Includes liver and kidney function, glucose and electrolytes

A complete blood count CBC with differential test panel measures several components of your blood including:Red blood cells, which carry oxygen, White blood cells, which fight infection, Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, Hematocrit, the proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component in your blood (which correlated with blood thickness), and Platelets, which help with blood clotting. This is also called Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential and Platelets Blood Test

Lipid Profile: Evaluates the risk for developing atherosclerosis (arterial plaque) and coronary heart disease. This test includes: Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides ,HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio. FASTING REQUIRED.

Vitamin D is essential for bone health and many metabolic processes. The body derives it from sunlight and food sources. Many people do not get enough sunlight or do not consume enough vitamin D rich foods. This test is important to determine if you need vitamin D supplementation or if your current supplementation is effective.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is produced exclusively by cells of the prostate gland. Used in conjunction with the digital rectal examination, PSA is a useful screening test for benign prostate enlargement, prostatitis and prostate cancer development.

SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) binds to testosterone and estradiol. High SHBG may decrease free testosterone and free estradiol.

FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland to control the production of sex hormones including testosterone and estrogen, and sperm and egg cells. They are both important in diagnosing primary or secondary hypogonadism, infertility, or potential pituitary adenomas.

THIS IS THE MOST AFFORDABLE AND ACCURATE ESTRADIOL TEST IN THE U.S. This ultrasensitive estradiol test is based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an assay technology that has been shown to more accurately measure estradiol in men and women than the old immunoassay-based test. 

Important note:  The blood sample is sent out to Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano, Caifornia.  Overnight delivery and testing is performed on Sunday and Friday.  Reports are available within 5-7 business days from the time the specimen is collected.

This test is not the sensitive estradiol test but the regular one. It is not recommended for men (it is adequate for pre-menapausal women).  The results from this test are usually available 2 business days faster than the sensitive estradiol test.

Estrone (E1) is one of the three estrogens, which also includes estriol and estradiol. Estrone is the least abundant of the three and is relevant to health and disease because it is considered the stronger acting estrogen.

 Progesterone is a female hormone important for the regulation of ovulation and menstruation. It is also present in men in smaller concentrations. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that plays numerous roles within the human body. It is crucial to the production of sex hormones and corticosteroids, as well as playing a role as a neuro-steroid (brain function). 

 A prolactin blood test is used by doctors to evaluate sexual dysfunction or very low testosterone blood levels of unknown causes in both men and women.

The adrenal gland produces a hormone known as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It is also made in the brain. DHEA leads to the production of androgens and estrogens (male and female sex hormones). DHEA levels in the body begin to decrease after age 30. Lower DHEA levels are found in people with hormonal disorders, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, depression, diabetes, inflammation, immune disorders, and osteoporosis. Corticosteroids, birth control taken by mouth, and agents that treat psychiatric disorders may reduce DHEA levels.

Pregnenolone is known as the mother hormone. All other steroids including testosterone and estrogen are derived from this important hormone. For this reason, optimal blood levels of pregnenolone are critical for a healthy hormone balance.  This test uses liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, the most accurate assay for hormones.

Vitamin B-12 is an essential vitamin. Low blood levels of B12 can cause: Anemia and pernicious anemia, loss of balance , numbness or tingling in the arms and legs, and weakness

B12 and folic acid blood testing help doctors diagnose central nervous system disorders, anemia, and malabsorption syndromes. B12 and folic acid also play an important role in energy level, muscle strength and memory. Because B12 and folate are derived solely from dietary intake, such as egg yolks, beef, poultry and fish, many people are deficient in these important vitamins.

This test for adrenal insufficiency includes 4 measurements of your salivary Cortisol level during one day. Cortisol, also known as the "stress hormone" can be either too high or too low which may be a sign of adrenal distress.

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, also known as IGF-1, is used as a biomarker for blood levels of human growth hormone. It is a hormone produced by the liver and other tissues which affects growth-promoting activities and glucose metabolism. The blood level of IGF-1 appears to fluctuate over 24 hours and is found to be related to growth hormone secretion.

The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid to produce T3 and T4. When TSH is elevated, low thyroid function may be indicated. If TSH is low it is indicative of high thyroid function. A study found that TSH was suppressed in all subjects after food, so fasting may be suggested although it is not reqired by Quest. Free T4 and Free T4 values did not change significantly after eating.

T3 or triiodothyronine is the active form of the thyroid hormone. T3 acts as a metabolic throttle for fueling all of the daily cellular functions. Free T3 is the unbound portion of T3 that is biologically active.

The thyroid gland produces and secretes T4, otherwise known as thyroxine. Proteins bind to T4 and carry it throughout the bloodstream. Once in the tissues, T4 is released from the proteins and is now free to convert into the more active form called T3. For this reason, many doctors believe that measuring free T4 is a more sensitive test for thyroid hormone production.

This test measures the amount of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the blood.  Low DHT has been associated with low libido and high DHT has been linked to acne, hair loss and benign prostatic inflammation in a minority of men.

The electrolyte panel includes: Carbon dioxide, chloride, potassium, and sodium  

This comprehensive and cost effective panel provides a baseline overview of your sex hormones, thyroid gland, adrenal function, metabolic function, cholesterol, prostate and overall health. It includes: CBC (includes immune cells, red blood cells and hematocrit), CMP-14 (Includes kidney and liver function, glucose and electrolytes) Lipid Panel (LDL, HDL, Triglycerides),Testosterone free and total (LC/MS assay with no upper limit) Estradiol, Sensitive (LC/MS assay), DHEA-sulfate (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate), TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) , Free T3 (Free Triiodothyronine ), PSA (Prostatic Specific Antigen), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

The reverse T3 test has to be done at the same time you do the free T3, and you then measure the ratio between the two by dividing the RT3 into the Free T3. The body produces the benign RT3 naturally to rid itself of excess of T4, but in some cases, such as high or low cortisol, RT3 is produced in excess which can clog cell receptors from receiving T3. FT3 is usually twenty or more times higher than RT3.

