Lab Test Education

Low T3: Thyroid Hormones and Reverse T3 What is the Thyroid? The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the lower front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. Despite its size, the thyroid has a big job to regulate many bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and development. This gland produces two main hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are necessary for overall health and well-being. By releasing these hormones into the bloodstream, the thyroid helps your body use energy so every cell can function properly. Thyroid Functions The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland about 2 inches long and is located in the front of your neck below your Adam’s apple. The thyroid has a big job in growth and metabolism by releasing the hormones thyroxine, or T4, and triiodothyronine, or T3, which regulate your body’s ability to convert calories and oxygen into energy. The hypothalamus in your brain produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or TRH, which stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH, from your pituitary gland. TSH then travels to your thyroid and tells it to release T4 and T3 into your bloodstream. Under normal conditions, your thyroid produces about 80% T4 and 20% T3 with T3 being 4 times more potent than T4. Keeping T3 and T4 in the normal range is essential for thyroid function and overall health. Every cell in your body has receptors for thyroid hormones that affect your cardiovascular system, bone metabolism, protein synthesis, body temperature regulation, cholesterol production, glucose metabolism, cognitive function, and your gastrointestinal tract. 20 million Americans have some form of thyroid disorder, and women are more affected than men. Thyroid Hormones Thyroid hormones, T3 and T4 are produced by the thyroid gland and are necessary for many bodily functions. T3 is the more active form of thyroid hormone and T4 is converted to T3 in the liver and other tissues. T3 tests are necessary for diagnosing thyroid conditions and understanding T3 levels. These hormones regulate metabolism, heart rate, body temperature and muscle strength. Thyroid hormones are also critical for growth and development especially in children and adolescents for proper physical and cognitive development. What are normal T3 levels? Normal T3 levels are measured in nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) of blood. The normal range for T3 levels varies among labs but generally is 80-180 ng/dL for adults. For children it’s 100-200 ng/dL. Check your lab report for the reference range, as values can vary slightly among labs. Low T3 Levels: Low T3 levels can mean an underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism. This is when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones, including T3. Low T3 levels can also be caused by starvation, certain medications, and severe illness. Symptoms of low T3 levels are fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and cold intolerance. In some cases low T3 levels can be a sign of a more serious condition like thyroid cancer or liver disease. High T3 Levels: High T3 levels can mean an overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism. This is when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, including T3. High T3 levels can also be caused by thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, and certain medications. Symptoms of high T3 levels are weight loss, increased appetite, rapid or irregular heartbeat, fatigue, heat intolerance, and mood changes. In severe cases, high T3 levels can cause a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm. What is Hypothyroidism and Symptoms and T3 Levels? Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, characterized by fatigue, weight gain, constipation, hair loss, dry skin, cold intolerance, irregular menstruation, depression, muscle pain, and cognitive impairment. Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland that doesn’t produce enough hormones for optimal metabolic function. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune disorder where the body produces antibodies that attack and destroy thyroid gland tissue. Other causes of hypothyroidism are iodine deficiency, pituitary tumor, radiation therapy on your face, neck, or chest; pregnancy and childbirth; aging; and underconversion of T4 to T3 due to inflammation, stress, selenium deficiency, and overexposure to fluoride, chlorine, or mercury. Liver disease can also affect thyroid function and T3 levels. If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms of hypothyroidism, you should ask your doctor to order blood tests that include TSH, free T4, free T3, reverse T3, and thyroid antibodies if he or she suspects Hashimoto’s. When interpreted correctly, lab results can help determine the underlying cause of your thyroid dysfunction and the right clinical interventions. What is Reverse T3 and T3 Test? Reverse T3 is often excluded by doctors when ordering lab tests for hypothyroidism because they think reverse T3 is an inactive metabolite with no physiological effect on the body. Not addressing reverse T3 has left many patients suffering from hypothyroidism despite their other lab tests coming back within normal range. A T3 test is important in diagnosing thyroid conditions and understanding T3 levels, as it helps to interpret thyroid health comprehensively. But reverse T3 does play a role in metabolic function when your body is under extreme stress by acting as an emergency brake to conserve energy. Under normal conditions, T4 is converted into the more active T3 that binds to cellular receptors all over your body to exert powerful metabolic effects. Reverse T3 is also produced to clear out excess T4 from your body when not needed. But when reverse T3 levels rise too high, it blocks the uptake of active T3 by binding to cell receptors, and the end result is a slowing down of metabolism. According to the National Academy of Hypothyroidism, in a normal thyroid, about 40% of T4 is converted to T3, and 20% is converted to reverse T3 daily. But if your thyroid is malfunctioning or your body needs to conserve energy and is under significant stress, the conversion ratio can change to 50% of T4 becoming reverse T3. A big change like that can impact thyroid function and hormone availability. If you have normal TSH, T4, and T3 but high reverse T3, you will still experience many symptoms of slow metabolism like weight gain, fatigue, depression, constipation, and chronic pain. To determine how T3 and reverse T3 are functioning at a cellular level, you need to calculate your free T3 to