usually have between 4.5 and 6 million red blood cells per mm³. Women usually have between 4.0 and 5.5 million red blood cells per mm³. If the results are not normal, they can show different health problems. A high white blood cell count might suggest an infection. A low platelet count might mean a higher risk of bleeding.
Healthcare providers will review your complete medical history and any symptoms you have when they analyze these results. It is important to discuss any strange findings with your provider. Talking openly about these issues can help you understand what they might mean for your health. Regular CBC tests are a key part of a routine exam. They can help manage ongoing health problems and make sure you get the care you need on time.
In conclusion, knowing the results of a CBC with differential test can give important clues about a patient's overall health. This test can help find several conditions, including those related to cancer treatment. By looking at key parts of the test, such as the white blood cell count and differential count, doctors can learn more about possible health issues. This knowledge helps them make better treatment plans for cancer patients. It is vital for both patients and healthcare providers to understand what these test results mean. They need to work together to address any concerns, especially for the upcoming appointments in October related to cancer treatment.
A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a common blood test that provides important information about the types and numbers of cells in your blood. It can help diagnose a variety of conditions, including:
1. Anemia
2. Infections
3. Leukemia
4. Bleeding disorders
5. Inflammatory conditions
A CBC is a valuable tool for healthcare providers to assess your overall health and to diagnose a wide range of diseases and conditions based on the results of the test. It is often one of the first tests ordered in a routine check-up or when evaluating symptoms that could indicate an underlying health issue.
The results of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential test can indeed vary depending on the individual's age and gender. For example, certain values such as hemoglobin levels may differ between males and females due to physiological differences. Additionally, age-related changes in blood cell counts can impact the interpretation of the test results. It is important for healthcare providers to consider these factors when analyzing CBC with Differential test results to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plans tailored to each individual's specific health needs.
Complete Blood Count (CBC): What to Know - MedlinePlus
Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC) with Differential – Mayo Clinic Pediatric Catalog
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Purpose, Procedure, and Results - Cleveland Clinic
What Is a Differential Blood Count? - WebMD
Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential, Reflex to Peripheral Smear Review - Labcorp
Understanding the Complete Blood Count with Differential - PubMed
Blood Differential Test: Purpose, Procedure, and Results - Mount Sinai
How to Read Blood Test Results - Cancer Treatment Centers of America
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Definition, Normal Ranges, and Results - Sight Diagnostics
Complete Blood Count with Differential: Purpose and Results - URMC Health Encyclopedia
To understand your CMP results, compare them to the normal range. Think about your medications and lifestyle, too. It is a good idea to get help from your healthcare provider.
A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) blood test is a great way to check your overall health. It measures several things in your blood. Doctors use this test to find out how well your organs, like your kidneys and liver, are working. It can also help them spot health conditions and monitor the ones you already have. The cmp blood test checks kidney function, liver function, blood sugar, and electrolyte levels. The important information from this test helps your doctor make good choices about your healthcare.
The comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is a key test for your health. It gives important details about how your body functions. This includes checking your fluid balance and the amount of fluid in your body. The CMP looks at blood levels of several items, like glucose and electrolytes. It also checks kidney function and liver function. By measuring things like carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase, doctors can identify early signs of kidney disease, liver disease, or diabetes. Knowing your CMP results helps you keep an eye on your health conditions. It also helps keep the vital functions in your body balanced for good health.
A CMP looks at key substances in your blood. Here’s a list of its main parts and why they are important:
The CMP, or comprehensive metabolic panel, has 14 blood tests. This panel is often the first step to see your overall health. It checks how well your kidneys and liver are working. It also looks at your fluid balance and electrolytes. You must fast before taking the test. Here are the tests in the panel:
1. Sodium (Na)
Sodium is an important mineral for our bodies. The kidneys help keep the sodium level balanced. Sodium helps maintain the right water balance in your body. You may have low sodium if you vomit, have diarrhea, or sweat too much. High sodium can happen if you do not drink enough water, eat too much salt, or have specific health issues. Some medications, such as diuretics, blood pressure drugs, and steroids, can also affect sodium levels.
2. Potassium (K)
Potassium is a key mineral for our bodies. It is mostly located inside our cells. Potassium helps keep the right amount of water in our body. It also helps our muscles and nerves function well. Checking the amount of potassium in your blood is very important. Your healthcare provider should do this if you have low or high levels. This is especially important if you take diuretics or heart medicine. A high potassium level might mean you have problems like liver disease, kidney issues, taking too much medicine, or an injury such as a burn. A low level can happen quickly, often due to medicines that cause more urination.
3. Chloride (C)
Chloride is a mineral that helps keep the right amount of water in the body. Most of the chloride we get comes from the salt in our food. Having too much chloride can show serious dehydration, some kidney problems, or breathing quickly. A low level of chloride might happen if someone vomits a lot, has diarrhea, suffers from severe burns, sweats heavily, or has kidney failure. If your chloride levels are only slightly low or high, it often isn’t a big deal. However, it can point to possible issues like dehydration, kidney disease, or too much acid in the blood.
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
In the body, most carbon dioxide (CO2) exists as bicarbonate (HCO3). A CO2 blood test checks how much bicarbonate is in your blood. Changes in CO2 levels can show if you are losing or keeping fluids. This can upset the balance of electrolytes in your body. Your kidneys and lungs help manage CO2 levels in your blood. The kidneys are important for keeping bicarbonate levels normal. Doctors look at CO2 levels with other test results to help with diagnoses.
5. Albumin (Alb)
Albumin is the main part of the total protein in blood. A small drop in albumin can happen in people with low thyroid function or when the body loses protein. When albumin levels drop, it can mean several problems. These problems can include poor nutrition and serious liver disease.
6. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme mostly found in the bones and liver. Occasionally, gallstones can block the bile duct. When this blocking occurs, the levels of alkaline phosphatase may go up. High levels can indicate that there could be issues with the bones or liver.
7. Bilirubin (Bil) Total
Bilirubin gives bile its color. It comes from the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Doctors check bilirubin levels to see how well the liver is working. They also use it to find out about different types of anemia. Additionally, bilirubin can help diagnose jaundice, which causes the skin to yellow.
8. Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in the liver and muscles. It is present in places like the heart and skeletal muscle. If there are issues with the liver, heart, or muscles, AST levels can rise. Also, intense workouts or prolonged exercise can cause an increase in AST levels.
9. Transaminase (ALT)
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme mostly found in the liver, muscles, and heart. When a person has liver disease, their ALT levels usually rise. The liver contains more ALT than aspartate aminotransferase (AST). This makes ALT a better option for distinguishing between liver injury and muscle damage.
10. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Urea is a waste product that forms when the body breaks down protein in the liver. We measure this waste as blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The kidneys filter the blood, and urea is taken out in the urine. The amount of urea nitrogen tells us how well the body uses protein and how well the kidneys clean the blood.
The BUN/creatinine ratio is calculated by dividing the amount of urea nitrogen by the amount of creatinine. This ratio helps us understand if high urea nitrogen happens due to bad kidney function or other problems. These problems can be dehydration, a blockage in the urinary system, or significant blood loss.
If your BUN and creatinine results are normal, you won’t see a BUN/creatinine ratio. This means it doesn't apply. The BUN/creatinine ratio is helpful for telling the difference between acute and chronic kidney disease.
11. Total Protein
12. Calcium (Ca)
Calcium is really important for your body. It keeps your bones and teeth strong. Calcium also helps your heart, helps your muscles move, and plays a part in blood clotting. About ninety-nine percent of the calcium in your body is stored in your bones. Only one percent is found in your blood. Even though most calcium is in the bones, your body carefully manages the amount of calcium in your blood. This is crucial for good health and how well your body works.
13. Creatinine (Cr) with calculated eGFR
Muscles produce creatinine, which then enters the blood. The kidneys help remove it from the body. When creatinine levels are high, it could indicate that kidney function is not working well. For African-American patients who are 50 years or older, the safe upper limit for creatinine is about 10-15% higher.
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a test that checks for kidney damage. To find out your eGFR, we use your serum creatinine level, age, and gender. But keep in mind that creatinine might not show early kidney issues well. This happens because it can change due to your age, gender, and background. If you are African American, your eGFR is calculated in a different way. This test does not ask about your race, so it is important to link your result to your ethnicity. If you need your specific eGFR as an African American, you can multiply your result by 1.21. The reference ranges remain the same.
14. Glucose
Glucose, often called "blood sugar," is the main source of energy for all your body's cells. Your pancreas produces hormones, including insulin, to help manage glucose levels. If your glucose levels are too high or too low, it could mean your body isn’t making or using insulin properly. This may lead to issues like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), prediabetes (high blood sugar), or diabetes (very high blood sugar). For the most accurate test results, you should fast for at least 8 hours before the test. This means you can only drink water. If you didn't fast, compare your results to the normal range, which is less than 140 mg/dL.
When the doctor looks at your CMP blood test report, he thinks about body systems or diseases. The levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, and total carbon dioxide check how well your body balances salt and acid. The glucose level is important for diagnosing diabetes. BUN, creatinine and the BUN-to-creatinine ratio show how well your kidneys work. They also help with understanding water balance and heart function. Calcium and phosphorus levels can be signs of an endocrine disorder known as hyperparathyroidism. They might also point to bone disease or malabsorption issues. The total protein amount, which includes albumin and globulin, can show liver or kidney problems. Low levels may also indicate immune disorders. Total direct bilirubin can be high in liver disease and certain blood diseases. Alkaline phosphatases AST, and ALT can be low or high in liver disease, with low levels suggesting possible issues.
Before your CMP test, your healthcare provider will give you key advice. You need to follow these steps for good test results. One important step is fasting. This means you should not eat or drink anything before the test. Fasting is important because it allows a clear check of your blood sugar levels without food affecting the results.
You should tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines, supplements, or herbal remedies you are using. These can affect your test results. Good communication is important to make sure your CMP test is accurate and useful.
Before your CMP test, talk with your healthcare provider. They will share important instructions based on your health history and the reason for the test. Make sure to follow their instructions closely. This will help you get the results you want.
You should not eat food for 8 to 12 hours before the test. This means no eating or drinking anything that has calories. You can drink water. Fasting is important because it helps to show clear results of your blood sugar.
If you take any medicines or supplements, you should talk to your healthcare provider. Some medicines might need to be adjusted before the test. This will help ensure that the test results are correct.
Fasting is necessary before the CMP test. Eating or drinking anything except water gives your body nutrients. This can change some results, like blood sugar levels. So, you should fast for the correct amount of time. This will help show an accurate picture of your blood chemistry.
You can drink water during your fast. Staying hydrated is important. This helps the healthcare provider when they take your blood sample.
Let your healthcare provider know about any medicines, vitamins, or supplements you take. They can affect your test results. Your healthcare provider might ask you to stop using them or change how you use them before the CMP test.
The CMP procedure is easy. It works like other blood tests. A trained healthcare worker, usually a phlebotomist, will take a small blood sample from a vein in your arm. They will use a clean needle for this.
After they take the blood sample, they put a label on it. Then, they send it to a lab for testing. Special machines check the different parts of your blood. They make a detailed report for your healthcare provider to read.
Knowing what will happen during your CMP test can help you feel less anxious. The test is fast and simple. You will sit comfortably while a healthcare provider prepares your arm. They will clean the spot with a disinfecting wipe.
A health care professional will use a small needle to take a sample of your blood from a vein in your arm. You might feel a quick pinch or sting when the needle goes in, but this feeling will pass quickly. The whole process of collecting your blood usually takes less than five minutes.
After the blood draw, the healthcare provider will place a small bandage on the spot where the needle went in. You can go back to your regular activities right away. Some people might notice a tiny bruise or feel some soreness in that area. However, this usually goes away in one or two days.
Once your blood sample gets to the lab, they will check it for 14 different substances in the CMP. You usually get the results in a few days to a week. However, this time might change depending on the lab and how they work.
Your healthcare provider will get the CMP results when they are ready. They will look at these results along with your health history, any medications you are taking, and the symptoms you feel.
It is important to plan a follow-up visit with your healthcare provider. You should review your CMP results with them. They can help you understand what the numbers show. They can also discuss any concerns you have. If needed, they will recommend more tests or treatment options.
Getting your CMP results can be tricky. It may feel confusing if you do not understand what each part means. Keep in mind that these results are read together with your health history, the medicines you take, and any symptoms you have.
Your healthcare provider is the right person to help you understand your CMP results. They can talk about any unusual findings. They will also help you know what to do next. If some results are not normal, they might suggest more tests or screenings to learn more.
Knowing your CMP test results is important for understanding your overall health. Each test looks at specific things and has a normal range. These ranges might vary slightly depending on the lab and the testing methods they use.
|
Test |
Normal Range |
Potential Indication If Abnormal |
|
Glucose |
70-100 mg/dL |
High: Diabetes; Low: Hypoglycemia |
|
Calcium |
8.5-10.2 mg/dL |
High: Hyperparathyroidism; Low: Vitamin D deficiency |
|
Sodium |
135-145 mEq/L |
High: Dehydration; Low: Fluid overload |
|
Potassium |
3.7-5.2 mEq/L |
High: Kidney disease; Low: Diuretic use |
|
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
6-20 mg/dL |
High: Kidney disease; Low: Liver disease |
|
Creatinine |
0.6-1.3 mg/dL |
High: Kidney disease; Low: Muscle wasting |
Abnormal test results don’t always mean there is a serious health issue. They are clues that can tell your healthcare provider to check more into your health. Your lifestyle, medications, or short-term health problems can also affect these test results. This shows it’s important to have open discussions with your healthcare provider.
When doctors want to see how well your kidneys are working, they check a number called glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This number tells us how good your kidneys are at getting rid of waste in your blood. They often calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by using your creatinine levels, age, and some other details. A lower eGFR can suggest that your kidneys are not working as they should.
Doctors check how your liver is working by looking at certain enzymes. The main enzymes they check are alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). If these enzymes are high, it might mean there is liver damage or swelling. ALP can also be in bones, so high levels could show bone problems. ALT is mostly linked to the liver, while AST is found in the liver as well as in the heart and muscles.
These examples are part of a bigger picture. To truly understand your CMP results, the doctor will look at everything. This includes the test, your health history, and any symptoms you might have. It is very important to talk about your tests with your healthcare provider. They will give you a clear explanation.
In conclusion, it's important to understand what your Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) results mean for your overall health. A CMP checks different parts of your body and provides useful information about how they work. By preparing for the test and discussing the results with your healthcare provider, you can spot problems early. Regular CMP tests help you see changes in your health over time, and this is important for preventive care. If you have questions about the metabolic panel or want to schedule a test, talk to your healthcare provider for the best advice for you.
Get your Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test booked today. It's a smart way to look after your health.
Your healthcare provider will determine if you need a CMP test. They will look at your age and overall health. They will also take into account any health conditions you may have, such as high blood pressure or diabetes. How often you need this test will also rely on these factors.
You should not eat for 8 to 12 hours before a CMP test. Fasting gives clear blood sugar results. Follow the specific instructions from your healthcare provider about fasting.
The key difference between a CMP and a BMP is the number of tests each requires. A BMP tests basic things, such as glucose and electrolytes. A CMP offers more details. It includes tests for kidney function, liver, and several other markers.
CMP results might take a few days to be ready at the medical laboratory. Your healthcare provider will reach out to you once the test results are available. They will set up a follow-up appointment to talk about the results and what you should do next.
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) Test Overview - MedlinePlus
What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel? - Medical News Today
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): Purpose and Results - WebMD
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: Test Details and Interpretation - Mount Sinai
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: Understanding Your Blood Test Results - Testing.com
Cardio IQ is an advanced lipid panel that provides detailed insights into cardiovascular health by measuring cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and other key markers. This test helps assess the risk of heart disease and provides valuable information for personalized treatment and lifestyle modifications.
The Cardio IQ® Report provides an in-depth assessment of cardiovascular risks to help physicians recommend the ideal individualized treatment option for patients to minimize cardiovascular disease.
The report is simple, yet comprehensive. It is color-coded to display progressive risk values versus goal using “optimal,” “moderate,” and “high-risk” categories and grouped by functional categories.
Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel The Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel includes:Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL and Cholesterol/HDL ratio, LDL Particle Number, LDL Peak Size, LDL Pattern, HDL Large, LDL Small, LDL Medium, Apolipoprotein B, Lipoprotein (a). Fasting is not required prior to collection of a lipid panel. Results for this test take 2 weeks to receive.
The Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel includes:
By looking at these lipid markers, doctors can get a better idea of a patient's risk for cardiovascular disease and make treatment plans that focus on specific lipid abnormalities. This all-around approach could help lower the overall risk of getting heart disease.
Results for this test take 2 weeks to receive.
It is recommended to fast for 12–14 hours before getting your blood drawn for this test.
The Cardio IQ® Report provides an in-depth assessment of cardiovascular risks to help physicians recommend the ideal individualized treatment option for patients to minimize cardiovascular disease.
The report is simple yet comprehensive. It is color-coded to display progressive risk values versus goals using “optimal,” “moderate,” and “high-risk” categories and grouped by functional categories.
This advanced test uses a technology called ion mobility, specifically the Cardio IQ Lipoprotein Fractionation test from Quest Diagnostics. This test goes far beyond your basic lipid test and replaces the VAP® Cholesterol Test. For starters, this test helps to reclassify a patient’s cardiovascular risk, making it more useful than a simple lipid panel for healthcare providers in evaluating a broader range of cardiovascular risks, including the risk of heart attack and stroke, overall cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. However, the Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel is not just useful for evaluating cardiovascular risk, but also for assessing overall health through a comprehensive test panel. While routine lipid profiles only measure cholesterol levels, this advanced test also evaluates other factors such as inflammation and insulin resistance, providing detailed information and a more complete understanding of a patient's overall health, including potential risks for liver disease. Additionally, the advanced lipid testing in Cardio IQ can also help patients make informed decisions about their overall wellness by leveraging topics such as reclassification of patient risk profiles, monitoring lifestyle changes with repeat tests, and medication management based on test results.
With its advanced technology and comprehensive analysis, Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel, which includes additional blood biomarkers such as the Apolipoprotein B test, is the best heart disease predictor available. Furthermore, regular Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel testing can also help healthcare providers track the impact of dietary changes on cholesterol levels and make necessary adjustments to achieve optimal levels for their patients. Additionally, according to a major study, half of all patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease have "normal" cholesterol levels, making the advanced lipid panel even more crucial for accurate risk assessment and management. Special Notes: Fasting is not required prior to collection of a lipid panel. Tests Included: Cardio IQ® Advanced Lipid Panel, including the Cardio IQ® Direct LDL test. Payment can be completed using a credit card or other available options.
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are all part of the lipoprotein spectrum that can be precisely measured using ion mobility technology. Ion mobility identifies 2 main subclasses of HDL: large HDL and small HDL. The antioxidant properties of large HDL may help protect the arterial wall from the buildup of LDL cholesterol, also known as bad cholesterol. A decreased large HDL subclass has historically suggested increased CVD risk, including heart risks such as heart attack. The Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel gives a more complete picture of a person's heart health than a standard lipid profile because it measures all lipoprotein fractions, including those that can build up on artery walls. It does this by measuring levels of good cholesterol (HDL) and bad cholesterol (LDL), as well as other important markers like HDL cholesterol.
An elevated total LDL particle number is associated with a 1.2 to 1.4-fold increase in cardiovascular disease risk. Similarly, elevated small and medium LDL particle numbers have been associated with a 1.2 to 1.4-fold increase.
The following table shows what to do when any of the lab test results shown by your Cardio IQ test is abnormal.
DiscountedLabs.com offers affordable blood tests you can order online in the United States without the need of a doctor's order. We have no hidden fees and have an easy ordering process.
Insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. It is often caused by a combination of genetic factors, poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity. Insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes if left untreated.
The Cardio IQ® Insulin Resistance Score (IR), which uses fasting insulin and C-peptide measurements to estimate a person's likelihood of having insulin resistance. It eliminates the need for multiple samples and reduces the chance of errors that can occur with some other tests.
Having a high score (indicating a greater probability of insulin resistance) was linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, even after accounting for other risk factors.
An IR score of <33 suggests that an individual has normal insulin sensitivity.
A score of 33 to 66 suggests that an individual has >4-fold greater odds of having IR compared with an individual with a score <33 .
A score >66 suggests that an individual has >15-fold greater odds of having IR compared to an individual with a score
Fasting Required for 10-12 hours. Water only.
Insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. It is often caused by a combination of genetic factors, poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity. Insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes if left untreated.
In people with insulin resistance (IR), their cells don't respond well to insulin and don't absorb enough glucose from the blood. This can lead to conditions like prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, along with others like high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and certain types of cancer. Insulin resistance is also associated with slightly higher levels of inflammation throughout the body, including kidney disease. Spotting and addressing insulin resistance early can help prevent or slow down these health conditions, including disease control. Obesity (defined as having a certain body mass index, or BMI) is a major cause of insulin resistance. It is important to note that a high-calorie, high-sugar diet, lack of physical activity, and other factors can also contribute to insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance can start slowly and be hard to identify. In the early stages, the pancreas may produce extra insulin to make up for the reduced sensitivity. This can keep blood sugar and HbA1c (a measure of long-term blood sugar control) at normal levels. Monitoring only blood sugar won't catch the start of insulin resistance. If you have a family history of diabetes or conditions that can cause insulin resistance, talk to your healthcare provider about your risk of developing insulin resistance. If insulin sensitivity keeps dropping, the extra insulin produced won't be able to keep blood sugar levels normal, leading to higher blood sugar levels, prediabetes, and eventually type 2 diabetes. It is important to note that losing excess weight by just 7 percent can help lower your risk of developing diabetes and improve your body weight. Around 1 in 3 people in the United States have prediabetes, according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
There are research methods to detect insulin resistance even in people with normal fasting plasma glucose levels, but they are time-consuming and complicated, so they're not practical for routine use. Simpler methods have shown promise for assessing the risk of diabetes. For instance, combining HbA1c and the HOMA-IR score, which uses fasting insulin and glucose levels, improved risk assessment for type 2 diabetes compared to using HbA1c alone.
C-peptide, a molecule released with insulin, can be an indirect marker of insulin resistance. Compared to insulin, C-peptide lasts longer in the blood, is present at higher levels, and fluctuates less. But measuring C-peptide is not commonly done due to the cost and inconvenience of collecting more samples and doing an additional test.
The Cardio IQ® Insulin Resistance Score uses fasting insulin and C-peptide measurements to estimate a person's likelihood of having insulin resistance. It eliminates the need for multiple samples and reduces the chance of errors that can occur with some other tests.
This score was developed in a study and used to estimate the odds of having insulin resistance in the United States. It showed that having a high score (indicating a greater probability of insulin resistance) was linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a group of older Europeans, even after accounting for other risk factors. Additionally, it has been observed that certain ethnicities, such as African Americans, have a higher susceptibility to diabetes. Therefore, understanding the impact of insulin resistance on different populations, including the United States, is crucial in managing and preventing diabetes.
Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic condition that occurs when cells become less sensitive to insulin’s stimulation to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. When cells become insulin resistant, pancreatic β-cells increase the production of insulin to overcome IR and maintain normoglycemia.1,2 Over time, IR may continue to increase and/or pancreatic function may decline,2 allowing blood glucose and HbA1c levels to elevate. This can be a gradual process and makes early identification of IR difficult. As long as your pancreas can make enough insulin production to overcome your cells’ weak response to insulin, your blood glucose levels will stay in the healthy range.
If IR is left untreated, it can lead to development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is also associated with other clinical conditions including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome, and certain forms of cancer.1 Therefore, early identification of IR and intervention can halt or reverse progression of clinical conditions.
The CardioIQ® Insulin Resistance Panel With Score estimates the probability that an individual currently has insulin resistance (IR). It is based on laboratory test measurements of insulin and C-peptide, which are used in a calculation to provide a score that indicates the probability of the individual having IR.3
Although insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted from pancreatic β-cells at the same rate, their stability and clearance vary: C-peptide has much longer half-life in circulation (20-30 minutes for C-peptide compared to 3-5 minutes for insulin), and insulin is primarily cleared by the liver, whereas C-peptide is cleared through the kidneys.4 Together, insulin and C-peptide measurements provide a better indicator of IR than either alone.3
The insulin suppression test5 and euglycemic clamp6 are standards for assessing insulin resistance (IR) and glucose tolerance. However, these methods are not well-suited for primary care clinics: they are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and require intravenous infusion. Fasting insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), a score of IR based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements, are simple methods that can indicate IR and glucose tolerance. Additionally, a fasting blood sugar test and a blood test can also be used to diagnose insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. You will often be required to fast (avoid eating or drinking anything except water) 8 hours before the test. The blood sample will be sent to a lab for testing, and anything more than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is an indication of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance.
In a study of apparently healthy individuals assessed for IR by the insulin suppression test, the insulin and C-peptide score outperformed insulin and the HOMA-IR. The odds ratio (OR) comparing the top quartile of those with IR vs no IR was 6.9 for the IR score, 1.6 for insulin alone, and 1.5 for the HOMA-IR.3
No. The insulin and C-peptide values used in the calculation are measured simultaneously by mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methodology from a single sample.7 C-peptide cannot be ordered separately using this methodology, and C-peptide (test code 372) by immunoassay is not an equivalent test and cannot be used in the calculation of the score. The panel component Insulin, Intact, LC/MS/MS (test code 93103) can be ordered separately.
The CardioIQ® Insulin Resistance Panel with Score will aid in early identification of insulin resistance (IR). Testing is appropriate for individuals:
The CardioIQ® Insulin Resistance Panel With Score provides a calculated score based on the insulin and C-peptide values (see Question 2). Each score is associated with a probability of IR based on population tertiles.
A score less than 33 is optimal and indicates normal insulin sensitivity.
A score of 33 to 66 indicates an individual has >4-fold greater probability of having IR relative to someone with a score less than 33.
A score of greater than 66 indicates an individual has >15-fold greater probability of having IR relative to someone with a score less than 33.
For patients without known diabetes, a fasting insulin level >10 µU/mL is consistent with the presence of hepatic steatosis.8 Consider further evaluation to assess the presence and stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
While both these tests identify metabolic risk, they differ in other clinical aspects: the disease state identified, timing of risk, and panel components. The Insulin Resistance Panel With Score provides a value that indicates the likelihood an individual currently has IR using insulin and C-peptide, whereas the Diabetes Risk Panel with Score assesses an individual’s probability of developing diabetes in the next 8 years.
C-peptide is renally cleared; therefore, those with reduced kidney function may have an increased amount of C-peptide, which may affect the Insulin Resistance Score. While kidney function has been associated with risk of IR,3,9 this test has not been validated for use in individuals with reduced kidney function; results in this population should be interpreted with caution.
Insulin analogs lispro and glargine interfere with insulin quantitation, while insulin analogs aspart and degludec do not. The presence of insulin antibodies may cause an artificially low result.
Nutrition can play a crucial role in reducing insulin resistance, a condition that occurs when the body becomes less responsive to insulin. One way to combat insulin resistance is by consuming a diet that is rich in fiber and low in refined carbohydrates and sugars. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Additionally, incorporating healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids found in fish or nuts can also be beneficial for reducing inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity. Lastly, staying hydrated and limiting alcohol consumption can also support healthy insulin levels.
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells become resistant to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. This condition can lead to several complications such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Insulin resistance can also increase the risk of developing certain cancers, including breast and colon cancer. Additionally, it can contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Managing insulin resistance through lifestyle modifications like exercise and a healthy diet is crucial in preventing these complications.
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This panel is the most inclusive of all offered on the site for men who want a wide picture of their health or who are considering starting testosterone replacement therapy. It provides a baseline overview of your sex hormones, thyroid gland, adrenal function, metabolic function, cholesterol, prostate and overall health. It includes:
Note: If you are using testosterone replacement, your LH and FSH will be suppressed. You may want to click the more affordable: TRT Male Hormone/Wellness Panel and add other tests in the dropdown menu.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
How does DiscountedLabs.com work: Click here
The causes of fatigue are multifactorial and could involve imbalances in several hormones. This panel includes most hormones and variables involved in the diagnosis and treatment of fatigue, including those related to irritable bowel syndrome. Ordering this panel provides substantial cost savings when compared to ordering each test separately. The panel is useful for men and women. TESTS INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL: TOTAL AND FREE TESTOSTERONE, THYROID FUNCTION: TSH, Free T3, Free T4, Thyroid Antibodies, HEMOGLOBIN A1c, Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test (includes white, red cells and platelets), Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), IRON, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity), FERRITIN, ADRENAL FUNCTION: Cortisol and DHEA-S, and further testing and medical consultation may be required to determine the cause of abnormal results.
The causes of fatigue are multifactorial and could involve imbalances in several hormones, including thyroid disorders. This panel includes most hormones and variables involved in the diagnosis and treatment of fatigue, including a comprehensive thyroid panel and physical examination to determine if your symptoms are connected to thyroid hormones or Hashimoto’s disease. Additionally, several hormone tests will be measured to assess for imbalances or thyroid dysfunction. Ordering this fatigue panel provides substantial cost savings when compared to ordering each test separately. The panel is useful for men and women in their journey towards achieving optimal wellness and understanding their test results. An A1c level, a full blood count (CBC) that checks for white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), iron, tiBC (total iron binding capacity), ferritin, and adrenal function tests (cortisol and DHEA-S) are some of the tests that can be done. Practitioners frequently use these tests to establish a baseline for their patients' overall health and to aid in the management of underlying conditions that might be causing fatigue.
This is the lowest-cost fatigue exploration panel offered anywhere.
The causes of fatigue are multifactorial and could involve imbalances in several hormones. This panel, which includes most hormones and variables involved in the diagnosis and treatment of fatigue, provides substantial cost savings when compared to ordering each test separately. The panel is useful for men and women. We suggest that you also talk to your physician about getting an order for a sleep study to determine if you have sleep apnea. Additionally, be sure to download the corresponding lab order that you’ll need for testing and find the location near you for your blood and/or urine test.
Feeling tired and low on energy? Fatigue can be more than just a lack of sleep; it's often a sign of underlying health issues. Discounted Labs offers an extensive panel of tests specifically designed to uncover the hidden causes of extreme tiredness and fatigue, including the option of supplements to boost energy levels. With easy online ordering and no doctor visits required, understanding your health has never been more convenient.
Are Low Testosterone Levels Draining Your Energy?
Could Your Thyroid Be Slowing You Down?
Hypothyroidism is a prevalent condition that can cause fatigue, yet it is often ignored or misdiagnosed. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and energy levels in the body. When the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, it can lead to a feeling of constant tiredness and exhaustion. Other symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight gain, dry skin, and hair loss. Therefore, if you are experiencing persistent fatigue, it is essential to get your thyroid levels checked by a healthcare professional.
Our panel includes comprehensive thyroid tests:
Is Your Blood Sugar Affecting Your Energy?
The A1c test is a straightforward method of assessing your glucose control. It measures the average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months and provides an overall picture of how well your diabetes management plan is working. The results of the A1c test can help you and your doctor adjust your treatment plan and make lifestyle modifications as necessary. Regular monitoring with this test is recommended to keep your diabetes under control and prevent complications.
Could Anemia or Infection Be Causing Your Fatigue?
Our complete blood count (CBC) panel provides a detailed picture:
Iron Deficiency: A Common but Overlooked Cause of Fatigue
Is your body's stress response contributing to fatigue?
Not included but worth considering as a separate add-on to your shopping cart: Vitamin D and Vitamin B-12.
NOTE: If you are taking biotin, please stop it 72 hours before the blood draw since it may interfere with hormone blood tests.
Add-ons for post-menopausal women: estrogen and progesterone. Low estrogen levels, often found in menopause, often result in insomnia and night sweats. Diminished estrogen also causes irritability and mood swings in women, which furthers exhaustion. Too little progesterone is also linked to fatigue in women.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THIS PANEL: FATIGUED? : BUY THESE BLOOD TESTS TO FIND OUT WHY
Feeling fatigued is one of the most prevalent symptoms people experience daily. This is not a problem if you just worked out hard or didn't sleep well for days. Excessive or chronic fatigue is a real thing, and it can have serious underlying causes.
This is when blood tests for fatigue come into play. It's possible to test a blood sample and find out why you're feeling constantly tired, even after a good night's sleep. Please keep reading to learn more about fatigue, what conditions it might hide, and how blood tests, like the Fatigue Panel Blood Test, could help you investigate your chronic fatigue symptoms in daily life.
The symptom of fatigue itself is something, but chronic fatigue is more complicated and may have additional symptoms. For example, many people feel tired without doing hard physical work. Others feel tired every day for weeks or even months on end.
It is challenging to participate in daily activities when suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which also causes a lack of energy and motivation. You aren't in the mood for anything, whether it's about going to work, spending time with your friends, or working out. If you cannot think of a potential reason for your chronic fatigue, chances are that it might have underlying causes related to disease control, making it crucial to seek a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. This information will greatly help your healthcare provider with the diagnostic process. Additionally, individuals with CFS may experience orthostatic intolerance, which can lead to dizziness upon standing due to blood pressure irregularities. Those who have CFS sleep poorly and awake unrefreshed. They frequently have headaches, muscle and joint pain, sore throats, problems concentrating and remembering things, and worsen with physical exertion.
Lifestyle choices, medical conditions, or excessive physical activity are frequently the causes of chronic fatigue. If you haven't worked out hard recently, chances are that the other two aspects might cause your tiredness.
For example, excessive drinking and smoking can make you feel tired. Not eating a balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and lean meats can also make you feel fatigued. Lastly, not getting at least 7 hours of sleep every night might be the culprit for your constant tiredness.
If you sleep enough, don't smoke cigarettes, and eat a healthy diet but still feel fatigued, chances are that some underlying conditions are causing the problem. Certain medical conditions can leave you tired and lethargic all day.
For example, fibromyalgia is known for causing constant fatigue and mild pain in most muscles and joints of the body. The condition is rare, but it has no real cause and can decrease the quality of your life. It's possible to treat it using a particular medication and therapy, but you need to get a positive diagnosis for it first.
Arthritis is also known to cause excessive tiredness. This condition affects joints, tendons, and ligaments. It makes you feel lethargic and confused most of the time. Arthritis is common among seniors, but younger people can have it too.
Autoimmune disorders can also cause excessive fatigue. These are conditions that make the body fight itself. For example, celiac disease and lupus are prevalent autoimmune disorders that affect millions of people worldwide.
Your body spends a lot of energy fighting its own cells and tissues if you have an autoimmune disorder. Not only can this do severe damage, but you also have no energy left for anything else.
Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and liver disease, also cause fatigue. That's because the insulin your body produces is no longer able to unlock cells to absorb glucose from the blood. As a result, you're left with a lot of sugar in the blood and none in cells where it's supposed to be to give you energy. Anemia can also contribute to fatigue, as it is a condition characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells, or hemoglobin. One common nutritional cause of anemia is a deficiency in folate (vitamin B9). Additionally, shift work can also lead to fatigue, as extended periods of working during non-traditional hours can disrupt sleep patterns and result in decreased energy levels. Boredom and diminished motivation can also play a role in physiologic fatigue, as they can lead to decreased physical and mental activity, resulting in feelings of tiredness and lethargy. In cases where there is a suspicion of a serious underlying condition, further tests and referral to a specialist may be needed for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Finally, various types of cancer can also leave you without energy. That's because cells use this energy for abnormal mutations that can seriously threaten your health and life. Some cancers don't produce symptoms, and that's why you should run a blood test for fatigue as soon as possible.
The problem with chronic fatigue is that it can have multiple causes. It's not easy to identify the exact reason you feel tired. For example, some people might live under constant stress, and their cortisol levels are very high regularly. This could cause excessive tiredness in the long run.
You might feel tired because you also have an underactive thyroid gland. The hormones produced by the thyroid are responsible for your body's metabolism and energy production. If the thyroid is not producing enough hormones, you might lack energy and feel tired most of the time.
Some people feel fatigued because they also have too much or too little sugar in their bloodstream. Glucose is also known as blood sugar, and it's a vital energy source. If your body cannot metabolize glucose properly, you might feel lethargic every day.
Another helpful test for fatigue is a complete blood count test panel. This type of test looks at your red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and other useful parameters related to your blood. If you don't have enough red blood cells, this could cause anemia, which means you'll feel tired.
You might also want to take a testosterone test if you feel tired and it's not related to the aforementioned factors. This vital hormone controls your energy level, cognition, and mood. If you have less testosterone than normal, you might experience chronic fatigue.
As you can see, there are a lot of tests that can be used to determine the cause of your tiredness. Your doctor might run these tests individually, or you can order a comprehensive panel of tests that looks at all these aspects at once.
By doing so, you will know for sure that the root cause of your tiredness will be discovered and diagnosed accurately. The comprehensive panel is highly recommended for people who have struggled with chronic fatigue for months or even years.
It's not fair to struggle with constant tiredness every day. Not only does it decrease the quality of your life, but it also reduces your productivity and makes you feel bad about yourself. You should order a fatigue blood test from your GP to see exactly why you're dealing with this problem. Empower yourself with knowledge! With Discounted Labs, getting tested is straightforward, affordable, and accessible in several U.S. states. No doctor visit is required, and you'll receive clear, easy-to-understand results. Take the first step towards a more energetic life today!
By carrying out various tests to determine the underlying causes of patients' fatigue, fatigue labs can assist in diagnosing medical conditions. These labs may perform blood tests to check for anemia, thyroid function, infections, or other abnormalities that could be contributing to the fatigue. Additionally, they may conduct sleep studies to assess for conditions like sleep apnea or insomnia that can impact energy levels. By analyzing the results of these tests and working closely with healthcare providers, fatigue labs play a crucial role in identifying and addressing medical conditions that may be causing fatigue in individuals.
When experiencing symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and anxiety, it's important to consider ordering labs that can help identify potential underlying causes. Some common lab tests that may be ordered in this case include:
1. Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test provides information about the types and numbers of cells in your blood, which can help detect conditions like anemia or infections.
2. Thyroid Function Tests: These tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones in your blood and can help diagnose thyroid disorders that may contribute to these symptoms.
3. Vitamin D Levels: Low vitamin D levels have been associated with fatigue and mood disorders, so checking your vitamin D levels may be beneficial.
4. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): This test evaluates various aspects of your overall health, including kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte levels.
5. Adrenal Function Tests: Cortisol levels and adrenal function tests can provide insights into how well your adrenal glands are functioning and if they are contributing to your symptoms.
It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate lab tests based on your specific symptoms and medical history.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a hormone that plays a key role in the development of male characteristics in people assigned male at birth (AMAB) [1]. DHT is an androgen hormone that stimulates the growth of facial, body, and pubic hair, as well as the growth of the penis, scrotum, and prostate during puberty in AMAB individuals [3]. It is derived from testosterone, which is present in both men and women [4].
However, DHT can also contribute to male pattern hair loss as it is thought to cause hair follicles to miniaturize [2]
DHT also plays a crucial role in men's overall health. It is necessary for an energetic and athletic body and is a vital component of a healthy hormone profile [8]. In fact, DHT is an effective mood booster and can have neurological effects that last longer than those of testosterone [6]. However, abnormal levels of DHT and other androgens can lead to various health problems, such as low libido, erectile dysfunction, and prostate issues [9].
Overall, DHT is a hormone that is essential for the development of male characteristics during puberty and for maintaining men's overall health. While it is important for various bodily functions, abnormal levels of DHT can lead to health problems, and treatments such as finasteride can help regulate DHT levels [5].
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is synthesized from testosterone in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by 5-alpha reductase. Dihydrotestosterone exerts its action similar to testosterone, which binds to and activates androgen receptors. Dihydrotestosterone is responsible for the formation of male primary sex characteristics and most male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as muscular growth, facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
This test is performed with the sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assay that has no interference with supplements like biotin used in hair growth.
With the exception of estradiol, no hormone is more misunderstood than dihydrotestosterone, DHT. In fact, many men actually fear DHT, going out of their way to lower it and frustrate its biological activity. However, DHT is actually a critical hormone, one that men need for sexual and prostate health, cognitive function, skeletal strength – and many other reasons. Like everything in life, there are downsides to DHT, but the upside of healthy DHT levels far outweighs the challenges it can present.
The principal hormone produced in men is, of course, testosterone. When testosterone is produced by the testicles (or injected/absorbed by a man on testosterone replacement) an enzyme, 5-alphareductase (5-AR) sets to work converting a portion of that testosterone to DHT. This conversion actually prevents some portion of testosterone from reaching the androgen receptors in the brain, genitals, skin, and other tissues. Initially, that may sound as if the body is being deprived of a needed hormone – testosterone. However, for the most part, this conversion is actually in a man’s best interest. DHT binds much more efficiently to androgen receptors, estimates vary, but it would seem that DHT is 300 to 500 percent more efficient at reaching and binding to the receptors, and is far more potent than testosterone. If tissues were deprived of DHT, if 5-AR hadn’t done its job, there would be dramatic physiological changes. While it is true that testosterone remains the primary, active androgen in muscle/muscle development, DHT is still critical for the full performance enhancing effects of testosterone. Specifically, the impact of DHT on the central nervous system which bring about increased neurological efficiency/strength.
To understand DHT’s androgenic properties, consider the following.
The DHT story is strongly, but not universally, positive. The drawbacks of DHT must be considered.
For men, DHT is clearly a friend, and an important one. However, like virtually every hormone in the body, the key to health is balance. If DHT levels drop too far, men open themselves to low libido.
DHT is not likely to be tested in most men undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. Some clinicians fail to recognize the importance of DHT for men’s health and libido, and so they fail to monitor it. It’s entirely possible, even likely, that some men are not obtaining the maximum benefits of testosterone replacement because, unbeknownst to them, their DHT levels are not optimal.
There are natural ways to boost DHT levels if one is not on a testosterone replacement protocol. Here are a few things that can be done.