This test measures thyroglobulin antibodies commonly present in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Antibodies against the protein thyroglobulin can result in the destruction of thyroid cells. This destruction can lead to hypothyroidism.

The determination of TPO antibody levels is the most sensitive test for detecting autoimmune thyroid disease (eg, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, idiopathic myxedema, and Graves disease) and detectable concentrations of anti-TPO antibodies are observed in most patients with these disorders. The highest TPO antibody levels are observed in patients suffering from Hashimoto thyroiditis. In this disease, the prevalence of TPO antibodies is about 90% of cases, confirming the autoimmune origin of the disease. These autoantibodies also frequently occur (60%–80%) in the course of Graves disease.

The serum iron test measures the amount of iron in your blood. The total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test looks at how well the iron moves through your body.

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron. Red blood cells need iron to form normally and carry oxygen around your body. Low levels of ferritin lead to iron deficiency anemia, which means you have too few red blood cells. High levels of ferritin can damage your joints, heart, liver, and pancreas.

cCRP is used as an aid in the identification of individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease. When used in conjunction with traditional clinical laboratory evaluation of acute coronary syndromes, cCRP may be useful as an independent marker of prognosis for recurrent events in patients with stable coronary disease or acute coronary syndrome.

A C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Quantitative test is used to aid in the diagnosis of infections or diseases which cause inflammation. CRP is a protein produced by the liver. Higher than normal concentrations of CRP are often an indicator of infection or inflammation in the body. This test can help determine if an infection is present but not the source of the infection. Conditions that can cause elevated CRP levels include but are not limited to Sepsis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Arthritis, Lupus, Vasculitis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The A1c test works by measuring the hemoglobin A1c level. Hemoglobin is stored in the red blood cells. When glucose levels are high, the sugar starts to combine with the hemoglobin. It takes the body 8 to 12 weeks to bring hemoglobin A1c levels back to normal. Therefore, if hemoglobin A1c levels are high, that means that there has been a high level of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months.

This popular and cost-effective panel includes main blood test variables monitored by many clinics that treat men with low testosterone. This panel is for men who are already on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and who want to monitor their main blood tests. You save substantial amounts of money by ordering these tests together rather than one at a time. The panel includes: Total and free testosterone (LC/MS assay. No upper limit restriction), Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), Estradiol (sensitive- LC/MS assay), CBC (includes glucose, hematocrit and immune cells), CMP (includes liver and kidney function, eGFR), Lipids (LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) You can add PSA, DHEA-S, DHT and free T4 and free T3 from our menu for a fuller view at your response to TRT.

The Urinalysis test panel screens for a variety of conditions including urinary tract infections ( UTI ), urinary bladder disease, kidney disease and diabetes. Tests included: Color, Appearance, Specific gravity, pH, Protein, Glucose, Occult blood, Ketones, Leukocyte esterase, Nitrite, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, and Microscopic examination of urine sediment

Homocysteine is an amino acid that is present in the blood. It is produced when the body breaks down an amino acid called methionine, which is found in protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, and dairy products. Homocysteine is normally converted back into methionine or other useful compounds in the body.

Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood, known as hyperhomocysteinemia, have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. High homocysteine levels may also be associated with an increased risk of certain other health conditions, such as osteoporosis and pregnancy complications.

Homocysteine levels can be measured with a blood test. Elevated levels can be caused by a deficiency of certain nutrients, such as vitamins B6, B12, and folate, or by certain medical conditions or medications. In some cases, high homocysteine levels can be treated with supplements or lifestyle changes, such as increasing the intake of these nutrients or quitting smoking. Speaking with a healthcare provider if you are concerned about your homocysteine levels is essential.

The fasting insulin test is a blood test that measures the level of insulin in your blood after you have fasted (not eaten or drunk anything except water) for at least 8 hours. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. The fasting insulin test is often used to help diagnose conditions such as insulin resistance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes. It may also be ordered to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions. The test is usually done in the morning, after an overnight fast. The test results will be reported in units of insulin per liter of blood (U/L). It is important to note that the interpretation of a fasting insulin test may vary depending on the individual's medical history and other factors. A healthcare provider should be consulted to interpret the test results correctly.

The GGT bood test looks for an enzyme, or protein, called gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in your blood. GGT is found in liver cells. This test helps your doctor look for possible damage to your liver or its ducts. It can also help tell the difference between liver and bone disease if your results from a different blood test called alkaline phosphatase are abnormal. Higher than normal test results could be a sign of liver damage from diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, or pancreatic cancer. But a higher than normal GGT level does not tell you the specific cause of liver disease or damage.

Changes in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene can lead to certain health conditions. One of them is hyperhomocysteinemia (high blood levels of homocysteine) which is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, cerebral vein thrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and venous thrombosis. At least 40 mutations in the MTHFR gene have been identified in people with homocystinuria, a disorder in which the body is unable to process certain amino acids properly.

Uric acid is a product produced by the body after the purines in many foods undergo the digestive process and are broken down inside the body. After this breakdown process, the uric acid travels through the bloodstream into your kidneys and most is actually eliminated through the urinary tract via urination. However, there are instances where you may have an excess of uric acid and are unable to excrete the bulk of this substance through urination. This could lead to gout-related issues.