reverse T3 ratio by dividing the two numbers from your lab results. For example, if your free T3 is 325 and your reverse T3 is 26, then you just divide 325 by 26, which is 12.5. A healthy T3 to reverse T3 ratio should be above 20. So 12.5 would mean subclinical hypothyroidism. If a doctor prescribes synthetic thyroid medication like levothyroxine to a patient with subclinical hypothyroidism, it can worsen their condition because the T4 in the medication will continue to cause an increase in reverse T3. Thyroid Function Tests Thyroid function tests are important tools in diagnosing and monitoring thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). These tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood to assess thyroid gland function. The most common thyroid function tests are: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test: This test measures the level of TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Free T3 (FT3) test: This test measures the level of free T3 in the blood. Free T4 (FT4) test: This test measures the level of free T4 in the blood. Thyroid antibody tests: These tests measure the level of antibodies against thyroid cell proteins, which can indicate autoimmune thyroid disorders. Thyroid function testing includes other assessments like radioactive iodine uptake tests to diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. By looking at the results of these tests, healthcare providers can diagnose thyroid conditions and create a treatment plan to get thyroid function back to normal. Non-Blood Tests for Thyroid Function Besides blood tests, there are several non-blood tests that can be used to evaluate thyroid function. These tests are: Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) tests: These tests measure the amount of iodine taken up by the thyroid gland. High uptake means hyperthyroidism, and low uptake means hypothyroidism. Thyroid scans: These tests use a small amount of radioactive iodine to create an image of the thyroid gland. This can help identify any abnormalities in the gland, like nodules or cancer. Ultrasound: This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the thyroid gland. This can help identify any abnormalities in the gland, like nodules or cancer. Thyroid Antibody Tests Thyroid antibody tests are used to diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. These tests measure the level of antibodies against thyroid cell proteins in the blood. The most common thyroid antibody tests are: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies: These antibodies are present in most people with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies: These antibodies are present in some people with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) antibodies: These antibodies are present in people with Graves’ disease. Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) tests: These tests detect both stimulating and blocking antibodies in Graves’ disease. Remember, thyroid antibody tests are not used to diagnose all thyroid conditions, and a diagnosis of a thyroid condition can only be made by a healthcare provider based on clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and medical history. How to decrease reverse T3? There are two steps to decrease high Reverse T3: Remove all the factors that are converting T4 into reverse T3. Flush out the remaining Reverse T3 from your body. Factors that can convert T4 into reverse T3 include chronic illnesses like diabetes, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and Lyme disease; low-calorie diet or eating disorders like anorexia; chronic inflammation like autoimmune diseases; insulin resistance or leptin resistance; extreme exercise like marathons, triathlons, or heavy weightlifting; mental/emotional stress like loss of job, divorce, death of a loved one, or PTSD; gastrointestinal infections or imbalances like intestinal dysbiosis, irritable bowel syndrome, yeast overgrowth, or candida; and certain drugs like beta blockers, antidepressants, and diabetic and antiseizure medications. Radioactive iodine uptake tests can help assess thyroid function and diagnose hyperthyroidism. There are also several nutritional supplements that can support your thyroid gland and convert T4 into T3. One is iodine. Your body needs iodine to make thyroid hormones. In 2007, the World Health Organization estimated that 30% of the world’s population is iodine deficient, and infants born to mothers with hypothyroidism are at risk of learning and developmental delays. The recommended intake of iodine is 1-2 milligrams a day. The second is selenium. The thyroid gland has the highest concentration of selenium by weight of any organ in the body. Selenium is needed to form the enzymes that convert T4 into active T3. As an antioxidant, selenium also protects thyroid tissue from oxidative stress. The recommended intake of selenium is 200-400 micrograms a day. The third is zinc. Optimal zinc helps convert T4 into active T3 and lowers reverse T3. One study showed that when patients with normal T4, low T3 and high reverse T3 were given zinc supplements for 12 months, their T3 levels normalized and reverse T3 went back to normal. The recommended intake of zinc is 30-60 milligrams a day. Once you have addressed your T4 conversion issue, under the guidance of your healthcare provider, you can flush out the excess reverse T3 from your body with bioidentical T3 hormones like Cytomel or compounded and sustained-release T3. T3 cannot be converted into reverse T3 so as you slowly increase your T3 with medication, your T4 and reverse T3 will both go down. T3 medication dose is 5-25 micrograms daily on an empty stomach first thing in the morning. Be patient; it can take 8-12 weeks to feel better as the reverse T3 is flushed out of your system. Side effects can be anxiety, heart palpitations, nausea, and headaches. Work with your doctor to find the right T3 dose for you. GET YOUR THYROID TESTS HERE Thyroid Health Tips Thyroid health is key to overall health. Here’s how to keep your thyroid gland working optimally: Eat well: Include foods high in iodine, like seafood, dairy, and iodized salt, to support hormone production. Exercise: Regular physical activity helps thyroid function and overall health. Manage stress: Stress can harm thyroid function, so manage stress through meditation and yoga. Sleep well: Sleep is key to thyroid function and overall health. Avoid toxins: Some toxins, like pesticides and heavy metals, can affect thyroid function, so minimize exposure. Thyroid health can be affected by many factors, including genetics, age, and certain medical conditions. If you have thyroid concerns, see your healthcare provider, who can do thyroid function tests and give you personalized advice to keep your thyroid healthy. Bibliography  Thyroid Hormones Overview - NCBI Bookshelf What Is Reverse T3? - HealthCentral Research on Reverse T3 - PubMed Overview of the Thyroid Gland - Merck Manuals Understanding Reverse T3 Syndrome - Neuroendocrinology Society Reverse T3 and Its Role in Thyroid Health - Niki Cleuet Blog Thyroid Hormone Production and Function - ColumbiaDoctors Overview of Reverse T3 - Verywell Health Reverse T3 in Clinical Practice - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Thyroid Hormone: Production, Function, and Regulation - Cleveland Clinic Understanding Reverse T3 and Thyroid Dysfunction - Elixir Naturopathy Reverse T3: Key Insights - Paloma Health The Role of Thyroid Hormones: An Intricate Dance - Revolution Health  