Exercise more, particularly resistance training and high-intensity training.
Increase your intake of caffeine, creatine, or green tea supplements.
Boost the amount of zinc in your diet, either via the food you’re eating or via a supplement.
Take a DHEA supplement if your DHEA blood level is low. Get a DHEA blood test
Lose weight.
Optimize your testosterone blood level if low.
Last but not least, use a scrotal testosterone cream. Applying compounded (alcohol free) testosterone cream to the testicular skin has been shown to increase DHT considerably.
It should be clear that the vast majority of men have no reason to suppress their DHT levels. However, Propecia is still prescribed regularly for men anxious about losing their hair. As was noted, DHT blockers will stop or suppress the 5-AR activity that produces DHT. By stopping or slowing the work of 5-AR, male pattern baldness, one of the possible, negative side effects that DHT can produce, may be prevented or arrested. Unfortunately, there is evidence that some men who take this medication may risk lowering their libido and mood.
For reasons still not clearly understood, this medication can produce a syndrome in some men very similar to those symptoms associated with hypogonadism. Loss of libido, weak erections, malaise, and fatigue plague many men even after they have stopped the use of the drug. While it’s true that no one wants to lose their hair, no man wants to wind up with what has come to be known as post-finasteride syndrome.
With proper attention, DHT can be not only a friend, but an ally in the search for optimal health. Don’t fear it; accept it and have it work to your advantage.
References:
[1] "What is DHT (dihydrotestosterone)? DHT (dihydrotestosterone) is a hormone that plays a key role in the sexual development of people assigned male at birth (AMAB). More specifically, DHT is an androgen — a hormone that stimulates the development of male characteristics." URL: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24555-dht-dihydrotestosterone
[2] "DHT is an androgen and helps give males their male characteristics. DHT is thought to cause hair follicles to miniaturize, and this contributes to male pattern hair loss. By the age of 50 years ..." URL: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/68082
[3] "Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is an androgen, or male hormone, that promotes the growth of facial hair, body hair, and pubic hair during puberty in those assigned male at birth. It also plays a role in the growth of the penis, scrotum, and prostate. These effects are similar to those of testosterone." URL: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-dihydrotestosterone-4684657
[4] "DHT is derived from testosterone. Testosterone is a hormone that's present in both men and women. It and DHT are androgens, or hormones that contribute to male sex characteristics when you go..." URL: https://www.healthline.com/health/dht
[5] "Hair grows in 3 phases, and DHT interrupts the hair growth cycle (anagen stage). As a result of ..." URL: https://thebiohack.org/what-is-dht-and-its-role-in-hair-loss/
[6] "DHT is an effective mood booster, for the brain to function at its best, it relies on optimum levels of all the main sex hormones ( Testosterone, DHT and Estrogen). It has been shown that the neurological effect of DHT can last many times longer than that of Testosterone." URL: https://lowtestosteroneexpert.com/the-effects-of-dht/
[7] "What is DHT? Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a male sex hormone with powerful androgenic properties. It plays a crucial role during puberty and is largely responsible for the development of adult male characteristics. Things like: Deeper voice, Muscle development Body hair, etc. DHT is quite literally derived from testosterone." URL: https://androgenhacker.com/dht
[8] "DHT is a natural hormone scientifically known as dihydrotestosterone. In men, it is necessary for an energetic, athletic body and a vital component of a healthy hormone profile. The primary form of DHT production comes from the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase (5-AR) which forms DHT from testosterone within the testicles and prostate gland of men." URL: https://itestosterone.com/dht-hormone-benefits/
[9] "In this article, we explain what testosterone and DHT are and provide an overview of how these hormones are produced and regulated by the body. We also discuss the role of these androgens in men's health and what can go wrong when androgen levels are abnormal. Lastly, we review treatments for low testosterone." URL: https://xyonhealth.com/article/role-of-testosterone-and-dht-mens-health/
This panel includes important tests usually prescribed for anyone living with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. It includes A1c, CMP, Urinalysis, Insulin and Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)- 2 samples.
Diabetes is a group of diseases that result in blood sugar (glucose) levels that are too high.
Type 1 Diabetes is characterized by the body failing to produce insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by failing to produce enough insulin for proper function or by the body not reacting to insulin. Approximately 90 percent of diabetes cases are Type 2.
Gestational diabetes affects pregnant women. It occurs when their bodies have very high glucose levels and not enough insulin to transport it into cells. Often women with gestational diabetes have no symptoms, so testing is important if you are considered an at-risk patient.
The A1c test works by measuring the hemoglobin A1c level. Hemoglobin is stored in the red blood cells. When glucose levels are high, the sugar starts to combine with the hemoglobin. It takes the body 8 to 12 weeks to bring hemoglobin A1c levels back to normal. Therefore, if hemoglobin A1c levels are high, that means that there has been a high level of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months.
Let's go over the cmp blood tests :
The Serum Glucose test: Serum glucose levels may be high due to diabetes mellitus, strenuous exercise, increased epinephrine, pancreatic disease or an endocrine disorder. A high serum level may also be related to acute myocardial infarction or severe angina, chronic liver disease, or chronic renal disease.
The Uric Acid test: High uric acid levels may indicate gout, renal failure, leukemia, lymphoma, psoriasis, polycythemia, multiple myeloma, kidney disease, and or chronic lead nephropathy. Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, acromegaly, and liver disease.
The BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen, can be abnormal in kidney disease, dehydration, and heart failure, as well as malnutrition and liver disease.
The Serum Creatinine is a measure of kidney function. The BUN to Creatinine ratio can give information on the possible cause of the kidney dysfunction, say heart failure or dehydration or decreased kidney blood flow
The Serum Sodium can be increased in dehydration. The Serum Sodium can be decreased in diuretic therapy and in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone abbreviated, SIADH.
The Serum Potassium can be increased in adrenal insufficiency and acute renal failure, as well as with an inappropriate combination of medicines. Potassium could be decreased in primary aldosteronism, diuretic therapy, and renal tubular acidosis.
The Serum Chloride: High chloride levels may be attributed to dehydration, renal tubular acidosis, acute renal failure, diabetes insipidus, metabolic acidosis associated with prolonged diarrhea with loss of nahco3, respiratory alkalosis, and some cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Low serum chloride levels may be due to excessive sweating, prolonged vomiting from any cause or gastric suction, persistent gastric secretion, salt-losing nephritis, aldosteronism, potassium depletion associated with alkalosis, respiratory acidosis
Carbon Dioxide: High levels may indicate respiratory acidosis caused by poor gas exchange or depression of respiratory center; generalized respiratory disease; metabolic acidosis (after severe vomiting in pyloric stenosis, hypokalemic states, or excessive alkali intake). Low levels may indicate compensated respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis in diabetes mellitus, renal glomerular or tubular failure, renal tubular acidosis and intestinal loss of alkali with coexisting increase in c1 and normal anion gap
Serum Calcium: High blood calcium levels may indicate primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, malignant disease with bone involvement (in particular metastatic carcinoma of the breast, lung, kidney, multiple myeloma, lymphomas, and leukemia), vitamin d intoxication, milk-alkali syndrome, Paget’s disease with immobilization, thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis or dehydration. Low levels of calcium may indicate hypoparathyroidism; vitamin d deficiency, chronic renal failure, magnesium deficiency, prolonged anticonvulsant therapy, acute pancreatitis, anterior pituitary hypofunction, hypoalbuminemia, or inadequate nutrition.
Serum Phosphorus can be increased in acute or chronic renal failure and decreased in malabsorption and vitamin D deficiency. Serum phosphorus concentrations have a circadian rhythm (highest level in late morning, lowest in evening) and are subject to rapid change secondary to environmental factors such as diet (carbohydrate), phosphate-binding antacids, and fluctuations in growth hormone, insulin, and renal function. High levels may indicate osteolytic metastatic bone tumors, myelogenous leukemia, milk-alkali syndrome, vitamin d intoxication, healing fractures, renal failure, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus with ketosis, acromegaly, portal cirrhosis, pulmonary embolism, lactic acidosis or respiratory acidosis.
The total Serum Protein can be increased in multiple myeloma and sarcoidosis, and it can be decreased in chronic glomerulonephritis, which is a type of chronic renal disease.
The Serum Albumin can be decreased in liver disease, cirrhosis, and in nephrotic syndrome. The total Globulin and the Albumin to Globulin ratio can be increased or decreased due to a number of causes.
The total Bilirubin can be increased in hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, and in blockage of the bile ducts, either the bile ducts within the liver or within the bile duct that drains the gallbladder and the liver. That's what we mean when we say cholestasis or biliary obstruction. The direct Bilirubin is increased in the same things as the total Bilirubin, but the ratio of direct to total gives us clues as to the causes. One of the most common causes of a mildly elevated total Bilirubin found on a routine CMP is a syndrome called Gilbert's disease. Although it's called a disease, it's common, and it doesn't cause any liver damage or any health damage.
The Alkaline Phosphatase can be increased in bone disease and liver disease and decreased in malnutrition and celiac disease.
The AST, and ALT are often called liver enzyme tests. They don't measure liver function, but rather give evidence of liver damage, but they can also be elevated in damage to other parts of the body. They can be increased in liver disease, muscle disease, pancreatitis, and excessive exercise.
The Urinalysis test panel screens for a variety of conditions including urinary bladder disease, kidney disease and diabetes. Tests included: Color, Appearance, Specific gravity, pH, Protein, Glucose, Occult blood, Ketones, Leukocyte esterase, Nitrite, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, and Microscopic examination of urine sediment.
About one-third of people with diabetes have problems with their kidneys. But early and tight control of your blood sugar and blood pressure, plus help from certain medications, can keep these organs working like they should. To check for problems, this test measures if protein is present in your urine, called microalbuminuria. It shows up when small amounts of albumin (the main protein in your blood) seep into your pee. Without treatment to slow the leak (usually blood pressure medications), your kidneys could be damaged and eventually fail.
Insulin is a substance produced by the pancreas to help stabilize blood sugar levels. This substance acts as a "key" that opens up the cells in your body, allowing them to absorb glucose and use it for energy production.
A typical insulin blood level between meals is 8–11 μIU/mL (57–79 pmol/L)
The glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance, impaired beta cell function, and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and acromegaly, or rarer disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In the most commonly performed version of the test, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a standard dose of glucose is ingested by mouth and blood levels are checked two hours later.
Fasting is required for the diabetes panel. You should not consume food or beverages other than water for at least 8 hours prior to visiting the lab. If you choose not to fast, it may affect your results.
The electrolyte panel includes: Carbon dioxide, chloride, potassium, and sodium
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help the body manage chemical reactions and maintain the balance between fluids. These substances are located in the fluid in and around the body's cells (intracellular and extracellular fluid). The human body is roughly 60% water, meaning almost every fluid and cell contain electrolytes. They also help the brain send signals to one's muscles, allowing them to move and contract. This is possible since many chemical elements can naturally hold a positive or negative charge. Once those elements are dissolved in liquid, it grants the fluid the ability to conduct electricity. The body then uses positively and negatively charged ions to transport critical chemical compounds in and out of cells. Electrolytes help control nerve and muscle activity, heart rhythm, and other vital functions. Without electrolytes, the body would not be able to maintain homeostasis. Severe disruptions in electrolyte levels can lead to neurological and cardiac complications, resulting in a medical emergency unless quickly resolved.
An Electrolyte Panel is a blood test designed to measure the body's primary electrolytes levels. They are frequently used in routine blood screenings to diagnose fluid imbalances. The test can also be referred to as an electrolyte blood test or serum electrolyte test. Several factors may cause an electrolyte imbalance
Some tests are designed to measure the levels of only one kind of electrolyte. Discounted Labs' Electrolyte Panel includes four out of the seven primary minerals:
Your healthcare provider may order an electrolyte panel for a number of reasons. They are commonly used in ordinary checkups to gauge overall health. They are also invaluable in monitoring kidney and liver function, checking heart functionality, monitoring glucose levels in diabetic patients, and diagnosing endocrine conditions. Electrolytes serve a host of essential bodily functions, including maintaining proper pH levels, allowing muscle contractions (including the heartbeat), forming new tissues, and assisting in blood clotting. As these functions are vital to a healthy body, an imbalance of electrolytes has the potential to result in serious medical complications. Imbalances are commonly caused by a significant loss in bodily fluids, such as sweating or vomiting. Some immediate symptoms of an electrolyte imbalance are cramps, dizziness, irregular heartbeat, and mental confusion. If these symptoms persist after replenishing fluids, it may be worth taking an electrolyte panel to pinpoint what minerals you are deficient in to begin treatment.
Some blood tests require you to fast for a predetermined time leading up to sample collection; however, this is not the case for electrolyte panels. There are no special preparations needed to take this test. Know that results will vary based on which electrolytes do not fall within the normal range. It is important to remember that just because certain electrolyte levels are too high or low does not mean one has a medical emergency requiring treatment. Certain medicines such as antacids or blood pressure medication can impact the results of an electrolyte panel. Often, the patient must replace fluids they've lost through diarrhea and/or vomiting.
Age, sex, and preexisting health factors can affect your test results. Electrolytes are measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L). The general normal ranges for each electrolyte are:
While abnormal results can be scary to receive, they are not an immediate cause for concern and can fluctuate regularly. Results are typically more beneficial when examining trends from multiple tests over time. This gives the patient a more comprehensive understanding of their electrolyte levels in the grand scheme of things, as opposed to a single data point. Depending on the result of the electrolyte panel, your healthcare provider may other tests known as "blood gas" and "anion gap" tests. The blood gap test measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acidity levels in the blood to locate the cause of an acid-base imbalance. The anion gap test measures the difference between the amount of positively and negatively charged electrolytes in the body. As electrolytes depend on a balance of positive and negative charges to transmit signals throughout the body, an anion gap that is too high or low could signify a more severe health problem.
Sources
Balcı, A. K., Koksal, O., Kose, A., Armagan, E., Ozdemir, F., Inal, T., & Oner, N. (2013). General characteristics of patients with electrolyte imbalance admitted to emergency department. World journal of emergency medicine, 4(2), 113.
Cabezas, A. C., & Rojas, Y. C. (2006). ELECTROLYTE PANEL TESTS: AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR REGISTRATION AND CONSULTATION.
Costill, D. L., Cote, R., & Fink, W. (1976). Muscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in man. Journal of Applied Physiology, 40(1), 6-11.
Maughan, R. J. (1991). Fluid and electrolyte loss and replacement in exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 9(S1), 117-142
Wathen, J. E., MacKenzie, T., & Bothner, J. P. (2004). Usefulness of the serum electrolyte panel in the management of pediatric dehydration treated with intravenously administered fluids. Pediatrics, 114(5), 1227-1234.
This is Discounted Labs most comprehensive blood test panel for men. It includes:
· Testosterone, Total and Free LC/MS (no upper limit) (involved in libido, stamina, lean mass, cognitive function, etc. )
· Ultra Sensitive Estradiol (involved in libido, bone density, lipids, and high levels linked to gynecomastia)
· IGF-1 (insulin growth factor) (a metabolite of growth hormone)
· Prolactin (involved in low testosterone, low libido, erectile dysfunction)
· DHT (dihydrotestosterone- involved in libido, acne and hair loss. Low levels have been linked to gynecomastia)
· DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) (involved in stamina, cognitive function, etc.)
· PSA (prostate specific antigen) (a marker of prostatitis or prostate cancer)
· SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) (a strong binder that limits sex hormones)
· Lipids (LDL, HDL, and triglycerides) (involved in heart disease) FASTING REQUIRED
· CBC (complete blood count including hematocrit)
· CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel including kidney and liver function)
· Thyroid Function (involved in stamina, fat, cognitive function, libido, ED, etc.):
o TSH
o Free T3
o Free T4
Are you looking for a unique, all-in-one solution to measure the hormone levels in your body? If the answer is yes, then the Elite Male Blood Test Panel might be exactly what you need!
This panel is specially designed to measure virtually all important hormones in a man’s body, leaving nothing out, so you don’t have to buy additional panels.
The Elite Male Blood Test Panel tests everything from testosterone levels, IGF-1, DHEA-sulfate, hematocrit, estradiol, prolactin and more.
Besides having the possibility to measure the most important hormones in your body using a single blood sample, this comprehensive panel also comes with other benefits such as:
1. Save time and effort – you don’t have to spend money on other panels or look for specific panels separately
2. Confidential and secure – order the panel online, visit a nearby lab to draw blood and get your results in a couple of business days
3. Know if you’re predisposed to certain illnesses – doing periodic checkups is highly recommended as these tests can identify potential predispositions to various diseases. For example, if you have high fasting glucose levels, you might be more prone to develop type 2 diabetes in the future, and you can prevent that with the right treatment
4. Best bang for your buck – the market offers this panel for at least $800 on average. At DiscountedLabs.com, you can have it at a much lower price
5. Have more peace of mind – your health is more important than anything! By getting this tests panel, you know you have done everything to improve your health and wellbeing
As mentioned earlier, this comprehensive panel can measure all the important hormones in your body, helping you find out in which ones there might be a deficiency.
For example, this panel tests the total and free testosterone levels, estradiol, thyroid hormones, metabolic hormones such as triglycerides, red blood cells, white blood cells, etc.
Let’s take a closer look at each of these hormones and substances to find out how they can influence the male body.
One of the most important hormones in a man's body is, of course, testosterone. The Elite Male Blood Test Panel looks at the total and free testosterone levels to determine if deficiencies are present.
The normal testosterone level in men is between 350ng/dL and 1,000ng/dL. Testosterone primarily influences muscle development, sexual desire, mood, motivation, and brain function.
Low testosterone levels don’t only negatively impact one’s sexual desire and motivation, but they also have a strong influence in other areas of life.
It has been determined that testosterone can have anti-depressant qualities and it can improve spatial awareness. Low testosterone can also be closely linked to feelings of anxiety and low coping skills.
If low testosterone levels are discovered in men, this can be corrected with treatments such as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Testosterone can be applied as gels, creams, pellets or injections.
Other methods to increase testosterone levels include:
This comprehensive panel also performs includes an ultrasensitive estradiol test. This type of test is more thorough than the regular estradiol test and tries to determine the levels of this sex hormone more accurately.
Estradiol is a female sex hormone present in small quantities in a man’s body. If the quantity of this hormone is too little, the man might experience drops in libido and bone density. If it is in higher-than-normal quantities, estradiol can cause gynecomastia (man boobs), among other problems.
For example, one of the most popular consequences of having too much estradiol in the body (in the presence of low testosterone levels) consists of an increased likelihood to develop erectile dysfunction.
One of the best ways to normalize estrogen (including estradiol) levels is by eating more quality foods such as cruciferous vegetables. Some of these veggies include spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and others. Losing body fat, decreasing TRT dose, splitting TRT injections in smaller more frequent doses, and low dose aromatase inhibitors may also help to normalize high estradiol in men.
IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1) is a protein with a major influence on human health and wellness. This is a metabolite of growth hormone, and it is vital during childhood for proper development of muscles, bones, organs, and tissues.
The insulin-like growth factor hormone is also paramount during adulthood. Optimal levels of IGF-1 can decrease inflammation and increase the number of antioxidants in the body which in turn can increase longevity.
Low levels of IGF-1 have been associated with endothelial dysfunction which might lead to cardiovascular diseases.
The good news is that increasing IGF-1 can be done relatively easy by engaging in frequent exercise routines, getting high-quality sleep, and by practicing intermittent fasting.
Intermittent fasting, in particular, can have multiple other positive effects on the body, besides enhancing IGF-1 levels.
Prolactin is another important hormone tested by the Elite Male Blood Test Panel. This protein is produced by the pituitary gland as well as spleen and thymus.
It is involved in over 300 body processes, and it can be correlated with low testosterone, low libido, and erectile dysfunction in men if it is present in abnormal quantities in the body.
For example, a high secretion of prolactin can impair the normal functioning of the testicles which means that the reproductive system is affected.
Things that Can Increase Prolactin Levels
Prolactin is essential in the body of a man, but only in normal quantities. Elevated prolactin levels can be problematic, and they are usually caused by certain medications as well as pituitary gland tumors. You can decrease prolactin with medications called ergot derivatives.
DHT (dihydrotestosterone) is produced in the liver, brain, seminal vesicles, hair, and other organs. The enzyme 5α-reductase triggers the production of DHT from testosterone.
DHT plays a vital role in the development of secondary male sexual characteristics such as pubic and facial hair growth. During puberty, it significantly influences the maturation of the penis, and in adulthood, it is closely linked to a man’s overall sex drive and libido. Low levels of DHT can also lead to the development of gynecomastia.
A high concentration of DHT might kickstart the development of androgenetic alopecia which is a condition that manifests through excessive hair loss. It has been discovered that the hair follicles of people who have androgenetic alopecia are more sensitive to DHT and they react differently.
There are several dietary adjustments you can make to normalize the levels of DHT in your body. For example, you can:
· Eat a lot of tomatoes which are naturally rich in lycopene which is a known DHT blocker and will reduce its levels
· Drink more green tea – this beverage has a high level of antioxidants which will normalize DHT levels fairly quickly
· Eat almonds and nuts – these snacks contain zinc and L-lysine which are known for reducing the levels of DHT in both men and women
· Take supplements such as pumpkin seed oil or palmetto pills
· Drink less coffee – a cup of coffee a day is not a problem, but drinking 2-3 or more cups can increase DHT levels
· Creatine supplements have also been shown to increase DHT blood levels
· For men with low DHT blood levels, some physicians prescribe a scrotal testosterone cream that are applied to the scrotum. This area produces more DHT than regular skin.
DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate)is the most abundant steroid in the human body. It is produced by the adrenal glands which are situated just above the kidney.
This steroid has a great influence on brain function and stamina. If the DHEA-S levels are insufficient, this can indicate a problem with the adrenal or pituitary glands. Physicians recommend DHEA supplements for people with low DHEA levels in the blood.
PSA (prostate specific antigen) is a marker of prostate health and very important to test in men of all ages. This enzyme is produced in the prostate gland and allows the sperm to swim freely and enter the uterus during unprotected intercourse with a female partner.
Men with healthy prostates have small quantities of PSA, but abnormally elevated PSA levels might indicate prostate cancer or prostate infections.
SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) is capable of influencing the bioavailability of sex hormones such as testosterone and estradiol.
If the SHBG levels in men are too high, the free testosterone levels that circulate in the bloodstream will be lower, and this can lead to androgen deficiency.
The Elite Male Blood Test Panel also runs lipid tests to determine the amount of HDL (good cholesterol), LDL (bad cholesterol), and triglycerides in the body.
Cholesterol is paramount for the creation of cells, but if it is present in abnormal quantities in the bloodstream, this can lead to cardiovascular diseases.
There are a couple of quick dietary changes you can make to ensure that your triglyceride levels drop to normal levels. For example:
· Make sure that you minimize sugar intake – get your sugar from fruits instead of cookies, candies, donuts, pies, ice cream or other refined sugar sources
· Eat fatty fish one or two times per week – salmon and mackerel are considered to be fatty fish
· Avoid trans fats altogether – these can be found in margarine as well as other refined carbs
CBC (complete blood count) is also measured as part of this panel, including hematocrit which means the volume of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
Several elements are measured in a CBC test such as the amount of red blood cells (which are vital for carrying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs), white blood cells (responsible with neutralizing viruses and bacteria), RDW (red blood cell distribution), MCV (mean corpuscular volume), and others.
A high MCV count can indicate several health problems such as liver disease, a vitamin B12 deficiency or hypothyroidism.
Blood platelets are also measured during a CBC test. These cells play an important role in blood clotting. Men who have low platelet levels might be at risk of excessive bruising or bleeding as a result of an injury.
CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel) looks at a range of metabolic variables which impact the liver and the kidneys.
For example, the albumin levels are measured to determine if there is a sign of liver damage. Sodium and potassium are two important electrolytes which are measured to determine if there is a proper water balance in the body.
Some of the variables measured by the CMP panel include:
· Glucose
· Calcium levels
· Sodium
· Potassium
· Chloride
· CO2
· Albumin
· Total protein
· Blood urea nitrogen
· Creatinine and eGFR
· Bilirubin
· ALP, ALT, and AST (liver tests)
Glucose is the body's main energy source. It is also known as blood sugar content. When the glucose level is too high, this might indicate a predisposition to type 2 diabetes which is a life-threatening disease.
Imprving glucose blood levels can be done relatively easy, but one should be consistent to reach normal glucose levels. For example:
· Avoid refined flour – stay away from most bread, pasta, and anything containing refined flour
· Avoid high-fructose corn syrup – this type of sugar can significantly enhance blood glucose levels
· Reduce alcohol consumption – many alcoholic drinks are sweetened, or they are consumed in combination with sweetened drinks such as Red Bull. Drink less alcohol, and you’ll be fine
Calcium is important for bone density and teeth health. Low levels of calcium in the body, especially in aging men, can indicate a predisposition to osteoporosis and other bone ailments.
On the other hand, too much calcium in the bloodstream can lead to hypercalcemia, which can be caused by overly active parathyroid glands, among other causes.
Hypercalcemia can lead to muscle fatigue, excessive urination, and osteoporosis. Lowering calcium levels can be done by drinking plenty of water and by doing strength training, which helps improve bone density. If high parathyroid hormone is the cause, your doctor will prescribe medications to normalize it.
Chloride and CO2 (carbon dioxide) help to maintain the proper acid-base balance in the body. Very acidic blood circulating through the body might indicate respiratory problems (the lungs aren't able to properly eliminate CO2), alcohol overuse as well as nervous system issues.
Sodium and potassium are two important electrolytes which help to maintain proper water balance in the body. They also sustain correct muscle function and regulate other processes.
Too much potassium can be a sign of kidneys problems since these organs strive to eliminate excessive potassium from the bloodstream. Too much sodium can also make the blood too acidic which leads to numerous other health problems
However, some people don’t have enough potassium in their bodies, but this can be usually corrected through diet.
Try eating potassium-rich foods such as beans, non-fat yogurts, leafy greens, and sweet potatoes. If you love fruit, oranges and bananas are high in potassium too.
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver, and it plays a vital role in muscle strength. Studies show that low albumin levels can be independently associated with a progressive decline in muscle strength in both men and women.
On top of albumin, the Elite Male Blood Test Panel also measures the total levels of serum proteins in the body. This blood test variable can be an important indicator of muscle health since protein is the building block of muscle tissue.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an indicator of kidney or liver disease. Urea is produced as a result of metabolizing proteins and breaking them down into amino acids. This process generates ammonia which is then converted to a less toxic substance called urea.
Urea and nitrogen are both parts of the ammonia and can be used together – urea nitrogen. If the levels of urea nitrogen in the bloodstream are high, this can indicate serious liver damage or a kidney issue.
Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine which is an essential hormone for producing muscle energy. Approximately 2% of creatine is transformed into creatinine on a regular basis.
Normal creatinine levels are between 0.6mg/dL and 1.2mg/dL. The job of the kidney is to filter out the circulating creatinine and dispose of it safely. If the creatinine levels are elevated, this might indicate kidney disease. A creatinine level of approximately 5mg/dL indicatessevere kidney problems.
Bilirubin is another waste product created by the liver as a result of recycling red blood cells. High levels of bilirubin can indicate liver damage because the liver is not capable of eliminating it completely.
Symptoms of high bilirubin include the yellowing of skin and eyes, a condition called jaundice.
The ALP, ALT, and AST are enzymes found primarily in the liver. High levels of some of these enzymes might indicate liver damage.
There are three important hormones measured by the thyroid test – TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), T3, and T4. The TSH is produced by the pituitary gland while the other two are produced by the thyroid gland itself.
These hormones regulate multiple body processes and are directly involved in numerous metabolic functions. Improper thyroid hormone levels might result in fatigue, erectile dysfunction, low libido, and more.
For example, the normal TSH levels are between 0.4 and 4.9 mU/L, and they can be influenced by various factors such as stress, diet, medication, exercise level, etc. Some physicians use a TSH level of 2.5 as a cut off to further investigate potential hypothyroidism.
Low TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism. High TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism. Both these conditions can be treated with the correct medication, but it is important to quantify the TSH levels first.
Similarly, low free T3 levels might indicate hypothyroidism or other significant ailments which might require hospitalization. Low free T4 levels in combination with low TSH levels might indicate that there is a problem with the pituitary gland.
Keep in mind that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The Elite Male Blood Test Panel provides everything you need to do a complete health checkup and determine if there are hormonal deficiencies in your body.
The next thing to do is to:
1. Order the panel online
2. Wait for your appointment at a nearby lab
3. Draw blood
4. Wait for your results – usually; you'll have them in a couple of business days
5. Visit a professional healthcare provider who will interpret the results for you and make appropriate recommendations
6. Put those recommendations into practice – this might mean following certain treatments to reduce/increase hormone levels, etc
7. Enjoy your new and healthier life!
The Elite Male Blood Test Panel strives to bring you the most important hormonal tests that you need to learn valuable information when it comes to your health.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
ED Panel Includes Main Hormones Involved with Erectile Function:
This Erectile Dysfunction (ED) test panel is designed to measure hormones that can significantly impact erectile function. Research has shown strong correlations between hormone imbalances and ED, making these tests crucial for assessing and addressing potential causes of ED. Let's delve into each hormone and its connection to ED, backed by scientific studies:
By analyzing these hormone levels, the ED test panel aims to provide valuable insights into potential hormone-related causes of erectile dysfunction, enabling targeted interventions and improving overall sexual health.
Erectile dysfunction (also known more commonly as impotence or sexual dysfunction) is the inability to maintain a sufficiently rigid erection for a satisfying sexual experience.
According to the Global Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors, erectile dysfunction affects approximately 5-28% of men aged 40–80 years. The study was done on adults from 29 different countries.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition where a man experiences difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection during sexual intercourse. It affects approximately 5-28% of men aged 40–80 years, according to the Global Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Medication, endocrine disorders, neurogenic disorders, vasculogenic disorders, psychogenic factors, and other underlying conditions, such as heart disease, can all be causes of ED. It is crucial to remember that a healthcare professional can diagnose ED after conducting a thorough examination and asking the patient about their medical history. The healthcare professional may also use specialized tests to further evaluate the condition. Seeking medical advice and discussing symptoms in English or any preferred language is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
To diagnose ED, doctors may use questionnaires or lab testing. Before treating ED, doctors assess the health of the cardiovascular system to determine if it is healthy enough for sexual activity. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and exercising regularly, can also help manage ED.
This type of health problem can have multiple causes and the most common ones are:
It is worth mentioning that unhealthy habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise can drastically increase the likelihood of developing impotence for men of all ages.
Before treating ED, doctors first assess the health of the cardiovascular system (heart, veins, and arteries) to determine if it is healthy enough for proper sexual activity. A high cardiac risk might indicate that the patient needs treatment for a heart condition first, before receiving treatment for erectile dysfunction.
Impotence or sexual dysfunction is treated in small steps and it begins by changing lifestyle risk factors such as quitting smoking, lowering alcohol consumption, switching to a healthier diet, engaging in regular physical activities, etc.
The next step is to take advantage of first-line medical therapies such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is). These substances lead to increased smooth muscle tone and should be taken approximately 1 hour before sexual intercourse and up to 12 hours for T a d a l a f i l.
Men of all ages can use these PDE-5 inhibitors because they are well-known to be safe, with the exception of those who regularly take nitrates. Some people respond better to certain types of inhibitors, so trying more than just a single substance is recommended for achieving the desired results.
There are numerous types of vacuum erection devices on the market, and most of them generally consist of a cylinder that is placed on the penis and creates an airtight seal around the body, causing negative pressure and improving blood flow. A constriction band is placed at the base of the penis to maintain an erection and allow sexual intercourse after the cylinder is removed.
This type of treatment is considered second-line therapy for sexual dysfunction and is a non-invasive way of treating it. Manufacturers create VEDs of various sizes, and they ship them with instruction manuals to help patients use the cylinders properly to achieve an erection.
This treatment option consists of inserting small suppositories into the urethra to allow smooth muscle relaxation. The penis is massaged with both hands to allow the corpora cavernosa to absorb the medicine. One of the most common side effects of this treatment option is penile pain, but it can be a practical treatment option for certain people. The first intraurethral suppository might be administered under medical supervision to prevent unwanted injuries to the shaft. During an injection test, a health care professional may administer the injection directly into the penis or insert the medicine into the urethra instead.
Patients who suffer from erectile dysfunction might also want to try intracavernosal injections which are formulated with a special substance that inhibits vasoconstriction. This allows the patient to achieve a satisfying erection and this method is considered to be one of the safest and most common treatment options for ED.
The first injection is done under medical supervision to avoid damaging important areas of the penis such as the urethra or penile nerves. Once the patients get over the anxiety of having needles into their penis, they can learn how to administer injections on their own.
Bimix, Trimix, and Quadmix injections are good examples of intracavernosal injections for achieving hard erections. They are available by prescription from different pharmacies.
The third-line therapy for ED consists of penile implant surgery which means inserting non-inflatable implants into the penis.
There are 2-piece and 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis which can be inserted into the penis. A small pump is inserted into the scrotum and helps to inflate the implants when an erection is required. Although there is the possibility of developing infections, penile implant surgery is a popular treatment for erectile dysfunction and it can be more cost-effective in the long run.
Although erectile dysfunction is still a taboo subject for some people, this medical condition has been heavily researched, and one of the best and easiest ways to diagnose ED is by using blood tests to detect hormone imbalances. A doctor, such as a urologist, diagnoses erectile dysfunction (ED) with a medical and sexual history, and a mental health and physical exam. Only a urologist can provide an official diagnosis and what the possible reasons for a patient’s erectile dysfunction could be. You may find it difficult to talk with a health care professional about ED. However, remember that a healthy sex life is part of a healthy life. The more your doctor knows about you, the more likely he or she can help treat your hormonal problems. Multiple treatment options have been created to help patients achieve sexual satisfaction. Ultrasound, sometimes called Doppler ultrasound, is another diagnostic tool that can be used to check blood flow to the penis. It uses sound waves to create a video of your blood vessels so your doctor can look at blood flow.
Patients who are not happy with their sexual performance in bed should make the first and most important step and visit a doctor to get more information about ED, getting adequate physical examination as well as treatment. If it looks more likely that a mental or emotional issue is the source of the problem, your doctor will ask you standard questions about your mental well-being, including how often you find sexual intercourse satisfying, how you would rate your level of sexual desire, and how often you’re able to climax, or orgasm, and ejaculate. Luckily, medical improvements are made each year and treatment strategies are refined and enhanced, so treating impotence is increasingly safer and easier these days!
DiscountedLabs.com offers affordable blood tests you can order online in the United States without the need of a doctor's visit. We have no hidden fees and have an easy ordering process.
This panel includes the two gold standard tests for estradiol ultrasensitive and testosterone (Total and Free) that use liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry for the best accuracy with no interactions. No limits on blood levels.
This panel includes total testosterone measured by the most accurate method and gold standard test (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry), free testosterone percent by equilibrium dialysis, and free testosterone calculated from percent free T. This test is more accurate for low and high testosterone blood levels (men who expect high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL , women, and children who usually have low T levels). It has no interference with supplements or anabolics. Note: Results may take 5-7 business days.
This ultrasensitive estradiol test is recommended for men. The commonly used estradiol test may overestimate estradiol in men. That test uses immunoassay technology that cannot differentiate C-Reactive Protein (involved in inflammation) from estradiol, so it reads the combination of the two as estradiol. This ultrasensitive estradiol test is based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an assay technology that does not have that limitation.
Important note: The blood sample is sent out to Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano, Caifornia. Overnight delivery and testing are performed on Sunday and Friday. Reports are available within 5-7 business days from the time the specimen is collected.
This panel contains:
Glucose and insulin can be used to calculate HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance)
Are you aspiring to start a family? Our Women's Fertility Panel is here to support your journey towards motherhood. This comprehensive panel, meticulously designed for women, assesses key hormones critical for conception. With tests including LH, FSH, Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), estradiol, progesterone, TSH, and testosterone, you gain valuable insights into your reproductive health.
By choosing our Women's Fertility Panel, you empower yourself with knowledge. Discover your hormonal balance and take proactive steps towards your dream of becoming a parent. Our advanced testing methods, including liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, ensure accuracy and reliability.
Don't let uncertainty hold you back. Get started today with our Women's Fertility Panel and embark on your path to motherhood. Take control of your fertility journey, one hormone at a time.
It's impossible to say how long it takes to get pregnant because it's different for each woman.
Many factors can affect a couple's chances of conceiving, such as:
Some women become pregnant quickly, while others take longer. This may be upsetting, but it's normal.
Most couples (about 84 out of every 100) will get pregnant within a year if they have regular sex and don't use contraception.
But women become less fertile as they get older. One study found that among couples having regular unprotected sex:
The effect of age on men's fertility is less clear.
If you’re a woman who is 35 years old or younger and has been unable to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse, or after six months if you’re over 35, you and your partner should have a full physical and medical evaluation with a Reproductive Endocrinologist.
Several blood tests are available to determine if you, your partner, or both of you have a problem that is causing infertility.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) helps control a woman’s menstrual cycle and the growth of follicles, which contain eggs, in the ovaries. The FSH test is done on the second or third day of your menstrual cycle and is used to evaluate egg supply and ovarian function.
In men, FSH regulates the production and transportation of sperm. The test is used to determine the sperm count.
Estradiol is an important form of estrogen. An estradiol test is used to measure your ovarian function and to evaluate the quality of your eggs. Like FSH, it is done on the second or third day of your menstrual cycle.
In women, luteinizing hormone (LH) is linked to ovarian hormone production and egg maturation. A luteinizing hormone test performed at the beginning of your cycle may help diagnose hormonal imbalances, like PCOS. When LH testing is performed midway through your menstrual cycle (day 14 of a 28-day cycle), the level may assist in determining when you’re ovulating.
In men, LH stimulates the hormone testosterone, which affects sperm production. An LH test may be useful in evaluating male-factor infertility.
AMH has quickly become the ‘gold standard’ in fertility blood tests. Up until a woman reaches menopause, the small antral follicles in the ovary secrete AMH. Performing an AMH test gives a physician a good understanding of your ovarian function and egg reserve. Lower AMH levels can predict a lower egg yield and, thus, a lower chance of success in patients undergoing IVF.
AMH can be tested at any point in your menstrual cycle, and can also be done if you’re taking oral contraception.
The ovaries produce progesterone, a female hormone, during ovulation. It prepares the endometrial lining of the uterus and makes it receptive to fertilized eggs. A serum progesterone test is used to determine if ovulation is occurring.
Since progesterone levels increase towards the end of a woman’s cycle, the test is done during the luteal phase of your menstrual cycle (just before your period starts).
The hormone prolactin is made by the pituitary gland and causes milk production.
In women, a prolactin test may be performed.
Affecting the sexual functioning of both men and women, testosterone is probably the most well-known androgen.
In women, a testosterone test is used in the evaluation of conditions, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
In men, an androgen test is used to find the cause of a low sex drive, the inability to get an erection, or infertility.
Thyroid hormones are critical in pregnancy. If the thyroid is overactive or underactive, this can affect ovulation regulation and reduce fertility. Many women suffer from thyroid dysfunction; around 25% of women suffer in their lifetime, which is around 4x more women than men. Graves disease is the most common thyroid dysfunction, affecting 1% of the population. These conditions are important for fertility because thyroid hormones are important in regulating ovulation, preventing miscarriage and aiding foetal brain development.
The term fibromyalgia came from the Latin word “fibro” (fibrosis tissue), and the Greek terms for “myo” (muscle) and “algia” (pain).
Fibromyalgia is a relatively common health problem that affects around 3-4% of people worldwide. It consists of consistent pain across the entire body and it's a disease that directly affects the nervous system.
Although the pain symptoms are obvious, it can be really difficult to diagnose this condition. That's because many other illnesses cause pain in various parts of the body. With that being said, a lot of progress has been made when it comes to diagnosing fibromyalgia.
Keep reading to learn more about this health issue, how to test for it, and what are your treatment options.
As mentioned earlier, fibromyalgia creates consistent muscular and joint pain. This type of pain is disturbing, but bearable according to most patients. The muscles of a person with fibromyalgia are sensitive to the touch. This can drastically reduce the quality and enjoyment of life in patients diagnosed with this condition.
Some of the most common symptoms of fibromyalgia include:
Most of these secondary symptoms are directly caused by the constant, silent pain that fibromyalgia patients feel every day. It can be really difficult to think, focus, and sleep when your body is aching all the time for no obvious reasons.
It's important to stress out that fibromyalgia causes pain across the entire body. This includes your shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, lower back, abdomen, chest, legs, and even the fingers of your limbs. The entire nervous system is affected and this is felt in the hundreds of muscles that make up the human body.
Body pain is usually associated with a host of other health problems, so diagnosing fibromyalgia is not a walk in the park. Doctors usually run a battery of blood tests to rule out other conditions. Here are a few tests used to diagnose fibromyalgia.
This test group looks at specific variables in your blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and more. This helps discover anemia or any infections that might cause you constant, whole-body pain.
TSH is a hormone produced by your pituitary. It tells your thyroid gland what hormones to secrete and in what quantity. Your thyroid gland is responsible for numerous metabolic processes. Damages to your thyroid can cause symptoms similar to fibromyalgia such as frequent pain throughout your entire body, fatigue, and so on.
The CMP checks the function of your liver, kidneys, and several other organs. It can detect any electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, and other types of health problems that might cause you symptoms similar to fibromyalgia.
Iron is one of the most important minerals in your body. Too little iron can cause anemia which is characterized by fatigue, lack of sleep, and minor muscle aches. At the same time, too much iron is also a bad thing, so this test will give you an accurate result when it comes to blood iron levels in your body.
The vitamin B complex is essential for a healthy nervous system, particularly vitamin B12. Low levels of this vitamin are commonly associated with fatigue, diffuse pain, and lethargy. Vitamin B12 depletion can be caused by various things including consuming too much alcohol and not eating a balanced diet.