The causes of fatigue are multifactorial and could involve imbalances in several hormones. This panel includes most hormones and variables involved in the diagnosis and treatment of fatigue. Ordering this panel provides substantial cost savings when compared to ordering each test separately. The panel is useful for men and women. TESTS INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL: TOTAL AND FREE TESTOSTERONE, THYROID FUNCTION: TSH, Free T3, Free T4, Thyroid Antibodies, HEMOGLOBIN A1c, Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test (Includes white, red cells and platelets), Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), IRON, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity), FERRITIN, ADRENAL FUNCTION: Cortisol and DHEA-S

Ordering these 5 hormone tests as a panel saves you over $20 when comparing it to buying tests separately.

This test panel includes most tests needed to more deeply explore the possibility of hypothyroidism and/or Hashimoto's disease diagnosis. It includes: TSH, Free T3, Free T4, Reverse T3, Thyroglobulin Antibody and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO). If you are taking biotin, please stop it 72 hours before the blood draw since it may interfere with hormone blood tests. A study found that TSH was suppressed in all subjects after food, so fasting may be suggested although it is not reqired by Quest. Free T4 and Free T4 values did not change significantly after eating.

This test measures Zinc levels in red blood cells (RBC). Red blood cell (RBC) analysis is an invaluable method for assessing insufficiency or excess of elements that have important functions within cells or on blood cell membranes. It may be more accurate than testing Zinc in blood serum.

This test measures the free (unbound to SHBG or albumin) estradiol and total sensitive estradiol in blood. The test is performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). NOTE: This test is a send out test to Quest's Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano.  Testing schedule is Mon and Wed.  Reports are available within 4-14 days from the time the specimen is received at the send out testing lab. Test results may take up to 16 business days.

A Magnesium RBC test can provide an earlier indicator of magnesium deficiency that a standard magnesium blood test. When levels are low, the body will pull magnesium from the cells to keep blood levels normal. In this case, a magnesium blood test may show normal levels while a magnesium RBC test will give a more accurate result.

This panel includes: Total and Free Testosterone (LC/MS), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) at substantial savings that buying each test separately.

This PCT after cycle panel is designed to measure the health and recovery of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis (HPTA) after attempting to normalize it spontaneously or with the use of Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT) . PCT is prescribed by some physicians for men who stop testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or other androgens. Fasting is required for CMP (glucose test).

This is a very economical panel that includes: 1- Hematocrit: Portion of total blood volume made up of red blood cells. Testosterone replacement therapy can increase hematocrit. Hematocrit over 52 may increase blood thickness and cardiovascular risks. 2- Total (LC/MS- No upper Limit) and Free Testosterone by Equilibrium Analysis.

This panel includes comprehensive testing of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in addition to free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3).

This panel includes main blood test variables monitored by many clinics that treat men with low testosterone.  This panel is for men who are already on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and who want to monitor their main blood tests. Fasting is required for CMP.

This hormone panel can be used to diagnose primary or secondary hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency), prostate health prior to initiating testosterone replacement therapy. It also includes information about cholesterol, hematocrit (red blood cell volume), liver, and kidney function. Fasting is required for CMP.

This ultrasensitive estradiol test is recommended for men. The commonly used estradiol test may overestimate estradiol in men. That test uses immunoassay technology that cannot differentiate C-Reactive Protein (involved in inflammation) from estradiol, so it reads the combination of the two as estradiol. This ultrasensitive estradiol test is based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an assay technology that does not have that limitation. 

Important note:  The blood sample is sent out to Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano, Caifornia.  Overnight delivery and testing is performed on Sunday and Friday.  Reports are available within 5-7 business days from the time the specimen is collected.

This panel is popular among men who are on testosterone therapy since it offers substantial savings over ordering each of these tests separately : Complete Blood Count (CBC) ,Comprehensive Metabolic Profile ( includes eGFR ), Estradiol UltraSensitive, Testosterone, Total and Free ( Accurate for all testosterone levels, uncapped), Prolactin, Lipids, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). FASTING IS REQUIRED.

ED Panel Includes Main Hormones Involved with Erectile Function: Prolactin, Total and Free Testosterone, Sensitive Estradiol, DHT, TSH, Free T3 and Free T4.

This panel includes blood tests that are related to inflammation and certain diseases.  Blood tests included are: CRP, CPK, LDH, Ferritin, Homocysteine and ESR

The PTH test is used to help identify hyperparathyroidism, to find the cause of abnormal calcium levels, or to check the status of chronic kidney disease. PTH controls calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.

The cystatin C test (which also includes estimated creatinine clearance eGFR) can be done along with creatinine or creatinine clearance test in cases where those tests aren’t appropriate, such as patients taking creatine supplements for bodybuilding. These supplements can increase creatinine and decrease creatinine clearance, which can alarm doctors who fear kidney dysfunction.  This creatinine increase is not clinically relevant but running a Cystatin C test can give physicians reassurance and allow the patient to keep taking that effective bodybuilding supplement. 

NOTE: This test can only be purchased by men with suspect PSA over 4 mg/dL.  Free PSA will not be provided for PSA under 4 ng/mL.

PSA circulates through the body in two ways; bound to other proteins or by itself. Unbound PSA is called free PSA. A free-PSA test will measure the percentage of unbound PSA while a PSA test is used to measure the total of free and bound PSA in the blood. The free PSA is a defective variant of normal PSA that can no longer bind to other proteins and so circulates in the blood in the free form. Although the reason why this is the case is poorly understood - patients with prostate cancer may have lower free PSA levels than those with a benign prostate condition.

Both chronically low and high levels of glutathione in the body are indicative of potentially debilitating health problems. Glutathione level is a crucial marker for many diseases, both chronic and acute. Given the importance of this protein to human health; discovering your glutathione levels could be one more way to monitor health levels, immune function, and the potential risk of diseases that have been associated with chronically low or high levels of this essential peptide.

Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone as well as a medication. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens in women and men: estrone, estradiol, and estriol. This test does not specify each of these estrogens.

This discounted lab test panel for men includes total testosterone by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (the most accurate testosterone test), free testosterone, hematocrit, ultrasensitive estradiol test and prolactin hormone. 

Lipoprotein (a) has been called a powerful predictor of premature atherosclerotic vascular disease. As an independent risk factor for premature coronary artery disease, excess Lp(a) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiac death in patients with acute coronary syndromes and with restenosis after angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary bypass procedures. In general, concentrations greater than or equal to 75 nmol/L of Lp(a) in serum are associated with a two- to sixfold increase in risk, depending on the presence of other risk factors.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as adrenocorticotropin and corticotropin) is a hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and aldosterone. The ACTH plasma test quantifies the blood's level of ACTH. A patient's blood is drawn for the test and then sent to a lab for examination. The test findings enable the diagnosis of ailments such as Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal tumors

Aldosterone (ALD) is one of a group of connected hormones. They form the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; this system is activated when there is a decrease in blood flow to your kidneys following a drop in blood volume or blood pressure

Renin is also called angiotensinogenase; it’s an enzyme produced by the kidneys to control aldosterone production. It’s also essential in the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) which maintains your body’s fluid balance and blood pressure. Aldosterone is the primary of several endogenous members of the class of mineralocorticoids in humans. Aldosterone tends to promote Na+ and water retention, and lower plasma K+ concentration.

Approximately 95% of IGF-1 and IGF-II are bound to IGFBP-3, which makes this protein the major carrier of the insulin-like growth factors in circulation. The function of the binding protein is to extend the half-life of the growth factors in the circulation.

To find out if sperm count is normalized in men using hCG plus TRT, several studies have found that 17OH-P blood level is correlated to intratesticular testosterone (ITT) required for the testicles to make sperm, so testing for this hormone could not only save time while optimizing HCG dose/frequency but also eliminate the need to perform testicular aspirations, a very difficult procedure to do. Sperm count does not stabilize until 6-8 weeks after starting hCG plus TRT, so knowing your 17OH-progesterone blood level can give you a quick way to determine if your hCG dose and frequency is adequate before your first follow-up semen analysis after 8 weeks.

Cortisol (hydrocortisone) is the most prominent glucocorticosteroid, and it is essential for the maintenance of several body functions. The most important physiological effects of cortisol are that it raises blood sugar levels (enhances gluconeogenesis, or breaks down glucose) and lowers inflammation and the immune system.

Blood typing is used to determine an individual's blood group, to establish whether a person is blood group A, B, AB, or O and whether he or she is Rh positive or Rh negative.

A single fasting growth hormone (GH) level is of limited value. The secretion of GH is episodic and pulsatile. GH has a half-life of 20 to 25 minutes. Testing for growth hormone deficiency or excess is best done as part of a dynamic test involving specific stimuli (see the online Endocrine Appendices: Growth Hormone Stimulation and Growth Hormone Suppression). Insulin-like growth factor-1 can also be useful in assessing growth hormone status.

This blood test panel includes: CBC, CMP, Lipids, Testosterone (T & F), Ultra Sensitive Estradiol, TSH, Free T3, PSA, and SHBG

This panel includes hormones that have been implicated in gynecomastia by several studies. Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast resulting from a growth of the glandular tissue of the breast. Since it causes anxiety, psychosocial discomfort and fear of breast cancer, early diagnostic evaluation is important, and patients usually seek medical attention. Causes include hormone imbalance and genetic predisposition.

The most complete of all blood test panels for men that include: Total and Free Testosterone, Ultra Sensitive Estradiol, IGF-1, Prolactin, DHT, DHEA-S, PSA, SHBG, Lipids, CBC, CMP, and Thyroid Function.

This is the most affordable tTG test in the nation.  This test is used for the detection of antibodies to aid in the diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), such as celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis

This panel measures the blood levels of arsenic, lead, and mercury.

The glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance, impaired beta cell function, and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and acromegaly, or rarer disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In the most commonly performed version of the test, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a standard dose of glucose is ingested by mouth and glucose blood levels are checked right after ingestion and then two hours later. 

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a herpes group virus that is ubiquitous. It leads to infectious mononucleosis and may play a role in the development of Burkitt lymphoma, some nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and a few rare genetic lymphoproliferative disorders. The EBV test serologic response to EB virus includes antibodies to early antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), and antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)

Blood Test to Detect Lead Poisoning Lead poisoning is dangerous and can contribute to numerous health complications. This heavy metal is present in gasoline, medical equipment, paints, batteries, metal alloys and more. Lead is primarily deposited in bones, and it affects individuals directly, depending on their age and health levels. It is excreted through urine and feces, but it can also be found in blood, breast milk, saliva, and sweat.

A blood pregnancy test is a medical test used to determine if a woman is pregnant by detecting the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in her blood. hCG is a hormone produced by the developing placenta shortly after the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining. This test is the Quantitative hCG test (also known as a beta hCG test) and measures the specific amount of hCG present in the blood. It can help determine how far along a pregnancy is, monitor the progress of the pregnancy, and detect potential issues like an ectopic pregnancy or a miscarriage.

Blood pregnancy tests are more sensitive than over-the-counter urine pregnancy tests and can detect pregnancy earlier – as soon as 6 to 8 days after ovulation.

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a globulin that binds thyroid hormones in circulation. It is one of three transport proteins (along with transthyretin and serum albumin) responsible for carrying the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the bloodstream. Of these three proteins, TBG has the highest affinity for T4 and T3 but is present in the lowest concentration. Despite its low concentration, TBG carries the majority of T4 in the blood plasma.