DiscountedLabs.com is an online service that provides affordable and reliable lab tests without the need for a doctor's visit. The company has been in operation for 8 years and offers its services nationwide, with a wide range of medical testing options to suit various needs. They are in partnership with large laboratory networks, allowing customers to choose from a large selection of tests that enable them to monitor their general well-being without an initial doctor's visit. DiscountedLabs.com believes that knowledge is power and aims to empower educated patients to take charge of their health and effectively discuss health issues with their physicians. Many people find the prices offered by DiscountedLabs.com to be lower than their insurance co-pays for lab tests. The company allows customers to order lab tests online without requiring a doctor's visit. Discounted Labs is also HIPAA compliant, ensuring that patients' lab results and private medical information are secured and protected. By using DiscountedLabs.com, customers can save up to 80% on lab tests compared to retail prices, in addition to the savings from skipping doctor visits.   Table of Contents Save Money And Time By Ordering The Most Affordable Blood Tests Online! How to save time and money with online lab testing How to order blood tests online Learn the benefits of ordering your blood tests Why choose DiscountedLabs? FAQs related to online blood tests and lab tests Can I draw blood at home? Are online blood tests expensive? What should I do after I get the results? What should I know before drawing blood? Are my lab test results confidential? What to do next? Save Money And Time By Ordering The Most Affordable Blood Tests Online!   Did you know that you can order blood tests online, without having to visit a doctor? The direct-to-consumer lab testing industry is expanding each year at a rapid pace. Back in 2010, this industry was worth approximately $15 million, but today it increased to over $130 million! This is a good thing because people finally understand that they can take their health in their own hands and order lab tests on the internet in a much more affordable way. Welcome to DiscountedLabs.com, the premier destination for affordable and accessible lab tests without a doctor’s order in most cities across the United States. We are committed to empowering our customers with knowledge about their health through affordable blood testing. Our prices are competitive, and we invite you to compare them with other lab test companies. You'll appreciate that we are not like the rest. We believe that knowledge is power, and an educated patient can take charge of their health and discuss health issues more effectively with their physicians. At DiscountedLabs.com, we strive to provide our customers with the most affordable lab tests available. Many of our customers have found our prices to be lower than their insurance co-pays for lab tests. Since we do not require a doctor’s visit, you can save money on physician visit copays. Our online blood tests are a convenient and affordable way for you to take charge of your health. Some insurance companies may not cover certain blood tests or the required frequency for proper monitoring, which is where DiscountedLabs.com comes in. We offer affordable online blood tests so that you can take charge of your health without breaking the bank.   How to save time and money with online lab testing Getting a blood test through the current managed care medical system is unnecessarily difficult these days. Most people end up having long discussions with their healthcare providers, who might think that the tests are unnecessary. Even if doctors prescribe certain blood tests, some insurance companies may not approve them and later send patients large bills. Also, some insurance companies may be willing to pay for only a certain frequency of blood testing, which may not be adequate for patients who are adjusting medication doses. Getting blood tests using your current medical subscription can also become problematic and hugely expensive in comparison with ordering blood tests online. To buy blood tests without insurance, all that you have to do is find a reliable lab tests store such as DiscountedLabs. DiscountedLabs provides more than 50 different types of blood tests and panels and partners with one of the largest labs in the United States, having more than 1,800 lab centers across the country. Many people find this process to be much easier, eliminating the need to get blood tests through a doctor and having to pay copays or even a full doctor visit price. DiscountedLabs sells the most affordable blood tests in the United States and delivers the results to your email in as little as 5-7 business days.   How to order blood tests online Anything can be ordered online nowadays, so why shouldn’t you get your blood tests and skip the hassle usually associated with a doctor’s visit? Here’s what you have to do to order blood tests online. 1. Go to DiscountedLabs.com and click on the Find a Location tab to see if there is a lab near you. Note: Due to certain state legislation, DiscountedLabs does not serve the states of NY, NJ, AZ, and RI. 2. Go to Choose a Test to order your blood tests and pick your needed one from the list. There are multiple tests out there, such as the Elite Male Blood Test or the Complete Blood Count test. 3. Add your selected blood test to the cart 4. Pay by credit card. The transaction is completely safe and confidential 5. You’ll receive two emails from DiscountedLabs with information about your order The first email is a summary of your order. The second email contains a lab requisition form, which will be sent to LabCorp on your behalf. It takes less than 24 hours to receive a response from the lab. In most cases, people are receiving a third email in as little as 3 hours with a confirmation of their request form. This means that you can print the form and head directly to the nearest lab center to get your blood drawn. You don’t need insurance or any other document, just a photo ID so that the lab techs can identify you. Once you draw blood, the results will be mailed to you in as little as 4-5 business days, depending on the blood test.   