At the same time, too little vitamin D can also cause problems in your body including tiredness, mild pain, and a general state of confusion. Vitamin D is metabolized from the sun, but most people don't get enough sun exposure to get enough vitamin D in their system.
This test will reveal how much vitamin D is in your bloodstream. If you're deficient in this vital nutrient, you might be able to easily correct this problem with regular vitamin D supplementation.
CPK is an enzyme found in most muscles in your body. When the muscles are injured, CPK is released into the bloodstream. This test can detect excess CPK in your system and it will help doctors detect infections and diseases quickly.
CPK is also split into 3 categories and each corresponds to certain muscle groups and organs. Measuring your levels of CPK can indicate recent muscle damage, heart attacks, brain problems, and more.
Low levels can lead to muscle spasms, which are common in fibromyalgia patients; magnesium supplementation can also improve symptoms in some fibromyalgia patients; recommended magnesium levels in fibromyalgia patients are at least 2 mEq/L.
ESR is often recommended as a routine laboratory test in fibromyalgia patients to rule out the presence of inflammatory disorders that may mimic symptoms. The upper limit of normal for the ESR in women is half their age (eg, a level of 40 in an 80-year-old women is normal), and in men is half their age minus 10.
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron. Red blood cells need iron to form normally and carry oxygen around your body. Low ferritin <50 ng/ml caused a 6.5-fold increased risk for fibromyalgia in a study. Iron is essential for a number of enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has shown a reduction in the concentration of biogenic amine metabolites, including dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. The study investigators suggested that iron as a cofactor in serotonin and dopamine production may have a role in the etiology of fibromyalgia. (Eur J Clin Nutr 2010 Mar;64(3):308-12)
Once a fibromyalgia diagnosis is confirmed, your doctor will help you fight this disease in a number of ways. Usually, a combination of medications and therapies is used, depending on the severity of your pain and how much disturbance it causes in your life.
Some of the drugs used to treat fibromyalgia include pain relievers such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and others. These will help you cope with the constant pain easier. Other drugs used are anti-depressants such as Duloxetine.
These drugs might help fight the pain and lethargy commonly associated with fibromyalgia. Finally, anti-seizure drugs might be useful in extreme cases.
On top of that, counseling is highly recommended to find ways to cope with the constant pain and alleviate it slightly. Physical therapy is also very useful in improving the flexibility and stamina of people who struggle with fibromyalgia.
Other types of self-care strategies include practicing yoga, meditating, taking long, hot baths, or engaging in vigorous cardio exercise. These activities release natural endorphins that help numb the pain of people with fibromyalgia.
As you can see, the only reliable way to test for fibromyalgia is by ordering a comprehensive panel of blood tests. This will help doctors rule out other conditions and accurately formulate treatment options for your specific case.
Order your fibromyalgia panel from Discountedlabs.com today and take advantage of quick delivery of results as well as one of the lowest prices for blood tests in the US!
This panel includes hormones that have been implicated in gynecomastia by several studies. Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast resulting from a growth of the glandular tissue of the breast. It is defined clinically by the presence of a rubbery or firm mass extending concentrically from the nipples. At least 30% of males will be affected during their life. Since it causes anxiety, psychosocial discomfort and fear of breast cancer, early diagnostic evaluation is important, and patients usually seek medical attention. Causes include hormone imbalance and genetic predisposition.
Tests Include:
TESTOSTERONE, Free and Total, LC/MS Assay (T > 1,500 ng/dL)
DHT ( Dihydrotestosterone)
Low blood levels of testosterone and DHT in the presence of high estradiol, IGF-1, thyroid hormones or prolactin may accelerate the growth of breast tissue in men
ULTRA SENSITIVE ESTRADIOL
IGF-1 (Insulin Growth Factor 1)
PROLACTIN
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
FREE T3 (Free Triiodothyronine )
According to the National Institute of Health, gynecomastia can affect more than 50% of adolescent boys during puberty.
At the same time, gynecomastia can also affect up to 65% of men between 27 and 92, depending on their lifestyle, habits, drug intake, and other factors.
But what is gynecomastia and why so many men get it? Is it dangerous? And what can you do to treat it effectively and safely?
Keep reading this article to find out everything you need to know about gynecomastia, its types, causes, and treatment options.
Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast resulting from a growth of the glandular tissue of the breast. It is defined clinically by the presence of a rubbery or firm mass extending concentrically from the nipples. At least 30% of males will be affected during their life. Since it causes anxiety, psychosocial discomfort, and fear of breast cancer, early diagnostic evaluation is important, and patients usually seek medical attention.
Evaluation of gynecomastia must include a detailed medical history, clinical examination, specific blood tests, imaging, and tissue sampling. Individual treatment requirements can range from simple reassurance to medical treatment or even surgery.
Men who start experiencing this problem complain of pain and tenderness around the nipple area. Gynecomastia was reported to cause an imbalance between estrogen and androgen action or an increased estrogen to androgen ratio, due to increased estrogen production, decreased androgen production or both. Androgens include testosterone and DHT. High estradiol in the presence of low testosterone and DHT, growth hormone (IGF-1 is a metabolite), and a genetic predisposition to gynecomastia can increase the size of breast tissue in men.
Physiological gynecomastia is common in pubertal boys and appears to be associated with increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and pubertal growth, but not with a shift in the balance between estrogen and testosterone, a new study suggests. Researchers from the study said that IGF-1 and estrogen work together to help breast tissue grow, and it looks like IGF-1 is how growth hormone affects breast growth. "Estradiol increased the effect of IGF-1 on breast formation, and this was also seen in boys with gynecomastia in our study." However, serum testosterone was similarly elevated, leaving the estradiol/testosterone ratio unaltered."
Testosterone converts into estradiol, DHT, and other metabolites. Men with higher amounts of the enzyme aromatase usually have this problem even at lower doses of testosterone. A higher fat percentage, advanced age, excessive alcohol consumption, and the use of specific medications all have an impact on the growth of this glandular tissue. Gynecomastia rarely occurs in men using testosterone replacement since testosterone-to-estradiol ratios are improved.
In several studies on testosterone replacement, only a very small percentage of people receiving testosterone experience breast tissue growth. Dr. Judith Rabkin reported that two men out of the 150 men who participated in the study experienced this negative reaction in one HIV-specific study she conducted in New York.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a natural metabolite of testosterone that has antiestrogen activity and cannot be converted into estradiol at the tissue level. Systemic or locally administered DHT has been successfully prescribed for the treatment of patients with idiopathic and estrogen-induced gynecomastia.
Gynecomastia is also seen in men with androgen resistance with low testosterone and DHT, where unfettered estrogen can stimulate subsequent breast development. However, in men with normal androgen receptor activity, estradiol is unable to stimulate breast development. This is thought to be due to an imbalance between the inhibitory and stimulatory effect of these hormones.
Some medications have been reported in the medical literature to cause gynecomastia due to decreases in testosterone, increases in estradiol, or both. These include:
· Antiandrogens.
· HIV medications.
· Anti-anxiety medications.
. Finasteride
· Tricyclic antidepressants.
· Glucocorticoid steroids.
· Antibiotics.
· Ulcer medication such as cimetidine .
· Cancer treatment (chemotherapy).
· Heart medications such as digitalis and calcium channel blockers.
· Anabolic steroids
· Soy and flaxseed
· Exposure to pesticides and byproducts of plastic processing has also been linked to increased estrogen and decreased sperm count in men.
If the gynecomastia is drug-induced, decreased tenderness and softening of the glandular tissue will usually be apparent within one month after discontinuation of the drug. However, if the gynecomastia has been present for more than one year, it is unlikely to regress substantially, either spontaneously or with medical therapy, because of the presence of fibrosis. In such circumstances, surgical subcutaneous mastectomy, ultrasound-assisted liposuction, and suction-assisted lipectomy are the best options for cosmetic improvement, as described in several case series.
During the rapid, proliferative phase, manifested clinically as breast pain and tenderness, medical therapy may be attempted. Most studies of drugs -- including testosterone (in patients without hypogonadism), have been uncontrolled and thus difficult to interpret because gynecomastia may resolve spontaneously. Small samples have generally been a limitation of the few randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Even though tamoxifen is not approved to treat gynecomastia, it has been shown to work in randomized and nonrandomized trials, with about 80% of patients showing partial regression of gynecomastia and about 60% showing complete regression. The drug is taken by mouth at a dose of 20 mg daily for up to 3 months. Patients in whom tamoxifen is effective usually experience a decrease in pain and tenderness within one month. In a retrospective analysis of a series of patients with idiopathic gynecomastia, 78% of patients treated with tamoxifen had complete resolution of gynecomastia, as compared with only 40% of patients receiving danazol. In case series describing the use of tamoxifen for this condition in more than 225 patients, adverse events were uncommon but can include body aches, low sex drive, and fatigue.
The aromatase inhibitor anastrozole was not shown to be more effective than placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in boys with pubertal gynecomastia. Although in an uncontrolled study of 10 patients with pubertal gynecomastia, the selective estrogen-receptor modulator raloxifene was shown to result in more than a 50% decrease in the size of the gynecomastia in the majority of the boys, there is insufficient data to recommend its use at this time.
Lowering the testosterone dose had not proven helpful for the two patients in Dr. Rabkin's study. The use of antiestrogens, such as tamoxifen 10 mg twice daily, with lower doses of testosterone has been effective. Some physicians prescribe low dose aromatase inhibitors for men with early-onset gynecomastia. Gynecomastia can become permanent if the condition lasts very long, although it may reduce in size when androgen use is discontinued. In the absence of resolution, surgical correction may be necessary in severe cases.
For men who experience enlarged breast size, doctors usually check estradiol levels to determine whether too much testosterone is being converted into estrogen. However, physicians usually forget that other hormone metabolites like DHT and IGF-1 may be involved in the development of gynecomastia, so they do not include these tests in the diagnostic panel.
Warning: Bringing estrogen down to very low levels could cause health problems in men in the long run. Hair/skin quality and health, brain function, bone density, lipids, sexual function, and other important factors may be greatly influenced by estrogen.
More information about estradiol and gynecomastia.
Bibliography:
Braunstein, G. D., M.D. (2007). Gynecomastia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(12), 1229-1237.
Schulster M, Bernie AM, Ramasamy R. The role of estradiol in male reproductive function. Asian J Androl 2016;18:435-40
Here are a few answers to some of the questions you might have about gynecomastia.
1. Is Gynecomastia Painful?
Some patients might experience mild pain in their chest area as well as tenderness, especially when gynecomastia gets into an advanced state. However, the pain is not sharp or intense, and it usually goes away once proper treatment for gynecomastia is administered.
2. Does the Breast Tissue Subside Once Gynecomastia Is Treated?
One of the main concerns of patients with gynecomastia is whether the breast tissue will continue to "hang" after the condition is treated. Unfortunately, the tissue will not subside on its own in most cases, but there are solutions to this problem. Once the underlying cause of gynecomastia is treated, patients can perform small surgeries to remove the excess breast tissue and achieve a more "manly" chest.
3. Does Scarring Occur After Removing the Breast Tissue?
Luckily, the scarring is minimal around the nipple area and almost invisible. Patients can go to the beach and not worry that someone will see that they had gynecomastia surgery because the scarring is virtually non-existent.
4. Are There Any Other Drugs or Substances Which Cause Gynecomastia?
Certain drugs or substances might cause gynecomastia such as marijuana, steroids, or other performance-enhancing drugs. However, men might develop breast tissue enlargement as a result of consuming high amounts of alcohol too. Alcohol can damage the liver, which in turn decreases the production of testosterone.
At the same time, certain drugs such as spironolactone, ketoconazole, and others can also trigger the development of gynecomastia. Cimetidine, which is a drug used to treat ulcer, is also associated with this type of health issue.
Conclusions
Treating gynecomastia can be done with relative ease these days, as long as you are aware of its existence. For a complete and thorough test which helps you diagnose this condition quickly, check out the Gynecomastia Test Panel. You can use a blood sample to perform this lab test panel from Discounted Labs, and you receive the results in just a few business days. The results can help your doctor decide what therapies are best for you to eliminate your gynecomastia.
Reference:
Sansone A, et al. Gynecomastia and hormones. Endocrine. DOI 10.1007/s12020-016-0975-9
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This lab test panel includes main blood test markers involved in hair loss, including conditions like female pattern hair loss. Note: Some medications (listed below) may cause hair loss in men and women.
Anemia-related factors:
Complete Blood Count (CBC)—Can detect potential low hemoglobin and infections that can lead to hair loss. Additionally, some CBC markers like MCV and MCH can detect B-12 and folate deficiency that affects hair growth.
Ferritin: Low ferritin, an iron storage protein, has been linked to hair loss and slow down of hair growth.
Iron and Total Iron Capacity (TIBC)—Low iron anemia has been linked to hair loss.
Hyperandrogenism: Excessive male hormones (androgens):
In healthy women, the ovaries and adrenal glands produce about 40% to 50% of the body’s testosterone. Tumors of the ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can both cause too much androgen production. High testosterone can lead to high dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a known factor in male and female hair loss. Cushing's disease is a problem with the pituitary gland that leads to excess amounts of corticosteroids and DHEA. In men with a genetic predisposition to hair loss, excess DHT may worsen this issue.
Total Testosterone Test (LC/MS)
Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Ultrafiltration)
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Both low and high thyroid function are known factors in hair loss.
Some vitamin deficiencies can also cause hair loss in men and women with poor dietary habits, malabsorption, and illness. Please check our discounted vitamin tests.
Hair loss, medically known as alopecia, can be a distressing condition for both men and women. It can affect one’s self-esteem and overall quality of life. Hair loss can occur for various reasons, including genetics, hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and certain medical conditions. Understanding the root cause of hair loss is crucial for effective treatment and management.
Hair growth is a complex process that involves the coordinated effort of multiple cell types, hormones, and growth factors. The hair growth cycle consists of three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen. The anagen phase is the active growth phase, during which the hair grows rapidly. This phase can last several years. The catagen phase is a short transitional phase that lasts a few weeks, during which the hair follicle shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla. Finally, the telogen phase is the resting phase, lasting a few months, during which the hair is released from the follicle and falls out.
Hair follicles are the tiny tubes in the skin from which hair grows. Each follicle is surrounded by a cluster of cells called the dermal papilla, which play a crucial role in regulating hair growth. The hair follicle is also surrounded by a layer of cells called the inner root sheath, which helps to shape the hair shaft. Disruptions in the hair growth cycle or damage to the hair follicles can lead to hair loss. Factors such as hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and certain medical conditions can trigger hair loss by affecting the hair growth cycle and the health of hair follicles.
There are many causes of hair loss. Causes include certain diseases, chemical exposure, or drug use. The most common causes are:
Androgenic Alopecia (AGA) - Male and Female Pattern Baldness, also known as “Androgenic Alopecia”, is the most common cause of hair loss and will affect up to 70% of men and 40% of women at some point in their lifetime. Men typically present with hairline recession at the temples and hair-loss on the upper surface of the head, also known as vertex balding. Women typically present diffuse, or scattered, thinning of the hair over the top of their scalps. People who suffer from this type of hair loss have an underlying sensitivity to “hair follicle miniaturization” due to androgenic hormones.
Poor Nutrition - Usually complete baldness is not seen in people with nutritional deficiencies; thinning of the hair is more common. Studies show that limited food intake and deficiencies in certain nutrients can cause thinning. These include deficiencies of biotin, amino acids (protein), zinc, and iron. Consuming a diet high in animal fat, such as in fast food, can also have a negative effect on hair loss.
Alopecia Areata - Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by patchy hair loss. It is diagnosed through various blood tests that can identify underlying conditions such as inflammation and vitamin D deficiency.
Hair Fall - Hair fall can be evaluated clinically to understand its underlying causes. Factors such as genetic predispositions, hormone levels, and nutritional deficiencies play a significant role in hair fall.
Hair Loss in Women - Hair loss in women can be caused by hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and genetic predisposition. Blood tests are crucial in diagnosing these issues and creating targeted treatment plans.
Stress—Stress has been shown to restrict the blood supply to capillaries, which prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching the hair follicle, thus preventing hair growth. Stress can also lead to hormonal imbalances that contribute to hair loss.
Medications: Some medications can cause hair loss, especially medications that affect hormone levels. These medications include contraceptive pills, some forms of hormone replacement therapy, anabolic steroids, and acne medication. Other medications that can have an effect on hair loss include those for blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and cholesterol.
Alopecia from drugs is a usually reversible, nonscarring, diffuse hair loss that occurs within days to weeks of starting a new medication or changing the dose, but in some cases, it can lead to permanent hair loss, particularly when associated with conditions like scarring alopecia.
The development of hair loss and severity depends both on the drug and individual predisposition. Some drugs cause hair loss in most patients receiving an appropriate dose. Other drugs are only occasionally responsible for hair loss.
There are two types of drug-induced hair loss:
Anagen effluvium—the shedding of actively growing hairs. Anagen effluvium is usually due to chemotherapy drugs and rarely with gold, colchicine, or poisoning with arsenic, bismuth, thallium, or boric acid.
Telogen effluvium—the shedding of resting, or bulb, hairs. Telogen effluvium is the mechanism of virtually all other medication-induced hair loss. The list of possible drug causes is very long and includes:
Anti-coagulants
Anti-hypertensives
Hormones—oral contraceptive pill (during/after/changing), hormone replacement therapy, androgens.
Anticonvulsants
Mood stabilizers and antidepressants — most, such as lithium, 12–19%
Others — some antipsychotics and anti-anxiety drugs
Male pattern baldness, a distinct form of hair loss, primarily affects men but can also occur in women to a lesser degree. Unlike hair loss caused by medications, male pattern baldness is a genetic condition characterized by a specific pattern of hair thinning and loss. Understanding the differences between male pattern baldness and other types of hair loss is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosing hair loss involves a comprehensive approach that includes a detailed medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. Blood tests are an essential tool in diagnosing hair loss. They can help identify underlying medical conditions, hormonal imbalances, and nutritional deficiencies that may be contributing to hair loss.
Blood tests provide valuable insights into the underlying causes of hair loss. They can help identify conditions such as anemia, thyroid disorders, and hormonal imbalances that can trigger hair loss. Here are some key blood tests used in diagnosing hair loss:
A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test that measures the levels of different components in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A CBC can help diagnose conditions such as anemia, which can cause hair loss. It can also help identify infections and inflammation, which can contribute to hair loss. By evaluating the overall health of the blood, a CBC provides essential information about potential underlying issues affecting hair health.
Thyroid function tests (TFTs) are blood tests that measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating hair growth, and an underactive or overactive thyroid gland can cause hair loss. TFTs can help diagnose conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, which can contribute to hair loss. By assessing thyroid hormone levels, these tests can pinpoint thyroid-related issues that may be affecting hair growth.
In addition to CBC and TFTs, other blood tests that may be ordered to diagnose hair loss include:
Hormonal Panel: This test measures the levels of different hormones in the blood, including testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. Hormonal imbalances can significantly impact hair growth and lead to conditions such as androgenetic alopecia.
Iron and Ferritin Tests: These tests measure the levels of iron and ferritin in the blood, which can help diagnose iron deficiency anemia, a common cause of hair loss. Adequate iron levels are essential for healthy hair growth.
Vitamin and Mineral Tests: These tests measure the levels of different vitamins and minerals in the blood, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, and zinc. Nutritional deficiencies can weaken hair follicles and lead to hair thinning and loss.
By ordering these blood tests, healthcare providers can gain a better understanding of the underlying causes of hair loss and develop an effective treatment plan. Identifying and addressing these issues can help restore healthy hair growth and prevent further hair loss.
Several treatments are currently being used for hair loss as prescribed medications or over-the-counter (OTC) options.
Unlike Propecia, Rogaine doesn't come with all the negative side effects. This OTC treatment is a topical one rather than oral, so it is applied directly to the scalp as a means of combatting hair loss.
How does it work? Rogaine helps to increase the flow of blood to your scalp and hair follicles, preventing the follicles from shrinking—basically jump-starting them and getting them back into working order. The topical treatment is very unlikely to interact negatively with oral medications, so it should be fairly safe for your use.
Low-dose oral minoxidil is showing some promise in growing hair in men and women.
In 2014, a study was published in the journal Facial Plastic Surgery, detailing the results of using platelet-rich fibrin matrix as a means of treating hair loss.
Platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PFRM) is a mixture made by separating the red and white blood cells from the platelets and plasma. According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, "It is collected in a vacuum-sealed collection tube with a thixotropic separator gel, and the tube is centrifuged for 6 minutes at 1100 rpm. This process separates the red and white blood cells from the plasma and platelets, which are then transferred in a closed system to a second tube containing calcium chloride; it is this small amount of calcium that initiates the fibrinogen cleavage and the fibrin polymerization."
In the Facial Plastic Surgery study, 15 men and women with androgenetic alopecia were given injections of PFRM three times a month over the course of 1 year. During that time, their hair density indexes were monitored. After just 1 year, hair density indices increased significantly, meaning the patients' hair grew thicker and denser on the scalp.
Latanoprost is a medication used to help regrow eyelashes that have fallen out as a result of thyroid disorders or stress. However, studies have shown that the hair regrowth benefits extend beyond just the eyelashes, but the medication can even help to replenish hair that has been lost from the head.
A 2012 study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that latanoprost "significantly increased hair density (terminal and vellus hairs) at 24 weeks." Essentially, it could help to stimulate activity in the hair follicles, making it a potentially effective treatment for hair loss.
Ketoconazole (KCZ), originally used for seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff (in Nizoral shampoo) and as an antifungal medication, has also been found to be effective in stimulating new hair growth when applied topically. Even though the exact mechanism of topical KCZ for hair growth is not clearly understood, evidence suggests that ketoconazole acts as an androgen receptor suppressor.
Progesterone is a critical hormone produced by the female body. Progesterone acts as a precursor in the production of other vital hormones, such as estrogen and cortisone.
Topical progesterone-based hair restoration therapy is demonstrably effective in treating hair loss, according to multiple studies. It's believed that progesterone acts by inhibiting an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme needed to convert testosterone into DHT. Specifically, progesterone will prevent DHT from forming in the first place by blocking the action of 5-alpha reductase.
Certain other studies have also suggested that progesterone could have a significant effect on human hair growth beyond its ability to prevent testosterone from converting into DHT.
Higher levels of estrogens during pregnancy are thought to be the reason for an increase in the ratio of hair follicles in the growing phase of the female hair growth cycle. It's also true that after giving birth (when progesterone levels decrease), these new follicles enter a resting phase that results in increased hair shedding and temporary hair thinning.
Spironolactone is a powerful androgen receptor blocker, and when applied topically, it can prevent DHT from attaching to both hair follicles and oil glands.
Spironolactone can effectively prevent DHT from binding to androgen receptors in your follicles and stimulating your body's immune response to attack your own hair. Although the reason for this isn't clearly understood, topical spironolactone is a scientifically verified way to stop DHT from causing a follicle-destroying immune response.
Compounding pharmacies make topical scalp solutions to treat hair loss containing a combination of several of the options mentioned above.
1. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Test The TSH test is crucial for diagnosing Hashimoto's disease. It gauges the level of TSH that the pituitary gland produces, which in turn stimulates the thyroid to produce T4 and T3 hormones. Elevated TSH levels can indicate hypothyroidism, commonly associated with Hashimoto's disease 1 2.
2. Thyroid Hormone Tests These tests measure the levels of free T3 (triiodothyronine) and free T4 (thyroxine) in the blood. A low level of free T4, along with an elevated TSH level, is a key indicator of Hashimoto's disease 1 2.
3. Thyroid Antibody Tests Most individuals with Hashimoto's disease have thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies in their blood. Testing for these and other thyroid-related antibodies is a significant step in diagnosing the condition 1 3
4. Thyroglobulin Antibody Test This test screens for antibodies against thyroglobulin, a protein in the thyroid gland. High levels are another marker of Hashimoto's disease 5
These tests, combined with a physical exam and medical history review, form the basis for diagnosing Hashimoto's disease. Note: This panel only contains the tests.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism or, less commonly, hyperthyroidism. It's characterized by the presence of antibodies targeting the thyroid, leading to leukocyte accumulation and impaired hormone production. The thyroid, a vital gland in the neck, regulates energy use and various physiological processes.
Symptoms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis can be subtle initially but may progress to more noticeable signs of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, weight gain, mood changes, slow heart rate, menstrual irregularities, cold sensitivity, facial swelling, difficulty conceiving, dry skin, and an enlarged thyroid gland. The severity of symptoms varies among individuals.
The underlying cause involves an immune response attacking the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage. Genetic factors may also contribute. Risk factors include family history, exposure to radiation, certain environmental substances, hormonal changes, and viral infections. Understanding these factors is crucial for managing and preventing the condition.
Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and thyroid function tests (TFTs), including TSH, free T3, and free T4 levels, and antibody tests. Imaging techniques like ultrasounds may also be used.
Treatment options include thyroid hormone replacement therapy, primarily with levothyroxine. The dosage is tailored based on TSH levels. In severe cases, a thyroidectomy and lifelong hormone replacement therapy may be necessary.
Diet plays a significant role in managing Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Consuming nutrient-rich and fermented foods, along with sufficient vitamin C, supports immune function. Avoiding foods with gluten, soy, omega-6 fatty acids, and canola oil is often recommended.
Endocrinologists are the primary specialists for treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis, offering expertise in hormone-related disorders and personalized treatment plans.
For more detailed information, visit: Hashimoto's Disease Tests and Treatments
Our Heart Test Panel at DiscountedLabs.com offers an extensive series of blood tests essential for assessing cardiovascular risks. This in-depth examination covers critical factors related to heart health and overall well-being. Here's a detailed breakdown of the various tests included in this panel:
The Heart Test Panel is a robust set of diagnostics targeting a comprehensive understanding of cardiovascular health. By offering insights into areas such as metabolism, blood components, inflammation markers, lipid profile, amino acid breakdown, and blood clot factors, this panel empowers both physicians and patients to make informed decisions about heart care and disease prevention.
At DiscountedLabs.com, we prioritize accuracy and accessibility in cardiovascular testing. Entrust your heart health to our advanced screening methods and detailed reports. Book your Heart Test Panel today to embark on a journey toward optimal cardiovascular well-being.
This panel measures the blood levels of arsenic, lead, and mercury.
The patient should avoid seafood and red wine 72 hours before collection.
Heavy metal toxicity is a growing concern in today's world. Heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, and mercury, can accumulate in the body over time and cause serious health problems. A heavy metals test profile measures the amount of these toxic substances in your blood, providing you with important information about your overall health. In this blog post, we will discuss the importance of a heavy metals test profile and how it can help you identify potential health risks. We will cover everything from how these heavy metals are ingested to what symptoms you should look out for. You will also learn about the procedure for collecting and testing blood samples for heavy metals, how to prepare for the test, and how to interpret your results. Finally, we will discuss treatment options and how you can purchase an affordable heavy metals test profile without visiting a doctor on DiscountedLabs.com.
Determining heavy metal toxicity in the body is crucial, and a comprehensive blood test can help achieve this. By identifying potential sources of heavy metal exposure, interventions can be targeted to minimize risk. Assessing the impact of heavy metal poisoning on overall health allows for early detection and prevention of related conditions. Additionally, clinicians can develop personalized treatment plans for heavy metal detoxification based on the test results. This comprehensive profile plays a vital role in maintaining public health by confirming contamination and ensuring prompt intervention.
Arsenic, lead, and mercury play significant roles in the body, but they can also have detrimental effects when present in high levels. Arsenic is linked to cardiovascular diseases and an increased risk of cancer. Lead impairs neurological development, particularly in children. Mercury affects the nervous system and can lead to cognitive and behavioral issues. Each heavy metal has its own specific health implications and toxic effects. Understanding the role of each heavy metal is crucial for targeted treatment and prevention strategies. By identifying their presence and levels, healthcare professionals can develop personalized plans to address heavy metal toxicity.
Heavy metals can be ingested through various means. Drinking water contaminated with heavy metals is a common source of exposure. Seafood consumption, especially fish and shellfish, can lead to the accumulation of mercury in the body. Occupational exposure in certain industries can occur through inhalation or skin contact. Ingesting lead particles from deteriorating paint, particularly lead-based paint, is another way heavy metals are ingested. Additionally, exposure to heavy metals can happen through common household products.
Arsenic can be found in pesticides, herbicides, and various industrial processes. Lead is often present in old pipes, lead-based paint, and certain occupations. Mercury can be found in thermometers, dental fillings, and contaminated seafood. Identifying these potential sources is crucial in reducing exposure and preventing heavy metal poisoning. Being aware of common sources of heavy metal poisoning allows individuals to take proactive measures to minimize the risk of exposure. By understanding where these heavy metals come from, people can make informed decisions about their environment and overall health.
Symptoms of heavy metal poisoning include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Neurological symptoms may manifest as headaches, memory loss, and peripheral neuropathy. Cardiovascular problems, such as high blood pressure and shortness of breath, can also occur. Anemia, resulting in fatigue and reduced red blood cell production, is another common symptom. Recognizing these signs helps with early detection and prompt treatment.
Recognizing the signs of heavy metal poisoning is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Arsenic poisoning can manifest as skin changes, cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal issues. Lead poisoning may result in developmental delays, behavioral changes, and anemia. Mercury poisoning can lead to neurological problems, tremors, and kidney damage. Each type of heavy metal poisoning exhibits distinct signs, aiding in accurate identification and targeted intervention. Early recognition of symptoms is essential for minimizing long-term health complications.
A heavy metal blood test involves a simple venous blood draw for laboratory analysis. The collected blood specimen is processed through centrifugation to separate serum or plasma for testing. The test measures levels of arsenic, lead, and mercury in the blood, providing a comprehensive assessment of heavy metal exposure. Results are typically available within a few days.
To ensure an accurate assessment of heavy metal exposure, the procedure for blood collection and testing involves various steps. A trained professional, known as a phlebotomist, collects blood from a vein using a sterile needle in a process called phlebotomy. The collected specimen is then labeled properly and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Specialized equipment is used to measure heavy metal levels accurately in the blood sample. The results obtained are compared with established guidelines, known as the reference range, to determine if heavy metal exposure is within normal limits. Blood testing plays a crucial role in ensuring an accurate assessment of heavy metal exposure, helping individuals identify and address potential health risks associated with heavy metal contamination.
To prepare for a heavy metal blood test, there are several important steps to keep in mind. Due to the potential impact of food intake on some heavy metals, fasting may be necessary first. It's also crucial to discuss any medications you're taking with your healthcare provider, as some medications can interfere with the test. Minimizing potential exposure to heavy metals prior to the test is important, such as avoiding contact with insecticides or ceramics. Lastly, be sure to follow any pre-test instructions provided by your healthcare provider, as adequate preparation ensures reliable and meaningful test results.
To ensure accurate results for certain heavy metals, it is important to follow specific fasting instructions. Additionally, inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including supplements, that you are taking, as they can interfere with the test. It is crucial to share any relevant symptoms or exposure history for a comprehensive assessment. Don't hesitate to discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider before the test. Proper pre-test preparation is essential to obtaining reliable and meaningful results for your heavy metal blood test.
The heavy metal blood test is a valuable tool for measuring levels of metals such as arsenic, lead, and mercury in the body. This test involves taking a blood sample, typically from a vein, to identify potential heavy metal exposure. While the test itself is generally safe, there are some possible risks to be aware of. These can include bruising or bleeding at the site where the blood is drawn. To minimize these risks and ensure accurate results, it is important to follow any preparation instructions provided by the testing facility.
Results from the heavy metal blood test are typically reported in micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL). Elevated levels may indicate heavy metal poisoning or exposure. It's important to note that reference ranges can vary depending on the specific metal being tested. To accurately interpret these results, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider. In some cases, further testing may be necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis.
If your test shows elevated levels of heavy metals, further evaluation may be necessary. A healthcare provider can assess your symptoms and medical history to determine the appropriate course of action. Treatment options may include chelation therapy to remove excess metals from the body and lifestyle changes to reduce exposure. Regular monitoring of blood levels may be recommended as well.
Treatment options for heavy metal poisoning vary depending on the specific metal involved. Chelation therapy is commonly used for certain heavy metals. Early detection and removal of the source of exposure are crucial, and personalized treatment recommendations should be sought from a healthcare provider. Follow-up testing may be necessary to monitor progress.
Looking to buy an affordable heavy metals test profile without a doctor's visit? Visit DiscountedLabs.com.
In conclusion, getting a Heavy Metals Test Profile is essential for identifying and addressing potential heavy metal poisoning in the body. Arsenic, lead, and mercury are common heavy metals that can have harmful effects on our health. It is important to understand the sources and symptoms of heavy metal poisoning in order to take the necessary precautions. The Heavy Metals Blood Test involves a simple procedure of blood collection and testing. Interpreting the results of the test is crucial, and if high levels of heavy metals are detected, further treatment may be necessary. To make the process more convenient and affordable, you can purchase a Heavy Metals Test Profile without visiting a doctor through DiscountedLabs.com. Take charge of your health and ensure the well-being of your body by being proactive about heavy metal testing.
A liver panel, also known as a hepatic function panel, is a blood test that helps doctors check for liver injury, infection, or disease. The panel includes multiple measurements that assess the health and function of the liver, such as total protein, albumin, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT enzymes. This lab test panel measures the blood levels of these components and can be used to help diagnose and monitor liver diseases. It can also check for side effects in the liver from certain medications. The test is conducted with a blood sample taken from a vein in your arm. High or low levels of these components may indicate the presence of liver damage or disease.
Your liver plays a crucial role in maintaining your overall health and well-being. Understanding the function of your liver is essential for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of Hepatic Function Panels, exploring their significance and key components. We will discuss the importance of liver health and how these panels help identify liver injuries and diseases. Additionally, we will decode the results of these tests, shedding light on what high or low levels indicate. You'll also find valuable information on how to prepare for the test and factors that may interfere with accurate results. Whether you're a healthcare professional or an individual looking to take control of your health, this guide will equip you with the knowledge you need to understand Hepatic Function Panels. Plus, we'll even show you how to buy an affordable panel on DiscountedLabs.com!
A hepatic function panel is a blood test that measures the levels of various liver enzymes and proteins to assess the health and function of the liver. There are tests for alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), along with total bilirubin, albumin, and the protein globulin in this panel. Abnormal results on a hepatic function panel can indicate liver disease or dysfunction, such as hepatitis, liver damage, or cirrhosis. It is commonly ordered to monitor liver health, assess medication side effects, or investigate symptoms like jaundice or vomiting. Interpreting the results requires understanding the normal range and considering additional tests if necessary. Making lifestyle changes and interventions can help improve liver function.
The liver, an essential organ in our body, plays a crucial role in detoxification, metabolism, and nutrient storage. Maintaining a healthy liver is vital for overall well-being and disease prevention. Various factors, such as diet, alcohol consumption, and medication use, can influence liver health. Regular monitoring of liver function through a Hepatic Function Panel can help detect early signs of liver damage or disease. It is important to take proactive steps to support liver health, such as maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding excessive alcohol intake. Prioritizing liver health ensures the proper functioning of this vital organ.
Liver enzymes like AST, ALT, and ALP levels are essential for assessing liver damage or disease. Elevated bilirubin levels may indicate liver dysfunction or blockage, while decreased albumin levels can point towards liver damage or disease. The total protein component of a hepatic function panel helps evaluate liver dysfunction and other health conditions. PT/INR measures blood clotting ability and liver function, while elevated GGT levels can indicate liver damage or disease. These key components, measured in milligrams, of a hepatic function panel provide valuable insights into the health of your liver.
Total protein in the blood is a crucial measurement used to assess liver and kidney function, including liver chemistries. It provides valuable insights into the health of these organs. Low levels of total protein can indicate liver damage or malnutrition, while high levels may be a sign of dehydration or certain medical conditions. Monitoring total protein levels is essential for diagnosing and managing liver disease effectively. Typically, total protein levels are measured alongside other liver function tests to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of liver health. By analyzing total protein levels, healthcare professionals can gain valuable information about an individual's liver function and overall well-being.
The liver produces albumin, a protein that is essential for maintaining the body's proper fluid balance. It serves as a vital component of the hepatic function panel, helping to evaluate liver function and overall health status. Monitoring albumin levels is particularly important, as low levels may indicate liver damage or disease, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis. Various factors, including malnutrition, kidney disease, and certain medications, can affect albumin levels. By assessing albumin levels, healthcare professionals gain valuable insights into the health of the liver and can take appropriate measures for detection and management of liver diseases.
Bilirubin, a yellow pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells, plays a crucial role in liver function. Elevated bilirubin levels can indicate liver disease or dysfunction, making it an important marker for diagnosis and monitoring, such as through a bilirubin test. A comprehensive hepatic function panel includes measurements of both total bilirubin and direct bilirubin to provide a complete picture. Monitoring bilirubin levels can help assess the effectiveness of treatment for various liver conditions, such as jaundice and liver damage. By tracking bilirubin levels, healthcare professionals can better understand the health of the liver and make informed decisions for patient care.
AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT are vital enzymes used to assess liver health and diagnose liver diseases. AST, or aspartate aminotransferase, measures liver cell damage, while ALT, or alanine aminotransferase, indicates liver damage or disease. ALP, or alkaline phosphatase, evaluates liver and bone health, detecting related conditions. GGT, or gamma-glutamyl transferase, helps assess liver function and diagnose liver diseases and alcohol abuse. These enzymes are released into the bloodstream after acute liver cell damage, making them important indicators of liver health. Monitoring these enzymes through a Hepatic Function Panel aids in evaluating liver health and diagnosing liver disorders. By analyzing the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT in the bloodstream, healthcare providers can gain valuable insights into the overall health of your liver.
A Hepatic Function Panel is required when there are signs or symptoms of liver disease, as part of routine check-ups, or if there are risk factors. It helps assess liver function, diagnose diseases, monitor treatment effectiveness, and determine overall liver health. A liver function panel may also be ordered if there is a recent exposure to a hepatitis virus or if the patient is taking medication that may cause liver damage. Healthcare providers make decisions based on medical history and symptoms.
The Hepatic Function Panel, also known as the liver function test (LFT) panel, plays a crucial role in identifying liver injury and disease, including liver tests. This panel serves as a comprehensive assessment of liver function, enabling the detection of any damage or dysfunction. It is commonly ordered when patients present symptoms of liver dysfunction or as part of a routine check-up. The panel includes tests for liver enzymes, bilirubin levels, and liver function markers. Abnormal results from these tests may indicate liver damage, hepatitis, cirrhosis, or other liver diseases. Early detection through the Hepatic Function Panel allows for timely treatment, leading to better outcomes.
Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial for patients taking medications that may impact liver health. A hepatic function panel can help identify early indications of medication-induced liver damage and provide healthcare professionals with information about medication dosages or alternative treatments. This panel is recommended when starting new medications that have known hepatotoxicity. By monitoring liver function, healthcare providers can take proactive steps to prevent further liver damage and ensure the overall health of the patient's liver. It is important to prioritize the monitoring of liver function in individuals on medication to mitigate potential side effects and maintain the well-being of the liver.
High or low levels of liver enzymes in a hepatic function panel could indicate liver damage, disease, or decreased liver function. Abnormal bilirubin levels may suggest issues with the liver or bile ducts. Consult a healthcare professional for a thorough interpretation of the results.
The normal range for liver function tests can vary depending on the specific markers being measured. Generally, a healthy liver will have values within the normal range for markers like ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase. On average, normal ranges are: Alanine transaminase (ALT): 0 to 45 IU/L. Aspartate transaminase (AST): 0 to 35 IU/L. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 30 to 120 IU/L. Consult with a healthcare professional to interpret your results and determine any further action needed.
High or low levels of liver enzymes in the hepatic function panel can indicate liver damage or dysfunction. Factors such as medication use or alcohol consumption can affect the test results. Inflammation or infection in the liver, also known as liver inflammation, can cause abnormal levels in the hepatic function panel. Certain medical conditions, like hepatitis or cirrhosis, can also impact the test results. It's important to consider the patient's medical history and lifestyle factors when interpreting the test results.
Weight training can increase liver enzymes, specifically liver enzymes such as ALT and AST. These enzymes may show temporary increases after resistance exercise, but it is important to note that these increases are typically within the normal range and not a cause for concern. In fact, regular resistance exercise has been shown to improve liver health and reduce the risk of fatty liver disease. So, incorporating resistance exercise into your fitness routine can have positive effects on both your overall health and the health of your liver.
To prepare for a liver test panel, follow specific instructions given by your healthcare provider or the testing facility. Generally, fasting for a certain period of time may be required. Avoid alcohol and certain medications that can affect liver function before the test. Inform your healthcare provider about any supplements or herbal remedies you are taking. Additionally, during the test, a health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.
If you're looking to buy an affordable liver test panel, DiscountedLabs.com is an excellent option to consider. A hepatic function panel is a crucial test for assessing liver health and detecting any potential liver diseases. Regular testing is essential for the early detection and prevention of such conditions. DiscountedLabs.com offers cost-effective options for purchasing hepatic function panel tests online, including the option for a blood draw and laboratory analysis. Ordering is easy, with step-by-step instructions provided on their website. The convenience and accessibility of online testing, as well as the quick turnaround for receiving test results, make DiscountedLabs.com a convenient choice.
In conclusion, understanding the hepatic function panel is crucial for monitoring and maintaining liver health. This comprehensive test provides valuable insights into the functioning of key components such as total protein, albumin, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT. By analyzing the results, healthcare professionals can identify liver injury and disease and monitor the side effects of medications on the liver.
It's crucial to remember that certain factors can affect the test results, so a qualified healthcare provider should interpret these results. Factors like resistance exercise and other interfering factors should be taken into consideration.