This ultimate lab test panel offers the best savings for men and women to determine their immune health, liver and kidney function, electrolytes, blood sugar, cholesterol, thyroid function, inflammatory markers involved in heart disease, testosterone total and free, urinalysis to determine UTIs and kidney function, estradiol, DHEA-S, vitamins D and B12, and iron/ferritin to determine anemia or increased risk of iron overload.

The Rheumatoid Arthritis Factor is often evaluated in patients suspected of having any form of arthritis or destructive articular disease even though positive results can be due to other causes, and negative results do not rule out disease. But, in combination with signs and symptoms, it can play a role in both diagnosis and disease prognosis. It is part of the usual disease criteria of rheumatoid arthritis.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is an enzyme that is found in almost all of the body's cells, but only a small amount of it is usually detectable in the blood. LD is released from the cells into the bloodstream when cells are damaged or destroyed. Because of this, the LD test can be used as a general marker of injury to cells. Although there is some overlap, each of the five LD isoenzymes tends to be concentrated in specific body tissues. This panel provides 5 types of isoenzymes to detect if LD is coming from the heart, red blood cells, kidneys, lungs, white blood cells, lymph nodes, muscle, or liver.

This lab test panel includes Total CK (or CPK) and relative percentage of BB (CK-1), MB (CK-2), and MM (CK-3); the percentage of macro CK, if present. The CK or CPK isoenzyme test is used to diagnose myocardial infarction (MI). Three fractions normally may be found, each an isoenzyme: • MM is found in normal serum. • MB is the myocardial fraction associated with MI and occurs in certain other states. MB can be used in the estimation of infarct size.

A hepatic function panel is a blood test that helps doctors check for liver injury, infection, or disease. Liver function panels also can check for side effects in the liver from some medicines. This lab test panel measures the blood levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT enzymes. High or low levels may mean that liver damage or disease is present.

This complete lab test panel for women includes tests and panels that show your status on immune function, electrolytes, liver and kidney function, cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, DHEA, thyroid function, blood sugar control, inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, anemia/fatigue, progesterone, and LH & FSH hormones.

This test includes total testosterone performed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, the most accurate testosterone test and one without an upper limit. It does not include free testosterone.   

This is the most cost effective testosterone test panel that takes the least amount of time to perform and that includes 5 important tests: 1- Total testosterone, 2- Calculated free testosterone, 3- Bioavailable (unbound) testosterone, 4- Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin. Testosterone upper limit under 1,500 ng/dL (ECLIA, immunoassay). It is accurate for most men using or not using TRT . For men expecting very high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL or low total T below 250 ng/dL, the LC/MS testosterone test is more appropiate but it takes a few more days to perform.

THIS IS THE MOST AFFORDABLE TESTOSTERONE TEST IN THE U.S. This panel includes total testosterone measured by the most accurate method  and gold standard test (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry), free testosterone percent by equilibrium dialysis, and free testosterone calculated from percent free T. This test is good more accurate for low and high testosterone blood levels (men who expect high testosterone blood levels over 1,500 ng/dL , women and children who usually have low T levels). It has no interferences with supplements or anabolics. Note: Results may take 5-7 business days. For a faster turnaround, choose this test instead: Testosterone, Free, Bioavailable and Total (With Lower & Upper Limit) plus SHBG

This Testosterone Panel Includes 5 Tests: Total Testosterone (LC/MS most accurate assay), Free Testosterone, Bioavailable Testosterone (Free T plus albumin-bound T), Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), and Albumin. Good for men who expect high T levels and for women (panel is also accurate for lower T levels).

This lab test panel includes the blood tests usually selected by physicians in an annual physical exam for men and women: CBC (Complete Blood Count: Immune Cells, Red Blood Cells/Hematocrit, and Platelets), CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: Glucose, liver and kidney function, electrolyte and fluid balance), Lipids (LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), and A1c (Glycated Hemoglobin). This panel does not include a doctor's visit, only lab tests. Low Price Guaranteed.

The Cardio IQ® Report provides an in-depth assessment of cardiovascular risks to help physicians recommend the ideal individualized treatment option for patient to minimize cardiovascular disease.

The report is simple, yet comprehensive. It is color-coded to display progressive risk values versus goal using “optimal,” “moderate,” and “high-risk” categories and grouped by functional categories.

Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel The Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel includes:Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL and Cholesterol/HDL ratio, LDL Particle Number, LDL Peak Size, LDL Pattern, HDL Large, LDL Small, LDL Medium, Apolipoprotein B, Lipoprotein (a). FASTING REQUIRED. Results for this test take 2 weeks to receive.

This TRT basic lab test panel includes essential tests (CBC, CMP, ultrasensitive estradiol, and total & free testosterone) to monitor treatment in men on that have been testosterone replacement therapy for a few months. Test included:

• CBC (White and red blood cells, hematocrit, etc)
• CMP (glucose, liver & kidney function, etc)
• Estradiol Ultra Sensitive
• Total Testosterone (LC/MS)
• Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Ultrafiltration

Fasting is required for proper glucose testing as part of CMP.

The most affordable IGRA QuantiFERON -TB Gold Plus test in the United States. This is the gold standard IGRA TB test. The 1 Tube - QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus is an indirect test for M. tuberculosis infection TB (including disease) and is intended for use in conjunction with risk assessment, radiography and other medical and diagnostic evaluations. This test does not differentiate between latent and active TB. This test is accepted by all institutions and agencies.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour. It is a common hematology test, and is a non-specific measure of inflammation. To perform the test, anticoagulated blood is traditionally placed in an upright tube, known as a Westergren tube, and the rate at which the red blood cells fall is measured and reported in mm at the end of one hour. Elevated levels of ESR are usually found in people who have different types of diseases such as autoimmune disease, anemia, kidney disease, cancer, and other health complications.