Learn the benefits of ordering your blood tests There are numerous advantages to skipping the middleman and ordering your blood tests directly. For example: 1. Save a substantial amount of time 2. Save a great deal of money—many online blood tests are less expensive than if you would ask your doctor to get blood tests for you 3. Enjoy a quick, secure and confidential experience 4. Order from most US states 5. Have your results mailed to you 6. You can optimize your medication dosages without having to wait for weeks to see a doctor. 7. Most importantly, take matters into your own hands when it comes to your health!   Why choose DiscountedLabs? There are numerous online stores out there that offer blood tests and other types of tests, but DiscountedLabs is a popular choice among consumers for a wide variety of reasons. 1. DiscountedLabs provides the most affordable blood tests in the United States 2. There are several blood tests and panels you can choose from and up to 56 different lab tests such as heart tests, hormone tests, vitamin tests, heavy metal tests, etc 3. There are more than 1,800 lab locations across the US where you can go to draw blood for the tests you order on DiscountedLabs, so you won't travel very far from home regardless of the state you live in 4. You get a 10% discount on your first order with coupon 10percentoff 5. Your order is available for up to 90 days, so you don’t need to rush when it comes to drawing blood 6. You get stellar customer service and support, which will help you if you need assistance along the way 7. You can save money by ordering several tests bundled in panels (men’s panel, women’s panel, etc.) 8. No need for physician appointment or approval to order blood tests or other types of tests 9. You get your results online via email – no need to go back for another visit or wait at queues 10. Each order on DiscountedLabs offers you reward points you can use for a future purchase, saving you money   FAQs related to online blood tests and lab tests The online lab testing industry strives to provide a great service to their clients and help them learn about their health in an easier, faster and more affordable way. It is normal to have questions when ordering blood tests online; that’s why the following section aims to answer some of the questions you might have.   Can I draw blood at home? No, patients are required to visit a lab to draw blood in the presence of a medical professional. It is much safer and easier to draw blood in a medical setting, and the process is quick and painless. Some companies sell finger pricks and saliva test kits that they send to your home but those tests are not as accurate as actual blood tests.   Are online blood tests expensive? No. In fact, they are offered at competitive prices in comparison with getting yourself tested through your physician. Online blood tests are much more affordable simply because there’s no middleman involved (the doctor). You simply order these tests from a certified provider, have your blood sent to a lab and get your results back quickly. It is important to know that you can also get blood tests without insurance, so everyone can benefit from minimal healthcare by using direct-to-consumer lab tests. As a word of caution, ordering blood tests online can be done for informative purposes. This service is ideal for getting a broad overview of your health. If you have serious symptoms or health problems, make sure that you speak with your physician and don’t try to diagnose yourself through online tests.   What should I do after I get the results? Once the results are communicated to you via email, you can compare the numbers against reference values you can find online. For example, optimal total cholesterol levels for healthy adults should be less than 200 mg/dL. If you have higher than that but lower than 239 mg/dL, then this is a warning sign. If cholesterol levels are higher than 240 mg/dL, then you might need to speak with your physician and adjust your diet and lifestyle to lower your cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, if your fasting glucose levels are between 80 and 100 mg/dL, then your blood sugar is normal. If you have a fasting glucose level higher than 100 mg/dL but lower than 125 mg/dL, then you might have impaired glucose tolerance. If your fasting glucose level is 126 mg/dL or higher, then you are diabetic. Based on reference values like this, you can interpret your results and make appropriate lifestyle adjustments, such as exercising more, eliminating junk food from your diet, etc. It is also very important to not diagnose yourself but speak with your physician to find out more about your health based on your blood test results. Most importantly, you are not alone once you get the results and you should immediately ask for guidance from medical professionals.   What should I know before drawing blood? There are a few vital requirements you have to remember before drawing blood. For example, you shouldn’t eat or drink anything else than water for 9–12 hours before drawing blood. This will put your body in a fasting state, which is ideal for determining baseline hormonal, sugar and vitamin levels. Depending on the test you ordered, sometimes you might be required to stop biotin supplementation for 72 hours before drawing blood. Each blood test might have certain instructions to follow, and these will be communicated to you when you order the test. It is essential to follow these requirements before going to the lab to draw blood because they significantly influence the accuracy of the results.   Are my lab test results confidential? It is normal to be concerned about privacy when it comes to your health. That’s why DiscountedLabs goes the extra mile to protect your sensitive data as well as your blood test results. DiscountedLabs follows privacy and HIPAA policies which guarantee that your information will be safe, confidential, and not shared with anyone unless you authorize this. DiscountedLabs serves all US; expect a few states such as New York, New Jersey, and Rhode Island.   What to do next? The next step is to order your blood tests and learn more about your health. Visit DiscountedLabs, choose your favorite test, and you’ll save lots of time and money in the process!    