If you're looking to get an affordable hepatic function panel, visit DiscountedLabs.com. They offer discounted rates and provide a convenient and reliable way to access this essential test. Prioritize your liver's health and take proactive steps towards maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
This hormone panel for men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) contains upstream and downstream hormones to testosterone. TRT has been shown to decrease upstream hormones like pregnenolone and progesterone, and slightly decrease DHEA. Downstream hormone metabolites like ultrasensitive estradiol and DHT are also included. Lastly, prolactin is added since high levels of prolactin can decrease sexual function. No LH and FSH were included since TRT shuts them down.
Several of the hormone tests (estradiol, testosterone, pregnenolone, progesterone, & DHT) included in this panel are done using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry since they are more precise at high and low values and have no interferences.
You can add an IGF-1 test and 17-OH-progesterone test to your cart for an even more complete picture.
The adrenal gland produces a hormone known as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It is also made in the brain. DHEA leads to the production of androgens and estrogens (male and female sex hormones). DHEA levels in the body begin to decrease after age 30. Lower DHEA levels are found in people with hormonal disorders, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, depression, diabetes, inflammation, immune disorders, and osteoporosis. DHEA levels may decrease as a result of taking corticosteroids, oral birth control, and medications for psychiatric disorders. Do you need to take a DHEA supplement?
Estradiol is the predominant sex hormone present in females and is also found at lower levels in men. It represents the major estrogen in humans. Estradiol not only impacts reproductive and sexual functioning, but also affects other systems, including bone health, heart health, nerves and metabolism. Estradiol, also known as E2, is the most active of all three estrogens commonly measured in a clinical setting. For women, it is important to compare the relationship between estradiol and progesterone in evaluating menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, mood disorders, and aging skin. In both men and women, low levels of estradiol are associated with osteoporosis. More information: Estradiol in Men: Top Ten Things You Should Know
Progesterone is a female hormone important for the regulation of ovulation and menstruation. It is also present in men in smaller concentrations. This test is performed using immunoassay technology. Progesterone is used to cause menstrual periods in women who have not yet reached menopause but are not having periods due to a lack of progesterone in the body. This hormone is also used to prevent overgrowth in the lining of the uterus in postmenopausal women who are receiving estrogen hormone replacement therapy. Progesterone replacement may also be used for other purposes. TRT may lower progesterone in men. Progesterone may have a calming effect in men, so some researchers speculate that decreasing progesterone levels in men may affect mood, sleep quality and anxiety.
Pregnenolone is the mother of all hormones. It is known as a neurosteroid with brain health benefits. As most hormones, it decreases with age. Aside from the natural decrease in pregnenolone that occurs as you age, research shows that higher doses of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) cause pregnenolone levels to drop even further.
This pregnenolone lab test uses liquid chromatography, so it is accurate for the measurement of pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is known as the mother hormone. All other steroids, including testosterone and estrogen, are derived from this important hormone. For this reason, optimal blood levels of pregnenolone are critical for a healthy hormone balance.
However, pregnenolone does more. It is important for proper brain development, cognition, memory, and mood. These dramatic effects on the brain are why pregnenolone is known as a neuro-active steroid.
Fasting is not required. Pregnenolone supplementation should be taken approximately 2 hours before the blood draw. More on the role of pregenolone in men.
Total testosterone is measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, which is the most accurate method for women. Free testosterone percent is measured by equilibrium ultrafiltration, and free testosterone is calculated from percent free T. Food may temporarily lower testosterone blood levels in men not on TRT.
DHT is synthesized from testosterone in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by 5-alpha reductase. Dihydrotestosterone exerts its action similarly to testosterone, which binds to and activates androgen receptors. Dihydrotestosterone is responsible for the formation of male primary sex characteristics and most male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as muscular growth, facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
Excess DHT has been associated with hair loss, prostate volume increase, and acne in men with a genetic predisposition to those issues. Blocking or decreasing DHT to low levels may cause sexual dysfunction. Please read DHT: Friend or Enemy of Men?
The pituitary gland secretes prolactin to stimulate milk production. It also has many other functions, including immune response, myelin coating on nerves, heart muscle protection, and enhancing LH receptors on testicular Leydig cells so that testosterone can be produced.
Prolactin levels peak during REM sleep, and in the early morning. Levels can rise after exercise, meals, sexual intercourse, minor surgical procedures, or following epileptic seizures.
High prolactin levels can decrease testosterone and cause sexual dysfunction. Higher levels of prolactin have been associated with tumors involving the lungs, the pituitary gland, and the kidneys. Doctors occasionally use prolactin to assess sexual dysfunction in both men and women with an unknown cause.
Drugs, supplements and certain diseases like pituitary adenomas may disrupt normal prolactin blood levels. These include hypothyroidism, antiepileptics, antidepressants, estrogen, opiates, diuretics, certain growth hormone releasing peptides and arginine. More on the role of prolactin in men.
This panel includes blood tests that are related to inflammation and certain diseases. Blood tests included are: CRP high sensitivity, CPK, LDH, Ferritin, Homocysteine and ESR
CRP is a substance produced by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation in the body, including autoimmune conditions and other inflammatory conditions. This test helps to diagnose and monitor the activity of some inflammatory and infectious conditions—arterial damage results from white blood cell invasion and inflammation within the wall. The hs-CRP test, also known as the high-sensitivity CRP test, is a more sensitive version of the traditional CRP test and can detect lower levels of inflammation in the body, including high levels of CRP. It is a general marker for inflammation and infection, making it a useful tool in determining risk for chronic diseases such as heart disease and identifying the type of inflammation present in various health conditions. Your health care provider might order a C-reactive protein test to determine your risk of heart disease and the risk of a second heart attack based on the CRP results. The American Heart Association and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have defined risk groups based on hs-CRP levels: Low risk: less than 1.0 mg/L, average risk: 1.0 to 3.0 mg/L; high risk: above 3.0 mg/L. Sleep apnea, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease can also raise hs-CRP levels in individuals with autoimmune conditions, increasing their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and inflammation.
Creatine phosphokinase is an enzyme in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. It is tested by taking a blood sample. High CPK can indicate muscle destruction and inflammation, heart attacks, and central nervous system issues.
Serum ferritin is a screening tool to detect iron deficiency. Serum ferritin values in the 200–2000 ng/mL range may be increased due to non-iron-related factors, including inflammation and obesity.
A high level of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia) makes a person more prone to endothelial cell injury, leading to inflammation in the blood vessels, which may lead to plaque buildup inside blood vessels. Hyperhomocysteinemia is, therefore, a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease since it has been correlated with blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes.
LDH is an enzyme, or catalyst, found in many body tissues involved in energy production. These include red blood cells, skeletal muscles, the heart, kidneys, brain, and lungs. LDH is most often measured to check for tissue damage. LDH is in many body tissues, especially the heart, liver, kidney, muscles, brain, blood cells, and lungs. An elevated level of LDH may be seen with: anemia, infections (such as infectious mononucleosis (mono), meningitis, encephalitis, and HIV), sepsis, intestinal and lung (pulmonary) infarction, kidney disease, liver disease, muscle injury, pancreatitis, cancers, and bone fractures.
ESR is the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour. To perform the test, anticoagulated blood was traditionally placed in an upright test tube, known as a Westergren tube, and the rate at which the red blood cells fell was measured and reported in mm/h. The ESR is increased in inflammation, pregnancy, anemia, autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus), infections, kidney diseases, and cancers (such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma). The ESR is also a common indicator of inflammation in a blood test, and an increased rate may suggest the presence of a medical condition causing inflammation, such as polymyalgia rheumatica. It is important to note that an ESR test alone cannot diagnose a specific medical condition, but it can provide valuable information for further diagnosis and treatment. During the test, a small amount of blood will be collected from a vein in your arm using a small needle, which may cause a little sting or slight pain. This process usually takes less than five minutes. To take a sample of your blood, a health care provider places a needle into a vein in your arm, usually at the bend of the elbow. The blood sample goes to a lab for analysis. You can return to your usual activities right away.
Lifestyle factors can indeed influence the outcome of a blood test for inflammation. Several aspects of one's lifestyle, such as diet, exercise, stress levels, sleep patterns, and family history, can impact inflammation levels in the body. For example, consuming a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats can lead to chronic inflammation. In contrast, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation. If you have a family history of autoimmune disorders, it is important to consider inflammation testing to help differentiate potential diseases.
Regular physical activity has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on the body. Engaging in regular exercise not only helps control weight but also reduces inflammation markers. On the other hand, leading a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to increased inflammation.
Stress is another significant factor that can affect inflammation levels. Chronic stress triggers the release of cortisol and other stress hormones, which can promote inflammation in the body. Finding healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing mindfulness or yoga, can help lower inflammation levels.
Furthermore, inadequate or poor quality sleep can also impact inflammation. Sleep deprivation disrupts the body's immune response and increases inflammatory markers. Establishing good sleep hygiene habits and ensuring an adequate amount of restful sleep each night is crucial for maintaining optimal inflammation levels.
In conclusion, adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, effective stress management techniques, and sufficient quality sleep can positively influence the results of a blood test for inflammation. By addressing these lifestyle factors, individuals may be able to reduce inflammation levels and improve their overall health and well-being. It is important to regularly monitor inflammation levels through laboratory tests to track progress and make necessary adjustments to lifestyle habits. These laboratory tests, performed in a CLIA-certified clinical laboratory, provide accurate and reliable results within the normal range to guide individuals in their journey towards better health.
When it comes to reducing inflammation based on blood test results, there are specific dietary recommendations that can be beneficial. For instance, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties and can help lower inflammation levels in the body. Including colorful fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants, like berries, cherries, spinach, and kale, can also aid in reducing inflammation. Moreover, incorporating spices like turmeric, ginger, and garlic, known for their anti-inflammatory properties, can be beneficial.
Additionally, avoiding processed foods high in trans fats and refined sugars is essential, as they can promote inflammation in the body. Opting for whole grains over refined grains and choosing lean sources of protein like poultry, legumes, and nuts can also help in managing inflammation levels and improving overall health. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian who can interpret your blood test results and provide personalized dietary recommendations based on your specific health information to reduce inflammation effectively.
High levels of inflammation in a blood test can be associated with various conditions and diseases, including:
1. Arthritis: Inflammatory markers in the blood can indicate different types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
2. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like lupus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease are characterized by high levels of inflammation.
3. Chronic infections: Inflammation may be elevated in response to chronic infections like tuberculosis or hepatitis.
4. Cardiovascular diseases: High levels of inflammation can contribute to conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart disease.
5. Cancer: Some cancers can cause inflammation in the body, leading to elevated inflammatory markers in the blood.
It's important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if you have concerns about high levels of inflammation detected in a blood test.
Medications can indeed interfere with the results of a blood test measuring inflammation markers. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and immunosuppressants, can impact the levels of inflammatory markers in the blood. For example, corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation, leading to lower levels of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream. On the other hand, NSAIDs may mask inflammation by reducing pain and swelling, thereby affecting the accuracy of the test results. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking before undergoing a blood test to ensure an accurate interpretation of the results.
The serum iron test measures the amount of iron in your blood. The total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test looks at how well iron moves through your body.
A TIBC blood test, or Total Iron-Binding Capacity TIBC test, measures the blood's ability to carry iron. This test is important for diagnosing conditions like iron-deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis. It helps determine how much iron is available in the blood and if there are any abnormalities in iron metabolism.
The serum iron test measures the amount of iron in your blood. The total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test looks at how well iron moves through your body.
The iron panel includes the serum iron test, which measures the amount of iron in your blood, and the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test, which looks at how well the iron moves through your body.
Iron is an important mineral that your body needs to stay healthy. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, the protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body and helps it function normally. If you don't have enough iron, you may not have enough hemoglobin, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin is an essential protein in red blood cells (RBCs) that helps carry oxygen throughout the body so it can function normally. Iron is considered an essential mineral because hemoglobin can’t be made without it. Iron is an essential nutrient that, among other functions, is necessary for producing healthy red blood cells (RBCs).
Transferrin, a protein that your liver produces, is primarily responsible for carrying or binding iron in your body. The TIBC test is based on certain proteins, including transferrin, found in the blood. Your transferrin levels are almost always measured along with iron and TIBC.
Iron plays a principal role in erythropoiesis, the formation and maturation of red blood cells (RBCs), and is required for hemoglobin synthesis. The human body contains between four and five grams of iron, about 65% of which is present in hemoglobin and 3% of which is present in myoglobin, the oxygen storage protein found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. A small amount is also found in cellular enzymes that catalyze the oxidation and reduction of iron. Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as ferritin and hemosiderin. Any iron present in the serum is in transit between the digestive track and bone marrow, and available iron stores form.
Transferrin, a specific transport protein, carries 60 to 70 percent of the body's iron. For this reason, the total capacity of the blood to bind and transport iron (TIBC) and transferrin are sometimes referred to as interchangeable, even though other proteins carry iron and contribute to the TIBC. The TIBC test shows the amount of transferrin in your blood, which is a protein your liver makes that regulates the absorption of iron into your blood. If you have too much iron (for example, if you have a condition like hemochromatosis), your iron level will be high, but your TIBC will be low or normal. Lab tests can help determine the TIBC and transferrin levels in your blood and assess your iron status. A TIBC (total iron-binding capacity) test is one of a few tests healthcare providers use to diagnose iron-related conditions, like anemia and hemochromatosis. They often compare the results to iron and ferritin blood test results.
Unbound iron is highly toxic, but there is generally an excess of transferrin available to prevent the buildup of unbound iron in the circulation. The percentage of iron saturation is calculated by dividing the serum iron value by the TIBC value and multiplying it by 100.
Iron deficiency is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is found in all of the body's cells and plays many important roles. For example, as a key part of the hemoglobin protein, iron brings oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Iron also helps electrons move around inside cells through cytochromes and speeds up oxygen enzyme reactions in different tissues. Too little iron can interfere with these vital functions and lead to morbidity and death. Testing is also ordered when there is a suspected case of iron poisoning, most commonly in children who accidentally overdose on vitamins or other supplements containing iron. If you have an iron deficiency, iron supplements will increase your iron levels. They are, however, associated with a lot of side effects, including sudden weight loss. You also don’t want to overdo them, because iron overload increases oxidative stress in the body and has a lot of negative consequences. You may want to try and correct mild efficiency through dietary intervention first.
Total body iron averages approximately 3.8 g in men and 2.3 g in women. In blood plasma, iron is tightly bound to the protein transferrin. There are several mechanisms that control iron metabolism and safeguard against iron deficiency. The main regulatory mechanism is situated in the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of iron absorption occurs in the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. A number of dietary factors may affect iron absorption. When the loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by intake of iron from the diet, a state of iron deficiency develops over time. When this state is uncorrected, it leads to iron-deficiency anemia, a common type of anemia. Before anemia occurs, the medical condition of iron deficiency without anemia is called latent iron deficiency (LID). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend that healthy people get the following amounts of iron through their diet.
Anemia is a condition characterized by inadequate red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin. When the body lacks sufficient amounts of iron, production of the protein hemoglobin is reduced, leading to low iron levels. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen, enabling red blood cells to supply oxygenated blood throughout the body. Women of childbearing age, children, and people with poor diets and a lack of iron-rich foods are most susceptible to the disease. The majority of cases of iron deficiency anemia are mild, but if left untreated, they can result in issues like an irregular heartbeat, pregnancy complications, and delayed growth in infants and children, which may affect their cognitive development and behavior. Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headaches, and pale skin are the most common symptoms of anemia, including abdominal pain. This may occur because of a condition that causes chronic blood loss, such as peptic ulcers, colon cancer, or excess menstrual bleeding.
Symptoms of iron deficiency can occur even before the condition has progressed to iron deficiency anemia.
Symptoms of iron deficiency are not unique to iron deficiency. Iron is needed for many enzymes to function normally, so a wide range of symptoms may eventually emerge, either as a secondary result of the anemia or as other primary results of iron deficiency. Symptoms of iron deficiency include:
Continued iron deficiency may progress to anemia and worsening fatigue. Thrombocytosis, or an elevated platelet count, can also result. A lack of sufficient iron levels in the blood is one reason that some people cannot donate blood.
Iron overload, or hemochromatosis, indicates the accumulation of iron in the body from any cause. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC), a genetic disorder, and transfusional iron overload, which can happen after a lot of blood transfusions, are the main causes.
Organs most commonly affected by hemochromatosis include the liver, heart, and endocrine glands.
Hemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes:
The Iron and TIBC blood test is a common diagnostic tool that measures the levels of iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) in the blood. This test can help diagnose a range of conditions related to iron metabolism, including iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, and chronic liver disease. Low levels of iron and high levels of TIBC may indicate iron deficiency anemia, while high levels of both may suggest hemochromatosis or chronic liver disease. In addition to diagnosis, the Iron and TIBC blood test can also be used to monitor treatment efficacy in patients with these conditions.
Iron test levels can be increased by incorporating iron-rich foods into your diet, such as red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin C can also enhance the absorption of iron in the body, so consuming foods like citrus fruits and tomatoes can be beneficial. Iron supplements are another option for those who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia or are at risk of developing it. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen. Additionally, avoiding certain substances like tea and coffee during meals may also aid in increasing iron absorption.
A variety of factors can lower iron test levels. One of the most common causes is iron deficiency anemia, where there is not enough iron in the body to produce sufficient red blood cells. Other factors that can lower iron levels include chronic bleeding, pregnancy, certain medications, and certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease or cancer. A diet lacking in iron-rich foods can also contribute to low iron levels.
The total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) blood test is a medical diagnostic tool used to evaluate an individual's iron levels. Certain medications can interfere with the accuracy of this test, leading to misleading results. Medications that can affect TIBC readings include hormonal contraceptives, corticosteroids, and antibiotics like chloramphenicol. It is important to inform your healthcare provider of any medications you are taking before undergoing a TIBC blood test to ensure accurate results.
Along with the TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) test, your healthcare provider may order other tests to help further evaluate your iron status and determine the cause of any abnormalities. Some of these tests may include:
1. Serum iron level: This test measures the amount of iron in your blood. It helps assess how much iron is available for binding to transferrin, a protein that transports iron throughout the body.
2. Ferritin level: Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in cells. Measuring ferritin levels can provide information about the body's iron stores and help diagnose iron deficiency or overload.
3. Transferrin saturation: This calculation determines the percentage of transferrin that is saturated with iron. It is calculated by dividing the serum iron level by the TIBC and multiplying by 100. Transferrin saturation can help evaluate how well your body is using its iron supply.
4. Hemoglobin and hemocrit levels: These tests measure the amount of red blood cells and their oxygen-carrying capacity, respectively. Abnormalities in these values can indicate anemia or other blood disorders.
5. Complete blood count (CBC): This test provides detailed information about different types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It can help identify various conditions, including anemia and infections.
6. Reticulocyte count: Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that are released into circulation when there is increased demand for
The TIBC (Total Iron-Binding Capacity) test measures the amount of iron that can be bound to proteins in the blood. Normal results for a TIBC test can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the specific reference range used, but generally fall within the following ranges:
- Total Iron-Binding Capacity: 240-450 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL)
- Transferrin Saturation: 20-50%
It is important to note that these ranges are provided as general guidelines, and individual results may vary. If you have concerns about your TIBC test results, it is best to consult with your healthcare provider who can provide personalized guidance based on your specific situation.
LD isoenzymes are different forms of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase found in the body. They are used to identify tissue damage or disease in specific organs, such as the heart, liver, or muscles. Elevated levels of LD isoenzymes can indicate conditions like heart attack, liver disease, or muscle injury.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is an enzyme that is found in almost all of the body's cells, but only a small amount of it is usually detectable in the blood. LD is released from the cells into the bloodstream when cells are damaged or destroyed. Because of this, the LD test can be used as a general marker of injury to cells. Although there is some overlap, each of the five LD isoenzymes tends to be concentrated in specific body tissues. This panel provides 5 types of isoenzymes to detect if LD is coming from the heart, red blood cells, kidneys, lungs, white blood cells, lymph nodes, muscle, or liver.
Introduction to Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD) Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is an enzyme predominantly located inside most body cells, with minimal presence normally detectable in the bloodstream. Its elevation in blood occurs when cells suffer damage or destruction, making LD a valuable marker for cell injury.
Isoenzymes of LD and Their Specific Locations LD is composed of five isoenzymes, each concentrated in certain body tissues:
For detailed information on LD isoenzymes, the National Library of Medicine offers an in-depth exploration.
The pattern of LD isoenzymes changes in response to specific medical conditions, providing crucial diagnostic information:
The study of LD isoenzymes in myocardial infarction is further explained in this article from the Circulation Journal.
The Diagnostic Significance of LD Isoenzyme Ratios
The ratios of different LD isoenzymes, such as LD1:LD2 and LD1:LD4, are crucial in diagnosing conditions like myocardial infarction. A ratio greater than 1.0 often indicates myocardial injury, provided other clinical criteria are met.
As mentioned before, Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is an enzyme present in various tissues throughout the body, playing a key role in energy production. It exists in different forms called isoenzymes, each prevalent in different tissues. The most commonly examined isoenzymes in clinical settings are LD1, LD2, LD3, LD4, and LD5.
Significance of LD Isoenzyme Ratios
LD1:LD2 Ratio: This ratio is particularly important in diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI). In a healthy individual, the LD2 isoenzyme typically predominates over LD1. However, during an MI, heart tissue damage leads to a significant release of LD1, often causing the LD1:LD2 ratio to invert (LD1 becomes greater than LD2). A ratio greater than 1.0 is suggestive of myocardial injury, but it should be interpreted in the context of other clinical findings and diagnostic tests.
LD1:LD4 Ratio: This ratio can also be indicative of cardiac injury. In myocardial infarction, the ratio of LD1 to LD4 often increases, reflecting the release of LD1 from damaged heart muscle cells. However, this ratio is less commonly used than the LD1:LD2 ratio and is considered an adjunct in the diagnostic process.
Other Ratios: Ratios involving other isoenzymes, such as LD3, LD4, and LD5, can be informative in different conditions. For example, an elevated LD5 can be more indicative of liver disease or muscle injury.
Clinical Interpretation It's important to note that while these ratios are significant, they are not solely diagnostic. They should be interpreted alongside other clinical information, including symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, and levels of other cardiac biomarkers such as troponin. The timing of the test in relation to symptom onset is also crucial, as LD isoenzyme levels can vary over time after an injury.
LD and its isoenzymes play a vital role in diagnosing various medical conditions, particularly cardiac and liver diseases. Understanding the distribution and behavior of these isoenzymes can provide critical insights into the nature and extent of tissue damage, aiding in accurate and timely diagnosis. For those interested in further research, medical journals and healthcare websites offer a wealth of information on this topic.
LD isoenzymes are different forms of lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme found in the body. The LD isoenzymes test is used to measure the levels of these different forms in the blood. Abnormal levels of LD isoenzymes can indicate tissue damage or disease in various organs, such as the heart, liver, or muscles.
The pituitary gland produces FSH and LHto control the production of sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. FSH and LH regulate the body's development, growth, and reproductive processes. In aging men and women, a rise in FSH and LH may indicate the onset of menopause and/or andropause. In women still menstruating, low levels of FSH and LH may indicate excessive estrogen and may lead to estrogen dominance. There is an increased risk for disorders such as polycystic ovarian disease and fibrocystic breast disease in this hormonal state.
This test is not helpful for men and women on testosterone therapy since TRT suppresses both values.
NOTE: If you are taking biotin, please stop it 72 hours before the blood draw since it may interfere with hormone blood tests.
This lipid panel evaluates the risk of developing atherosclerosis (arterial plaque) and coronary heart disease. This test includes: Total Cholesterol, triglycerides, ,HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, and Cholesterol/HDL Ratio. FASTING REQUIRED.
Monitoring lipid levels is important for assessing the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions
The lipid panel blood test, also known as the lipid profile or cholesterol panel, is a commonly requested test that provides important information about an individual's lipid levels. Lipids are a type of fat molecule found in the blood, and they include cholesterol and triglycerides. The lipid panel test measures the amount of these lipids in the blood and helps evaluate cardiovascular health. During the test, a healthcare provider will check for an easily accessible vein in the inner part of your arm on the other side of your elbow, where the blood sample will be drawn for analysis.
Monitoring lipid levels is crucial for assessing the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions. High levels of certain lipids, such as LDL cholesterol, can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This can lead to narrowed or blocked blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. A cholesterol test, which measures high cholesterol levels, is an important tool in determining this risk, especially for individuals at risk for coronary artery disease.
The lipid panel test consists of several components that provide specific information about different types of cholesterol and triglycerides. Understanding these components and interpreting the results can help individuals and healthcare providers make informed decisions about managing lipid levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
A lipid panel blood test measures the amount of specific fat molecules, called lipids, in the blood. It is also known as a cholesterol test or lipid profile. The test analyzes different types of cholesterol and triglycerides, which are carried inside particles called lipoproteins. Lipids play a crucial role in various bodily functions, but abnormal levels can increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular problems. The lipid panel test is a valuable tool for assessing cardiovascular health and monitoring the amount of much cholesterol in the blood.
Monitoring lipid levels is essential for evaluating cardiovascular health and assessing the risk of heart disease, high cholesterol, and other cardiovascular conditions. Lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, play important functions in the body, such as storing energy, producing hormones, and forming protective layers around cell membranes. However, imbalances in these levels can lead to adverse health effects. Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. On the other hand, higher levels of HDL cholesterol, or "good" cholesterol, are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Regular monitoring of lipid levels through a lipid panel blood test can help individuals and healthcare providers identify and manage any abnormalities, reducing the risk of heart disease and promoting overall cardiovascular health. This is especially important for individuals with certain health conditions, such as pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, or hypothyroidism, as imbalances in lipid levels can be indicative of these conditions and may require further diagnosis and treatment.
A lipid panel test measures several components that provide essential information about an individual's lipid levels. These components include:
These components are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood. Interpreting the results of each component can provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's lipid profile and help guide appropriate interventions or treatments to manage lipid levels effectively.
Before undergoing a lipid panel blood test, it is essential to follow certain guidelines to ensure accurate results. The preparation typically involves fasting for a specific period, usually between 9 to 12 hours, before the test. Fasting helps obtain a baseline measurement of lipid levels, as food intake can affect lipid values. It is important to follow the fasting requirements instructed by your healthcare provider. Additionally, inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking, as they may affect lipid levels and the accuracy of the test results. By properly preparing for the lipid panel blood test and following the instructions for fasting and medication use, you can ensure accurate and reliable results. Don't forget to bring a bandage with you to the appointment in case you need it after the blood draw.
Preparing for a lipid panel blood test involves a few steps to ensure accurate and reliable results. Here are some important steps to take before the test:
By following these steps, you can ensure that your lipid panel test provides accurate and reliable information about your lipid levels and overall cardiovascular health.
Deciphering your lipid panel results involves understanding the various components measured in the test and their significance in assessing cardiovascular health. The results of a lipid panel test typically include measurements of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, all of which are reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood. Interpreting the results involves comparing them to established reference ranges and understanding the optimal levels for each component, with the optimal level for each being measured in milligrams per deciliter of blood. Your healthcare provider will help you understand what your lipid panel results mean in the context of your overall health and any specific risk factors you may have for cardiovascular disease.
Understanding cholesterol and triglyceride levels is essential for interpreting the results of a lipid panel test. The liver produces cholesterol, which is a waxy substance that comes from dietary sources. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including hormone production and cell membrane formation. Triglycerides are another type of fat found in the blood that serves as a source of energy.
In a lipid panel test, total cholesterol is measured, which reflects the overall cholesterol level in the blood. LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, can accumulate in the arteries and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. HDL cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Triglycerides, another type of cholesterol, are also measured in the lipid panel test, and elevated levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Understanding the different types of cholesterol, including good cholesterol or HDL, and triglyceride levels is crucial for maintaining heart health.
Interpreting cholesterol and triglyceride levels involves comparing them to established reference ranges and understanding their implications for cardiovascular health.
Interpreting HDL, LDL, and VLDL ratios can provide additional insights into an individual's lipid profile and cardiovascular risk. The ratios are calculated based on the measured levels of HDL, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol. Here is an example of how the ratios can be calculated:
These ratios can provide additional insights into an individual's lipid profile and cardiovascular risk beyond the individual cholesterol and triglyceride measurements provided in a lipid panel test.
Abnormal lipid panel test results can indicate an increased risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL cholesterol can also be risk factors for heart disease. Understanding the significance of abnormal levels of cholesterol, including a diet low in saturated fat and simple carbohydrates and that has no more than 200 milligrams of cholesterol daily, is crucial in managing and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Further testing, lifestyle modifications, or medication may be necessary to address these abnormal levels.
If your lipid panel test results show abnormal lipid levels, it is important to be concerned and take appropriate action to manage your cardiovascular health. Here are some situations when you should be concerned about your results:
If you are concerned about your lipid panel test results, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider. They can provide further guidance and recommend appropriate interventions to manage your lipid levels and reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease.
Genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying medical conditions are just a few of the things that can cause abnormal lipid levels. Here are some potential causes of abnormal lipid levels:
It is important to discuss potential causes of abnormal lipid levels with your healthcare provider to determine the appropriate course of action for managing your lipid levels and reducing your risk of cardiovascular disease.
Making certain lifestyle changes can help manage and improve lipid levels, reducing the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Here are some key lifestyle changes that can make a significant impact:
By implementing these lifestyle changes, individuals can effectively manage their lipid levels and promote cardiovascular health.
In some cases, lifestyle changes alone may not be sufficient to manage abnormal lipid levels. In such instances, healthcare providers may prescribe medications to help regulate lipid levels. Here are some common medications and supplements used in lipid management:
It is important to discuss the use of medications and supplements with your healthcare provider to determine the appropriate course of treatment based on your specific lipid profile and overall cardiovascular health.
In conclusion, understanding your lipid panel test results is crucial for maintaining your heart health. By monitoring and interpreting your cholesterol and triglyceride levels, you can take proactive steps towards a healthier lifestyle. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, play a significant role in managing lipid levels. Regular screening, including a first test at a younger age if you have risk factors, and follow-up tests help track your progress and adjust your management plan accordingly. Remember, abnormal results may indicate underlying health issues that require attention. Stay informed, make informed choices, and prioritize your heart health for a better quality of life.
The American Heart Association recommends regular lipid panel testing every 4 to 6 years for healthy adults. However, the frequency may vary depending on individual risk factors, such as family history, obesity, or high cholesterol. Consult with your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.
Yes, children can undergo lipid panel blood tests, especially if they have risk factors for high cholesterol or a family history of cardiovascular disease. The test may be conducted as early as age 2, and follow-up testing may be recommended based on their individual health needs.
Lipid panel tests are generally safe and pose minimal risks. The most common risk is mild bruising or soreness at the puncture site. In rare cases, there may be a slight risk of infection or excessive bleeding. These risks are typically minimized when the test is performed by a trained healthcare professional.
Interpreting lipid panel test results without a doctor's guidance can be challenging. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional who can interpret the results in the context of your overall health, provide personalized recommendations, and address any concerns you may have.
Yes, lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight, can effectively improve lipid levels. These changes can lower LDL cholesterol levels, increase HDL cholesterol levels, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
The main difference between "good" and "bad" cholesterol lies in their effects on cardiovascular health. HDL cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol, or "bad" cholesterol, from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
This panel provides a baseline overview of your sex hormones, thyroid gland, adrenal function, metabolic function, cholesterol, prostate, and overall health. It includes:
This panel is often used to monitor men on TRT. LH and FSH are not included since they are usually very low or zero on testosterone replacement.
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Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This budget-friendly male hormone test uses trusted methods that are known to be the best for measuring hormones.
A man's general health is closely linked to the balance of his hormones. This balance is important for several things, like sexual development, performance, mental health, and overall wellness. A complete hormone test can help us take better care of our health. The Hormone Test Panel for Men from DiscountedLabs.com gives a clear picture of hormonal health. It uses testing methods that your healthcare provider relies on. This guide will review each part of the panel and explain why they are important for understanding men’s health.
Total testosterone levels are important for checking male hormones and overall health. A testosterone blood test can help find these levels, measuring the total amount of testosterone accurately. This test is done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). It gives a clear and accurate reading of testosterone levels. These levels affect fat distribution in the body. If the test shows abnormal testosterone levels, it may impact energy, muscle mass, mood, and sexual drive. Low levels of testosterone can cause issues like fatigue, depression, and less sexual interest. On the other hand, high levels might indicate other hormonal problems.
Free testosterone is the part of testosterone that is free and not attached to any proteins. It's important to know about free testosterone because it plays a big role in how our bodies function. Free testosterone blood test measures this crucial part as it directly affects our metabolism, muscle strength, bone density, and overall health. Total testosterone is different. Only free testosterone can truly influence how we feel and work in our bodies.
SHBG is a protein that connects with sex hormones such as testosterone and estradiol. Checking SHBG levels is key because it tells us how much testosterone is free in the body. When SHBG levels are high, free testosterone can go down. This may lead to symptoms of low testosterone, even with normal total testosterone levels. On the other hand, low SHBG levels might suggest there is too much testosterone available. This situation may need a check-up, which can include a testosterone test. A testosterone test can also examine other things, like sperm production.
Estradiol is a main type of estrogen that is very important for men’s health. It helps with heart health, bone strength, and mood. A special test called ultra-sensitive LC/MS-MS can accurately check your estradiol levels. If estradiol levels are too high, it can lead to problems like gynecomastia, which is enlarged breast tissue. On the other hand, if these levels are too low, it can cause lower bone strength and other health issues.
DHT is a strong type of testosterone. It has a key role in keeping the prostate healthy. It also helps with hair growth and sexual health. If DHT levels get too high, it can cause problems. These issues may include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hair loss. To find out if you need treatment for hair loss or prostate issues, testing DHT levels with LC/MS can be helpful.
Prolactin is a hormone that is important for reproductive health, sexual happiness, and fertility. If prolactin levels are high, it may indicate that the pituitary gland is not functioning properly. This can lead to a drop in testosterone production. As a result, some people might experience symptoms such as low libido and erectile dysfunction.
The adrenal glands make DHEA-S. This substance is useful for making other sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. Checking DHEA-S levels and cortisol levels is important because it tells us about the health of the adrenal glands. It also helps us understand how aging affects the body. Low levels of DHEA-S may cause tiredness, a weak immune system, and ongoing stress.
Balanced testosterone and other hormones are important for men's sexual health. A complete hormone test can help find hormone issues. This test checks for total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, and estradiol. It can reveal problems that impact sexual performance and fertility.
Hormone levels shift as men get older. This often leads to lower testosterone and DHEA-S levels. These changes can affect mental clarity, muscle mass, and how well your body uses energy. A hormone panel can track these changes. It can also help you create plans for healthy aging.
DHT is important for a healthy prostate and helps with hair growth. But high levels of DHT can cause problems with the prostate and lead to more hair loss. By keeping an eye on DHT levels, you can find the right treatments to balance them and stay healthy.
Hormones control many things in your body. This includes your mood, energy levels, and metabolism. If your hormones are unbalanced, you might feel tired or sad and you could gain weight. A complete hormone test can help identify these problems. With this knowledge, you can make changes or develop treatment plans to feel better.
DiscountedLabs.com uses clever techniques like LC/MS-MS to measure hormones accurately. This method is precise and can find low levels of hormones. It helps doctors make better decisions about diagnoses and treatment.
DiscountedLabs.com is all about offering affordable and quality hormone testing. Booking an appointment is simple. The tests are non-invasive, so they are more convenient for you.
Some symptoms of hormonal imbalance in men that may indicate the need for a male hormone test include:
1. Fatigue or decreased energy levels
2. Changes in libido or sexual function
3. Mood swings or irritability
4. Weight gain, especially around the abdomen
5. Muscle weakness or loss of muscle mass
6. Hair loss or thinning
7. Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
8. Insomnia or sleep disturbances
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms and suspect a hormonal imbalance, it may be beneficial to consult with a healthcare provider who can recommend appropriate testing and treatment options based on your individual needs and health history.
Discounted Labs sells a 7-hormone male hormone test panel for the affordable price of $295.
The Hormone Test Panel for Men helps you understand male hormone health through effective male hormone testing. It shows how testosterone, estradiol, and DHT influence your muscles, mood, and prostate. These factors matter for your hormone health. Each test in the panel provides helpful info about hormone testing and hormone therapy. It also includes sample collection to support your health choices. If you want to know more about aging, health issues, or ways to improve your life, this panel can be a key resource.
Take charge of your health today with a hormone test that uses the latest research. The information you receive can help you live a healthier and more balanced life.
Understanding Hypogonadism in Men
Landmark Study on Normal Testosterone Ranges Published
Hemoglobin A1c
The A1c test works by measuring the hemoglobin A1c level. Hemoglobin is stored in the red blood cells. When glucose levels are high, the sugar starts to combine with the hemoglobin. It takes the body 8 to 12 weeks to bring hemoglobin A1c levels back to normal. Therefore, if hemoglobin A1c levels are high, that means that there has been a high level of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months.
Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a herpes group virus that is ubiquitous. It leads to infectious mononucleosis and may play a role in the development of Burkitt lymphoma, some nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and a few rare genetic lymphoproliferative disorders. The EBV test looks for antibodies to early antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), and antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). This test is very important for people who do not have strong immune systems, like people who have had organ transplants.
A mono test, also known as an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody panel, is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies produced by the body in response to the Epstein-Barr virus. It is important because it helps diagnose mono and distinguish it from other illnesses with similar symptoms.
Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a herpes group virus that is ubiquitous. You can get infectious mononucleosis from it, and it may also play a part in the growth of Burkitt lymphoma, some nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and a few rare genetic lymphoproliferative disorders. There are different parts of the EBV test, which is also called the clinical trials for EBV. These include antibodies to early antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), and antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). Understanding the EBV antibody panel, also known as the mono test, is crucial in diagnosing and managing EBV-related conditions.
Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a herpes group virus that is ubiquitous. It leads to infectious mononucleosis and may play a role in the development of Burkitt lymphoma, some nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and a few rare genetic lymphoproliferative disorders. The EBV test, which is also called the arup test, looks for the EB virus in bodily fluids, especially saliva. It also looks for antibodies to early antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), and antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). This is done to help control disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the EBV test is crucial to understanding and controlling the spread of this common virus.
You can usually tell if someone has infectious mononucleosis by their symptoms, blood count, morphology, and an EBV test that shows they have heterophile antibody. However, up to 20% of people may be heterophile-negative at presentation, and the test may become positive after a few days. In some of these cases, a small blood sample for Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and clinical information may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis due to cytomegalovirus. The results of a mono test are either positive or negative. A positive test result indicates the presence of heterophile antibodies and a high level of a type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte. This result, along with a patient’s symptoms, is used to make a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. Many experts recommend using laboratory tests, such as a complete blood count, to confirm a diagnosis of mono. If you get a negative monospot test result but you continue to be sick with the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis, your doctor may want to do another test along with the EBV blood test.
The use of EBV serology in chronic fatigue syndrome is the most controversial. Long-lasting, crippling fatigue and a wide range of typically minor physical complaints characterize this condition, which primarily affects young to middle-aged women. Because most people have a lot of EBV antibodies, they stay around for a long time, and antibody levels do not always match up with symptoms, EBV serology cannot be used to diagnose, follow, or rule out chronic fatigue syndrome. However, with the development of reimbursement codes that favor the use of quantitative EA serology, the diagnosis of EBV reactivation can now be more accurately and efficiently determined through the use of the EBV Antibodies Panel.
Test Includes:
Immunoassay (IA)
U/mL | Interpretation
<36.00 | Negative
36.00-43.99 | Equivocal
>43.99 | Positive
<18.00 | Negative
18.00-21.99 | Equivocal
>21.99 | Positive
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a gamma herpes virus that occurs only in humans. Laboratory testing can help distinguish whether someone is susceptible to an EBV infection or has a recent or past infection.
Healthcare providers can perform an EBV test for antibodies to the following EBV-associated antigens:
The monospot test, also known as the heterophile antibody test or mononucleosis spot test, is a blood test used to diagnose mononucleosis, including rubella. It functions by locating heterophile antibodies, which the immune system produces in response to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These heterophil antibodies are crucial in identifying and confirming the presence of infectious mononucleosis as well as other diseases such as rubella. In most commercially available kits, a small amount of blood is placed in the sample collection window to perform the monospot test. The monospot test is a quick and easy way to diagnose mononucleosis and rubella, but it may not be accurate in all cases. False negatives can occur if the test is done too early in the illness, while false positives can occur if the patient has recently had another viral infection. Overall, the monospot test remains an important tool in diagnosing mononucleosis and helping patients receive appropriate treatment.
A mononucleosis (mono) test, also known as a throat culture, is a diagnostic test that helps to identify the presence of mononucleosis in the body, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The Epstein-Barr virus is a viral infection that causes mononucleosis, also known as "kissing disease." The symptoms of mononucleosis can last for several weeks and may include fever, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, muscle weakness, and a rash. During a physical exam, your doctor may look for signs such as swollen lymph nodes and tonsils to help diagnose mononucleosis. A mono test, which involves a simple blood draw, can be performed in a doctor's office or lab. The results of the test, including the throat culture, can help doctors determine if an individual has mononucleosis and what treatment options are available. Antibiotics don't work against viral infections, such as mono. Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet, and drinking plenty of fluids. You may take over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a fever or sore throat.
EBV antibody tests are not usually needed to diagnose infectious mononucleosis. However, some lab tests, such as EBV antibody testing and mononucleosis testing, might be necessary to determine what is wrong with people who do not have infectious mononucleosis or who have other illnesses that can result from EBV infection. Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis generally resolve within four weeks. If a person is ill for more than six months and does not have a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of EBV infection, other causes of chronic illness or chronic fatigue syndrome should be considered, including consulting a specialist in infectious diseases. There are different types of EBV antibodies that can be detected through these laboratory tests. If certain types of antibodies are found, it may mean you were infected recently with mono. Other types of EBV antibodies may mean you were infected in the past. Many experts recommend EBV antibody tests, mononucleosis testing, and a complete blood count to confirm a recent mono infection.