This cost effective discounted lab panel will provide a baseline overview of your sex hormones, thyroid gland, adrenal function, metabolic function, and overall health. Includes: CBC (includes immune and red blood cells and platelets), CMP (Includes kidney and liver function, glucose and electrolytes), Lipid Panel (LDL, HDL, Triglycerides), Testosterone free and total, Estradiol, DHEA-sulfate, TSH, Progesterone, and LH & FSH.

CPK is creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. High CPK can indicate muscle destruction, heart attacks, and central nervous system issues. Long-term exposure to high CPK can load up your kidneys and cause muscle loss and weakness. Sometimes we have no symptoms when CPK is high, but most of the time, we have body aches and soreness. Resistance training can raise CPK, so stop working out for at least five days before the CPK test.

Bodybuilders using testosterone and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have to be smart about maximizing benefits and minimizing short and long term side effects while exercising and eating effectively for proper muscle gain, fat loss, and quality of life.  Harm reduction is key especially in the presence of barriers to care caused by stigma and judgement from medical practitioners. Here is a list of 14 carefully selected lab tests and panels that are essential in maintaining proper health while improving body composition and strength: Hematocrit, Lipid panel (LDL, HDL, triglycerides), Cystatin C kidney test, eGFR kidney test, GGT liver test, Total Testosterone (LC/MS), Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Ultrafiltration), Ultrasensitive Estradiol, Prolactin, DHT test (LC/MS), IGF-1 test (LC/MS), and ferritin. Fasting is required.

This panel provides smart bodybuilders with information that can help minimize potential short and long-term side effects and risks. This basic bodybuilder panel includes the following gold standard tests/panels: Cystatin C (The only accurate kidney function test for bodybuilders), hematocrit (blood viscosity factor), CMP (glucose, liver & kidney function, and electrolytes), total and free testosterone (LC/MS assay-no upper limit and no interference with anabolics), ultra-sensitive estradiol (The only accurate estradiol test for men), & lipid cholesterol panel. Fasting is required.

This 18 test anemia panel includes all tests needed to diagnose the degree and cause of anemia including a CBC panel (red blood cells, hemoglobin, etc), Ferritin, Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Folate, and Vitamin B-12

The LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) blood test measures the level of LDH in your blood. LDH is an enzyme in many body organs and tissues, including the heart, liver, muscles, and red blood cells. The LDH test is often used to help diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as anemia, heart attack, and liver disease. It may also be ordered to check for tissue damage or monitor treatment effectiveness for specific conditions. Since lactic dehydrogenase is present in many body tissues, its diagnostic usefulness is limited. Tissue specificity may be enhanced by LDH isoenzyme analysis.

This economical lab test panel includes: Testosterone, Free, Bioavailable and Total, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin -SHBG, Males, Immunoassay (Total Testosterone Lower Limit: 250 ng/dL & Upper Limit 1,500 ng/dL ), Complete Blood Count (CBC panel) Including hematocrit, PSA and Ultrasensitive Estradiol

This hormone panel for women contains all basic hormones (except for LH and FSH, which you can add to your cart separately): DHEA-S, Estradiol (CLIA assay), Progesterone, Total Testosterone, LC/MS, Free Testosterone by Equilibrium Ultrafiltration, TSH,Free T3 and Free T4

Patients with diabetes may get a C-peptide test as a means of distinguishing type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes or Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Measuring C-peptide can help to determine how much of their own natural insulin a person is producing as C-peptide is secreted in equimolar amounts to insulin. C-peptide levels are measured instead of insulin levels because C-peptide can assess a person's own insulin secretion even if they receive insulin injections, and because the liver metabolizes a large and variable amount of insulin secreted into the portal vein but does not metabolize C-peptide, meaning blood C-peptide may be a better measure of portal insulin secretion than insulin itself.

This fertility panel for women contains the main hormones tested (most using the most sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) by reproductive endocrinologists to assess the potential for a woman to become pregnant.  Tests included are: LH, FSH, Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), estradiol (LC/MS), progesterone (LC/MS), TSH and testosterone (LC/MS).

This diabetes panel includes important tests usually prescribed for anyone living with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. It includes A1c, CMP, Urinialysis, Insulin, and Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT).

This test includes prothrombin time plus INR and it measures how long it takes your blood to clot. It’s used to monitor the effects of the medication warfarin, and can help identify possible hereditary and clotting disorders. This test does not require fasting. Prothrombin Time (PT) is a blood test used in the evaluation of the extrinsic coagulation system; aid in screening for congenital and acquired deficiencies of factors II, V, VII, X, and fibrinogen. This test is used clinically for the therapeutic monitoring of warfarin (Coumadin®) anticoagulant therapy.

This panel contains testosterone and its downstream metabolites: Estradiol and DHT. All three hormones are measured using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS), the most accurate assay for hormones. No interactions with supplements like biotin are present.

Amenorrhea is the absence or abnormal cessation of the menses (menstruation periods). The initial useful laboratory tests are FSH, TSH, and prolactin.