Analyzing a simple blood sample can give you useful information about your health. It’s a simple and fast process. It saves you money and helps stop serious diseases. You can order blood tests from trusted online sources for accurate results. A form will be sent to you. This form lets you go to a local clinic or lab to draw your blood. Then, your blood is tested, and you will get the results in just a few business days. There are many helpful blood tests you can take to check your health and look for health issues. For instance, you can know if your blood sugar level is high, how your thyroid hormones are doing, or how much protein is in your blood. A lot of these types of tests need you to fast beforehand. This is something you should be aware of before having the test. Some common tests that may need fasting include the routine physical, blood glucose test, cholesterol test (lipid panel), triglyceride level test, serum iron test, vitamin B12 test, vitamin B complex test, renal function panel, and gamma-glutamyl transferase test. Fasting for Blood Work: Why Is It Needed? People need to fast before several blood tests. This is important because some foods and drinks can change the hormones in your blood. If you do not fast, the blood test results may not be correct. This can lead to the doctor making a wrong diagnosis. If you eat something and then have a blood glucose test, your blood sugar levels could be very high. Based on your blood test results, the doctor might say that you have diabetes. The body digests food and turns it into sugar called glucose. For the cells to take in this glucose, the pancreas releases insulin. A few hours later, the insulin helps the cells absorb the sugar from the blood. Your glucose levels will readjust to normal. It is important to fast before certain blood tests. This helps the doctor find the usual hormone levels in your blood. If these levels are not normal when you are fasting, you might need treatment for your condition. What Tests Commonly Require Fasting? At this moment, you might be asking, “What blood tests require fasting?" Not every blood test needs it, but some definitely do. Here are a few blood tests that require you to fast. Not everyone needs to fast before a blood test. However, some blood tests may need you to fast. These tests usually include: 1. Blood Glucose Test This test is very common and works as mentioned earlier. It helps the doctor find out the real sugar level in the body. Patients should not eat or drink anything except water for 9 to 10 hours before taking the test. 2. Cholesterol Test Measuring cholesterol levels in the body is very important. It helps to find out different types of diseases, especially heart-related ones. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that coats the inside of blood vessels. It helps keep the blood vessels flexible. But too much cholesterol can lead to blockages in veins and arteries. A clear sign of high cholesterol levels is high blood pressure. Cholesterol has two main types: LDL and HDL. LDL cholesterol is often called the "bad" kind. High levels of LDL cholesterol can be harmful to your health. HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol. High levels of HDL are beneficial. A regular blood test can check your HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. With this information, your doctor can suggest changes, often about your diet and exercise plan. 3. Triglyceride Test Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the human body. They act differently than cholesterol. Cholesterol helps build cells and is important for making hormones. In contrast, triglycerides are used for energy when the body needs it. Each person uses calories every day. Calories from food or drinks that are not used turn into triglycerides. These are kept in fat cells. When the body needs more energy, it takes fat from these cells and changes the triglycerides back into energy. Having too many triglycerides in the body can be harmful. They can thicken the walls of your arteries. This leads to high blood pressure and heart disease. Over time, very high levels of triglycerides can cause heart attacks and other heart problems. 4. Liver Test Your liver does about 500 tasks in your body, based on some recent studies. Its main job is to clean your blood. It also helps with digestion and metabolism. Fasting is needed before a liver function blood test. This helps stop food from affecting the blood hormones. A liver test can tell if there is any liver damage like liver disease. It checks if the liver makes the right hormones in the right amounts. It also shows how many B vitamins are stored in the liver. The test can find out if a patient has any kind of hepatitis too. 5. Metabolic Panel Test A metabolic test checks various enzymes, electrolytes, and hormones in your body. It looks at substances like sodium, potassium, albumin (a protein), bilirubin, calcium, carbon dioxide, alanine transaminase, and others. Keeping a balance of certain substances in your body is important. For example, too much sodium can make your blood acidic. This condition can lead to several diseases. Likewise, not having enough calcium can cause your bones to weaken. This can make you more likely to have fractures and osteoporosis. You have to fast before a metabolic blood test. This is important because some foods have the substances that will be tested. If you eat or drink anything other than water before the test, it could change the results negatively. This might lead to a wrong diagnosis. 6. Kidneys Test The kidneys are important organs in our body. They, like the liver, help filter out toxins and remove them. The kidneys have many functions. If they are hurt, they can even take on tasks from other organs. A kidney blood test checks several important substances and hormones in the kidneys. One key part of this test is the glomerular filtration rate. This shows how well your kidneys filter out toxins. Before the test, you can only drink water. Eating or drinking anything else could overwork your kidneys. 