The interpretation of EBV antibody tests requires familiarity with these tests and access to the patient’s clinical information.
The interpretation of EBV antibody tests and the diagnosis of EBV infection is summarized as follows:
People are considered to have a primary EBV infection if they have anti-VCA IgM but do not have antibodies to EBNA. A high or rising level of anti-VCA IgG and no antibody to EBNA after at least four weeks of illness are also strong signs of a primary infection. Resolution of the illness may occur before the diagnostic antibody levels appear. In rare cases, people with active EBV infections may not have detectable EBV-specific antibodies.
Testing paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples is not useful to distinguish between recent and past EBV infections. In most cases, the antibody response occurs rapidly during the primary EBV infection. There are signs of infectious mononucleosis and the presence of IgG and IgM anti-VCA antibodies at the clinical presentation, and the antibody pattern is not stable before symptoms appear. This is why understanding the clinical significance and performance characteristics of EBV antibody profiles is crucial for accurate interpretation of test results.
This osteoporosis panel includes:
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. Bones that commonly break include the vertebrae in the spine, the bones of the forearm, and the hip. Until a broken bone occurs there are typically no symptoms. Bones may weaken to such a degree that a break may occur with minor stress or spontaneously. After the broken bone heals, the person may have chronic pain and a decreased ability to carry out normal activities.
Absolute fracture risk in individual subjects is calculated by the use of algorithms which include bone mineral density (BMD), age, gender, history of prior fracture and other risk factors. This review describes the laboratory investigations into osteoporosis which include serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and estradiol. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is measured in patients with abnormal serum calcium to determine its cause. Other laboratory investigations such as thyroid function testing, screening for multiple myeloma, and screening for Cushing's syndrome, are performed if indicated. Measurement of bone turnover markers (BTMs) is currently not included in algorithms for fracture risk calculations due to the lack of data.
Osteoporosis may be due to lower-than-normal maximum bone mass and greater-than-normal bone loss. Bone loss increases after menopause due to lower levels of estrogen. Osteoporosis may also occur due to a number of diseases or treatments, including alcoholism, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, and surgical removal of the ovaries. Certain medications increase the rate of bone loss, including some antiseizure medications, chemotherapy, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and glucocorticosteroids. Smoking, and too little exercise are also risk factors. Osteoporosis is defined as a bone density of 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young adult. This is typically measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
Hypogonadal (low testosterone) states can cause secondary osteoporosis. These include Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, anorexia nervosa, andropause, hypothalamic amenorrhea or hyperprolactinemia. In females, the effect of hypogonadism is mediated by estrogen deficiency. It can appear as early menopause (<45 years) or from prolonged premenopausal amenorrhea (>1 year). Bilateral oophorectomy (surgical removal of the ovaries) and premature ovarian failure cause deficient estrogen production. In males, testosterone deficiency is the cause (for example, andropause or after surgical removal of the testes).
Endocrine disorders that can induce bone loss include Cushing's syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus type 1 and acromegaly, and adrenal insufficiency.
Malnutrition, parenteral nutrition, and malabsorption can lead to osteoporosis. Nutritional and gastrointestinal disorders that can predispose to osteoporosis include undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease (both symptomatic and asymptomatic people), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, cystic fibrosis, surgery (after gastrectomy, intestinal bypass surgery or bowel resection) and severe liver disease (especially primary biliary cirrhosis). People with lactose intolerance or milk allergy may develop osteoporosis due to restrictions of calcium-containing foods. Individuals with bulimia can also develop osteoporosis. Those with an otherwise adequate calcium intake can develop osteoporosis due to the inability to absorb calcium and/or vitamin D. Other micronutrients such as vitamin K or vitamin B12 deficiency may also contribute.
Laboratory investigations in patients with osteoporosis are undertaken to rule out or to detect common causes of osteoporosis in order to treat them. Further targeted investigations may be performed if indicated by clinical presentation, or if the first line investigations are normal but the severity of osteoporosis is unusual for the age and gender. The following first-line measurements may be routinely indicated in the investigation of patients with osteoporosis:
Other More Detailed Tests Depending on Specific Conditions (Not included):
A full examination of blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) would be useful for general health and for inflammatory diseases which often increase bone loss. Serum protein electrophoresis and free light chains in older patients would be useful to exclude multiple myeloma which causes major bone loss. Other secondary causes such as thyrotoxicosis can be excluded with thyroid function tests, and in men hypogonadism is screened with a serum testosterone. In women, the diagnosis of menopause is made clinically and does not warrant estradiol measurement. If Cushing's syndrome is suggested clinically, then screening tests could be performed: 24 hr urine cortisol, midnight salivary cortisol or overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Rarer conditions, if suspected, could be specifically tested; e.g. celiac disease (which is commonly seen in people of European ancestry, but also in parts of Africa, the Middle East and South Asia) with tissue transglutaminase antibody (together with IgA) or systemic mastocytosis with serum tryptase and/or urine methyl histamine. BTMs are not routinely recommended for the assessment of osteoporosis for the reasons stated above. However, if treatment for osteoporosis is to be initiated and monitoring with BTMs is intended, baseline measurement of fasting morning s-CTX and/or s-PINP may be undertaken.
Current Recommendations for Laboratory Testing and Use of Bone Turnover Markers in Management of Osteoporosis. Ann Lab Med. 2012 Mar; 32(2): 105–112.
This PCOS lab test panel includes 19 separate tests and panels at the lowest price in the country:
Polycystic literally means "many cysts." In medical terms, it usually refers to a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormonal disorder commonly seen in women of childbearing age. The condition is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled cysts in the ovaries. PCOS can cause symptoms like irregular periods, weight gain, acne, and excessive hair growth. Women with PCOS may also experience infertility, diabetes, and heart disease later in life. The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but genetics and insulin resistance are considered contributing factors. PCOS is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical examination, and blood tests.
PCOS is one of the most recurrent hormonal disorders among women of all races. Recent medical statistics show that up to 10% of women worldwide suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome. In the United States, the last estimations show that women having PCOS hit 6 million cases.
PCOS is an endocrine condition characterized by metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. This syndrome may cause symptoms and complications for women, from acne, gaining weight, skin tags, anxiety, depression, irregular menstruations to infertility, cancer development, or cardiovascular diseases.
The endocrine system comprises a series of organs and glands that contribute to the production, secrete, and storage hormones. Naturally, women produce androgen hormones (male hormones) in small amounts so the body can work properly.
However, women having PCOS, meaning multiple cysts on the ovary, tend to produce higher amounts of androgen hormones, such as testosterone. This cyst growth leads to various health issues, many of them associated with the reproductive system.
Many women live without being diagnosed until complications or infertility issues arise. It is thought that PCOS may be inherited, and the possibility of developing this syndrome is 50% higher for women having a sister, mother, aunt, or grandmother with this syndrome.
If you are a woman at a reproductive age or want to know more about this so you can create awareness for the women in your life, keep reading and learn how to handle and treat this syndrome.
As previously mentioned, PCOS is a complex disorder, the symptoms associated with it are numerous and can be associated with other minor problems. This is one of the reasons there are still many cases undiagnosed yet, women living with this disorder untreated.
If you experience symptoms associated with this syndrome, the best you can do is to see a doctor. If you don't have an endocrinologist or gynecologist, contact your GP to get a referral. As soon as this health disorder is diagnosed, the more you'll reduce the risks of complications.
The most conclusive method to diagnose and monitor PCOS is a hormonal analysis which an endocrinologist usually recommends at different stages of your menstruation. It is paramount to follow your doctor's instructions regarding the timelines of testing.
Here is the most comprehensive panel that indicates the presence of PCOS and at the same help excluding other diagnoses.
It is a valuable test type to be considered when trying to diagnose PCOS. It was discovered that 70% of women with PCOS present abnormal lipid values. Low HDL, high triglycerides, or low-density lipoprotein were assessed.
|
Lipid panel tests |
Normal Values for Women |
|
Total cholesterol |
125-200 mg/dL |
|
LDL |
<100 mg/dL |
|
HDL |
50 mg/dL or > |
|
Triglycerides |
<150 mg/dL |
The complete blood count is a standard test to check your overall health condition. This test keeps track of the number of cells found in the blood composition: the platelets, white cells, and blood cells.
|
Complete blood count CBC |
Normal values for Women |
|
White blood cells |
4.500-11.000 cells/mcL |
|
Red blood cells |
4.1-5.1 million cells/mcL |
|
Hematocrit |
35.9% -44.6 % |
|
Hemoglobin |
12.3-15.3 gm/dL |
|
Platelets |
150.000- 450.000 platelets/mcL |
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel- As metabolic and reproductive abnormalities characterize PCOS, this test is highly recommended to assess organs such as kidneys, liver, and metabolic function.
It is an efficient way to identify the causes of general symptoms associated with different health conditions, such as fatigue.
The CMP comprises 14 indicators such as glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin.
The results of the tests should be evaluated together with your doctor considering your medical history and medication.
|
CMP panel |
Normal Values for Women |
|
Glucose |
70 to 99 mg/dL |
|
Calcium |
8.6-10.2 mg/dL |
|
Sodium |
136-145 mEq/L |
|
Potassium |
3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
|
Bicarbonate |
23-28 mEq/L |
|
Chloride |
98-106 mEq/L |
|
Blood Urea Nitrogen |
8-20 mg/dL |
|
Creatinine |
0.5-1.10 mg/dL |
|
Albumin |
3.5-5.5 g/dL |
|
Total protein |
5.5-9.0 g/dL |
|
Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) |
30-120 U/L |
|
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) |
10-40 U/L |
|
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) |
10-40 U/L |
|
Bilirubin |
0.3-1.0 mg/dL |
Nevertheless, for women, prolactin evaluation can help in diagnosing menstruation disorders, suspicions of pituitary tumors, and amenorrhea.
The normal value for a nonpregnant woman is < 25 ng/mL, while values are between 80-400 ng/mL for a pregnant woman.
The normal value of this test under fasting is between 0.8 – 3.85 ng/mL, while after meals, 3-9 ng/mL.
TSH levels need to be tested especially during menopause, menstruation, and at the moment of giving birth. These are moments when the TSH levels can be modified.
The normal values for this indicator are between 0.5 -5.0 mIU/L.
The normal value for this indicator is between 0.9-2.3 ng/dL.
The normal value for this indicator is between 2.3–4.2 pg/mL.
This hormone test it's one of the most important indicators in the evaluation of PCOS cases.
The normal value for nonpregnant women is between 18-144 nmol/L, while for pregnant women, this may be expected to rise. Too small amounts of this hormone may indicate PCOS.
The normal values for this indicator according to age are displayed below:
|
Age |
Normal values |
|
>20 years |
145-395 mcg/dL |
|
20-30 years |
65-380 mcg/dL |
|
30-40 years |
45-270 mcg/dL |
|
<40 |
32-240 mcg/dL |
Four types of estrogen impact a woman's life over her years: estrone, estradiol, estriol, estetrol. The most active estrogen type is estradiol. Over time, as menopause approaches, the values will be lower and fluctuant.
|
Menstrual cycle |
Normal values |
|
Follicular |
98 – 571 pmol/L |
|
Mid-cycle |
177 – 1153 pmol/L |
|
Luteal |
122 – 1094 pmol/L |
|
Postmenopause |
<183 pmol/L |
|
Menstrual cycle |
Normal values |
|
Follicular |
3.5 – 12.5 IU/L |
|
Mid-cycle |
4.7 – 21.5 IU/L |
|
Luteal |
1.7 – 7.7 IU/L |
|
Postmenopause |
25.8 – 134.8 IU/L |
The normal value for this indicator is generally accepted between 2-20 mIU/mL.
|
Values |
Status |
|
<5.7 % |
Normal, no diabet |
|
5.7% - 6.4 % |
Prediabetes |
|
6.5% or < |
Diabetes |
|
Menstrual cycle phase |
Normal values |
|
follicular phase |
1.9 to 12.5 IU/L |
|
mid- cycle |
8.7 to 76.3 IU/L |
|
luteal phase |
0.5 to 16.9 IU/L |
|
pregnancy |
less than 1.5 IU/L |
|
postmenopause |
15.9 to 54.0 IU/L |
The normal value for this indicator should be between 5-20 ng/mL.
The normal values are considered to be less than 200 ng/dL.
Normal testosterone levels for women between 18- 70 years old are considered to be between 0.5 to 2.4 nmol/L.
The normal values for an adult woman are between 20-80 ng/mL.
Leaving PCOS untreated may quickly degenerate to other serious conditions that can potentially damage your quality of life. Numerous women are facing:
PCOS can be treated by having the proper treatment and some lifestyle changes. The treatment should be developed by a specialist like an endocrinologist or gynecologist. Also, it is recommended to ask for help from a dietitian and a physiotherapist.
Hormones influence our overall health, appearance, and mental state. Prevention is the key to maintaining a healthy life. Doctors recommend at least a visit a year to a gynecologist and an endocrinologist.
Make sure you are one step ahead of any issue and order your PCOS hormonal panel to give you a full-length evaluation of your health. Go to DiscountedLabs.com and order your test today from the comfort of your home.
This panel is popular among men who are on testosterone therapy since it offers substantial savings over ordering each of these tests separately. NOTE: Fasting is required for this panel since it includes lipids and CMP. Tests included are:
Complete Blood Count (CBC) w/ Differential: Hematocrit; hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); red cell distribution width (RDW); percentage and absolute differential counts; platelet count; red cell count; white blood cell count; immature granulocytes
Comprehensive Metabolic Profile (CMP) ( includes eGFR ): A:G ratio; albumin, serum; alkaline phosphatase, serum; ALT (SGPT); AST (SGOT); bilirubin, total; BUN; BUN:creatinine ratio; calcium, serum; carbon dioxide, total; chloride, serum; creatinine, serum; globulin, total; glucose, serum; potassium, serum; protein, total, serum; sodium, serum; eGFR
Estradiol Ultra-Sensitive, LC/MS (most accurate estradiol test in men)
Testosterone, Free, Equilibrium Ultrafiltration With Total Testosterone, LC/MS
Prolactin
Lipids (Triglycerides, LDL and HDL)
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
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Go to "Choose a Test" and add your selection (s) in the shopping cart. If you prefer to save money on bundled tests, we have created "Lab Test Panels" that can help you decide what to order.
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Print lab request form that you downloaded.
Take that form to the closest Quest Diagnostics location with a picture ID. Get your blood drawn.
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This PCT after cycle panel checks the health and recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA) after trying to normalize it naturally or with PCT. For men who stop taking testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or other androgens, some doctors prescribe PCT. Fasting is required for the CMP (glucose test).
A PCT cycle, or post-cycle therapy cycle, is what bodybuilders and athletes do after a steroid cycle. The goal of a PCT cycle is to stimulate natural hormone production and get the body back to normal after it’s been suppressed by steroids. This is done with various medications that help regulate hormone levels and prevent side effects like gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue in men) and infertility. It’s crucial to follow a proper post-cycle therapy protocol to ensure optimal recovery and minimize long-term health risks of steroid use, including preserving muscle mass, strength gains, and kickstarting endogenous testosterone production. Nutrition plays a big role during post-cycle therapy; a diet rich in nutrients can support hormonal balance and overall health. Proper protein intake is necessary to preserve muscle mass, while a balanced intake of carbs and healthy fats will support overall energy and metabolic health.
The Post-PCT Panel is a set of tests that checks the health and recovery of your hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA) after a steroid cycle. Whether you normalized naturally or used PCT, this panel will give you the metrics you need to know your hormonal balance.
PCT is what you do after a cycle of performance-enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids. While these substances can give you impressive gains, they come with a downside—low testosterone and overall health. Here’s the science:
The Steroid Effect: Anabolic steroids flood your system with high levels of artificial testosterone. When you stop, your natural testosterone production takes a hit and you’ll experience various physical symptoms.
The Recovery Phase: Your body will try to reboot its testosterone production naturally. But getting back to hormonal balance can take a long time.
PCT’s Role: PCT aims to get you back to hormonal balance by stimulating natural testosterone production. But PCT is still not scientifically proven.
The Post-PCT Panel checks:
Testosterone Balance: Supplemental testosterone can suppress your body’s natural production and affect Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Sperm Quality: LH suppression also affects Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) which is important for sperm production.
Take this panel at least 4 weeks post-PCT and preferably in a fasting state in the morning.
The Post-PCT Panel includes:
Ultra Sensitive Estradiol (E2) by LC/MS: For men.
Total and Free Testosterone LC/MS: No upper limit restrictions. You need to monitor your natural testosterone levels to ensure they bounce back after a cycle.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): For testosterone production.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): For sperm production.
CBC - Complete Blood Count: Includes hematocrit.
CMP - Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: Liver and kidney functions, glucose levels, electrolytes. Fasting required for glucose test.
Testosterone production is the foundation of overall health and well-being, especially for those who use anabolic steroids. This hormone is responsible for developing primary and secondary sexual characteristics and regulating various bodily functions such as energy levels, muscle mass, sex drive and confidence. When testosterone levels drop, it can greatly affect your health and quality of life, causing decreased physical performance, mood swings, low sex drive and even depression.
For those who use anabolic steroids or prohormones, natural testosterone production is key. Post-cycle therapy (PCT) is the key to getting your body back to hormonal balance after a steroid cycle. By stimulating natural testosterone production, PCT counteracts the negative effects of anabolic steroids and reduces the risk of adverse health outcomes and overall well-being.
Post-cycle therapies come in various forms: medications, supplements, and natural methods. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) like Clomid and Nolvadex are used in PCT to regulate post-cycle estrogen production and mitigate its side effects. Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) like Aromasin are used to prevent testosterone from converting to estrogen and create a more balanced hormonal environment.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is another key medication in PCT that stimulates the testicles to produce natural testosterone. Sometimes HCG is used with SERMs and AIs to make it more effective and to cover all aspects of hormonal recovery.
Besides medications, supplements like phosphatidylserine and acetyl-l-carnitine can help lower cortisol and prevent catabolism. A well-structured diet and exercise routine are also important to maintain muscle mass and get back to hormonal balance, so they are part of an effective PCT plan.
Taking PCT medications correctly is key to restoring natural testosterone production and minimizing side effects. Each PCT protocol is different for each individual so consult a doctor before starting any medication or supplement regimen.
A typical PCT protocol would be HCG, SERMs, and AIs. For example:
HCG 1000iu every other day for 2 weeks.
Nolvadex 40mg daily for 2 weeks and 20mg daily for weeks 3-6.
Follow the instructions and adjust as needed to get the best results and a smooth recovery.
A well-structured diet and exercise routine are key to maintaining muscle mass and getting back to hormonal balance during PCT. A diet rich in protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates will support testosterone production and overall health.
Supplements like testosterone boosters, estrogen blockers, and cortisol reducers can make PCT more effective. But make sure to choose safe and effective supplements and consult a doctor before adding new supplements to your regimen. This way, you’re taking the right steps to support your body’s recovery and maintain your muscle gains.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) or exogenous testosterone has been the go-to option for many health professionals to get bigger muscles and more muscle mass. But this comes at a high price: severe health problems, from heart problems and psychological issues to death. AAS abuse or steroid abuse disrupts the natural testosterone production and leaves individuals with debilitating conditions like extreme fatigue, depression, insomnia, and loss of sexual function. For some, it can lead to suicidal thoughts. Testicular atrophy, which means the testicles shrink, is one of the physical effects of using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). This can make it harder to get pregnant and cause hormonal imbalances. The effect of AAS on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis through exogenous administration of testosterone is a concern for users and health professionals. AAS suppresses the endogenous production of testosterone (Pope and Brower, 2005; Reyes-Fuentes and Veldhuis, 1993). Many AAS users resume endogenous production of testosterone after AAS use (Kanayama et al.).
Stopping AAS can cause these problems but there is no medical protocol to reverse the health problems of chronic HPT suppression during the transition period. Some men do it on their own and use self-administered post-cycle therapy (PCT) with drugs like hCG, SERM and AI to try to regulate their hormone levels and get their body to produce healthy testosterone again.
A clinical audit from a Scottish addiction service clinic gives us new information on what happens when you stop AAS, how PCT can improve performance and the level of visible body muscularity. The study looked at 613 men who stopped AAS use between 2015 and 2022. Researchers found that a large majority (76%) of these men used PCT, including growth hormone. The results were promising—men who did PCT had a significant increase in their testosterone levels, suggesting a quicker and more likely return to normal hormonal function. PIED consumers who access GPs may also be using polysubstances, but the temporal order of this is still unclear. This study shows how important PCT is in giving AAS users the right information, like how to inject, how effective the substance is, dosage, side effects, and the amount of muscle in the body. Steroids were seen as easier to access than PCT so participants tended to continue using steroids rather than taper down their use and that’s a health concern. Interested participants were asked to contact one of the clinics to find out more about the study and how they can be part of it.
The study shows that PCT can increase the chances of the body producing testosterone naturally. Men who used less AAS for a shorter period and who were off AAS for a longer duration were more likely to see their reproductive hormones return to normal when they did PCT. Cortisol management is also important in PCT as it will lower cortisol levels in the body and prevent catabolism, which is the breakdown of body tissues and compounds.
The importance of PCT as part of PIED use goes beyond physical recovery; it’s part of a broader harm reduction strategy for PIED users, especially with mental health considerations. PCT stands for post-cycle therapy. PIED users call the period when they are using PIEDs as “on-cycle” and the period when they are not using PIEDs as “off-cycle” (Hildebrandt, Langenbucher, Lai, Loeb, & Hollander, 2011). PCT is one of the strategies PIED users use to minimize the negative health effects of PIED use both during and after use (see Adair (2015) for non-PCT strategies). This study from Scotland aims to add to the existing literature and make a big leap forward in developing treatment for men who want to stop AAS use. This study adds to the body of research that shows PCT as part of PIED use is a harm reduction measure that allows PIED users to taper off or stop steroids or deal with the negative health effects of their use, especially those related to mental health. More research on PCT use in this population is needed.
Recovering from AAS use can be tough for some users. But with PCT emerging from studies like this one from Scotland, there is hope for those who are suffering from steroid withdrawal. Many AAS users look for substances to use post-cycle to fix the problems that arise when endogenous testosterone production resumes after exogenous AAS use. Stopping AAS use is a crucial step in the recovery process, as many AAS users resume endogenous testosterone production after they stop using steroids (Kanayama et al.). It’s a conversation we need to have more, more research and an integrative approach to health and wellness.
If you’re PCTing or planning to PCT, consult a doctor. Self-medicating is not safe.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
The Pre-TRT Male Hormone/Wellness Panel is a comprehensive diagnostic tool designed to provide an in-depth evaluation of male hormonal health, particularly for those considering testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). This panel offers a meticulous assessment of key health indicators, ensuring a thorough understanding of your body's hormonal and metabolic status.
Key Components of the Panel:
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): These pituitary hormones are crucial for stimulating testicular function. Measuring their levels helps in diagnosing primary (testicular) or secondary (pituitary) hypogonadism, providing insight into the underlying causes of testosterone deficiency.
Total and Free Testosterone: Utilizing the precise Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) assay, this test accurately measures both total and free testosterone levels without upper limit restrictions, offering a clear picture of your androgen status.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Monitoring PSA levels is essential for assessing prostate health. Elevated PSA can be a contraindication for TRT, making this test vital for safe therapy initiation.
Ultra-Sensitive Estradiol: Also measured via LC/MS assay, this test evaluates estradiol levels, ensuring they are within optimal ranges, as imbalances can affect various aspects of health.
Lipid Profile: Assessing LDL, HDL, and triglycerides provides insight into cardiovascular health, which is important when considering hormone therapies.
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): This panel examines glucose levels, electrolytes, and liver and kidney functions, offering a broad overview of metabolic health. Fasting is required for accurate glucose measurement.
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Evaluating immune cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels helps detect conditions like anemia or polycythemia, which can influence treatment decisions.
By encompassing these critical tests, the Pre-TRT Male Hormone/Wellness Panel delivers a detailed and reliable assessment of your hormonal and overall health. This thorough evaluation aids in informed decision-making regarding TRT, ensuring that therapy is both appropriate and safe.
For those seeking a meticulous and precise understanding of their hormonal health, this panel stands as an invaluable resource, offering clarity and confidence in your health management journey.
Preop labs are a series of tests conducted before surgery to assess a patient's overall health, identify any preexisting conditions, and determine the risk of complications during and after surgery. These labs are crucial in ensuring the safety and success of the surgical procedure.
Nobody likes to do surgery, but, in some cases, this type of medical procedure is necessary to save your life. Whether it's a complicated operation such as a heart transplant or a simple one such as removing your appendix, it's important to ensure the coagulation ability of your body. Coagulation happens when blood clots are formed to close up wounds and prevent excessive bleeding.
If your body cannot heal cuts successfully, you might experience a lot of health problems after your surgery. This is where pre-op tests come into play. The Prothrombin and Partial Thromboplastin Times are two tests that look at your body's coagulation ability, which is important for preventing excessive bleeding during and after surgery, including the CBC (Complete Blood Count) test. Additionally, an electrolyte panel, also known as a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), is often conducted to assess the balance of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the body, as well as a urinalysis to check for any potential kidney issues. An ECG (electrocardiogram) is also typically performed to check the heart's function and identify any potential issues that may affect the surgery. These tests are necessary to ensure that a person is healthy enough to undergo surgery and to identify any potential complications that may arise during or after the procedure, including blood sugar levels for diabetics, white blood cell count, and hematocrit levels. Keep reading to learn more about the importance of blood sugar in pre-op testing and how it can affect surgery and recovery.
Your liver produces thrombin, a protein that aids in the coagulation process. It is transformed into active thrombin when your blood starts to coagulate. A prothrombin time test is useful to see how quickly your blood coagulates. If the prothrombin time is too long, this means that your body encounters difficulties when healing wounds and cuts.
At the same time, prothrombin needs to be monitored in patients who take blood-thinning medications such as warfarin. This type of medication is administered to people who have a severe coagulation disorder. If your prothrombin time is normal, your body is likely to heal up quickly after surgery, and you have nothing to be worried about.
As part of your pre-operation tests, you need to do a prothrombin time test and a partial thromboplastin time test. Both tests are required to check your body's coagulation ability, specifically the effectiveness of heparin if it is being administered. The results usually get back to you in just a few business days, and you can interpret them based on reference values you can find online. Your primary healthcare provider will also help you interpret these results.
For example, if both your Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time are prolonged, this usually means that your body lacks important coagulation factors such as I, II, V or X. This can be caused by various health conditions, including serious liver disease. Alternatively, these times can be prolonged because of disseminated coagulation factors in the blood.
If the prothrombin time is prolonged but the partial thromboplastin time is normal, this usually means that your body lacks coagulation factor VII. A lack of vitamin K, severe liver disease, and other medical conditions are all potential causes of this.
In some cases, your prothrombin time might be normal, but your partial thromboplastin time might be prolonged. This means that your body has insufficient VIII, IX, and X coagulation factors, and your wounds will not heal properly. Willebrand disease, lupus anticoagulant, and other issues can cause such a health condition.
Finally, you can also be lucky and have normal coagulation times for your prothrombin and partial thromboplastin. In this case, you benefit from normal coagulation abilities, and your wounds will heal quickly after surgery. Mild deficiencies in coagulation factors might be present in your blood, but they are usually insignificant and don't affect the healing process.
Bleeding disorders are health conditions in which your body bleeds very easily. For example, you might have bleeding gums, heavy menstrual periods, nosebleeds, or experience blood in your stool and urine. These symptoms are not normal, and they usually signify that your blood doesn't have enough clotting factors or doesn't work properly.
For example, prothrombin and other similar substances known as platelets accumulate in places where you have been cut or injured. This is an automatic process that helps to close the wound and prevent infection. A person with a bleeding disorder might not heal up properly, and this can be dangerous.
Different health problems can cause bleeding disorders. For example, serious liver disease or a vitamin K deficiency can cause a bleeding disorder. Some conditions are inherited, such as hemophilia. A deficiency in coagulation factors is the root cause of this condition. It can also affect the internal organs, muscles, and joints.
Blood thinners can also be the cause of bleeding disorders. If you take blood-thinning medication, it's important to do a prothrombin time test to monitor your body's coagulation ability. Fortunately, prothrombin time tests are affordable, and you can easily order them online from reputable vendors.
In rare cases, you might experience certain symptoms of coagulation disorders. It's important to pay attention to these symptoms because they signal your body's reduced ability to heal cuts and injuries. For example, extreme fatigue and blood in the urine or stool might mean that your body lacks key coagulation factors or you're struggling with a more serious health problem.
At the same time, if you bruise easily and cuts or scratches don't heal up quickly, this could also be a sign of a severe coagulation disorder. In some cases, nosebleeds that have no apparent cause accompany these symptoms. You might be dealing with diabetes, autoimmune disorders, or a health problem that limits your body's natural coagulation ability.
Finally, some people also experience sudden pain or warmth in their joints or muscles. A coagulation disorder that results in internal bleeding can also be the cause of this. Double vision or even frequent vomiting may accompany this in some cases. You shouldn't ignore these symptoms, because internal bleeding is never a good sign. Your body is struggling with impaired clotting ability, and you should do something about it as soon as possible.
Ensuring that your blood coagulates well before doing surgery is vital for the success of your operation. These two tests are very important, and you can now order them online without asking your doctor first.
Go to DiscountedLabs.com today and get your pre-operation blood tests at an affordable price. These blood labs are accurate; they can be done before any surgery, and you usually get the results back by email in just a few business days.
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Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR): MedlinePlus Medical Test
A prolactin blood test helps doctors find out about sexual problems or low testosterone levels without a clear cause. This applies to both men and women.
Doctors use a blood test to check prolactin levels. This test can help find sexual problems or low testosterone in both men and women. Sometimes, the reasons for these issues are not clear.
Prolactin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland. It helps women produce milk, but it does other important things, too. Prolactin is involved in how our immune system works and also plays a role in the central nervous system. It helps form a covering on nerves called myelin. Plus, it increases LH receptors on Leydig cells in the testis, which aids in producing testosterone.
Prolactin is a hormone made in the pituitary gland. It helps women produce milk. It also does several other important jobs. Prolactin helps the immune system and helps cover nerves with myelin. It boosts LH receptors found on Leydig cells in the testes, which helps with testosterone production.
Prolactin levels are most high during REM sleep and in the morning. These levels can also increase after exercise, when you eat, during sex, after small surgeries or during seizures.
The pituitary glands in both men and women produce a hormone known as prolactin. In women, prolactin is important for breastfeeding, developing some breast tissue, and helping with milk production. However, high levels of prolactin can seriously affect how men perform sexually. This article will look at how raised prolactin levels impact male sexual performance. It will also explain what the ideal prolactin range is and what the highest levels can be.
Prolactin levels in men usually range from 2 to 18 ng/mL. These normal value ranges can change based on the different laboratories conducting the lab report test. Prolactin levels can also change during the day and can be higher during certain activities like exercise. Nonpregnant women often have higher levels than men. For males, the normal range for prolactin in the blood is still 2 to 18 ng/mL. However, pregnant women may have much higher levels, ranging from 80 to 400 ng/mL.
His doctor may suggest a prolactin blood test if he has signs of high prolactin levels. These signs could be issues like sexual problems. If the man has low sexual desire or finds it hard to get an erection (erectile dysfunction), he may need more tests. These tests can help find out the cause of abnormal nipple discharge and why he has abnormal nipple discharge along with high prolactin levels. Sometimes, treatment is needed to lower these levels, especially if there are large amounts of prolactin, and make sexual function better. This could mean taking medicine that reduces prolactin or having surgery to remove tumors like a prolactinoma. A blood test can also check if a man’s testosterone levels are low or if a prolactinoma is causing high prolactin levels. A prolactin test is usually done when there seems to be a pituitary gland problem, especially if he has low sexual desire or erectile dysfunction. Prolactin levels can be tested when testosterone levels are low.
In conclusion, high prolactin levels can heavily influence how men feel about sex. When prolactin is too high, it can lower testosterone and other hormones that are key for sexual desire and function. Normal prolactin levels can differ by lab, but they usually fall between 2 and 18 ng/mL for men. If a man has signs of high prolactin levels, a doctor might recommend a blood test to check these levels and figure out what could be causing the issue.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the level of prolactin in the blood can increase by 10 to 20 times. Strenuous exercise, stress, and not getting enough sleep can also briefly raise prolactin levels, especially during emotional stress. If prolactin levels remain high (more than 30 ng/mL) and a person is not pregnant or breastfeeding, it could mean they have hyperprolactinemia.
Several conditions may cause high prolactin levels. These include:
A damaged pituitary gland may not make normal amounts of prolactin, leading to lower levels. Some medications, especially many antidepressants, can also raise the level of prolactin too high. Hyperprolactinemia can cause problems like galactorrhea, missed periods, and infertility in women. In men, it can result in impotence and low testosterone. Kidney disease, hypothyroidism, renal failure, and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas are common reasons for having high prolactin levels.
Adult Males | 2.0-18.0 ng/mL
Adult Females
Non-Pregnant | 3.0-30.0 ng/mL
Pregnant | 10.0-209.0 ng/mL
Postmenopausal | 2.0-20.0 ng/mL
Prolactin is a hormone that plays a key role in milk production and breastfeeding, stimulating breast development. It helps the mammary glands in the breasts to produce milk. A woman's level of the hormone prolactin rises a lot during pregnancy, making it especially important for pregnant people. This change readies her body for breastfeeding. After she gives birth, breastfeeding keeps the levels of prolactin high. This aids in making milk and maintains a good milk supply. A blood test for prolactin may be suggested for those who struggle with breastfeeding. Low levels of prolactin can impact milk production.
Hyperprolactinemia means having high prolactin levels in men. This can occur because of various health problems, medications, and changes in the body. Here are the main reasons:
Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not function properly. When this happens, it can lead to high levels of prolactin. This occurs because the body makes more thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The extra TRH then causes the body to release more prolactin.
Chronic kidney disease can make it tough for the body to get rid of prolactin in the blood. This can lead to higher levels of prolactin.
Liver Disease: Liver failure can affect prolactin levels. This change happens because the liver struggles to break down and get rid of the hormone.
Women are more likely than men to have high prolactin levels. This is called hyperprolactinemia. However, several factors can impact both men and women. These factors include pituitary tumors, certain prescription drugs, and some medications for high blood pressure.
Men with high levels of prolactin may face several sexual problems. These problems can include decreased sperm production, erectile dysfunction, and a low sex drive. Additionally, liver disease, like cirrhosis, can also raise levels of prolactin in both men and women.
High levels of prolactin are a significant problem that result in low testosterone production. Testosterone is very important for men’s sexual desire and ability to perform. When prolactin levels are very high, it can stop the production of testosterone. This leads to lower sexual desire. It also affects how well a man can maintain an erection. In men, high levels of prolactin can cause reduced sex drive and erectile dysfunction (ED). This condition is also known as impotence. It means a man can't get or keep an erection.
High prolactin levels can cause problems with other hormones that are important for sexual health. They can lower testosterone production as well. For instance, too much prolactin can block the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones are essential for keeping testosterone levels stable and ensuring good sperm health in men.
High prolactin levels can reduce testosterone. This can cause issues with sexual function.
Higher levels of prolactin are connected to tumors found in the lungs, pituitary gland, and kidneys. Doctors might look at prolactin levels to help find out more about sexual problems in both men and women when there is no clear reason for them.
Drugs, supplements, and health issues like pituitary adenomas can affect the levels of prolactin in the blood. Some factors that can change these levels include hypothyroidism, antiepileptic drugs, antidepressants, estrogen, opiates, diuretics, certain growth hormone-releasing peptides, and arginine.
Hyperprolactinemia occurs when levels of prolactin are higher than 50 ng/dL. This condition is mainly due to tumors in the anterior pituitary gland called prolactinomas. High levels of prolactin are more common than low levels. Prolactinomas can change how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together. When prolactin levels are high, they can reduce the release of GnRH. GnRH is important because it helps the pituitary gland produce Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). A drop in these hormones can lead to low testosterone and reduced sperm production. In men, this can result in problems like impotence. A sign of prolactinomas in men is unusual lactation. This means their breast tissue can make small amounts of milk when their prolactin levels are high.
Modest levels of prolactin elevation, which are between 25 and 50 ng/mL, can be linked to several health problems. Conditions like primary hypothyroidism and kidney disease often cause these higher levels of prolactin. This occurs because the body processes or gets rid of prolactin differently. Before assuming a tumor is the cause of the increased prolactin, it’s important to check for all other possible reasons.
Some medicines can increase the amount of prolactin in men's blood. You can find more information in the table. (From Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Oct; 3(5): 929–951.)
Prolactinomas are tumors that can be either small or large. They are called microadenomas when they are less than 10 mm and macroadenomas when they are over 10 mm. A very high prolactin level, which is more than 50 ng/mL, usually indicates there is a pituitary tumor present. Bigger tumors generally cause higher levels of prolactin. Research shows that a pituitary tumor larger than 10 mm is often connected to a significant rise in prolactin levels in the blood. This indicates it is likely a macroprolactinoma. However, sometimes a normal or low prolactin level can occur. To check for the presence of a prolactinoma, an imaging test like an MRI test is needed.
Other kinds of tumors in the pituitary gland can release thyroid-stimulating hormone or growth hormone. This can cause high levels of prolactin. If your prolactin levels are high, your doctor may recommend more tests. These tests will help determine the cause and the best treatment for you.
Low prolactin levels in the blood can lead to sexual problems and other health issues. Prolactin helps with the immune system and keeps the heart muscle strong. This is why it is important to have healthy prolactin levels.
Men who are not getting testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and have low testosterone levels (T level <150 ng/dL) should be tested for low levels of LH. If these men have low LH, a prolactin test should be done to see if there is a problem with the pituitary gland. If a problem is thought to be present, these men will undergo an MRI.
Men who take testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may still have problems with erectile dysfunction after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment. This is true even if their testosterone levels are above 500 ng/dL and free testosterone is more than 2 percent of total testosterone. Prolactin testing is not done often in initial lab tests. This is because it can be costly, and only about 5 percent of men have high prolactin levels. So, many feel it is not worth the expense. However, if a man's total testosterone is very low or if TRT does not improve erectile dysfunction, then checking prolactin levels might be a good idea.
Prolactin levels can vary with time. Factors like stress, some medications, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and exercise can cause short-term changes in these levels. If your doctor asks you to track your prolactin levels, they will specify how often to check them based on your needs. Sometimes, you need to monitor them regularly. This helps to see how prolactin levels change or to find out if treatment for problems related to abnormal prolactin levels is working. It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and discuss any worries or questions you have about prolactin testing.
It depends on which test you are talking about. Some medical tests need you to fast, while others do not. Fasting is often important for getting accurate results. Certain foods and drinks can change the results. It is wise to talk to your doctor or the place where you will take the test. They can let you know if there are specific rules for eating or if you need to fast. They will give you the correct instructions to prepare for the test.
There are several reasons why a doctor may want you to take a prolactin blood test. This test checks how much prolactin is in your blood. The pituitary gland, a tiny gland at the base of the brain, produces prolactin, a hormone that is crucial for milk production in breastfeeding women. Yet, symptoms of high prolactin levels can signal other health conditions. Some common reasons for this blood test include:
The pituitary gland helps produce and control prolactin. If there are issues or tumors in the pituitary gland, it can lead to the production of too much prolactin.
Galactorrhea happens when a person produces breast milk, even if they are not pregnant or nursing. This can occur due to high levels of prolactin in the body.
Monitoring how well the treatment is working is very important. If someone has hyperprolactinemia, their levels of prolactin are too high. They may need regular tests to check if the treatment is effective. These tests also help see if their levels are back to a normal range.
A blood test for prolactin alone won't provide a clear diagnosis. But it can suggest the need for additional tests and treatments if necessary. It is important to discuss this with your healthcare provider.
[1] What Causes High Prolactin Levels in Men?
[2] Hyperprolactinaemia: Physiological Aspects
[3] Hyperprolactinemia: Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation
[4] Prolactinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
[5] Prolactin Test
[6] Prolactin: Man’s Friend or Foe?
[7] Hyperprolactinemia and Implications for Women's Health
[8] Galactorrhea: Symptoms and Causes
[9] What Are the Side Effects of High Prolactin Levels?
[10] Diagnosis and Management of Hyperprolactinemia
[11] Hyperprolactinaemia
[12] Pituitary Tumors: Symptoms and Causes
[13] Hyperprolactinemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
[14] Hyperprolactinemia and Prolactinomas
[15] Galactorrhea: Diagnosis and Treatment
[16] Hyperprolactinemia (Prolactin Levels)
[17] Hyperprolactinemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
[19] High Prolactin Levels and Prolactinomas: Beyond the Basics
Doctors usually require this test before surgeries to ensure someone can coagulate properly during an operation.
Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times - PT/INR: A screening test for abnormalities of coagulation factors that are involved in the extrinsic pathway. Also used to monitor the effects of Warfarin therapy and to study patients with hereditary and acquired clotting disorders.
The PT and PTT Blood Tests are helpful in the diagnosis of excessive, unexplained bleeding in patients who are not taking blood-thinning medications. These bleeding disorders include nosebleeds, bruising, heavy menstrual periods, blood in the stool and/or urine, and bleeding gums. The tests are sometimes ordered for patients before surgery to ensure normal clotting ability.
A “prolonged” result means a blood clot takes longer than normal to form. There are a variety of causes for this, including coagulation/clotting factor deficiency/dysfunction, vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, inhibition by specific antibodies, and others. The general interpretation of PT & PTT Blood Test results can be summarized as follows:
PT prolonged, PTT prolonged: Dysfunctional or insufficient coagulation factor I, II, V, or X; acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (abnormal activation of coagulation factors); severe liver disease.