This osteoporosis panel includes:

• Serum total calcium, albumin (to calculate albumin adjusted calcium) and phosphorus as part of a CMP panel to detect conditions associated with hypercalcemia such as primary hyperparathyroidism or hypocalcemia and consequent secondary hyperparathyroidism causing bone loss
• Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as part of the CMP panel are useful to detect renal failure which can affect bone health. 
• Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as part of a CMP panel. ALP measurement is useful to detect conditions including Paget's disease, metastatic bone disease and osteomalacia, etc.
• Vitamin D nutrition should be determined by measuring serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]. Although there is controversy about the optimum level of 25(OH)D for bone health; while 50 nmol/L is considered acceptable
• Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) measurement would be required if serum calcium is abnormal, to help investigate the cause of the calcium abnormality.
• Ultra-sensitive Estradiol. Low estradiol in men and women has been linked to bone loss.
• Phosphorus. An increased phosphorus with decreased calcium suggests either hypoparathyroidism or renal disease. A decreased phosphorus and an increased calcium suggests hyperparathyroidism or sarcoidosis. When both calcium and phosphorus are decreased diagnostic considerations include malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency and renal tubular acidosis. Increased phosphorus and normal or increased calcium suggests Milk-alkali syndrome or hypervitaminosis D.

Women and men living with fibromyalgia do not have characteristic or consistent abnormalities on laboratory testing. However, routine laboratory and imaging studies are important to help rule out diseases with similar manifestations and to assist in diagnosis of certain inflammatory diseases that frequently coexist with fibromyalgia. These are the lab tests commonly checked by physicians treating fibromyalgia patients: CMP, CBC, Urinalysis, TSH, Vitamin D & B-12, Iron/TIBC, Magnesium in RBC, ESR, CPK and Ferritin.

This comprehensive panel includes key vitamins and minerals that affect quality of life and survival. Test included are: Vitamin D, Vitamin B-12, Folate (Folic Acid), Magnesium in Red Blood Cells, and Zinc in Red Blood Cells.

Discounted Labs’ basic adrenal insufficiency panel includes cortisol, ACTH, and DHEA as a starting point. Depending on lab test results from this panel, physicians may choose to do an ACTH stimulation test, renin, potassium, and sodium. Imaging studies like a CT scan of the adrenal glands may also be considered to check for adrenal growths. In order to check for Addison's Disease, the auto-immune type of primary adrenal insufficiency, labs should be drawn to check 21-hydroxylase 

This lab test panel includes main blood test makers involved in hair loss in women and men: Complete Blood Count (CBC)- Can detect potential low hemoglobin and infections that can lead to hair loss. Ferritin- Low ferritin, an iron storage protein, has been linked to hair loss and slow down of hair growth. Iron and Total Iron Capacity (TIBC)- Low iron anemia has been linked to hair loss.  Hyperandrogenism: Excessive male hormones (androgens): Total Testosterone (LC/MS), Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Ultrafiltration), DHEA-S, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)  Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Stimulation Hormone (TSH), Free Triidothyronine (Free T3)

This blood donation panel includes these tests: Hematocrit, iron & total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin.This panel is designed to determine if: 1- Your blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy was effective in lowering your high hematocrit without negatively affecting ferritin or iron. 2- It is safe to do another blood donation or therapeutic phlebotomy depending on ferritin or iron levels.

The pre-op (surgery) blood test includes the three test panels (CBC, CMP and Prothrombin Time Test) most commonly ordered before a person has surgery. Pre-operative testing is usually done during the few days before the surgery. This panel lets your surgeon know what to be aware in case of complications during surgery.

This test measures ANA Screen, IFA, with Reflex to Titer and Pattern - Several rheumatic diseases are linked to antinuclear antibodies. These include Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, CREST syndrome, and neurologic SLE. LOWEST PRICE.

Lipoprotein b Test has been reported to be a powerful indicator of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). In some patients with CAD, APO B is elevated even in the presence of normal LDL cholesterol. Apo B levels may be ordered to monitor the effectiveness of lipid treatment as an alternative to non-HDL-C (non-HDL-C is the total cholesterol concentration minus the amount of HDL). A healthcare practitioner may order both an lipoprotein a (associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the "good" cholesterol) and an apo B to determine an apo B/apo A-I ratio. This ratio is sometimes used as an alternative to a total cholesterol/HDL ratio to evaluate risk for developing CVD.

The most economical lab test panel with 4 tests for men on TRT:

1. Total Testosterone, Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
2. Free Testosterone, Equilibrium Dialysis
3. Ultrasensitive Estradiol, Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
4. Hematocrit

This PCOS lab test panel includes: Lipid Panel, CBC, CMP, Prolactin, C-Peptide,TSH, Free T3, Fee T4, Sex Hormone binding Globulin, DHEA Sulfate, Estrogen, FSH,Insulin Fasting, A1c, LH, Progesterone, 17-OH Progesterone,Testosterone, Total (LC/MS) and Free (EquilibriumvDialysis), and Vitamin D.

Polycystic literally means "many cysts." In medical terms, it usually refers to a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormonal disorder commonly seen in women of childbearing age. The condition is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled cysts in the ovaries. PCOS can cause symptoms like irregular periods, weight gain, acne, and excessive hair growth. Women with PCOS may also experience infertility, diabetes, and heart disease later in life. The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but genetics and insulin resistance are considered contributing factors. PCOS is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical examination, and blood tests. 

This panel includes: Testosterone, Total, LC/MS and Free (Equilibrium Dialysis), and 17-OH-progesterone, a metabolite that has been correlated with sperm production.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) shuts down upstream hormones like LH and FSH required for sperm production, so men on TRT generally have a difficult time to father a child. Some studies show that adding human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to a TRT protocol may improve sperm production since hCG is an analog of LH that could stimulate sperm production. But optimizing hCG dose and frequency based on sperm count can be a time consuming process since it takes at least 8 weeks to see changes in sperm tests. Fortunately, there is an easier way by measuring 17-OH-progesterone to predict the efficacy of the hCG+TRT protocol without having to wait for 8 weeks between hCG dose/frequency changes. 