7. Iron Blood Test All people need a small amount of iron in their blood to stay healthy and feel energetic every day. A blood test can check how much iron is stored in your body. If you do not have enough iron, you may feel very tired and could develop anemia, which is a condition that causes extreme fatigue. Iron is often in many different foods. Eating these foods before a blood test can raise your iron levels, which might give a wrong result. That’s why you need to fast for at least 8 to 10 hours before getting an iron blood test. Keep in mind that some supplements you take, like multivitamins, may have iron in different amounts. You should stop taking these vitamins and minerals for at least 1-2 days before the test. 8. Vitamin B12 Test Vitamin B12, which is also called cobalamin, helps with the metabolism of nearly all the cells in our body. You can find it in many foods and drinks. This makes it simple to get a good amount of vitamin B12 in one meal, especially if you enjoy eating vegetables and legumes. This vitamin is very important for the nervous system. People who don’t get enough vitamin B12 and other B vitamins often get illnesses that affect their nervous system. If you need to have a vitamin B12 blood test, make sure not to eat or drink anything for at least 6 to 8 hours before the test. 9. Heavy Metals Panel You can also test how many heavy metals are in your body. Some metals can harm your health if they are too high. For instance, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead are common heavy metals found in people. Some of these metals move through the blood, while others stick to bones and organs. If they are in high amounts, they can cause poisoning and, in severe cases, death. A blood test can help you find out how bad your heavy metal issue is. It can also show if you need treatment or detox. You can't eat or drink before your blood test, especially if you are taking prescription medications. This is because some foods have heavy metals. Sardines can have high levels of arsenic, no matter where they come from. Other fish and seafood can have a lot of mercury too. It is best to fast for at least 8 to 10 hours before the heavy metal blood test. 10. Hormone Tests Food can raise insulin levels in the blood. This rise can lower hormones like testosterone, IGF-1, thyroid, and more. If you are on TRT, fasting has no impact on your testosterone level, however. Fasting for Blood Work Q&A - Answering Some of Your Questions Now you know about fasting for blood work, you may still have some questions. Many people have questions about the type of test and fasting. It’s important to answer these questions. For example, what is fasting blood work? Why do you need it? How long should you fast before a blood test? This article will answer these questions and more about fasting for blood work. 1. Can I Drink Coffee, Alcohol, or Smoke During My Fasting for Blood Work? No, you can't drink coffee, even black coffee, without sugar. Coffee has enzymes that can affect your liver and your hormone levels. You should avoid drinking coffee before a blood test. Smoking is not allowed. It can harm your glucose levels and raise heavy metal levels in your body. The best choice is to quit smoking completely. This will make you feel much healthier. You should not drink any alcoholic drinks if you are concerned about liver health and liver enzymes. This is important because alcohol can raise your glucose levels and cause inflammation in your body. It is best to avoid alcohol for at least 1-2 days before a blood test. This is because the body needs time to get rid of alcohol. You should also avoid smoking when fasting for blood work. Smoking can mess with your results, especially your hemoglobin levels. 2. Can I Chew Gum or Brush My Teeth Before the Test? Chewing gum is not allowed. It affects how your body makes digestive fluids. The sweetness of the gum can also change your blood sugar level. Instead of chewing gum, you can brush your teeth, as long as you don’t swallow anything. If you swallow toothpaste, it may trigger hormones and enzymes in your body, so be careful with that. 3. Can I Exercise While I’m Fasting? Ideally, no. This is true unless you are doing very light exercises that don’t use weights. Exercising often raises the inflammation levels in your body. For instance, intense workouts like lifting weights or sprinting can increase C-reactive protein levels. This protein is a sign of inflammation. If you take an inflammation test while exercising, the results may not be correct. Vigorous exercise can raise your testosterone and human growth hormone levels for a short time. If you take a blood test after working out, the results for these hormones may be wrong. This can lead to mistakes in the doctor’s diagnosis. Additionally, working out makes you feel hungry. However, if you are fasting, you can't eat anything. Not eating after exercising can make you feel dizzy and cause other issues. It's better to avoid the gym the day before your blood test. 4. For How Long Should I Fast? As a general rule, the first thing you should do is fast for at least 8 hours of fasting before a blood test. Many doctors plan these tests for early in the morning. This way, you are asleep for most of the fasting time. Sometimes, you may need to fast for 10 or 12 hours, or even a longer period of time. Your doctor will tell you if this is necessary. You might also have to stop taking biotin supplements for 72 hours before a blood glucose test. For some tests, like a direct LDL cholesterol test, a longer fast of 14 hours may be needed. It is important to follow your doctor's advice about how long to fast before your specific blood test. 5. What If I Accidentally Ate Before a Fasting Blood Test? It is common for patients, including pregnant people, to forget they are fasting and eat or drink something by mistake. If this happens, it's not a big deal, but you should tell your healthcare provider before the test. They will think about this when looking at the blood test results. In some rare cases, you might be able to change your blood test appointment if it has been a long time since you ate or drank. Remember, liquids like fruit juice, teas, and sodas should be avoided while fasting to get good test results, which is a good idea. After the blood test, feel free to enjoy your cup of coffee or have a snack! 