PT prolonged, PTT normal: Dysfunctional or insufficient coagulation factor VII, chronic low-grade DIC, insufficient vitamin K, liver disease, warfarin (anticoagulant) therapy.
PT normal, PTT prolonged: Dysfunctional or insufficient coagulation factor VIII, IX, or XI; severe von Willebrand disease (hereditary bleeding disorder); the presence of lupus anticoagulant.
PT normal, PTT normal or slightly prolonged: Normal clotting ability, mild deficiencies in other coagulation factors, a mild form of von Willebrand disease.
Are you familiar with the terms INR and PTT? If not, don't worry. This essential guide will walk you through everything you need to know about mastering Prothrombin. We've got you covered, from understanding why these tests are necessary and when to get them done to the preparation required and the interpretation of the test results. We'll also answer common questions like whether you can do this test at home, what food and medications can affect the results, and more. Additionally, we'll provide information on related tests and sources for further reading. Stay tuned as we delve into this important aspect of healthcare and show you how to buy an affordable INR and PTT test on DiscountedLabs.com.
Measurements of blood clotting ability rely on tests like prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). These tests are particularly important for patients taking anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin. Monitoring PT and INR values helps determine the appropriate anticoagulant dosage and evaluate the risk of bleeding or clotting. Another vital test, the partial thromboplastin time (PTT), assesses a different aspect of the clotting process. Healthcare professionals involved in managing patients with coagulation disorders or undergoing anticoagulant therapy must understand and interpret PT, INR, and PTT results effectively.
Regular testing for PT and INR is crucial for individuals on blood-thinning medications like warfarin. It helps monitor blood clotting, assess medication effectiveness, and reduce the risk of complications. Especially important for those with conditions like atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis. Testing also gives healthcare professionals a specimen to analyze and make informed decisions regarding the patient's treatment plan. Physicians also order the PTT test for patients scheduled for surgery to ensure that the patient has not clotting issues that could endanger him or her during the operation.
If you are taking anticoagulant medication or have a bleeding disorder, getting tested for INR and PTT is important. Your healthcare provider will determine the frequency based on your condition and treatment plan. Following their instructions and scheduling regular testing will help ensure proper management of your prothrombin levels.
Yes, a blood sample is necessary for both INR and PTT tests. The sample is typically taken from the arm using a needle prick and sent to a lab for analysis. It's crucial to follow any fasting or medication guidelines your healthcare provider gives before the test.
Test preparation for INR and PTT blood tests may differ based on your medical condition and medications. Preparations may include fasting or avoiding specific medications that affect clotting factors. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions and inform them of any medication, supplement, or herbal remedy usage to ensure accurate test results.
The tests being conducted are the INR (International Normalized Ratio) and PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) tests, which are used to monitor blood clotting. The INR test measures how your blood clotting time compares to a standardized control sample, while the PTT test measures your blood's response to specific substances. These tests help identify clotting disorders and ensure that anticoagulant medication is at the appropriate dosage.
The Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times (PTT) blood tests are crucial in monitoring blood clotting and detecting clotting disorders. These tests offer insights into the coagulation process and help healthcare providers assess the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy. It is essential to understand the purpose of these tests, their conduct, and the implications of abnormal results. Patients often have queries regarding the influence of food and medications on PT and INR test results. Additionally, they may question the need for consistent testing times and the reasons behind varying PT/INR results despite stable medication dosages.
The prothrombin time (PT) test measures how long blood takes to clot, mainly to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications. It's also used to diagnose bleeding disorders and liver disease. Results are reported as an international normalized ratio (INR) for standardization.
PT and INR tests are typically ordered to monitor blood-thinning medications, investigate unexplained bleeding or clotting disorders, assess bleeding risk before surgeries, and evaluate blood clotting function in specific medical conditions like liver disease or vitamin K deficiency.
The test result is measured using the INR and PTT. A higher INR suggests a longer clotting time, while a longer PTT may indicate a bleeding disorder. Consulting a healthcare professional is crucial for interpreting the results and deciding on suitable treatment or monitoring.
PT (Prothrombin Time) and PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) are vital laboratory tests used to assess the clotting ability of a patient's blood in cases of bleeding or clotting disorders. These tests measure the duration it takes for blood to clot; abnormal results can indicate potential issues with clotting factors. In patients presenting with bleeding disorders, an extended PT or PTT may suggest a deficiency in essential clotting factors like Factor II (prothrombin), Factor V, or Factor VII. Conversely, a shortened PT or PTT may indicate an excess of clotting factors in patients with clotting disorders, as observed in Factor V Leiden mutation or lupus anticoagulant. Accurate interpretation of PT and PTT results in conjunction with clinical symptoms and other laboratory tests is necessary to establish the underlying cause of bleeding or clotting abnormalities.
Certain foods rich in vitamin K, like leafy greens and broccoli, can impact PT and INR results. Medications such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs can also affect these levels. It's crucial to inform your healthcare provider about any dietary changes or medications you're taking, as they may need to adjust dosages or suggest dietary modifications based on your PT and INR results.
If you are being treated with warfarin (Coumadin®), it is crucial to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods. Avoiding or drastically limiting these foods can lead to an increased risk of vitamin K deficiency and may affect the effectiveness of warfarin. Instead, strive for a balanced diet and consult your healthcare provider to manage your warfarin therapy properly.
It is generally advised to have a prothrombin time (PT) test done at the same time of day for consistency. This helps in identifying any patterns or fluctuations in blood clotting levels. However, follow specific instructions from your healthcare provider regarding timing. Consult with them for personalized guidance on when to schedule your PT test.
A prolonged prothrombin time with INR result can be caused by a medical condition, medications, and other factors.
Medical conditions:
Drugs:
Other:
Consider testing for vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (VII, X, II) and a nonvitamin K-dependent clotting factor (V). Together with the patient's medical history, these tests can help tell the difference between a coagulopathy caused by a lack of vitamin K, hepatic insufficiency, or a lack of a single factor.
Depending on the clinical context, a fibrinogen or DIC evaluation (D-dimer, antithrombin III activity, platelet count, fibrinogen, aPTT, and PT) may be helpful.
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Understanding your Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) levels is crucial for managing your health. These tests help ensure that your blood is clotting properly and can detect any potential bleeding or clotting disorders. You and your healthcare provider can make informed decisions about your treatment plan by monitoring these levels. If you're curious about how to interpret test results, the importance of timing, or if you can do this test at home, check out our comprehensive guide. Take control of your health today - get tested and understand what those results mean for you. To buy an affordable INR and PTT test, visit DiscountedLabs.com now.
QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) is a new blood test. It helps find out if you have an infection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the germs that cause TB.
This has become the go-to test for TB. This technology is fast and accurate. If you need to be tested fast and accurate then this is the way to go. Quantiferon Gold tests are now available at Discounted Labs in many cities across the US. No need to go to a doctor’s office or clinic. In this post we will go over what is quantiferon gold, who should get tested with it, how it’s done, any risks, and where you can find discounted labs that offer this test so you know all your options before you get tested.
The QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), also known as an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA test), is a lab test. It uses a peptide cocktail that looks like the ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins to wake up cells in whole blood that have been heparinized. There is an ELISA that can find interferon gamma (IFN-g) and see how well T cells defend against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It measures in vitro responses to these peptide antigens that are linked to M. tuberculosis infection so it’s an important tool in diagnosing and monitoring the immune response to TB. When you have an M. tuberculosis infection, CD4+ T cells are very important in blocking the infection because they release IFN-gamma. A test called QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-Gold) could only find IFN-gamma that was released by CD4+ T cells before the QFT-Plus test.
While the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test is good at diagnosing TB infection, it doesn’t differentiate between active tuberculosis disease and latent tuberculosis infection and should be used with clinical evaluation.
It’s an advanced version of the traditional TB skin test, which requires multiple visits and has been found to be less accurate than Quantiferon Gold. The Quantiferon Gold test also known as the QuantiFERON TB test can be done in one visit and is more accurate than the skin test. But the QuantiFERON TB test has its own limitations, especially in diagnosing tuberculosis infection in immunocompromised individuals where results can sometimes be indeterminate. It’s also sometimes called the IGRA test or med. Guidelines recommend doing both IGRA and tuberculin skin tests in immunocompromised patients to detect latent infections and treat if either test is positive.
When white blood cells touch TB bacteria, they release interferon-gamma. Antigens are used in the test to measure the immune response, particularly through specialized blood collection tubes designed for this purpose. The Quantiferon Gold test measures the amount of this protein in 1.0 ml of blood from the patient’s arm. If high levels are detected, it means the person has been exposed to or infected with TB bacteria and is at higher risk. The whole process takes about 2 hours and results are available within 24 hours after testing. The QFT result is indeterminate, meaning it can be inconclusive. What do we tell the patient and what do we do? A high background level of interferon-gamma (a negative control that doesn’t work) or no response to the mitogen (a positive control that doesn’t work) can result in an indeterminate result. Repeat QFT or TST placement depends on patient and provider preference. In San Francisco, repeating the QFT will result in a valid result 65-75% of the time. If the result is nil or negative, it must be within the recommended range of ≤8.0 IU/mL to be considered valid.
The main advantage of using Quantiferon Gold over other tests for TB infection, such as the TB skin test or chest X-rays, is its accuracy and convenience. The QuantiFERON Gold test is a TB blood test that detects the immune response to TB bacteria in individuals who may have been exposed to or are at higher risk for TB. These tests can give false positives due to environmental factors or because the person was vaccinated against TB bacteria before. Quantiferon Gold measures actual exposure to give more accurate results and reduce variability in reading methods. This single-visit test does not require any additional follow-up visits or further testing if positive results are obtained. BCG vaccination will not give a false positive in the Quantiferon test as it does with the TB skin test. One of the advantages of the test is that it only requires one patient visit to draw blood, making it a more efficient and convenient option for testing. Results are available within 24 hours so healthcare professionals and patients can get quick and reliable information.
Quantiferon Gold is an accurate test for TB infection. The QuantiFERON Gold test is a tuberculosis blood test that detects the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis to differentiate between latent TB infection and active TB disease. It can be used to diagnose and monitor active TB in individuals at risk or exposed to the bacteria. Now who should get tested with Quantiferon Gold?
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Those who are at risk for TB infection, such as health care workers and individuals who have recently traveled to TB-endemic countries, should get tested with Quantiferon Gold. This includes immunocompromised hosts and those with weakened immune systems due to HIV/AIDS or other medical conditions. They should get tested as soon as possible to prevent the spread of the disease.
If you have symptoms of TB infection such as persistent cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or chest pain, get tested immediately. The earlier the diagnosis of LTBI can be made, the better the chance of successful treatment and prevention of complications.
If you have been exposed to someone with known or suspected active TB, get tested right away to see if you have been infected. This could be a close family member or co-worker who got the disease from an infected individual. Early detection can reduce your chances of getting ill and spreading the disease further.
Quantiferon Gold is an accurate test for TB infection so anyone who falls into the risk categories should get tested. In the next section, we will discuss how Quantiferon Gold is administered to ensure the results are accurate.
Inform your doctor of any medications you are taking or have taken in the past before undergoing a Quantiferon Gold test. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking some medications before the test. Avoid eating or drinking anything other than water for at least 8 hours before the procedure.
During a Quantiferon Gold test, a small sample of blood will be drawn from your arm and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The whole process takes about an hour and can be done at most medical centers without an appointment with a doctor.
After a Quantiferon Gold test, rest your arm where the needle was inserted for several minutes to reduce swelling and bruising. Drink plenty of fluids after this type of lab work, as dehydration can occur due to fluid loss during testing. If you see any signs of infection, such as redness or pain around where blood was taken, or if there is any disruption in the gel on the tube walls, contact your healthcare provider immediately, as antibiotics may need to be prescribed to prevent further complications.
Quantiferon Gold is a safe and quick test that requires minimal preparation. But it’s good to know the risks so you can decide if this test is for you.
It’s an easy and accurate way to diagnose TB without a doctor’s visit. If you’re considering getting tested with Quantiferon Gold, know where you can find an accredited lab near you that offers this service. Discounted Labs sells the cheapest quantiferon gold test in the US. Click here to buy.
The best place to start looking for an accredited lab that offers Quantiferon Gold testing is online. Many labs have websites that list their services and provide contact information so you can call or email them if needed. Discounted Labs also offers affordable testing in most cities in the US without a doctor’s visit so it’s easier than ever to get tested with Quantiferon Gold at a discounted rate.
When looking for labs that offer Quantiferon Gold tests, ask about cost considerations such as insurance coverage and payment plans available through the lab itself or through Discounted Labs if applicable. Depending on your situation, there may be additional costs involved, such as travel expenses if needed and a lab fee. Ask questions ahead of time so you know what all the costs will be so you can make informed decisions about your health care needs for TB screening tests like Quantiferon Gold testing offered by Discounted Labs in most cities in the US today.
If someone gets a positive QuantiFERON result, it means they have been exposed to or are currently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB exposure). This is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). TB is a contagious and serious bacterial infection of the lungs. It can be spread through close contact with an infected person and can cause symptoms such as coughing, fever, night sweats, weight loss and chest pain. Treatment usually involves antibiotics for several months to prevent further spread of the disease.
If TB Gold test is positive, it means the person has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and may have active TB disease. This bacteria can cause serious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) and other diseases. In patients at high risk of M. tuberculosis infection, a second test should be done according to 2017 ATS/IDSA/CDC Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. If TB Gold test is positive, seek medical attention immediately to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan for active TB disease. Treatment for active TB usually involves taking antibiotics for at least 6 months or more depending on the severity of the infection. To prevent the disease from spreading, make sure to take all medications as instructed by your doctor.
A TB test, also known as a tuberculin skin test, is a skin test to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. It involves injecting a small amount of fluid containing tuberculin, the substance used in the tuberculin skin test, into the skin and then observing for any reaction for 48–72 hours. A positive result means exposure to TB but not necessarily active infection. Another type of TB test is QuantiFERON test, a blood test that measures the body’s immune response to TB bacteria. Unlike the skin test, it only requires one visit to a healthcare provider and is recommended for those who have received the TB vaccine.
QuantiFERON test looks for active TB infection in the blood by measuring the amount of proteins released when M. tuberculosis antigens are present. This type of testing is more accurate than traditional skin tests and is recommended if there are concerns about false positives or negatives with TB skin test.
Quantiferon Gold is a recommended and doctor’s visit not required TB test. Easy, safe and affordable way to get tested for tuberculosis. Discounted Labs provides this test in most cities across the U.S., making Quantiferon Gold the ideal choice for a reliable tuberculosis test.
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[1] Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening and Treatment
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0201/p177.html
[2] QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus, Blood
https://microbiology.testcatalog.org/show/qft4
[3] QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus
https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/113563
[4] QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus
[5] QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Test: Frequently Asked Questions
https://www.questdiagnostics.com/healthcare-professionals/clinical-education-center/faq/faq204
These renal panel labs include blood and urine tests commonly used by physicians to determine kidney dysfunction: Urinalysis, Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), Cystatin C and eGFR.
A renal function panel is a crucial set of tests to assess the overall health and efficiency of your kidneys. The tests of a renal function panel are necessary to monitor kidney performance, which is vital for maintaining blood pressure levels, eliminating waste from the bloodstream, and keeping electrolyte balance in check. In this blog post, we will delve into various aspects of a renal function panel.
We will begin by discussing urinalysis as part of the renal function panel and its importance in detecting early signs of kidney dysfunction as well as identifying urinary tract infections. Next, we'll explore the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) and its key components that help evaluate kidney health.
Additionally, we will introduce Cystatin C, an alternative marker for assessing kidney function with certain advantages over traditional creatinine-based eGFR calculation methods. Furthermore, you'll learn about estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculations and interpretation, along with factors affecting these values.
At the end, we'll show you how to get ready for a renal panel test and explain your results so that you can make wise choices about potential future actions concerning your kidney wellbeing.
Urinalysis is a crucial component of the renal function panel, which evaluates kidney function by measuring various substances present in urine. It can detect abnormalities such as high levels of glucose or protein, which may indicate kidney disease or other underlying medical conditions. This test provides valuable information about hydration status, urinary tract infections, and even some types of cancer.
The early detection of kidney dysfunction is essential for preventing further damage and maintaining overall health. Urinalysis helps identify any abnormal findings that could be indicative of potential issues with your kidneys. For example, elevated levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria) may suggest a problem with the glomeruli, tiny filters within your kidneys responsible for removing waste products from your bloodstream.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that affect millions each year. A urinalysis can detect bacteria, white blood cells, and red blood cells in a urine sample—all indicative of an infection within the urinary system—thereby helping to diagnose UTIs quickly for prompt treatment and prevention of complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital to preventing complications like kidney damage or recurrent infections.
Urinalysis is a significant element of the renal function assessment, as it can provide clues to possible kidney difficulties in their early stages. Moving on, a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) also plays a key role in identifying potential issues with your kidneys and understanding how CMP results relate to your overall health.
The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a vital part of the renal function panel, as it consists of 14 different blood tests that provide valuable insights into your overall metabolic health. These measurements help assess specific organ functions and detect potential electrolyte imbalances related to kidney dysfunction.
An abnormal result on any component within the CMP may warrant further investigation by a healthcare professional. For example, elevated liver enzymes might prompt additional testing for liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. In cases where abnormalities point towards potential kidney dysfunction, like high electrolyte concentrations or low protein values - a more comprehensive renal function panel, including tests like urinalysis and eGFR calculations, may be recommended to assess kidney health more accurately.
The CMP can be a valuable asset in gauging an individual's general wellbeing, as it gives significant insights regarding kidney performance. Moving on to cystatin C, this alternative marker offers advantages over traditional creatinine-based eGFR calculation methods and has many clinical applications and implications.
Cystatin C serves as an alternative marker for assessing the glomerular filtration rate, which essentially reflects how efficiently the kidneys filter waste products from the bloodstream. Compared to creatinine-based eGFR calculations, which heavily rely on muscle mass for accuracy, cystatin C offers more precise insights into actual kidney performance, regardless of individual body composition differences. This makes it a valuable tool for assessing kidney function.
Combining cystatin C with creatinine can improve diagnostic accuracy and enable more precise monitoring of kidney health, potentially leading to earlier detection of dysfunction and improved treatment plans. This increased precision allows physicians to better monitor kidney health, detect early signs of dysfunction, and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Additionally, research suggests that elevated cystatin C levels may be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (source). Therefore, monitoring this biomarker could provide valuable information not only about renal function but also about overall cardiovascular health.
Cystatin C has been proven to be a reliable and accurate marker for assessing kidney function, making it an excellent alternative to the traditional creatinine-based eGFR calculation methods. By understanding how the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is calculated and interpreted, we can better understand our renal health status and make informed decisions about any necessary treatments or lifestyle changes.
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is an essential calculation derived from either creatinine or cystatin C levels in the blood. This value estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli, tiny filters within your kidneys responsible for removing waste products and excess fluids - per minute. A low eGFR may indicate decreased kidney function, while a high one could signify better filtration capabilities.
Different factors can influence the accuracy of eGFR calculations. These include:
It is important to understand the importance of eGFR values and the factors that affect them in order to properly assess renal function. Moving on, it is equally important to be aware of what a renal panel test entails and how best to interpret the results for any next steps taken.
A renal panel test is an essential tool for monitoring kidney function or as a follow-up if you have already had an abnormal kidney panel test result. To ensure accurate results, patients need to fast for 8–12 hours before their blood draw appointment. Once completed, the renal panel test typically provides results within just a few business days and includes separate line items detailing each component of the examination.
Your renal panel test report will provide detailed information on each component measured in the examination. Some key aspects include urinalysis findings, CMP values such as electrolyte levels and liver enzymes, cystatin C concentrations, and eGFR calculations. It's crucial to discuss these results with a qualified healthcare professional who can help interpret them in context with other factors like age, gender, race, and medical history. Based on this analysis, they might recommend further testing or suggest appropriate lifestyle changes such as diet modifications or exercise routines, medication adjustments, or referrals to specialists if necessary.
The Renal Function Panel is a set of blood and urine tests that assess kidney health by measuring various markers, such as electrolytes, glucose, protein levels, and liver enzymes. These tests help detect early signs of kidney dysfunction and monitor existing conditions.
A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) evaluates both liver and kidney functions, along with other metabolic processes, through 14 different blood measurements. The Renal Function Panel specifically focuses on assessing kidney health using fewer tests like urinalysis, Cystatin C measurement, eGFR calculation, and sodium-potassium balance evaluation.
Overall, the renal function panel is a comprehensive test that evaluates various aspects of kidney health. It includes urinalysis, CMP, cystatin C, and eGFR measurements. Healthcare professionals use this test to detect abnormalities in glucose and protein levels, assess hydration status, and identify urinary tract infections. Monitoring these values over time can help detect early signs of kidney dysfunction.
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Discounted Labs caters to individuals who want to take charge of their health without breaking the bank. Their renal function panel test is just one of many tests they offer at a discounted price. By using Discounted Labs, you can save money while still receiving high-quality healthcare services.
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This panel checks the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and free triiodothyronine (T3).
Additional tests you can consider:
Thyroid hormones help control our metabolism. They influence nearly every organ in our body. These hormones tell the organs how fast or slow to work. They also help manage oxygen usage and how we produce heat. Issues with the thyroid, such as overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), can greatly change how our metabolism works. This panel checks the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and also looks at free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3). When the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, the body uses energy at a slower rate. This condition is called hypothyroidism. The panel includes:
Dietary supplements with biotin can change lab test results. They may either show levels that are higher or lower than expected. For patients taking the daily recommended amount of biotin, it is best to take blood samples at least 8 hours after their last dose. For those taking high doses of biotin, it is important to wait at least 72 hours after their last dose before taking the samples.
The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system. It has a shape similar to a butterfly. You can find it at the base of your neck. Usually, the thyroid gland is about 2 to 5 inches long and weighs up to 30 grams in adults. It is very important to share any sensitive information about thyroid health only with qualified professionals. This should include information from an official government organization.
The thyroid is often overlooked when considering your health. But the price of thyroid tests has been dropping every year. The thyroid is important for how every cell, tissue, muscle, or bone functions. It also helps control how our metabolism changes food into energy.
Thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's disease are two problems that affect the thyroid due to an autoimmune disorder. Doctors recommend getting a blood test each year to monitor your health. If you ignore an autoimmune disorder like Hashimoto's disease, it might cause serious health problems.
When you get thyroid function tests, a health care professional will take a blood sample from your arm. This is a simple blood test. It checks the levels of important hormones like TSH, Free T3, and Free T4. You might feel a small pinch when the needle goes in, but it won’t take long. After that, they send the sample to a lab. There, they look for any problems with hormone levels. These thyroid function tests are very important. They help you see how well your thyroid gland is working. They can also diagnose issues like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
The thyroid gland is very important for your body. It is located in the front of your neck. This gland releases hormones that help in making proteins and managing metabolism. It helps control several key body functions. These include breathing, body weight, body temperature, cholesterol levels, and heart rate. It also affects menstrual cycles in women, digestion, growth, the brain, and bone health.
We can think of the thyroid gland like an oven and the pituitary gland like its thermostat. If the oven gets too cold, the thermostat tells it to make TSH. This helps the thyroid hormones raise your temperature. If the oven gets too hot, the pituitary gland makes less TSH. This helps cool you down.
The thyroid gland produces two key hormones, T3 and T4. It needs iodine from foods such as seafood, bread, and milk to make these hormones. A radioactive iodine uptake test, or thyroid scan, helps see how well the thyroid uses a small amount of iodine. T3 and T4 play a role in how quickly the heart beats. They also help the digestive system work better to process food.
If your T3 and T4 levels are low, your heart rate might be slower. This can also cause you to gain weight because of constipation. However, if your T3 and T4 levels are high, you may feel your heart rate speed up. You might also have diarrhea, and this can lead to weight loss.
A healthcare worker can check for hormonal imbalances using thyroid function tests. You can pick just one test or go for a more detailed panel that requires a blood sample. Let’s look at some of these tests. Keep in mind that the cost of thyroid tests is going down. This makes it a great time to check your thyroid.
The comprehensive thyroid panel is the best test for thyroid hormones. It is detailed and affordable. This test can find many issues that simple tests often miss.
This test panel checks for various thyroid disorders. It can find problems like hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's disease. The panel measures several key levels. These include TSH, Free T3, Free T4, Reverse T3, Thyroglobulin Antibody, and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-Tpo).
The TSH test, short for thyroid-stimulating hormone test, is a common way to check for thyroid disease. This test looks at how the pituitary gland is working. If the TSH test results are normal and fall between 0.450 and 4.500 μIU/mL for people over 10 years old, it means the TSH levels are normal. This also signals that there is enough thyroid hormone for newborn babies and not too much thyroid hormone.
An increased level of TSH can mean that the pituitary gland is telling the body that the thyroid is not producing enough hormones. This situation is called hypothyroidism.
If your TSH level is very low, it shows that your body is making too many hormones. This can lead to hyperthyroidism.
The test for this hormone checks if a patient has hyperthyroidism. Normal T3 levels should be between 100 and 200 ng/Dl.
When you feel symptoms like constipation, anxiety, depression, dry skin, a fast heart rate, or trouble sleeping, it might be time to get a test.
The thyroid gland makes a hormone called T4, also known as thyroxine. This thyroxine attaches to proteins and moves to your tissues through the blood.
T4 and proteins will split apart. This lets T4 change into T3, which works better. Doctors often recommend testing both TSH and free T4 to learn more about hypothyroidism. For adults over 19, the normal range for this test is 0.82-1.77 ng/dl.
The two main issues related to the thyroid are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Here’s a simple explanation of both:
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid does not produce enough hormones. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is a lack of iodine. Another common cause is a condition known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This condition is linked to high levels of thyroid antibodies. In contrast, the main reason for hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease.
In both situations, the patient will develop a goiter. We still do not know what causes Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It appears that both genes and outside factors play a role.
The absence of thyroid hormones can lead to several signs. You may notice dry skin and changes in your voice. A common feeling is extreme tiredness. It is possible to gain weight and struggle with sleep as well. Other problems might include muscle cramps, heart issues, changes in your menstrual cycle, and fluid buildup around the heart and in your abdomen.
Without proper treatment, hypothyroidism can lead to issues with your heart and breathing. It can make you feel very tired, cause weight gain, and lead to feelings of sadness. These problems can influence both your quality of life and your lifespan.
Hyperthyroidism happens when the body has too many thyroid hormones. This makes the heart work harder. Because of this, several other problems can occur. The most common ones are sinus tachycardia, which means a heart rate over 100 beats per minute. It can also cause an irregular heartbeat and other heart issues.
An extra symptom of this disorder is feeling your heart race, also known as palpitations. When there are too many thyroid hormones, the heart pumps blood faster. This means the heart muscle needs more oxygen.
Get to know your thyroid better by choosing the right thyroid test today. You will receive your test results easily, along with reference ranges. Visit discountedlabs.com to check out several thyroid lab tests. This website offers options recommended by the Cleveland Clinic and approved by the American Thyroid Association. You can find convenient locations in more than 30 states across the US. Plus, you can find helpful information about marketing emails related to your health.
A full thyroid panel checks several things. It tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine (T4). These tests measure hormone levels in the blood. This helps doctors understand how well the thyroid is working. It can also help find thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
It is important to follow the steps from your healthcare provider when preparing for a thyroid panel test. Doing this helps you get clear and accurate results.
Interpreting thyroid panel results involves looking at several markers. These markers are TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), T3 (Triiodothyronine), and T4 (Thyroxine). Here are some simple guidelines to help you understand these results:
The combination of these tests provides a complete picture of thyroid function.
Thyroid function can be affected by several things. Medications, pregnancy, and some medical conditions all play a role. A healthcare professional should review the results with the patient's overall health and symptoms in mind.
It is important to speak with a healthcare provider or endocrinologist about your thyroid panel results. They can offer advice that is right for you based on your health history and symptoms.
High doses of biotin supplements are commonly taken for hair loss. However, they might change your thyroid test results. Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin found in many hair and nail items. When you take too much biotin, it can make thyroid hormone levels in blood tests look higher or lower than they actually are.
We use thyroid function tests to identify thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. However, biotin can cause issues with these tests. Biotin may mix things up and give false results. This happens because some lab tests use biotin technology. In this process, biotin links with streptavidin to check certain hormones. These hormones include triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4).
High amounts of biotin in the blood from supplements can interfere with tests. This can cause incorrect results. For example, high biotin levels might show low TSH levels. Someone without hyperthyroidism may appear to have it.
People who take high-dose biotin supplements should tell their doctors before getting thyroid function tests. Doctors may suggest stopping biotin several days before the test to get better results. Sometimes it might be important to use different tests that biotin does not affect.
In many cases, fasting is not required before a thyroid test. However, it's beneficial to follow what your healthcare provider says. If your thyroid panel includes other tests, you may be asked to fast. Talk to your doctor about pre-test preparation since everyone is different. This will help you get the right results.
Overview of Thyroid Tests: InformedHealth Guide – NCBI
Thyroid Function Tests: An Overview – American Thyroid Association
Thyroid Blood Tests: Types, Procedures, and Preparation – Cleveland Clinic
Thyroid Function Tests: Common Assessments and Interpretation – Mount Sinai
Understanding Thyroid Function Tests – Healthline
This full thyroid panel test panel includes most tests needed to more deeply explore the possibility of hypothyroidism and/or Hashimoto's disease diagnosis, which can also relate to weight gain. It includes: TSH, Free T3, Free T4, Reverse T3, Thyroglobulin Antibody and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO). If you are taking biotin, please stop it 72 hours before the blood draw since it may interfere with hormone blood tests. A study found that TSH was suppressed in all subjects after food, so fasting may be suggested, although it is not required by Quest. Free T4 and Free T4 values did not change significantly after eating. NOTE: Reverse T3 is analyzed using a specific technique called liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). There's a special place in the U.S. where these precise machines needed for LC/MS panels run only on two specific days a week. So, sometimes the clock ticks a bit while we wait for samples to return from their initial collection points. Results may take 7 business days.
This test panel includes most tests needed to more deeply explore the possibility of hypothyroidism and/or Hashimoto's disease diagnosis. It includes:
Dietary supplements containing higher-dose biotin may interfere in assays and may skew results to be either falsely high or falsely low. For patients receiving the recommended daily doses of biotin, draw samples at least 8 hours following the last biotin consumption. For patients on mega-doses of biotin supplements, draw samples at least 72 hours following the last biotin supplementation. A study found that TSH was suppressed in all subjects after food, so fasting may be suggested, although Quest does not require it. Free T4 and Free T4 values did not change significantly after eating.
You already know that several types of food can affect the results of various blood tests. For example, you shouldn't eat anything for 12-14 hours before a glucose test because any ingested food can increase blood sugar levels and cause an inaccurate diagnosis. Similarly, there are certain rules that you must respect before doing thyroid tests to avoid getting the wrong results.
The thyroid gland is located at the base of your neck, and it's responsible for many functions such as stimulating energy production, managing body metabolism, and supporting thyroid hormone production, all of which are essential for overall health. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism and abnormal thyroid function can significantly affect these functions, leading to unexpected weight loss and other issues. Thyroid tests are necessary to diagnose or monitor a wide variety of diseases. Keep reading to learn more about food and other factors on thyroid tests.
It's important to remember that all the hormones and chemicals in your body are constantly changing. For example, your testosterone levels are at their peak in the morning, and they begin to decline in the afternoon. Similarly, your main thyroid hormones, such as TSH, T4, T3, and their impact on heart rate, are secreted by the pituitary gland in various quantities at different moments of the day.
If you're ingesting food or any beverages except water, this will impact how thyroid hormones and other hormones in the body are secreted. This is not a good thing because if you do a test in this state, your results might appear incorrect, and you might receive a false diagnosis.
Think about this as if you're the witness of a car accident. If the accident was quite serious, the evidence must be kept in its original state because this is how the authorities will figure out who is the guilty driver. If someone alters the evidence (in our case influences the production of thyroid hormones), the conclusion (diagnosis) of the accident can be misinterpreted.
Finally, you need to know that fasting and postprandial states can affect thyroid hormone results. Fasting refers to not eating anything for 8, 10, or even 12 hours before doing a test—postprandial means doing a test soon after ingesting food. For example, if you do a thyroid test early in the morning in a fasting state, your TSH levels might be higher. This can influence how your subclinical hypothyroidism might be interpreted, as this health problem can be diagnosed solely on TSH levels.
Another study performed in 2021 on more than 4,500 individuals shows interesting correlations between different types of foods and their effect on free T3, free T4, and TSH levels. The study participants were from the southern regions of Croatia, and they were split into different groups depending on their health status, gender, lifestyle habits, and more.
More than 58 food items were included in the diet administered to study participants during the testing period. The study results showed that women usually had lower free T3 and free T4 and higher TSH levels than men. At the same time, smokers had lower TSH levels than people who didn't smoke or were ex-smokers.
At the end of the study, researchers concluded that those who consumed a lot of foods with a high glycemic index had a positive association with free T3 and T4 levels while negatively associated with TSH levels. At the same time, foods high in protein or saturated fatty acids showed a negative correlation with free T3 and T4 levels. Another interesting result shows that those with a higher fasting glucose level usually had higher free T4 levels.
A study done in 2014 looked at 57 adult patients who had their thyroid hormones measured in a laboratory environment. These patients were split into several groups. The first group had normal T4 and normal TSH values, the second group had increased TSH and normal T4 (subclinical hypothyroidism), and the third group had low T4 and high TSH, indicating they might not produce much thyroid hormone.
The testing was done in a fasting state two hours after eating a meal. Food choice is not important in this case, as any food can influence thyroid hormones.
The results were impressive. TSH levels were suppressed in all patients after ingesting food regardless of how long they fasted before. T4 levels didn't change enough to make a difference in patients. After the tests were done, almost 75% of the patients could be diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism based on the tests done in a fasting state alone. The TSH levels were otherwise within normal ranges in the postprandial tests.
This is an important finding as the time of the day when the test is done, and the fasting/postprandial state can significantly influence a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism, especially for pregnant women.
On top of eating or drinking before a thyroid test, other factors could influence the levels of thyroid hormones. For example, excessive stress can take a toll on your body and cause your hormones to go out of whack, including your thyroid hormones. Although more research is needed to determine how stress can affect you, it's safe to assume that you might not want to take a thyroid test if you're going through a very stressful period.
If a doctor recommends a thyroid test for you, make sure that you're getting enough sleep and normally eat for a few days to get an accurate test result. Sleep deprivation is another factor that could influence the results of your thyroid hormones and thyroid dysfunction, especially if you haven't slept at all in 24 hours or more. Additionally, individuals with a family history of thyroid disorders should consider these factors carefully. Dieting to lose weight is known to influence hormonal changes in your body, so you might not want to do a thyroid test if you're sleep deprived or dieting.
You shouldn't be surprised to find out that different types of drugs can significantly influence the secretion of various thyroid hormones and alter test results. For example, iodine and kelp supplements, Pacerone, chemotherapy drugs, and Lithobid can influence how your thyroid gland produces hormones. You likely need to discontinue these drugs for a few days before doing a thyroid test, but you should only do this at a doctor's recommendation.
Other drugs that could interfere with your thyroid hormone levels include Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunomodulating drugs such as Interleukin-2. If you're thinking of doing a thyroid test soon and you take some of these medications, talk with your doctor and see if you have the green light or if you need to adjust/stop your treatment before doing the test.
Another thing that could significantly influence thyroid hormones and test results consist of pregnancy. According to the American Thyroid Association, thyroid hormones such as TSH, T3, and T4 vary depending on the pregnancy semester. Doctors should consider this when interpreting thyroid test results for pregnant women.
When the body is not well, its hormone production can be drastically affected. Different types of illnesses and diseases, including those with early detection of conditions like thyroid disease, thyroid treatment, and thyroid issues, can significantly influence levels of thyroid hormones and even impact if you have enough thyroid hormone for proper functioning. For example, various viral infections and autoimmune disorders such as lupus and Hashimoto's disease can alter your body's levels of thyroid hormones. Make sure that you tell your doctor your medical history and any condition you might have before doing a thyroid test.
You might be happy to find out that there are multiple types of thyroid tests you can do to determine if your thyroid gland function is correct, especially for assessing thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer. You can take advantage of individual tests such as the ones that measure your TSH, T3, or T4. However, healthcare providers often recommend going for a test panel that incorporates multiple hormones, often from a blood sample, because this provides a clearer picture when it comes to the health of your thyroid gland.
For example, one of the most popular panels checks your TSH, free T3, and free thyroxine (fT4) in a single test. It's more affordable and efficient to test your thyroid gland in this manner, especially if you are concerned about conditions like overactive thyroid or underactive thyroid. A comprehensive thyroid panel test, which includes thyroid peroxidase antibodies and TPO antibodies along with other hormones, and a reverse T3 test are some of the other tests that can be done to assess energy levels. Ask your doctor for advice if you don't know what type of test is more suitable for you to determine the health of your thyroid gland.
As you can see, several types of factors can affect the results of your thyroid tests, mainly doing a test in a fasted or postprandial state. With that being said, it's highly recommended that you do thyroid tests regularly to see how your thyroid hormones are working in your body. Follow your doctor's recommendations and pick the right thyroid test for your needs.
For a comprehensive list of thyroid tests at affordable prices, visit Discountedlabs.com today!
Top Labs to Run Bi-Annually on Your Hashimoto's Patients
Thyroid Antibodies: MedlinePlus Medical Test
How to Get Accurate Lab Tests When Taking Thyroid Medications
Hashimoto's Test Panel - Accesa Labs
Thyroid Blood Tests - Cleveland Clinic
What Is Included In a Full Thyroid Panel? - Paloma Health
The Effect of Food Groups and Nutrients on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Healthy Individuals - PubMed
More information about thyroid tests: Thyroid Lab Tests Types and Controversies
This panel includes:
Testosterone, Total, LC/MS and Free (Equilibrium Dialysis)
This panel includes total testosterone measured by the most accurate method (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry), free testosterone percent by equilibrium dialysis, and free testosterone calculated from percent free T. This test is good for men who expect high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL or women who expect low T levels.
and
17 - OH Progesterone
Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) shuts down upstream hormones like LH and FSH required for sperm production, so men on TRT generally have a difficult time fathering a child. Some studies show that adding hCG to a TRT protocol may improve sperm production since hCG is an analog of LH that could stimulate sperm production. But optimizing hCG dose and frequency based on sperm count can be a time consuming process since it takes at least 8 weeks to see changes in sperm tests. Fortunately, there is an easier way to predict the efficacy of the hCG+TRT protocol without having to wait for 8 weeks between hCG dose and frequency changes.
To find out if sperm count is normalized in men using hCG plus TRT, several studies have found that the 17-OH-Progesterone blood level is correlated to intratesticular testosterone (ITT) required for the testicles to make sperm, so testing for this hormone could not only save time while optimizing HCG dose/frequency but also eliminate the need to perform testicular aspirations, a very difficult procedure to do. Sperm count does not stabilize until 8 weeks after starting hCG plus TRT, so knowing your 17-OH-progesterone blood level can give you a quick way to determine if your hCG dose and frequency is adequate.
This test uses liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) the most accurate method for hormone testing.
At DiscountedLabs.com, we provide tailored solutions for men undergoing Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT). Our TRT Basic Monitoring Panel is specifically designed for men who have been on testosterone replacement therapy for a few months, ensuring that the treatment is effectively monitored. Test included:
This comprehensive panel includes essential blood tests to understand the impacts of TRT on various aspects of health. Additional tests, such as PSA, DHT, and lipids, can be added to the cart as needed for a more in-depth evaluation.
1. Complete Blood Count with Differential: A crucial set of tests that evaluate various blood cells, assisting in identifying potential health issues and the effectiveness of TRT.
2. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: This provides vital information about your metabolic health, including glucose, kidney function, electrolytes, and liver function.
3. Estradiol, Ultrasensitive (LC/MS): A test to evaluate estrogen levels, which can impact TRT effectiveness and overall hormonal balance.
4. Testosterone, Total, LC/MS, and Free (Equilibrium Ultrafiltration): Critical for monitoring testosterone levels without upper or lower limits, ensuring the therapy is tailored to individual needs.
Our TRT Basic Monitoring Panel offers comprehensive insights into the effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on your body, which is vital for those who have recently initiated this treatment. Our commitment to quality and affordability ensures that you get precise results without burdening your budget.
Take charge of your hormonal health with the TRT Basic Monitoring Panel from DiscountedLabs.com. Schedule your appointment today and stay ahead in your journey towards improved well-being!
IMPORTANT: Discounted Labs only serves these states: Find a Lab Near You
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This panel includes main blood test variables monitored by many clinics that treat men with low testosterone. This panel is for men who are already on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and who want to monitor their main blood tests.
The panel includes:
- Total and free testosterone (LC/MS assay. No upper limit restriction)
- Sex hormone-binding globulin
- Estradiol (ultrasensitive- LC/MS assay)
- CBC (includes hematocrit, and immune cells)
- CMP (includes glucose, liver and kidney function). Fasting is required.
- Lipids (LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides)
You can add DHEA, TSH, Free T3, free T4 , DHT and Prolactin for a more comprehensive picture of your hormonal health.
This comprehensive and complex panel is designed especially for men undergoing testosterone therapy replacement to assess the progress of the medication recommended.
This panel is one of the most cost-effective and exhaustive choices, and it comprises tests like
This panel will save lots of time and money and bring the most value to your health overall.
Testosterone is the primary male hormone, helping develop all masculine features. It is mainly produced in testicles.
For women, testosterone is not a definitive hormone, even though it is produced in the ovaries. Some women may have higher levels, which may create several undesired consequences in the long run.
This test package is a complex and powerful form of information for men, especially those who happen to suffer from thyroid disorders, obesity, or cirrhosis.
The result of the tests may show how the binding proteins of testosterone are disrupted and also evaluate the testicular condition.