Iodine, Serum/Plasma - Iodine is an essential element that is required for thyroid hormone production. The measurement of iodine serves as an index of adequate dietary intake and iodine overload, particularly from iodine-containing drugs such as Amiodarone.

The tests are usually ordered for patients prior to surgery to ensure normal clotting ability.  The PT and PTT Blood Tests are useful in the diagnosis of excessive, unexplained bleeding in patients who are not taking blood-thinning medications. These bleeding disorders include conditions such as nosebleeds, bruising, heavy menstrual periods, blood in the stool and/or urine, and bleeding gums, among others,

These two tests measure antithyroglobulin antibodies and Anti-TPO antibodies that are commonly present in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves disease and other thyroid-related conditions. Antibodies against the protein thyroglobulin can result in the destruction of thyroid cells. TPO antibodies are created when the immune system of a person targets by pure error elements of the thyroid gland or protein, leading to chronic thyroid inflammation, tissue damage, and damage to the thyroid function. Leaving this untreated may cause severe health issues. 

This high sensitivity CRP test is used along other blood markers to assess a patient's potential risk for cardiovascular disease. To illustrate the difference between CRP and hs-CRP, traditional testing measures CRP (quantitative) within the range of 10 to 1,000 mg/L, whereas hs-CRP values range from 0.5 to 10 mg/L. In simpler terms, hs-CRP measures trace amounts of CRP in the blood. Hs-CRP is the analyte of choice for cardiovascular risk assessment

D-Dimer is one of the by-products that can be measured after the fibrinolytic system is turned on. Fibrinolytic activation and intravascular thrombosis can be measured by the amount of D-Dimer in the blood. D-Dimer is especially helpful when ruling out venous thromboembolism in people who are at high risk.

This heart test panel includes blood tests that measure variables that affect heart health like electrolytes (CMP), hematocrit and immune cells (CBC), Cardio IQ Advanced Lipid Panel with Particle Sizes, and inflammatory markers like homocysteine, High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, and D-Dimer.

Hematocrit or hct blood test  is the volume measurement, i.e., the percentage of blood that is taken up by the red blood cells. Hemoglobin, on the other hand, is a density or concentration measurement and is expressed in grams per liter or deciliter. (Hemoglobin is, if you will recall from your high school biology, the iron-based protein that transports oxygen.) RBC is a simple count and is usually expressed as the number of million red blood cells that you have per microliter. Usually, hematocrit is three times the amount of hemoglobin.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) increases hematocrit in most men.  Read more about how to decrease hematocrit.

NOTE: Hematocrit is also part of the CBC panel, so no need to order separately if your order already includes CBC.

This panel includes CBC (Complete Blood Count) with differential, CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel), and Lipid Panel (LDL, HDL, Triglycerides). There are a total of 30 tests included in this panel for a very low price.

All patients who want to be administered Metformin, a medicine used to treat Type II Diabetes and regulate blood sugar, must have the tests included in our Metformin Treatment Lab Panel. This panel includes CMP, CBC, A1C, Fasting Insulin, and Vitamin B-12.

This lab test panel includes lab tests ordered by many physicians performing comprehensive annual physical exams. It does not include the actual phyisician physical exam, only these six tests:

• CBC
• CMP
• Lipids
• A1C
• TSH
• Urinalysis.

Phosphate (as Phosphorus) - Serum phosphorus (Phosphate) levels alone are of limited diagnostic value and should be correlated with serum calcium levels. An increased phosphorus with decreased calcium suggests either hypoparathyroidism or renal disease. A decreased phosphorus and an increased calcium suggests hyperparathyroidism or sarcoidosis. When both calcium and phosphorus are decreased diagnostic considerations include malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency and renal tubular acidosis. Increased phosphorus and normal or increased calcium suggests Milk-alkali syndrome or hypervitaminosis D.

The Cardio IQ® Insulin Resistance Score (IR), which uses fasting insulin and C-peptide measurements to estimate a person's likelihood of having insulin resistance. It eliminates the need for multiple samples and reduces the chance of errors that can occur with some other tests.

Having a high score (indicating a greater probability of insulin resistance) was linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, even after accounting for other risk factors. 

An IR score of <33 suggests that an individual has normal insulin sensitivity.
A score of 33 to 66 suggests that an individual has >4-fold greater odds of having IR compared with an individual with a score <33 .
A score >66 suggests that an individual has >15-fold greater odds of having IR compared to an individual with a score

Fasting Required for 10-12 hours. Water only.

This panel includes the two gold standard tests for estradiol and testosterone (Total and Free) that use liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry for best accuracy and no interactions.

This is a simple bodybuilder test panel for those who do not require Cystatin-C or GGT tests.  The panel includes: 

• Complete Blood Count (Immune Cells, Red Blood Cells, and Hematocrit)
• Complete Metabolic Panel (Blood sugar. electrolites, kidney and liver function)
• Lipids (LDL, HDL, and Triglycerides)
• Testosterone, Total LC/MS and Free Testosterone by Equilibrium Dialysis
• Ultrasenstitve Estradiol (Only Test Accurate in Men)

Urinalysis with reflex testing is done when the first urinalysis results are not normal or when doctors think the person might have a urinary tract infection, kidney disease, or another problem with their urinary tract. Several conditions may necessitate urinalysis with reflex testing. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common reason for reflex testing, as it helps healthcare providers identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment. Kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis or renal tubular acidosis, may also require reflex testing for accurate diagnosis and management. Conditions like hematuria (blood in urine) or proteinuria (protein in urine) warrant further investigation, as they may indicate underlying kidney disease or urinary tract neoplasms. Pregnant women may undergo reflex testing to monitor for gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.