6. Should I Take My Meds/Vitamins During My Fast? As a basic guideline, the answer is no. This is because your medications and supplements may have ingredients that could change the hormones in your body. This means that the test results might be impacted, leading to an incorrect diagnosis. Tell your doctor about the medications and vitamins you are taking. Ask if you should stop taking these while you fast. This way, you will know what to do. 7. What are Some Tips to Make Fasting for Blood Work Easier? Fasting for blood work can be tough. Here are a few tips to help make it easier: Plan your fasting time carefully: Schedule your blood work for early morning. This way, you can get a good night's sleep and reduce the time without food. Stay hydrated: Drink a lot of water while you fast. But, avoid other drinks like coffee, tea, or juice. They could affect your blood test results. Distract yourself: Keep busy during your fasting time. This can help you think less about food. Try reading, watching movies, or taking a walk. Dress comfortably: Wear loose and comfy clothes to your blood work appointment. This will make you feel better during the test. Talk to your healthcare provider: If fasting is hard for you or you have worries about it, let your healthcare provider know. They might give you helpful advice or adapt things to fit your needs. Fasting before blood work is important. It helps make sure the test results are correct. You can follow these tips to make fasting easier. Stay positive, and you will get through it successfully. Get Your Blood Test Today! Did you know you can now buy fasting blood tests online? These are called direct-to-consumer labs. They are often affordable. You do not need to see a doctor or get a prescription. You will get your results in just a few business days. Visit DiscountedLabs.com to see the popular blood tests available. Some of these tests may need you to fast beforehand. They will help you understand your health better. References: Blood Tests - NHLBI Diabetes Testing - CDC Iron Tests - MedlinePlus Triglycerides Test - MedlinePlus Blood Glucose Test - MedlinePlus Fasting for a Blood Test - MedlinePlus Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)—MedlinePlus Effect of dehydration on blood tests  

Mastering TSH w/Reflex to FT4 Testing: Your Ultimate Guide What does TSH with reflex to FT4 mean in a lab test? TSH w/reflex to FT4 in lab tests means that if the levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) are not normal, extra tests will be done to check the Free T4 (FT4) levels. This reflex testing gives a better view of thyroid function from just one blood sample. What is a TSH blood test w/reflex to FT4? A tsh blood test with a follow-up for FT4 checks how well the thyroid works in two steps. First, we measure TSH, which is the thyroid-stimulating hormone. This tells us about the thyroid activity. If the TSH result is not in the normal range, we then test for FT4, or free thyroxine. This helps us learn more about thyroid function. Thyroid function is very important for our health. Changes in thyroid hormone levels, like protein levels, can affect how we feel. A couple of key tests to check thyroid function are TSH and FT4 tests. These tests give doctors useful information. This helps find and treat thyroid problems early. In this blog, we will look at TSH and FT4 tests. We will discuss why they matter, how they are done, what the test results mean, and who might need them. So, let's learn how these tests can support good thyroid function.     Understanding TSH and FT4 The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ in the neck. It makes thyroid hormone, which helps control many body functions. This includes metabolism, heart rate, and making proteins. The pituitary gland, found at the base of the brain, helps control how much thyroid hormone is made. It does this by releasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Doctors often check TSH levels to see how well the thyroid is working. High TSH levels may mean that the thyroid is underactive, which is called hypothyroidism. On the other hand, low TSH levels can suggest that the thyroid is overactive, known as hyperthyroidism. Free thyroxine (FT4) is a thyroid hormone found in the blood. It is ready for the body's cells to use. Checking FT4 levels allows healthcare providers to find thyroid issues, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Definition of TSH and Its Importance The pituitary gland in the brain makes a hormone called TSH, or thyroid-stimulating hormone. This hormone helps the thyroid gland create two key hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are important for controlling metabolism, growth, and development in the body. We can check TSH levels to find thyroid disorders, like hypothyroidism, which is when the thyroid is underactive, or hyperthyroidism, which is when it is overactive. High TSH levels mean the thyroid isn’t working enough, and low levels mean it is working too much. Keeping TSH levels right