Testosterone tests are mainly ordered for men who either use testosterone substitution therapy already and want to keep up with the progress or for men who experience symptoms like infertility, decrease in muscle mass, impotence, and loss of libido.
It is also a helpful test for women if symptoms like hair loss, irregular menstruations, excessive body and facial hair, and infertility appear. If testosterone levels are higher than normal, conditions like virilization or hirsutism may indicate.
Usually, the total testosterone is mostly bound to the SHBG hormone and a smaller fraction to albumin. Free testosterone, about 2% of total testosterone, is found in low concentrations throughout the body, and it is the part left unlinked to SHBG proteins or albumin.
Usual testosterone tests are not specific enough to identify the free testosterone levels. Hence, it uses a procedure called equilibrium ultrafiltration
Equilibrium ultrafiltration is achieved through adding tritiated testosterone to the sample analyzed and going through a process of stabilization.
After this stabilization, the free testosterone from the sample is separated through centrifugal ultrafiltration. The percentage of free testosterone from the sample is then used to calculate the free testosterone
The sex hormone-binding globulin is an important protein for both men and women. It is known to have a strong link to three hormones: testosterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone.
This protein is produced by the liver, which carries these hormones throughout the body and distributes them in their place.
Testosterone is an essential hormone associated with this protein, and this is why they are commonly tested together. Usually, the test is ordered when men and women have abnormal levels.
Estradiol is the most biologically active of all estrogens. It plays a crucial role in increasing the volume of the endometrium, the vagina, and the mammary glands. It has also been linked to stronger bones in men and women and plays a role in regulating fat cells and libido in both genders.
Estradiol is produced in the ovaries, testicles, and cortex of the adrenal glands. More than 95% of estradiol is bound to SHBG, the sex hormone-binding globulin.
Estradiol contributes to bone health, body distribution, sex drive, and cognitive functions.
The testicles and adrenal glands in men are responsible for producing estradiol. Its high values are recorded in the case of alcohol, marijuana, and various drug treatments.
A new measurement based on the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) technology was developed to evaluate estradiol levels correctly. Unlike the old immunoassay method of measuring estradiol, LC/MS has no interference from inflammatory markers like CRP.
Most practitioners consider this to be the most valuable measurement as it does not interfere with other steroids that may disrupt the result.
Also, this technology has a higher sensitivity and a broad range which helps diagnose correctly and evaluate conditions like gynecomastia in men or bone loss density.
The CBC provides important information about the hematologic system and other organ systems. The blood count consists of the automatic measurement of the following parameters:
Glucose, also known as blood sugar, is one of the fuels of our organisms. Glucose can be extracted from foods, especially carbohydrates like bread, vegetables, fruits, and fermented products like dairies.
Right after we ingest carbohydrates, they split into several sugar types: glucose, which is a monounsaturated one.
Once decomposed, it is absorbed by the small intestine and carried towards cells so it can finally produce energy. Glucose is often associated with the hormone called insulin, as the latter secures the glucose in cells.
Your doctor may ask you to do this test to diagnose or monitor diabetes, evaluate cases of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, liver disorders, pancreatic cancer, or evaluate an excess weight.
Hematocrit is generally defined as the percentage of erythrocytes in the blood volume. It is one of the important hematological parameters that help diagnose certain diseases.
Hematocrit measures the volume of red blood cells compared to the total volume of blood (i.e., red blood cells and plasma).
The normal value of hematocrit in men is between 40 and 54%. For women, the value is between 36 and 48% (sometimes between 37% and 47%). Centrifugation of the hematocrit can yield this value directly or indirectly.
The hematocrit test is part of the complete blood count. It measures the proportion of erythrocytes in a patient's blood and can help the doctor diagnose or monitor the patient's response to treatment.
High hematocrit may arise in cases of dehydration, heart disorders, poisoning with carbon monoxide, or testosterone use. On the contrary, low levels may indicate thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies, and bleeding.
Immune cells are also known as white blood cells, and even if they are found in small quantities in the body, their role is massive. As they are also called, leukocytes are stored in the lymph system, more precisely in the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. They protect the organism from viruses and bacteria.
The leukocytes are categorized in two main ways according to their role
The primary role of phagocytes is to help in the healing process, put a shield against bacteria, contribute to the renewal of the skin, and defend the body against different pathogens, while lymphocytes have a memorizing role.
They retain information from previous attacks and prepare for a comeback by producing antibodies and destroying cells that cannot recover.
The immune system is our ally in battling different viruses, bacteria, or pathogens. Keeping these little fighters healthy can keep us away from many conditions.
Your doctor may recommend this test to assess your overall health and diagnose disorders like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or lupus.
This panel is complex and may indicate a series of irregularities mostly related to the kidney and liver. It measures their performance alongside glucose levels, electrolytes, and fluids.
All these are essential for our body, each having its specific role in creating an equilibrium in our organism.
Your practitioner may order this panel as a yearly routine or as a method to clarify certain suspicions related to diabetes, hypertension, etc.
The panel comprises 14 elements to be analyzed:
This package includes the necessary analysis to draw a lipid profile and evaluate risks for cardiovascular disease.
Fasting is required to perform these tests so the results can be more accurate, the time needed for fasting is usually determined by your practitioner, but usually, 12 hours before the test is enough.
LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins; this is also known as bad cholesterol because they may clog your arterial walls with an extra deposit of cholesterol, causing atherosclerosis. This happens as the blood flow cannot get through the arteries. Being untreated may lead to serious health issues like a stroke, heart attack, or, in the worst-case scenario, death.
HDL stands for density lipoproteins, which is known as good cholesterol, contrary to LDL. The HDL travels through the body until it gets to the liver, where it starts to be eliminated.
Triglycerides are fats (lipids) that move in the blood and can be stored in the body's tissues. If you have to do anything about triglycerides, it depends on how big they are.
When you consume more calories than you need, the body forms triglycerides and stores them in fat cells.
This type of lipid can be metabolized later to create energy. High-fat foods increase triglycerides, but sugar and alcohol have more substantial effects. Elevated levels may lead to a risk of heart disease and stroke.
If you are looking for a comprehensive panel that includes some of the most important tests for TRT and want to save time and money, this may be your best guess.
There are some other valuable, more specific tests that you can add for a more complex panel to this panel. DHT, DHEA, TSH, Free T3, free T4, and Prolactin. For this and more hormone-related panels, access DiscountedLabs.com and choose what is best for you at a fair price.
Here are two other panels that include additional tests:
Comprehensive Male Hormone Panel II
1- Go to the "Find a Location" page to find the closest Quest location.
2- Go to "Choose a Test" and add your selection (s) in the shopping cart.
3- If you have a discount coupon code, add it to your cart.
4- Pay using a credit card.
5- You will receive an order confirmation email followed by an email containing an attached lab request form (PDF file- You need PDF Reader)
6- Print lab request form attached to the lab request form email (PDF file).
7- Take that form to the closest lab with a picture ID. Get your blood drawn. No lab fee is required.
8- Your results will available by email within 5-7 business days (depending on the test and not including weekends or holidays).
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This panel includes main blood test variables monitored by many clinics that treat men with low testosterone. This panel is for men who are already on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and who want to monitor their main blood tests. You save substantial amounts of money by ordering these tests together rather than one at a time.
The panel includes:
- Testosterone, Free, Equilibrium Dialysis With Total Testosterone, LC/MS
- Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
- Estradiol (Ultra sensitive- LC/MS assay)
- CBC (includes glucose, hematocrit, and immune cells)
- CMP (includes liver and kidney function, eGFR)
- Lipids (LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) FASTING REQUIRED
You can add DHT, DHEA, TSH, Free T3, free T4 and Prolactin for a more comprehensive picture of your hormonal health.
This comprehensive and complex panel is designed especially for men undergoing testosterone therapy replacement to assess the progress of the medication recommended.
This panel is one of the most cost-effective and exhaustive choices, it comprises tests like
All these get run together through this panel will save lots of time and money and overall bring the most value for your health.
Testosterone is the primary male hormone, helping in developing all the masculine features, it is mainly produced in testicles.
For women, testosterone is not a definitory hormone even though they are producing it as well in ovaries. Some women though may have higher levels which may create several undesired consequences in the long run.
This test package is a complex and powerful form of information for men, especially for the ones who happen to suffer from thyroid disorders, obesity, or cirrhosis.
The result of the tests may show how the binding proteins of the testosterone are disrupted and also evaluate the testicular condition.
Testosterone tests are mainly ordered for men who either use the testosterone substitution therapy already and want to keep up with the progress or for men who experience symptoms like infertility, decrease in muscle mass, impotence, loss of libido.
For women, it is also a helpful test if symptoms like hair loss, irregular menstruations, excessive body and facial hair, and infertility appear. If testosterone levels are higher than normal, this may indicate conditions like virilization or hirsutism.
Usually, the total testosterone is linked to the SHBG hormone and a smaller fraction to the albumin. Free testosterone is found in very low concentrations throughout the body, it is the part left unlinked to SHBG proteins or albumin.
Usual testosterone tests are not specific enough when it comes to identifying the free testosterone levels. Hence, it is used a procedure called equilibrium ultrafiltration
Equilibrium ultrafiltration is achieved through adding tritiated testosterone in the sample analyzed and going through a process of stabilization.
After this stabilization, the free testosterone from the sample is separated through centrifugal ultrafiltration. The percentage of free testosterone from the sample is then used to calculate the free testosterone
The sex hormone-binding globulin is a very important protein for both men and women. It is known to have a powerful link to three hormones: testosterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone.
This protein is produced by the liver and carries with it these hormones throughout the body and distributes them in their place.
Testosterone is the most important hormone associated with this protein and this is why they are commonly tested together. Usually, the test is ordered when men and women have abnormal levels.
High SHBG can lower free testosterone. Read about how to lower SHBG.
Estradiol is the most biologically active of all estrogens. It plays a very important role in increasing the volume of the endometrium, the vagina, and the mammary glands.
Estradiol is produced in the ovaries, testicles, and cortex of the adrenal glands. More than 95% of estradiol is bound to SHBG, the sex hormone-binding globulin.
Estradiol contributes to bone health, body distribution, sex drive, and cognitive function.
In men, estradiol is produced by the testicles and adrenal glands.
To evaluate correctly the estradiol levels, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) technology. The old method of measuring estradiol using immunoassays may overestimate estradiol in men. Also, this technology has a higher sensitivity and a broad range which helps diagnose correctly and evaluate conditions like gynecomastia in men or bone loss density.
Emerging data shows that the testosterone-to-estradiol ratio may be better correlated to libido and fertility in men.
The CBC provides important information about the hematologic system and other organ systems. The blood count consists of the automatic measurement of the following parameters:
Glucose, also known as blood sugar, is one of the fuels of our organisms. Glucose can be extracted from foods, especially carbohydrates like bread, vegetables, fruits and fermented products like dairies.
Right after we ingest carbohydrates, they split into several sugar types, among them glucose, which is a monounsaturated one.
Once it has broken down, the small intestine absorbs it and transports it to cells where it can finally produce energy. Glucose is often associated with the hormone insulin, as the latter secures the glucose in cells.
Your doctor may ask you to do this test to diagnose or monitor diabetes, evaluate cases of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, liver disorders, pancreatic cancer, or evaluate an excess of weight.
Hematocrit is generally defined as the percentage of erythrocytes in the blood volume, it is one of the important hematological parameters that help diagnose certain diseases.
Hematocrit measures the volume of red blood cells compared to the total volume of blood (ie red blood cells and plasma).
The normal value of hematocrit in men is between 40 and 54%. For women, the value is between 36 and 48% (sometimes between 37% and 47%). This value can be determined directly by centrifugation of the hematocrit or it can be calculated indirectly.
The hematocrit test is part of the complete blood count. It measures the proportion of erythrocytes in a patient's blood and can help the doctor diagnose or monitor the patient's response to treatment.
High values of HT may arise in case of dehydration, heart disorders, poisoning with carbon monoxide or testosterone use. On the contrary, low levels may indicate thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies, or hemorrhage.
Immune cells are also known as white blood cells and even if they are found in small quantities in the body, their role is massive. Leukocytes, as they are also called, are stored in the lymph system, more precisely in the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. They are protecting the organism from viruses and bacteria.
The leukocytes are categorized in two main ways according to their role
The main role of phagocytes is to help in the healing process, provide a shield against bacteria, contribute to the renewal of the skin, and defend the body against different pathogens, while lymphocytes have a memorizing role.
They retain information from previous attacks and prepare for a comeback by producing antibodies and destroying cells that cannot recover.
The immune system is our ally in the battle with different viruses, bacteria, or pathogens. Keeping these little fighters healthy can keep us away from many conditions.
Your doctor may recommend this test to assess your overall health and diagnose disorders like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or lupus.
This panel is a very complex one and may indicate a series of irregularities mostly related to the kidney and liver. It measures their performance alongside glucose levels, electrolytes ,and fluids.
All these are essential for our body, each having a specific role in creating an equilibrium in our organism.
Your doctor might request this panel as part of a yearly routine or as a way to confirm certain suspicions regarding diabetes, hypertension, etc.
The panel comprises 14 elements to be analyzed:
This package includes the necessary analysis to draw a lipid profile and evaluate risks for cardiovascular disease.
Fasting is required to perform these tests so the results can be more accurate, The time needed for fasting is usually determined by your practitioner but usually, 12 hours before the test is enough.
LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins; this is also known as bad cholesterol because they may clog your arterial walls with an extra deposit of cholesterol, causing atherosclerosis. This happens as the blood flow cannot get through the arteries. Being untreated may lead to serious health issues like a stroke, heart attack, or, in the worst case scenario, death.
HDL stands for density lipoproteins, which, contrary to LDL, is known as good cholesterol. The HDL travels through the body until it gets to the liver, where it starts to be eliminated.
Triglycerides are fats (lipids) that move in the blood and can be stored in the tissues of the body. If you have to do anything about triglycerides, it depends on how big they are.
When you consume more calories than you need, the body forms triglycerides and stores them in fat cells.
This type of lipid can be metabolized later to create energy. High-fat foods increase triglycerides, but sugar and alcohol have an even stronger effect. Elevated levels may lead to a risk of heart disease and stroke.
If you are looking for a comprehensive panel that includes some of the most important tests when it comes to TRT, and you also want to save time and money, this may be your best guess.
To this panel, there are some other valuable, more specific tests that you can add for a more complex panel. These are: DHT, DHEA, TSH, Free T3, free T4, and Prolactin. For this and more hormone-related panels, go access DiscountedLabs.com and choose what is best for you at a fair price.
Here are two other panels that include additional tests:
Comprehensive Male Hormone Panel II
IMPORTANT: Discounted Labs only serves these states: Find a Location
HOW DOES DISCOUNTEDLABS.COM WORK?
1- Go to the "Find a Location" page to find the closest lab location.
2- Go to "Choose a Test" and add your selection (s) in the shopping cart.
3- If you have a discount coupon code, add it to your cart.
4- Pay using a credit card.
5- You will receive an order confirmation and a lab request emails within business hours.
6- Print lab request form attached to the lab request form email (PDF file).
7- Take that form to the closest lab with a picture ID. Get your blood drawn. No lab fee is required.
9- You will receive an email when the results are ready.
Important Note: You cannot place an order under someone else's profile. The profile person's name will appear on the lab order form. Please create your profile. You are allowed to use someone else's credit card as payment.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This panel contains testosterone and its downstream metabolites: estradiol and DHT. All three hormones are measured using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS), the most accurate assay for hormones. No interactions with supplements like biotin are present.
Around 0.4% of testosterone aromatizes to estradiol in fat mass, testicles, and liver. Around 10% of testosterone converts to DHT via the alpha reductase enzyme. This enzyme is produced in many tissues in both males and females, including the reproductive tract, testes and ovaries, skin, seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis, and many organs, including the nervous system.
This panel includes free testosterone percent by equilibrium dialysis, free testosterone calculated from percent free T, and total testosterone measured using the most precise method (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, LC/MS). It is adequate for men who expect high T levels and women (LC/MS is accurate for high and low T levels as well).
Total Testosterone:
– Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)- No upper limit
– Analytical sensitivity: 1.0 ng/dL
– Analytical specificity: no cross-reactivity with other steroid compounds
– Analytical Measurement Range: 1.0 ng/dL to 2,000 ng/dL
Free and Total Testosterone:
– Percent free: equilibrium dialysis
– Free: calculated based on total and percent free testosterone
This test may take up to 7 business days to obtain results. The body produces estrogen by aromatizing testosterone in the testicles, liver, and fat tissue. Estradiol is involved in bone health, cognitive function, sex drive, and body composition in both men and women. Depending on lifestyle factors, liver issues, medications, body fat mass, and genetics, some people may have higher estradiol conversions from testosterone.
The commonly used estradiol test may overestimate estradiol. That test uses immunoassay technology that cannot differentiate C-Reactive Protein (involved in inflammation) from estradiol, so it reads the combination of the two as estradiol. This overestimation can lead to excessive use of an aromatase inhibitor that can result in low estradiol, which can cause several health issues. This ultrasensitive estradiol test is based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an assay technology that does not have that limitation.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is synthesized from testosterone in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by 5-alpha reductase. Dihydrotestosterone exerts its action similarly to testosterone, which binds to and activates androgen receptors. Dihydrotestosterone is responsible for the formation of male primary sex characteristics and most male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as muscular growth, facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
Excess DHT has been associated with hair loss, prostate volume increase, and acne in men with a genetic predisposition to those issues. Blocking or decreasing DHT to low levels may cause sexual dysfunction. More information on DHT in men.
The Testosterone, Hematocrit, Estradiol, and Prolactin Panel offers a comprehensive evaluation of key hormonal and hematological parameters, providing valuable insights into your overall health. This panel includes:
Total and Free Testosterone (LC/MS): Utilizing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, this test delivers precise measurements of both total and free testosterone levels, essential for assessing androgen status.
Hematocrit: This test determines the proportion of red blood cells in your blood, which is crucial for evaluating oxygen-carrying capacity and detecting conditions like anemia or polycythemia.
Ultra-Sensitive Estradiol (LC/MS): By measuring estradiol levels with high sensitivity, this test helps assess estrogen status, which is important for bone health, cognitive function, and overall hormonal balance.
Prolactin: This hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, plays a role in reproductive health and can influence sexual and erectile function.
By combining these tests, the panel provides a thorough assessment of hormonal health, aiding in the diagnosis and management of conditions such as hypogonadism, estrogen imbalances, and hematological disorders. This comprehensive approach ensures that you receive a detailed and reliable evaluation, making it an excellent choice for individuals seeking to understand and optimize their health.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
The Testosterone, SHBG, Hematocrit, Sensitive Estradiol, and PSA Panel offers a comprehensive evaluation of key hormonal and health markers, providing a detailed and accurate assessment of your hormonal health.
Key Components:
Testosterone Levels:
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG): Evaluates the protein that regulates the availability of sex hormones, influencing their activity.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Including Hematocrit: Provides insights into overall blood health, with hematocrit levels indicating the proportion of red blood cells, essential for oxygen transport.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Screens for prostate health, aiding in the early detection of potential issues.
Ultrasensitive Estradiol (LC/MS): Measures estradiol levels with high sensitivity, crucial for understanding estrogen balance.
Benefits:
Comprehensive Assessment: Combines multiple critical tests into one panel, offering a thorough overview of hormonal and general health.
Precision Testing: Employs advanced methodologies like LC/MS and Equilibrium Dialysis for accurate and reliable results.
Cost-effective: Provides significant savings compared to ordering individual tests separately.
Convenience: Streamlines the testing process, reducing the need for multiple appointments and blood draws.
This panel is ideal for individuals seeking an in-depth understanding of their hormonal status, whether for routine health monitoring or to investigate specific health concerns. By encompassing a wide range of tests, it ensures a holistic view of your health, enabling informed decisions and proactive health management.
This economical lab test panel includes the four tests more frequently ordered by men on TRT:
NOTE: Results for hormone tests that use liquid chromatography can take 5-7 business days.
1- Go to the "Find a Location" page to make sure we serve your state and that there is a Quest Diagnostics location near you.
2- Go to "Choose a Test" and add your selection (s) in the shopping cart. You can also save money by buying bundled lab test panels.
3- If you have a discount coupon code, add it to your cart.
4- If you don't have an account with us, you will be asked to create one by adding your name, address, gender, and date of birth.
5- Place your order by using a credit card.
6- You will receive three emails: an order confirmation & detailed instructions within minutes about how to download your lab requisition form to take to the lab near you.
7- Print the lab requisition form (PDF file).
8- Take that form to the Quest Diagnostics lab near you . You can walk in but we suggest that you make an appointment to cut down on potential waiting (instructions on how to do so are in our "Find a Location" page). Get your blood drawn at the lab.
9- Your results will be ready within 3-7 business days (Depending on the test. Sensitive hormone tests done by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry LC/MS take 5-7 business days). You will received them by email as soon as they come in.
This lab test panel is good for men and women.
This panel includes:
This panel is useful in determining the health of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA) and whether a man has primary or secondary hypogonadism. Only for men and women not currently on testosterone therapy. If you are on TRT, LH and FSH will be zero or very low, so this panel would not be helpful.
The examination of FSH, LH, and testosterone is helpful in the treatment of male infertility.
The primary regulators of germ cell development are:
This panel is helpful in determining primary or secondary hypogonadism disorder. It is also recommended for assessing the health of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, also known as HPTA.
Tests will be worth considering only for persons who do not undertake TRT, LH, or FSH therapy at the time.
Testosterone is the most essential male hormone, with a significant role in developing a man's reproductive system. Still, it plays a vital role in many other areas of health, both for men and women.
Testosterone is produced in the testicles and ovaries. Testosterone is also significantly reduced in the adrenal glands (located above the kidneys) in both sexes.
The brain and pituitary gland (a small endocrine gland at the base of the brain that secretes hormones) control testosterone production.
The hypothalamus transmits to the pituitary gland how much hormone to produce, and the pituitary gland sends the message to the testicles or ovaries. Further on, testosterone, like other hormones, enters the bloodstream, reaching other organs.
For men, testing may be recommended for:
In women, testing may be recommended for:
Together with FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH belongs to the gonadotropic family. The intermittent release of GnRH from the hypothalamus regulates the pulsatile secretion of FSH and LH.
LH and FSH regulate and stimulate the growth and functioning of the gonads (ovaries and testicles). Cells of the anterior pituitary gland are responsible for producing the two hormones. They reach the blood and from there to the gonads.
In the ovaries, LH and FSH stimulate the growth and maturation of follicles, the formation and evolution of the corpus luteum, and the synthesis and secretion of estrogen and progesterone.
In men, LH stimulates the activity of Leydig testicular cells, which is why it is also called the interstitial cell-stimulating hormone.
The highest level of LH occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, inducing ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum (whose main secretion product is progesterone). In Leydig cells in the LH testes, it stimulates testosterone production and controls the normal maturation of sperm.
For men, LH testing may be recommended for:
In women, testing may be recommended for:
Follicular hormone (FSH) is an essential component of the body's reproductive function, being responsible for the development of ovarian follicles in women and the production of sperm in men.
In women, ovarian follicles produce estrogen and progesterone and help maintain menstrual cycles.
FSH is required for the start of spermatogenesis and the maturation of spermatozoa.
Higher levels of FSH in infertile men are thought to be a reliable sign of germinal epithelium damage. High FSH blood levels have been linked to sperm production issues like azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.
In men, FSH is a component of the development of the testicular function, contributing to the production of semen. FSH analysis measures the levels of FSH in the blood.
Your doctor may recommend this test to find the underlying cause of the symptoms that affect your reproductive system.
In women, FSH testing may be recommended for:
In men, FSH testing may be recommended for:
HPTA stands for hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. It is composed of:
The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis is primarily responsible for male reproduction, the development, and the maintenance of male sexual traits.
The primary regulator is GnRH, which controls the male reproductive hormonal cascade. Through a closed-loop feedback system, the HPT axis maintains a dynamic equilibrium of serum levels of reproductive hormones.
After making progress in the study of reproduction, it now looks like the main hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular circuit is not separate, but rather part of the endocrine system. The glands work together to keep the body in balance.
The functional disorganization, at any level, of this general circuit will have transitory or definitive implications for the genital sphere of the male and, more precisely, on his fertility.
Men can be born with or develop hypogonadism, a condition in which the testicles do not make enough testosterone and sperm because the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis does not work right.
Hypogonadism is classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. There is no universal cause for this. These two types of testosterone deficiency may be either inherited or caused by a particular event in life, like infections or injuries. Sometimes, these disorders may happen together at once.
The hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads (also called the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis [HPGA] or HPTA) work together to control the testosterone levels and reproductive function of the gonads. The three glands communicate through a cascade of hormones and a self-regulating feedback loop that controls the generation of each hormone. The release of GnRH from the hypothalamus regulates the secretion of other hormones (gonadotropins) that influence the testicles by way of the pituitary. GnRH controls the anterior pituitary secretion of two gonadotropin hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Luteinizing hormone regulates the production and secretion of testosterone through the Leydig cells of the testes, while FSH stimulates the production of sperm.
When someone is diagnosed with low testosterone blood levels, this is known as "hypogonadism.” There are several types of hypogonadism:
Clinical symptoms depend on the age at which the hormone deficiency sets in androgens.
If hypogonadism develops before puberty, for example, as part of a genetic condition, the man will have:
Symptoms are less specific if hypogonadism develops after puberty and is characterized, for example, by:
As hormones are sometimes unpredictable and may affect us more than we can see with the bare eye, it is recommended to have at least once a year. If any of the symptoms above are present, it is recommended to visit a doctor anytime soon. For testosterone, LH, FSH testing, and many others, go to DiscountedLabs.com and take your test in the proximity of your home.
Click for more information about how to choose the best testosterone test for you.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
THIS IS THE MOST AFFORDABLE TESTOSTERONE TEST IN THE U.S. The most accurate way to measure total testosterone is with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry. This panel also shows free testosterone percent by equilibrium dialysis and free testosterone calculated from percent free T. This test is more accurate for low and high testosterone levels (men who expect high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL, women, and children who usually have low T levels). There are no hidden fees, and there is no interference with supplements or anabolics. Note: Results may take 5-7 business days. If you want a faster turnaround, choose this test instead: Testosterone, Free, Bioavailable and Total (With Lower & Upper Limit) plus SHBG
This panel includes the most accurate method of measuring the total amount of testosterone, which is the gold standard test (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry), as well as free testosterone percent by equilibrium dialysis and free testosterone calculated from percent free T. This test, known as the total testosterone test, is more accurate for low and high testosterone blood levels (men who expect high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL, women, and children who usually have low T levels). It has no interference with supplements or anabolics. Note: Results may take 5-7 business days. For a quicker turnaround, choose this test instead: testosterone, free, bioavailable, and total (with a lower and upper limit), plus SHBG.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), the most accurate method, measures total testosterone. Equilibrium dialysis measures the percent of free testosterone and calculates the percentage of free T. It is adequate for men who expect high T levels, as well as for women (LC/MS is accurate for both high and low T levels).
Are you a man or a woman who is interested in purchasing a testosterone test? If so, it is important to understand the different assay types available for measuring testosterone levels in your blood. Two of the most accurate methods are liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for total testosterone measurement and equilibrium dialysis for free testosterone measurement.
LC-MS is highly sensitive and specific, and it can precisely measure testosterone levels in your blood sample. This method is able to distinguish testosterone from other substances that may interfere with the measurement, making it more accurate than traditional immunoassays like radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LC-MS is particularly useful for diagnosing and monitoring testosterone deficiency or replacement therapy in males and females.
Equilibrium dialysis is a laboratory technique that separates free hormone from bound hormone. This method is considered the gold standard for measuring free testosterone levels because it is more accurate than other methods, such as calculated free testosterone (cFT) and ultrafiltration. Additionally, equilibrium dialysis is more dependable than other techniques and is unaffected by things like albumin levels.
In conclusion, we recommend that if you are a man looking to purchase a testosterone test, you should look for a test that uses LC-MS for total testosterone measurement and equilibrium dialysis for free testosterone measurement. These assay types are considered the most accurate methods available, and they can help you accurately determine your testosterone levels for diagnosis and treatment purposes.
Accurate testosterone testing is crucial for both men and women to ensure optimal health, wellness, and fitness. By utilizing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as an advanced assay type, we can accurately measure both free and total testosterone levels to ensure optimal health, wellness, and fitness. Understanding these advanced methods will allow you to be confident in your test results.
We will also explore the advantages of LC/MS/MS for detecting testosterone molecules without interference from other substances in blood samples. Additionally, we'll discuss equilibrium dialysis, a reliable method for measuring free testosterone, and compare it with ultrafiltration techniques.
Furthermore, learn about the CDC's clinical standardization program development efforts aimed at improving measurement accuracy in hormone level testing. Finally, discover how ordering laboratory tests online has become easier than ever before, with step-by-step guidance on scheduling tests through an online platform. As you continue reading this post on accurate testosterone tests, you will gain valuable insights into interpreting test results to better understand normal ranges for total and free testosterone while identifying potential health concerns related to abnormal levels. Your results from this testosterone level test, performed in a CLIA-certified clinical laboratory, will provide detailed information on whether your testosterone level is normal, low, or high compared to reference ranges in your age group. If you’re experiencing signs and symptoms of abnormal testosterone levels, sharing your test results with your health care provider can help them recommend possible next steps to take.
Testosterone plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. It is essential to measure both free and total testosterone levels for an accurate assessment of hormonal balance. LC/MS/MS in combination with equilibrium dialysis is the most accurate way to determine free and total testosterone levels.
Only about 1–3% of total testosterone circulates freely in the bloodstream, free from binding to proteins like albumin or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). This unbound fraction represents a biologically active hormone that can readily exert its effects on target tissues.
To get a comprehensive understanding of your hormonal status, it's vital to measure both free and total testosterone levels using highly accurate methods such as LC/MS/MS.
LC/MS/MS, a highly precise assay type with several advantages over traditional immunoassays when measuring testosterone levels in blood samples, is widely considered one of the most accurate methods available. LC/MS/MS provides highly accurate results that are unaffected by cross-reactivity with other steroid compounds by separating hormones from other molecules in blood samples.
Equilibrium dialysis, on the other hand, is an accurate method for measuring free testosterone levels. It allows only unbound hormones to pass through while retaining protein-bound hormones. This combination of LC/MS/MS and equilibrium dialysis ensures a precise evaluation of both total and free testosterone in your blood samples.
Understanding the differences between free and total testosterone levels, as well as using a highly accurate assay type such as LC/MS to measure them, is essential to accurately assessing an individual's health. Examining the merits of LC/MS/MS for assessing testosterone levels is worthwhile.
To accurately assess hormonal balance, it's important to measure both free and total testosterone levels. The most accurate way to figure out these levels is to use liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with equilibrium dialysis. Cross-reactivity with other steroid compounds has no impact on the very specific results produced by this method. This ensures a precise evaluation of both total and free testosterone in your blood samples.
LC/MS/MS is a better way to measure testosterone levels than immunoassays because it is more specific for finding testosterone molecules, can tell similar compounds apart, doesn't have upper or lower limits, and doesn't react with other steroid compounds. These benefits include high specificity, the ability to distinguish between similar compounds, the lack of upper or lower limit constraints, and no cross-reactivity with other steroid compounds. This test can help you monitor your testosterone levels, making it an easy, reliable way to track the effectiveness of different kinds of testosterone therapy you may be undergoing, such as testosterone replacement therapy.
The high specificity of LC/MS/MS allows it to accurately detect and quantify testosterone molecules in a blood sample without interference from other substances. LC/MS's specificity is beneficial in avoiding issues with traditional immunoassays, such as the possibility of other molecules or proteins interfering with hormone measurements.
In addition to its high specificity, LC/MS/MS also has minimal interference from other substances present in blood samples. It achieves this by separating testosterone from these interfering substances using chromatography before detecting and quantifying them using mass spectrometry. As a result, this method provides more accurate results compared to traditional immunoassays, which may be affected by cross-reactivity with other steroid compounds. For example, some older assays could not differentiate between testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), leading to inaccurate test results.
LC/MS/MS does not have upper or lower limit constraints, which means it can accurately measure testosterone levels across a wide range of concentrations. This is particularly important for individuals with very high or low testosterone levels who may require accurate measurements to guide their treatment plans.
Lack of Cross-Reactivity: Unlike some immunoassays, LC/MS/MS does not cross-react with other steroid compounds. This guarantees that the measured testosterone levels accurately reflect the hormone's concentration in the blood sample, free from the influence of similar molecules (source).
In conclusion, LC/MS/MS is better than traditional immunoassays for measuring testosterone levels in the blood because it is very specific, does not have any upper or lower limit restrictions, and does not react with other steroid compounds.
Overall, LC/MS/MS offers a reliable and specific method for measuring testosterone levels in the blood. Next, we can use equilibrium dialysis as another technique to accurately measure free testosterone concentrations.
LC/MS/MS is a more accurate method for measuring testosterone levels than traditional immunoassays due to its high specificity, lack of interference from other substances in blood samples, and no upper or lower limit constraints. It also does not exhibit cross-reactivity with other steroid compounds, ensuring that the measured testosterone levels are truly representative of the hormone's concentration in the blood sample.
When it comes to determining free testosterone levels, equilibrium dialysis stands out as the most accurate method. This technique offers a significant advantage over other methods like ultrafiltration because it allows only unbound hormones to pass through while retaining protein-bound hormones.
Equilibrium dialysis is a laboratory procedure that uses a semipermeable membrane to separate free and bound hormones in blood samples. The process involves placing the sample on one side of the membrane and allowing it to reach equilibrium with an appropriate buffer solution on the other side. Only unbound or "free" hormones can cross this barrier, so they will move into the buffer solution while protein-bound hormones remain behind.
In addition, several studies have demonstrated that equilibrium dialysis provides more accurate and reliable results for measuring free testosterone levels compared to ultrafiltration methods. Equilibrium dialysis is especially helpful for checking the hormone levels of people who have conditions like hypogonadism or thyroid dysfunction that might change how testosterone binds to proteins.
Equilibrium dialysis in conjunction with LC/MS for total testosterone quantification provides healthcare professionals with a complete comprehension of an individual's hormonal composition, allowing them to make knowledgeable decisions regarding their treatment plans.
Equilibrium dialysis is a reliable and accurate method for measuring free testosterone levels, making it an ideal choice for those seeking to monitor their hormone health. As the CDC continues its development efforts in clinical standardization programs, we can expect further improvements in measurement accuracy.
Equilibrium dialysis is the most accurate method for measuring free testosterone levels, as it separates free and bound hormones in blood samples. It offers advantages over ultrafiltration techniques, including higher sensitivity, precision, and selectivity. Healthcare providers can use equilibrium dialysis alongside LC/MS/MS to obtain a comprehensive understanding of an individual's hormonal profile for informed treatment decisions.
With the emergence of modern technology, checking one's testosterone levels has become more effortless than ever. At DiscountedLabs.com, you can order lab tests online in just a few simple steps.
Understanding your testosterone test results is crucial for maintaining optimal health and wellness. In this section, we will discuss how to interpret the results from LC/MS and equilibrium dialysis-based testosterone testing methods, as well as the normal ranges for total and free testosterone levels in both men and women.
Total testosterone levels may differ based on age, gender, the time of day the sample was taken, and overall health. Generally speaking, normal ranges are:
The range for free testosterone also varies between individuals, but typically falls within these guidelines:
If your total or free testosterone levels fall outside the standard parameters mentioned above, it may indicate an underlying health issue. Abnormal hormone concentrations can raise various potential concerns.
Hypogonadism: In men, low total or free testosterone levels can indicate hypogonadism, a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone. Low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and exhaustion may be signs of hypogonadism.
If you suspect any health issues related to your testosterone levels based on your test results from LC/MS and equilibrium dialysis methods, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and appropriate treatment options.
Understanding your level of testosterone, an important androgen hormone, is crucial for maintaining optimal health. Normal ranges for total and free testosterone levels vary between men and women, and abnormal hormone concentrations could indicate underlying health issues such as hypogonadism or PCOS. If you suspect any concerns about your testosterone levels, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and appropriate treatment options, including a hormone testosterone blood test. By measuring the total level of testosterone, you can identify any factors that might interfere with sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass, or the production of red blood cells and sperm.
This technique is considered the gold standard for measuring free testosterone. This technique accurately measures the amount of unbound, biologically active testosterone in blood samples by separating it from protein-bound hormones using a semipermeable membrane.
The most accurate way to measure testosterone levels is through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This highly specific assay type detects and quantifies both total and free testosterone with minimal interference from other substances present in blood samples. For more information, read Types of Testosterone Tests: Pros and Cons.
Are you feeling sluggish, having trouble concentrating, or noticing decreased libido? These are all signs that could indicate symptoms of low testosterone levels. Before taking any hormone therapy, it is critical to recognize the source and assess your present health status accurately. A hormone quiz can be an effective tool for men interested in learning more about their hormones and whether they require further testing or treatment. Taking this type of quiz will help provide insight into potential imbalances within the body, such as changes in sexual function, lower or absent sex drive, and increased body fat. Natural solutions like diet changes, lifestyle adjustments, and other therapies can address these signs of low testosterone levels before resorting to prescription medications. However, if the quiz results indicate low testosterone levels, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider and undergo additional tests to diagnose or rule out medical conditions. Continue reading to discover the details of a testosterone hormone quiz, its advantages, and the steps to initiate it right now.
Testosterone tests can be highly accurate when performed using advanced methods like LC/MS and equilibrium dialysis. These techniques provide precise measurements of total and free hormone levels, enabling healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about treatment options based on individual needs.
The best option for men seeking an accurate measurement of their hormone levels would be a combination of testosterone, free (dialysis), and total (LS/MS). This comprehensive testing approach ensures reliable results by evaluating both bound and unbound forms of this essential male hormone.
DiscountedLabs.com offers the most affordable and accurate total and free testosterone test panel in labs near you. You can easily buy a testosterone test in your area without a doctor's visit or insurance.
Let's look at a study that reveals the strong connection between testosterone levels and how a fed or fasting state can affect them. This study shows how eating a 550-calorie meal consisting of protein, fat, and carbohydrates can influence testosterone levels.
After just 15 minutes of meal ingestion, testosterone levels decreased in the fed group. After 30 minutes of serving the meal, the decrease persisted. Other hormones and parameters remained the same; just the total and bioavailable testosterone levels decreased significantly.
After reviewing the results, the experts realized that the decrease in testosterone levels was about 30%. This was the case for all study participants, with no exceptions. This study also exemplifies how testing the testosterone levels in a fasted state is much different than testing them in a fed state.
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) for Total Testosterone Measurement (Spandidos Publications) (Oxford University Press).
Equilibrium Dialysis for Free Testosterone Measurement (Oxford University Press).
Comparison with Immunoassay (Oxford University Press) (Oxford Academic).
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This is the fastest turnaround testosterone test panel that takes the least amount of time to perform and that includes 5 important tests: 1- Total testosterone, 2- Calculated free testosterone, 3- Calculated bioavailable (unbound) testosterone, 4- Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin. Testosterone has an upper limit under 1,500 ng/dL and lower limit of 250 ng/dL (ECLIA, immunoassay).
There are several types of testosterone tests that can be used to measure the levels of testosterone in a person's body. These tests include:
Total testosterone test: This test measures the total amount of testosterone in the blood. It is the most common type of testosterone test and is used to diagnose testosterone deficiency or excess.
Free testosterone test: This test measures the amount of testosterone that is not bound to proteins in the blood. It is used to diagnose testosterone deficiency or excess and to monitor testosterone therapy.
Bioavailable testosterone test: This test measures the amount of testosterone that is available to the body's cells. It is used to diagnose testosterone deficiency or excess and to monitor testosterone therapy.
For men expecting very high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL or low testosterone levels under 250 ng/dL, the testosterone LC/MS panel or the Testosterone Total LC/MS & Free T by Equilibrium Analysis, Biovailable T and SHBG panel is more appropiate but takes a few more days to perform.
Women can order this other testosterone panel since their T levels may be lower, which requires liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for accuracy.
Due to the diminished accuracy of immunoassay at total testosterone levels below 250 ng/dL, calculations of the Free and Bioavailable Testosterone are not accurate and will not be reported.
Testosterone, Total, Males (Adult), Immunoassay: Dietary supplements containing biotin may interfere in assays and may skew results to be either falsely high or falsely low. For patients receiving the recommended daily doses of biotin, draw samples at least 8 hours following the last biotin supplementation. For patients on mega-doses of biotin supplements, draw samples at least 72 hours following the last biotin supplementation.
Note: The lab requisition form will list this test as
Testosterone, Free, Bioavailable and Total, Males (Adult)
without including SHBG. No worries! The results will include SHBG since it is needed to calculate bioavailable testosterone.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
For those seeking a deeper understanding of their hormonal health, Discounted Labs offers the Testosterone, Thyroid, and Estradiol Panel. This panel, which combines five essential hormone tests, is not only cost-effective—saving you $20 compared to purchasing each test separately—but also offers a detailed analysis of key hormone levels in the body.
Total and Free Testosterone: Utilizing the latest in LC/MS assay technology, this test measures both total testosterone without any upper limit constraints and free testosterone via equilibrium dialysis. This approach is particularly beneficial for accurately gauging testosterone levels, even if they exceed 1500 nd/dL.
TSH, Free T4, and Free T3: TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), free thyroxine (T4), and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels give a full picture of how well the thyroid is working. This part of the panel is crucial for diagnosing conditions like hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland underproduces hormones, leading to a reduction in the body's energy usage rate.
Ultra-Sensitive Estradiol (LC/MS): This test is particularly notable for its precision in measuring estradiol levels. Estradiol, a form of estrogen produced through the conversion of testosterone, plays a significant role in various bodily functions like bone health, cognitive functioning, sex drive, and body composition in both men and women. The ultra-sensitive estradiol test, which uses liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry, is better than traditional immunoassay tests because they do not get C-reactive protein levels right as often as they get estradiol levels.
NOTE: If you are taking a supplement with a high concentration of biotin, please stop it 72 hours before the blood draw since it may interfere with hormone blood tests.
IMPORTANT: Discounted Labs only serves these states: Find a Location
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
Understanding and monitoring key health indicators is crucial in an era that emphasizes personal health and wellness. DiscountedLabs.com's Comprehensive Testosterone Test Panel exemplifies precision and thoroughness in hormonal analysis, offering a detailed insight into an individual's testosterone levels.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) is employed to provide an accurate measurement of total testosterone levels in the blood. This method is renowned for its precision, which is crucial for assessing overall testosterone status.
Understanding total testosterone levels is essential for evaluating overall health, particularly in assessing hormonal balance and vitality. It's a primary indicator in determining if testosterone levels are within a normal range, influencing numerous aspects of health and well-being.
Free testosterone represents the active fraction of testosterone, influencing bodily functions such as muscle strength, bone density, and libido. It's critical in understanding the hormonal balance and identifying potential deficiencies or excesses.
Bioavailable Testosterone is calculated through a combination of LC/MS/MS-derived total testosterone, free testosterone levels, albumin, and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG).
Understanding the portion of testosterone readily available to body tissues is vital. Both free testosterone and testosterone bound to albumin make up bioavailable testosterone, offering a comprehensive view of the testosterone actively influencing bodily functions.
Bioavailable Testosterone refers to testosterone that is not bound to SHBG and is readily available for use by the body. It includes:
The measurement of bioavailable testosterone is crucial, particularly in scenarios where SHBG levels are abnormal due to medical conditions, age, or other factors. It offers a more accurate indication of the testosterone actively at work in the body.
SHBG is quantified to understand the protein that binds to sex hormones, including testosterone.
Measuring SHBG is essential in evaluating the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy and diagnosing hormonal imbalances. It plays a crucial role in understanding how much testosterone is freely available in the body.
Albumin, a blood plasma protein responsible for transporting various substances, including hormones, is assessed to aid in calculating bioavailable testosterone.
Beyond their role in hormone transport, albumin levels provide insights into metabolic and liver health, making it a crucial marker for overall wellness.
The Comprehensive Testosterone Test Panel is beneficial for:
The Comprehensive Testosterone Test Panel by DiscountedLabs.com stands as a testament to detailed and accurate hormonal health assessment. By encompassing various tests like Total Testosterone, Free Testosterone, Bioavailable Testosterone, SHBG, and Albumin, it provides a holistic view of one's testosterone levels and hormonal health, playing a pivotal role in managing well-being and lifestyle choices. Whether you're dealing with specific health conditions or aiming for optimal health, understanding your testosterone levels is a significant step towards achieving your health goals.
Note: Despite SHBG not being listed on the lab requisition form under "Testosterone, Free, Bioavailable, and Total, Males (Adult)," rest assured the results include this critical component, as it's necessary for calculating bioavailable testosterone.
For those considering this comprehensive approach to understanding their testosterone levels and overall hormonal health, DiscountedLabs.com offers an accessible, thorough, and precise solution.
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
References:
Total Testosterone (LC/MS)
Free Testosterone
Bioavailable Testosterone
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Albumin
General Reference on Testosterone Testing and Hormonal Health
This is a very economical panel that includes:
1- Hematocrit: Portion of total blood volume made up of red blood cells. Testosterone replacement therapy can increase hematocrit. Hematocrit over 52 may increase blood thickness and cardiovascular risks.
2- Total Testosterone (LC/MS- No Upper Limit) and Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Dialysis). This is the most accurate testosterone test on the market.
IMPORTANT: Discounted Labs only serves these states: Find a Location
Suggested Reading: Testosterone Replacement Blood Test Targets
This thyroid antibody panel includes:
Before getting deeper into the subject, you may want to have some background information about thyroid, antibodies, hormones, and how all these affect you.
The thyroid can be defined as a small gland, often compared with a butterfly in terms of shape. It lays at the base of your throat and is responsible for producing hormones that serve several processes in our bodies.
It is involved in the process of regulating your weight, controls body temperature and mood, and plays a role as well in muscle strength.
The thyroid uses thyroglobulin in its releasing hormones process to do these functions. If you have an autoimmune disorder, thyroglobulin production may be disrupted by the production of thyroglobulin antibodies.
We know that our immune system is something that we should nurture and care for most as it helps us stay healthy and happy. What you may don't know is that the immune system makes some proteins called antibodies. Antibodies have the role of fighting bacteria or viruses.
The overall role of the antibodies is to protect our organism. However, there are cases when they also attack good cells produced by your body, organs, and tissues. This event is called an autoimmune response.
TPO antibodies are created when the immune system of a person targets by pure error elements of the thyroid gland or protein, leading to chronic thyroid inflammation, tissue damage, and damage to the thyroid function. Leaving this untreated may cause severe health issues. The determination of TPO antibody levels is the most sensitive test for detecting autoimmune thyroid disease (eg, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, idiopathic myxedema, and Graves disease) and detectable concentrations of anti-TPO antibodies are observed in most patients with these disorders. The highest TPO antibody levels are observed in patients suffering from Hashimoto thyroiditis. In this disease, the prevalence of TPO antibodies is about 90% of cases, confirming the autoimmune origin of the disease. These autoantibodies also frequently occur (60%–80%) in the course of Graves disease.
Thyroid antibodies are different in terms of their manner of action. While some may lead to thyroid tissue destruction, others influence an increase of a specific thyroid hormone. The most common types of antibodies tested are TPO, TG, along side with TSH.
This article will have as a debated subject the thyroglobulin antibodies. You will learn what this is, how it works, and what diseases are associated with it.
As the same for any test, before ordering you, you should listen to your symptoms and even more to your healthcare provider. It is also important to inform your doctor if anyone from your family suffers from an autoimmune disease.
General symptoms you may encounter which are associated with thyroglobulin antibodies are:
In the United States, the most common thyroid disorder is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, affecting over 14 million citizens.
Moreover, Graves and Hashimoto disorders are known to influence other issues such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. This happens because of the interference of the immune system with the thyroid gland, affecting its course.
The most important aspect would be for you to discuss with your healthcare provider about the medication and supplements you take.
Some of them may interfere with the components of certain medications and lead to inconclusive results. One example is the Biotin supplement; you may need to stop administration before the test.
Regarding the test in itself, it can be done in any lab. Some of them offer packages in which this test is included alongside other hormone tests usually required for a more specific diagnosis.
For this test, the best outcome is to have a negative result which means there were no antithyroglobulin antibodies detected in your blood.
In case the result of the test turned positive, with small amounts of antibodies found, then one of the following disorders may be the cause:
In case the result of the test turned positive, with high amounts of antibodies found, then one of the following disorders may be the cause:
Please talk to your doctor to discuss your thyroid antibody results for best course of action.
Key features of this panel include:
Broad Spectrum Testing: It covers a wide range of tests, including Complete Blood Count, Metabolic Panel, Lipid Panel, and specific hormone evaluations like Testosterone, Estradiol, and DHEA-S, ensuring a well-rounded health assessment.
Thyroid Function Analysis: With tests like TSH, Free T3, and Free T4, it offers an in-depth look at thyroid health, crucial for metabolism, energy levels, and overall hormonal balance.
Cardiovascular Health Indicators: The panel includes a Lipid Panel and Cardio C-Reactive Protein test, aiding in the assessment of heart disease risk factors.
Comprehensive Urinalysis: This aspect of the test provides insights into kidney function and urinary tract health, adding another dimension to the evaluation.
Nutrient Level Assessment: It measures Vitamin D and B12 levels, as well as Iron and Ferritin, highlighting potential deficiencies or overloads.
Precision and Reliability: The tests use advanced methodologies, such as LC/MS for Testosterone testing, ensuring high accuracy and reliability in results.
Value for Money: Considering the range and depth of tests included, this panel offers significant savings compared to purchasing individual tests separately.
In summary, the "Ultimate Lab Test Panel for Men and Women" is an all-encompassing, precise, and cost-effective solution for anyone looking to gain a comprehensive insight into their health, particularly in terms of hormonal balance, organ function, and nutritional status
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A urinalysis is a laboratory test of a person's urine. It detects and managesvarious disorders, including urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes. A urinalysis may screen for and diagnose medical conditions, monitor treatment, and help guide further testing.
A typical urinalysis includes several different tests:
Physical examination: This includes the urine's appearance, color, and clarity.
Chemical examination: This includes tests for specific substances in the urine, such as glucose (a type of sugar), protein, and ketones (substances produced during the breakdown of fats).
The microscopic examination involves looking at a urine sample under a microscope to check for abnormal cells, bacteria, and other substances.
The results of a urinalysis can help diagnose and manage various conditions, including infections, kidney disease, and diabetes. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.
The Urinalysis test screens for various conditions, including urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary bladder disease, kidney disease, and diabetes. Many systemic illnesses can affect results, and significant deviations from the normal range may require further evaluation by your physician.
Tests Included
Limitations: There needs to be more volume to limit the extent of procedures performed. High vitamin C intake may cause an underestimate of glucosuria or a false-negative nitrite test. Metabolites of Pyridium® may interfere with the dipstick reactions by producing color interference.
One of the most efficient analyses with zero medical intrusion is urinalysis, also called urine test. It is used to examine substances from the urine at a chemical, microscopic or visual level.
Usually, healthcare providers request a urinalysis because of its complex assessment. Depending on the symptoms you may encounter, the doctor will decide what indicators to be examined.
Usually, this test is performed when the patient presents symptoms associated with a urinary infection, the urinary system, or liver disorders.
The urinary system has multiple functions besides removing waste produced by kidneys in the form of urine. It also balances the body's fluids and electrolytes and releases hormones that control blood pressure and red blood cell production. Another less-known function is maintaining calcium and phosphorus levels that translate into healthy bones.
As the renal system (urinary system) is vulnerable in the face of multiple infections, some leading to kidney blockage, it is essential to remove waste when the body feels like it. Do not hold pee for too long, stay hydrated, have a meticulous hygiene routine, and take a urine test at least once a year.
It is recommended to follow a urine test when you have one or many of these symptoms:
Other situations when the urinalysis is requested:
Urinalysis comprises a large number of tests, each one being valuable for the identification of certain disorders. Generally, your doctor will want to check three aspects of your urine, color and appearance, chemical, and microscopic findings.
Chemical tests are performed under the dipsticks procedure using test strips introduced in the urine sample and color according to the substances encountered.
Protein - in the urine test, proteins such as albumin are examined to determine disorders such as kidney disorders, dehydration, or heart failure. Lower protein values in the urine are not a concern, while higher values may indicate a kidney disorder.
PH - The PH indicates the levels of acidity in the urine. High PH levels can be a sign of kidney disorders or tract infections. Conversely, low PH levels signify diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, or diarrhea.
Ketones - ketone is a product of your body when breaking down fatty acids and fats for energy. This process happens when you need to consume more carbohydrates or glucose. Ketones are also checked when there is a suspicion of diabetes-related ketoacidosis.
Glucose - Glucose is often examined in the blood. If glucose is found in the urine, this may be a sign of diabetes.
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced by the liver, found in the bile. Abnormal values for this indicator may indicate a liver disorder.
Nitrite - a positive test for nitrite indicates a urinary tract infection. Nitrite should not be confused with nitrate, a product from bacteria found in urine. There are cases when the nitrite test turns negative while having a urinary infection. This is why it is best to have other indicators examined simultaneously.
Leukocyte esterase urine - an enzyme found in the white blood cells. If the test turns positive, then this is an indication of inflammation in the urinary system.
Urine specific gravity - this test will evaluate the concentration of all the chemical elements from the urine. Abnormal values are associated with many health disorders, and doctors should consider this alongside other tests.
Urinalysis-microscopic examination: This exam can identify substances that cannot be seen with a bare eye. The elements looked for at the microscope are:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Elevated levels of RBC may indicate kidney disorders, blood problems, or urinary system cancer.
White blood cells (leukocytes) - a high number of these cells indicate an active infection
Bacteria/ Parasites - indicates infection of the urinary tract.
Crystals - an indication of kidney stones
Epithelial cells may indicate tumors in abnormal values, but the sample may also be contaminated, and the test should be redone.
Tube-shaped proteins - this may appear in case of kidney disorder/modification.
Occult blood - blood found in urine may indicate more issues; it may be a sign of kidney disorder, infections, cancers, or coagulation problems. For this indicator, various analyses are needed to identify the problem.
Urobilinogen - urobilinogen or urine is a product of erythrocytes processing. This indicator has higher levels in case of hemolytic jaundice or other intestinal disorders.
Microscopic examination of urine sediment - Your healthcare provider may ask you to perform a test for the urine sediment as well to determine whether small, undetected elements may be present in the urine, such as:
Many aspects can affecturine color, either due to food, medication, or a particular disorder. Colors are significant indicators, especially before taking a blood/urine test.
Transparent - If the urine is clear, this may mean that you consume enough water. If cloudy, it may indicate the presence of compounds or cells.
Light yellow - Your urine is normal, your body is adequately hydrated, and your kidneys are functioning well.
Dark yellow - Still normal. It would help if you stayed more hydrated, so make sure that you drink more water whenever you can
Honey yellow - You don't drink enough water for the body to work correctly.
Orange - When the urine turns orange, it is still possible that dehydration may be the cause. If the color persists, further should be done to evaluate whether a hepatic disorder or urinary bladder issues may be present.
Brown - This may be an indication of hepatic disease or severe dehydration.
Pink or Red - Usually, when urine turns pink or red, this may mean that blood is present. The red color may also appear after eating certain foods with intense red pigment. If a doctor confirms this, further tests should be performed to evaluate possibilities for hepatic disorders, infections, tumors, or sometimes mercury intoxication.
Blue/Green urine - This is not a common situation. This color may signify a rare genetic disease, or in milder cases, you've ingested a food coloring product or a result of medicine.
Whenever you see abnormal color in your urine, you must note how frequently this happens to identify whether you were consuming products with coloring. Some highly pigmented foods like beet, blueberries, turmeric, and certain medicines and supplements may change the color of your urine.
In terms of appearance, acidity and foaming could be present in the urine. If any of those appear, this may signify a protein excess or kidney disorders.
The first thing to do is to have a clinical evaluation by a doctor. You should follow the doctor's instructions before collectingthem, but the results may be different than expected. After this, your healthcare provider will issue a referral for the analysis to perform.
Menstrual discharge may affect the values of the test. Your healthcare provider may indicate you give up on specific medication before collecting or collecting first thing in the morning or later in the day. Also, if you are a woman, it is essential to specify whether you are menstruating before the test.
The urinalysis results may provide different interpretations because of the high number of tests. Most times, values out of the standard limit indicate a medical problem. Your healthcare provider may ask you to repeat the tests alongside other blood tests for higher diagnostic accuracy.
Since neither disorder can be fully diagnosed using a urinalysis, this test is often used to show the healthcare provider's direction. The doctors need to get as much information as possible from the patient about symptoms, diet, and medication to follow the correct route.
This comprehensive panel includes key vitamins and minerals that affect quality of life and survival. Test included are:
Vitamin D is essential for bone health and many metabolic processes. The body derives it from sunlight and food sources. Many people do not get enough sunlight or do not consume enough vitamin D rich foods. This test is important to determine if you need vitamin D supplementation or if your current supplementation is effective.
Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and the formation of red blood cells. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
B12 and folic acid blood testing help doctors diagnose central nervous system disorders, anemia, and malabsorption syndromes. B12 and folic acid also play an important role in energy level, muscle strength and memory. Because B12 and folate are derived solely from dietary intake, such as egg yolks, beef, poultry and fish, many people are deficient in these important vitamins.
A Magnesium in RBC (Red Blood Cells) test can provide an earlier indicator of magnesium deficiency that a standard magnesium blood test. When levels are low, the body will pull magnesium from the cells to keep blood levels normal. In this case, a magnesium blood test may show normal levels while a magnesium RBC test will give a more accurate result.
This test measures Zinc levels in red blood cells (RBC). Red blood cell (RBC) analysis is an invaluable method for assessing insufficiency or excess of elements that have important functions within cells or on blood cell membranes. It may be more accurate than testing Zinc in blood serum.
Understanding your nutrient levels is crucial to maintaining optimal health, and a vitamin blood test panel can provide valuable insights. Testing can gauge the levels of vitamins and minerals present in one's system, delivering a thorough assessment of nutritional well-being.
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the importance of regular vitamin testing, focusing on key nutrients like vitamin D, B-12, and folate, as well as RBC magnesium and RBC zinc levels. We'll also explain how you can purchase your own test panel online or find a lab location near you.
Furthermore, we will walk you through the lab process for getting your blood drawn without an appointment and presenting your lab request form. Once results are available, usually via email notifications, we'll help you decipher what these numbers mean for you.
If you need further assistance with the post-results interpretation or have any queries about the vitamin blood test panel process or results meaning, our team is here to support you every step of the way.
Want to know what's going on inside your body? Get a Vitamin and Mineral Test Panel. It's like a report card for your nutrient levels.
Don't wait until you're feeling run down to check your nutrient levels. Regular testing can help you catch deficiencies before they become a problem. Plus, who doesn't enjoy receiving positive feedback?
Don't forget about minerals. Magnesium helps keep your energy levels up, while zinc is essential for a healthy immune system and speedy wound healing. Make sure you're not running low on these micronutrients by getting a RBC magnesium test and a RBC zinc test.
Remember, knowledge is power. Ensure your nutrient levels remain optimal so you can experience the sensation of being a superhero.
Purchasing your own vitamin and mineral test panel is a breeze. Let's guide you through the process.
The first step in purchasing your own test panel is finding a lab location near you. At DiscountedLabs.com, we have partnered with numerous labs across most cities in the U.S., making it convenient for everyone to access our services. Simply visit our website and use our handy lab locator tool to find a lab closest to you.
Once you've found a suitable lab location, head over to our online store, where all available tests are listed categorically for ease of navigation. To purchase, simply add the desired Vitamin and Mineral Test Panel or any other tests into your shopping cart by clicking on 'Add To Cart'. Fill out the necessary information, including name, date of birth, etc., then proceed to checkout when ready.
We understand that health costs can quickly add up, which is why at Discounted Labs we offer discount coupon codes regularly so everyone can afford their needed tests. If applicable, enter these codes during checkout under the "Promo Code' section before finalizing payment; this will automatically deduct the discount amount from the total cost. Always check back often, as new discounts are added frequently.
In just three simple steps: locating a nearby lab using our locator tool; selecting required tests online; and applying any valid promo code, anyone can easily purchase their own affordable vitamin blood test panel without needing a doctor's visit or insurance coverage hassle.
Navigating through the lab process can be made easy and stress-free with DiscountedLabs.com, eliminating the need for appointments. At DiscountedLabs.com, we make it easy and stress-free for you.
Your lab request form is like a golden ticket. It tells the phlebotomist which tests you need. After purchasing on DiscountedLabs.com, we'll email you the form. Print the form and take it to the laboratory.
Remember to check the instructions on your lab request form before heading in, as fasting may be required for some tests.
If you have any questions or concerns, our customer service team at Discounted Labs is here to help you every step of the way.
To recap:
At DiscountedLabs.com, we're committed to making your lab experience as easy and convenient as possible. So go ahead, take charge of your health, and get those tests done.
At DiscountedLabs.com, we prioritize your wellbeing above all else and strive to provide you with the results of your test as promptly as feasible. Once the lab processes your blood sample, you'll get an email notification with a link to view your results online.
We know waiting for test results can be stressful. That's why we provide fast turnaround times on all our vitamin blood test panels. Once the analysis is complete, you'll receive an email containing a secure link for accessing your results without delay. No delays or lost mail - everything is digital and instant.
After receiving your results, the next step is understanding what they mean for your health. Our detailed reports include reference ranges alongside each result, making it easy for anyone to interpret their levels of vitamins D, B-12, folate, RBC magnesium, and zinc.
If you're unsure about these interpretations or suspect a potential deficiency based on the numbers provided, please don't hesitate to reach out to us for further assistance post-results reception via info@discountedlabs.com.
DiscountedLabs.com delivers quick results for their vitamin blood test panels via email. The reports include reference ranges and interpretations of the levels of vitamins D, B-12, folate, RBC magnesium, and zinc. If unsure about the interpretations or suspect a potential deficiency based on the numbers provided, customers can reach out to Discounted Labs for further assistance post-results reception via [email protected].
If you have questions or need further clarification after receiving your test results, don't worry. We at DiscountedLabs.com are here to help. Our dedicated customer service team is available to assist with any inquiries you may have regarding your vitamin blood test panel results.
We understand that interpreting lab results can sometimes be confusing and daunting. That's why our customer service representatives are trained to provide clear explanations and guidance on understanding your results.
Please note that while we strive to respond as quickly as possible, response times may vary depending on the volume of inquiries received. Rest assured, though, that every question is important to us and will receive attention from one of our knowledgeable staff members.
In addition to contacting customer service for post-result support, we encourage customers who have concerns about their health based on their vitamin levels or potential deficiencies identified by this testing panel to consult with a healthcare provider. For additional guidance, customers should speak to a healthcare professional, such as their primary care physician or an expert in nutrition and wellbeing. Remember, these tests serve as powerful tools for gaining insight into one's health, but they do not replace professional medical advice.
DiscountedLabs.com offers customer service support for their vitamin blood test panel. Customers can contact them via phone, email, or online form if they have any questions about their results. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if there are concerns about potential deficiencies identified by the testing panel, as these tests do not replace professional medical advice.
The vitamin panel blood test typically includes measurements for key nutrients such as Vitamin D, B12, Folate, and essential minerals like RBC Magnesium and Zinc.
A vitamin and mineral panel checks for levels of various vitamins and minerals. Specific tests can also be ordered to measure individual nutrient levels.
No, a complete blood count (CBC) does not specifically check for vitamin deficiencies. However, certain abnormalities may indicate potential nutritional issues that require further testing.
Remember, while vitamin tests can be helpful, they should not replace professional medical advice or diagnosis.
And sorry, we can't recommend any specific brand of vitamins or supplements - we're not here to play favorites.
Finally, the best diet and exercise regimen is the one that works for you - there's no one-size-fits-all solution.
For more information on vitamins and nutrition, check out eatright.org.
Regular testing of your vitamin and mineral levels is crucial for maintaining optimal health and wellness - don't neglect it!
Make it easy on yourself by purchasing the Vitamin Blood Test Panel online or finding a lab location near you.
The panel includes tests for vitamins D, B-12, folate, as well as RBC magnesium and zinc levels - all important factors in your overall health.
Once you receive your results via email notification, be sure to decipher them correctly and seek further assistance if necessary.
Remember, personal opinions and unrelated topics won't help you achieve your health goals - stick to the facts!
Understanding Aldosterone/Plasma Renin Activity Ratio
It also goes by the name of angiotensinogenase and is an enzyme that the kidneys produce to regulate aldosterone production. It’s also essential in the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), which maintains your body’s fluid balance and blood pressure. This system regulates blood plasma volume, lymph and interstitial fluid (the fluid which surrounds the cells in the body) and controls constriction of the arteries and blood vessels.
Three factors stimulate the secretion of renin:
Renin’s primary function is to increase blood pressure to maintain healthy blood flow to the kidneys. Specialized kidney cells that can detect changes in blood pressure through stretch receptors in the vascular walls secrete it. Renin starts a chain reaction that makes the hormone called angiotensin, which makes small blood vessels narrower and stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone. Aldosterone signals the kidneys to hold on to fluid and salt. Both can increase blood pressure. When this process is out of balance, blood pressure can rise to dangerous levels.
If you experience high blood pressure (hypertension), your doctor needs to find out why to prescribe the correct treatment. A renin test is used to discover what’s happening in the body that may be causing it. The doctor might order this kind of test if high blood pressure starts when you’re young or medication hasn’t kept it under control. Because renin is involved in aldosterone metabolism, an aldosterone test may be conducted at the same time.
Your test results will tell the doctor if your renin levels are high, low, or healthy. Either high or low levels could help explain why your blood pressure is too high.
More on this test and how it affects blood pressure and water retention is here
What the renin and aldosterone test results may mean:
Whatever the results are, they will help the doctor decide which drugs or treatments are best to get your blood pressure under control.
The aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio is a test used to assess the levels of aldosterone and renin in the body.
Interpreting the test results can help determine whether there are any abnormalities in the aldosterone/renin ratio.
The aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio, also known as the renin ratio, is a diagnostic test that measures the levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the body. This test is used to evaluate the function of the adrenal glands and is particularly important in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, a condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone. Primary aldosteronism can lead to high blood pressure and other health complications if left untreated.
The aldosterone/renin ratio, also known as the aldosterone renin ratio (ARR), is a screening test that helps identify individuals who may have elevated aldosterone levels. It is a valuable tool for identifying cases of primary aldosteronism, a condition estimated to affect 5-10% of patients with hypertension. However, recent studies have shown that the prevalence of primary aldosteronism may be higher than previously thought, making the ARR test even more important in early detection and treatment. With potential changes to current guidelines, understanding the accuracy of the ARR test is crucial for managing this condition.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is often used as a screening tool to determine whether further diagnostic testing is necessary. It is a simple and non-invasive test that can provide valuable information about the functioning of the adrenal glands. Understanding the function of aldosterone and renin, as well as the significance of their ratio, can help individuals and healthcare professionals better understand and manage conditions related to adrenal gland function.
The adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys, produce the hormone aldosterone. Its primary function is to regulate the balance of salt and water in the body. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and blood pressure.
Plasma renin activity (PRA) is a measure of the enzyme renin in the blood. Renin is produced and released by special cells in the kidneys in response to low blood pressure, low blood volume, or low sodium levels. Renin acts on a protein called angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict and stimulates the release of aldosterone, leading to increased sodium reabsorption.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is a measurement that compares the levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the blood. This ratio provides information about the balance between the production and activity of these two hormones. An elevated aldosterone/renin ratio may indicate excessive production of aldosterone, which can lead to conditions such as primary aldosteronism. On the other hand, a low aldosterone/renin ratio may suggest a deficiency in aldosterone production or activity. To diagnose these conditions, a renin test may be used to measure the level of renin in the blood and determine the aldosterone/renin ratio. Understanding the relationship between aldosterone and renin is crucial in managing and treating these health conditions.
Measuring the aldosterone/renin ratio can help healthcare professionals assess adrenal gland function and identify potential abnormalities. It is an important tool in the evaluation of conditions related to aldosterone and renin levels, such as primary aldosteronism and secondary hypertension.
Aldosterone plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. It directly affects the kidneys by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This process helps regulate blood volume and blood pressure.
When aldosterone levels are too high, as in cases of primary aldosteronism, excessive sodium reabsorption can occur, leading to fluid retention and high blood pressure. This can put strain on the heart and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
On the other hand, low levels of aldosterone can result in excessive sodium and water loss through the kidneys, leading to dehydration and low blood pressure. Conditions such as Addison's disease, in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough aldosterone, can cause electrolyte imbalances and other health complications.
In addition to its role in fluid and electrolyte balance, aldosterone has also been implicated in the development and progression of kidney disease. Studies have shown that high aldosterone levels may contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of fibrosis in the kidneys. Understanding aldosterone levels and their impact on blood pressure and kidney function is important for the diagnosis and management of various health conditions.
Plasma renin activity (PRA) is a measure of the enzyme renin in the blood. The kidneys' specialized cells, known as juxtaglomerular cells, are responsible for producing and releasing renin. These cells sense changes in blood pressure, blood volume, and sodium levels, and release renin as a response.
Renin acts on angiotensinogen, a protein produced by the liver, to produce angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone, which acts on the kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Measuring plasma renin activity can provide important information about the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Changes in plasma renin activity can indicate abnormalities in blood pressure regulation or fluid balance. High plasma renin activity may suggest a state of low blood volume or low sodium levels, while low plasma renin activity may indicate excessive fluid volume or sodium levels.
Understanding plasma renin activity and its relationship to other hormones and physiological processes can help healthcare professionals assess adrenal gland function and diagnose conditions such as primary aldosteronism.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is a significant measurement that helps assess the balance between aldosterone production and renin activity in the body. This ratio provides valuable information about the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which plays a critical role in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance.
An elevated aldosterone/renin ratio may indicate excessive aldosterone production, which can lead to conditions such as primary aldosteronism. On the other hand, a low aldosterone/renin ratio may suggest a deficiency in aldosterone production or activity.
Measuring the aldosterone/renin ratio is an important screening tool for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and can help guide further diagnostic testing and treatment decisions.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is a valuable screening test for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Primary aldosteronism is characterized by excessive production of aldosterone, which can lead to high blood pressure and other health complications.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is measured by assessing the levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the blood. A high aldosterone/renin ratio suggests elevated aldosterone production, indicating a potential case of primary aldosteronism. Further confirmatory testing is typically recommended to definitively diagnose primary aldosteronism.
The aldosterone/renin ratio serves as an initial screening test to identify individuals who may benefit from additional diagnostic evaluation. It can play a critical role in the early detection and case detection of primary aldosteronism, allowing for prompt and appropriate management of the condition.
Several factors can influence the aldosterone/renin ratio, including serum aldosterone levels, blood pressure, and medical conditions.
In hypertensive patients, high serum aldosterone levels may contribute to an elevated aldosterone/renin ratio. Primary aldosteronism, characterized by excessive aldosterone production, often presents with high blood pressure that is difficult to control with standard antihypertensive medications. Measuring the aldosterone/renin ratio can help identify cases of primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients.
Other factors that can affect the aldosterone/renin ratio include certain medications, such as diuretics and renin inhibitors, as well as medical conditions like chronic kidney disease and renovascular hypertension. It is important to take these factors into account when interpreting aldosterone/renin ratio test results to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is measured by assessing the levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the blood. A blood sample is usually collected from a vein in the arm and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
To obtain accurate results, it is important to follow specific guidelines for preparing for the test. These guidelines may include collecting the blood sample in the mid-morning, ensuring the patient has been upright for a certain period of time, and avoiding certain medications or dietary restrictions.
Measuring the aldosterone/renin ratio requires specialized laboratory techniques, such as liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Healthcare professionals trained in laboratory medicine can accurately measure the aldosterone/renin ratio and interpret the results.
Preparing for the aldosterone/renin ratio test involves following specific guidelines to ensure accurate and reliable results. These guidelines typically include instructions such as collecting the blood sample in the mid-morning, after the patient has been upright for a certain period of time.
To obtain a blood sample for the aldosterone/renin ratio test, a healthcare professional will insert a needle into a vein in the patient's arm. The collected blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In some cases, confirmatory tests may be recommended if the initial aldosterone/renin ratio test results are inconclusive or difficult to interpret. These confirmatory tests may involve additional blood tests or specialized imaging studies to further evaluate adrenal gland function and aldosterone production.
The aldosterone/renin ratio test involves a simple blood test to measure the levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the blood. A healthcare professional will collect a blood sample from a vein in the arm using a small needle. It's important to note that the FDA does not currently regulate this test in the US.
To accurately measure the levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the lab, tools like liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) are used. These measurements are then used to calculate the aldosterone/renin ratio.
The aldosterone/renin ratio is an important diagnostic tool that provides valuable information about adrenal gland function and the balance between aldosterone and renin in the body. The testing process is relatively quick and non-invasive, providing healthcare professionals with important information for the diagnosis and management of various health conditions.
Understanding the aldosterone/renin ratio test results is important for figuring out how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system works and finding possible problems with how the adrenal glands work.
Normal results of the aldosterone/renin ratio test may vary depending on the laboratory and the specific testing method used. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to understand the specific reference range used for interpretation.
Abnormal aldosterone/renin ratio test results may indicate conditions such as primary aldosteronism, secondary hypertension, or adrenal gland disorders. Further diagnostic testing and evaluation may be required to confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment decisions.
The specific reference range that the laboratory uses determines how to interpret the aldosterone/renin ratio test results. Normal results may vary, but generally, a normal aldosterone/renin ratio falls within a specific range.
The reference range for the aldosterone/renin ratio can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and the laboratory performing the test. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to understand the specific reference range used for interpretation.
Normal results of the aldosterone/renin ratio test indicate a balance between aldosterone production and renin activity. This suggests normal adrenal gland function and appropriate regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance, as well as normal levels of cortisol. However, it is important to note that normal results, falling within the normal range of 0.4 to 3.0 ng/mL per hour supine and 1.5 to 6.0 ng/mL per hour upright, do not rule out the possibility of other underlying health conditions, and further evaluation may be necessary in certain cases. Additionally, normal results for plasma renin activity, or PRA, can vary depending on age and gender. In general, normal PRA levels are between 1-13 ng/dL for males and 2-20 ng/dL for females in Tanner Stages II-III, and between 3-14 ng/dL for males and 4-32 ng/dL for females in Tanner Stages IV-V.
Aldosterone
|
Adult |
|
|
Upright 8:00-10:00 A.M. |
≤28 ng/dL |
|
Upright 4:00-6:00 P.M. |
≤21 ng/dL |
|
Supine 8:00-10:00 A.M. |
3-16 ng/dL |
|
Pediatric |
|
|
1-12 Months |
2-70 ng/dL |
|
1-4 Years |
2-37 ng/dL |
|
5-9 Years |
≤9 ng/dL |
|
10-13 Years |
≤21 ng/dL |
|
14-17 Years |
≤35 ng/dL |
|
Infants |
|
|
Premature (31-35 Weeks) |
≤144 ng/dL |
|
Term |
≤217 ng/dL |
|
Tanner Stages |
|
|
II-III Males |
1-13 ng/dL |
|
II-III Females |
2-20 ng/dL |
|
IV-V Males |
3-14 ng/dL |
|
IV-V Females |
4-32 ng/dL |
|
Plasma Renin Activity |
0.25-5.82 ng/mL/h |
|
Aldosterone/PRA Ratio |
0.9-28.9 Ratio |
Plasma Renin Activity, LC-MS/MS,
ALDO/PRA Ratio
, PRA, Primary Aldosteronism, Aldosterone, LC-MS/MS
Abnormal results of the aldosterone/renin ratio test can have important implications for the diagnosis and management of various health conditions. Depending on the specific test results, further evaluation and diagnostic tests may be required.
If the aldosterone/renin ratio is too high, it could mean that you have a condition like primary hyperaldosteronism, which is when your body makes too much aldosterone. Primary hyperaldosteronism can lead to high blood pressure and other health complications if left untreated.
On the other hand, abnormally low aldosterone/renin ratio results may suggest secondary hypertension, which is high blood pressure that is caused by an underlying medical condition such as a kidney disorder or hormonal imbalance.
Further diagnostic testing, such as confirmatory tests and imaging studies, may be necessary to definitively diagnose and manage these conditions. Healthcare professionals will interpret the aldosterone/renin ratio test results in the context of the patient's medical history and other clinical findings to guide appropriate treatment decisions.
Please refer to the following text table for a summary of the implications of abnormal aldosterone/renin ratio test results:
|
Abnormal Test Result |
Possible Implication |
|
High aldosterone/renin ratio |
Primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Low aldosterone/renin ratio |
Secondary hypertension, underlying medical condition |
|
|
|
Abnormal aldosterone/renin ratios are associated with conditions such as primary hyperaldosteronism and secondary hypertension. Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by excessive production of aldosterone, which can lead to high blood pressure and other health complications. Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that has an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease or hormonal imbalances. These conditions can also affect metabolism, as seen in studies on the aldosterone-renin ratio and its correlation with metabolic disorders. Identifying and diagnosing these conditions, including hypokalemia, is important for appropriate treatment and management to prevent long-term complications. The 2008 Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend the aldosterone/renin ratio test, which is crucial in the assessment and diagnosis of these conditions, as published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology.
Primary aldosteronism, also known as Conn syndrome, is a condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. This increased production of aldosterone can lead to high blood pressure and electrolyte imbalances. The most common cause of primary aldosteronism is an adrenal adenoma, a non-cancerous tumor in the adrenal gland that produces aldosterone, according to the AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism.
The symptoms of primary aldosteronism can vary, but often include high blood pressure that is difficult to control with medication, low potassium levels, muscle weakness, fatigue, and frequent urination. It is important to diagnose and treat primary aldosteronism as it can increase the risk of cardiovascular complications such as heart attack and stroke.
The aldosterone/renin ratio test is commonly used to screen for primary aldosteronism. A high aldosterone/renin ratio could mean that you have primary aldosteronism. To be sure of the diagnosis, you might need to do more tests, like an aldosterone suppression test or adrenal vein sampling.
Secondary aldosteronism occurs when there is increased production of aldosterone as a result of another underlying condition. One of the most common causes of secondary aldosteronism is chronic kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to properly regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to increases in renin production and subsequently aldosterone production.
Other conditions that can cause secondary aldosteronism include hypertension, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and certain medications. In these cases, the increased production of aldosterone is a compensatory mechanism in response to the underlying condition.
The symptoms of secondary aldosteronism are similar to those of primary aldosteronism and can include high blood pressure, low potassium levels, muscle weakness, fatigue, and frequent urination. Diagnosis is typically made through the aldosterone/renin ratio test, and further evaluation may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the secondary aldosteronism.
The treatment options for abnormal aldosterone/renin ratios depend on the underlying cause of the imbalance. If you have primary aldosteronism, you might need surgery to remove the adrenal adenoma or drugs like spironolactone to stop the effects of aldosterone. Lifestyle and dietary changes, including reducing salt intake and increasing potassium-rich foods, can also help manage blood pressure in primary aldosteronism.
In cases of secondary aldosteronism, the underlying condition causing the increased aldosterone production will need to be treated. This may involve managing chronic kidney disease, controlling hypertension, or addressing other contributing factors.
Making lifestyle and dietary changes can be beneficial in managing abnormal aldosterone/renin ratios, especially in cases of primary aldosteronism. These changes can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.
One important lifestyle change is reducing salt intake. Excessive salt consumption can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure. Limiting the amount of processed and packaged foods, which are typically high in sodium, and opting for fresh, whole foods can help reduce salt intake.
Increasing potassium-rich foods in the diet can also be beneficial. Potassium helps counteract the effects of sodium and can help lower blood pressure. Good sources of potassium include bananas, leafy greens, avocados, and sweet potatoes.
Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing stress levels can also contribute to better blood pressure management. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian when making significant dietary changes or starting an exercise program.
In cases where lifestyle and dietary changes are not sufficient to manage abnormal aldosterone/renin ratios, medication or surgical options may be recommended.
For primary aldosteronism, medications such as spironolactone or eplerenone may be prescribed. These medications work by blocking the effects of aldosterone, helping to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications associated with excessive aldosterone production.
In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the adrenal adenoma causing primary aldosteronism. This can help normalize aldosterone production and improve blood pressure control.
For secondary aldosteronism, treating the underlying condition causing the increased aldosterone production is the primary approach. This may involve medications to manage chronic kidney disease, control hypertension, or other targeted treatments, depending on the specific underlying cause.
It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment approach based on individual circumstances and medical history.
Regular monitoring and management of the aldosterone/renin ratio is important to ensure effective control of blood pressure and overall health. This involves regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider to assess blood pressure, review laboratory test results, and adjust treatment as needed.
In addition to medication and lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring may include repeat aldosterone/renin ratio tests to evaluate treatment effectiveness and adjust medication dosages if necessary.
It is essential to maintain open communication with a healthcare provider and report any changes in symptoms or side effects of medication. This will help ensure that the aldosterone/renin ratio is well managed and blood pressure is effectively controlled.
Long-term management of abnormal aldosterone/renin ratios depends on the underlying cause. For primary aldosteronism, ongoing monitoring of blood pressure and regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are important to assess treatment effectiveness and adjust medication dosages if necessary.
In cases of secondary aldosteronism, long-term management strategies will focus on treating and managing the underlying condition. This may involve ongoing medication management, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function.
In both primary and secondary aldosteronism, ongoing communication and collaboration with a healthcare provider is crucial to ensure that the aldosterone/renin ratio is well controlled and blood pressure is effectively managed.
If you have high blood pressure that is difficult to control with standard medications or if you have symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, or frequent urination, it may be important to see your doctor and discuss the possibility of aldosterone/renin ratio testing.
The aldosterone/renin ratio test is used to evaluate the production of aldosterone and renin in the body. Abnormal results may indicate the presence of primary aldosteronism, a condition that requires further evaluation and treatment.
It is also important to see your doctor if you have been diagnosed with primary aldosteronism or if you are undergoing treatment for abnormal aldosterone/renin ratios. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments will help ensure effective management of your blood pressure and overall health.
In conclusion, understanding the Aldosterone/Plasma Renin Activity Ratio is crucial for diagnosing and managing various health conditions. This ratio plays a significant role in assessing adrenal gland function and identifying potential issues like primary or secondary aldosteronism. By measuring and interpreting your test results correctly, you can work with your healthcare provider to implement appropriate lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical interventions if needed. Regular monitoring and management of your ratio are essential for long-term health. If you have concerns or experience symptoms related to abnormal ratios, don't hesitate to consult your doctor for guidance and personalized care.
Certain medications can affect aldosterone/renin ratios. For example, diuretics, commonly used to treat high blood pressure, can lower renin levels and potentially increase aldosterone levels. It is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking to ensure accurate interpretation of aldosterone/renin ratio test results.
The frequency of aldosterone/renin ratio testing depends on individual circumstances and medical history. In general, it is recommended to repeat the test periodically to assess treatment effectiveness and monitor for any changes in aldosterone and renin levels. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate testing frequency based on your specific needs.
Making lifestyle changes can be beneficial in managing aldosterone/renin ratios. This includes reducing salt intake, increasing potassium-rich foods, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and managing stress. These changes can help lower blood pressure and contribute to better overall health.
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Note: If you are taking biotin, please stop it 72 hours before the blood draw since it may interfere with hormone blood tests.
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1- Go to the "Find a Location" page to find the closest Quest location.
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