is important for your health and well-being. Definition of FT4 and Its Importance FT4, which stands for free thyroxine, is a blood test. It shows how much free thyroid hormone is in your blood. This hormone is important because it helps control your metabolism and energy levels. If FT4 levels are too high or too low, it may mean you have a thyroid problem, like hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Checking FT4 levels is key for finding and treating thyroid issues. It also helps keep you healthy and feeling good. Importance of TSH w/Reflex to FT4 Test The TSH with a reflex to FT4 test is an important way to find thyroid disease early. Regularly checking thyroid hormone levels is vital for good thyroid function and health. This test helps to spot subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These conditions may have few or no signs, but they can cause serious problems later if not treated. The TSH with reflex to FT4 test helps to diagnose and treat abnormal thyroid hormone levels quickly. This can stop complications related to thyroid dysfunction. Plus, this test is key for checking treatment in people who already have thyroid disorders. It shows how well the treatment is working and helps keep hormone levels in the right range. The Procedure for TSH with Reflex to FT4 Test The TSH with reflex to FT4 test is an easy blood test. It can be done in many labs and healthcare places. A healthcare provider will take a blood sample, usually from a vein in your arm. You do not need to fast for this test. However, it is important to tell your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, especially thyroid medication and thyroid tests. Some of these may change the test results. The blood sample is checked for TSH levels. If the TSH levels are not normal, more tests like FT4 are done. This helps to get a better understanding of thyroid function. The test results, symptoms, and clinical evaluation help doctors decide the best treatment plan. Interpreting the TSH w/Reflex to FT4 Test Results Understanding TSH and FT4 test results is very important for diagnosing thyroid issues. Normal TSH levels usually range from 0.4 to 4.0 mU/L. However, different labs may have slightly different normal ranges. If tsh results are not normal, it could mean the thyroid is underactive or overactive. This means more tests may be needed. Remember, even if your TSH is normal, too much thyroid hormone can still cause symptoms. This is why you should talk to your healthcare provider about any symptoms, even if your TSH results are in the normal range. High levels of TSH usually mean hypothyroidism. This is when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can be weight gain, feeling very tired, dry skin, hair loss, being sensitive to cold, and feeling depressed. Low TSH levels may show that someone has hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. People with hyperthyroidism can have several symptoms. These symptoms include weight loss, sweating more than usual, a fast heartbeat, feeling irritable, anxiety, shaking, having many bowel movements, not tolerating heat well, and feeling tired. It is important to know that subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can happen. These conditions might have mild or no symptoms. They can be found by checking the TSH levels, which is why understanding the test result is important for early treatment.     TSH with Reflex to FT4 test and Specific Populations Older people can have different thyroid hormone levels compared to younger adults. This makes the TSH with reflex to FT4 test very important for them. This test helps understand how well the thyroid is working in older adults. Some autoimmune diseases can also affect thyroid function. This shows how vital this test is for diagnosis. People with thyroid nodules, inflammation, or cancer can also gain useful information from the test results. Additionally, doctors might suggest this test for people who are very ill. This highlights how valuable it is for different groups of patients. Why Should I Get a Thyroid Hormone TSH with Reflex to fT4 Test? Understanding why thyroid hormone testing, like TSH testing, is important can help people manage their thyroid health and feel better overall. The thyroid gland is essential because it controls many body functions. When thyroid hormone levels are off, as shown by TSH testing, it can lead to symptoms that impact weight, energy levels, mood, heart rate, and more. By getting a TSH reflex-free T4 test, people can learn important details about their thyroid function. This helps doctors diagnose thyroid issues correctly. The test can find both underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) and overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) conditions. It can even catch these problems in early stages when there might be few or no symptoms. Regular testing of thyroid hormones is very important. This includes the TSH test that checks FT4 levels. It is especially crucial for people with thyroid problems, older adults, those with autoimmune diseases, serious illnesses, or anyone with thyroid nodules, inflammation, or cancer. When healthcare providers keep an eye on thyroid function, they can create personalized plans. This helps to optimize thyroid hormone levels, ease symptoms, and improve overall quality of life. If you have any of these symptoms, it's a good idea to talk to your doctor. You might need to get the TSH with reflex to FT4 test. Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This can lead to many symptoms. These include weight gain, tiredness, dry skin, hair loss, being sensitive to cold, feeling down, muscle weakness, constipation, and problems with memory. People with hypothyroidism might also have heavy menstrual periods and a slow heart rate. Subclinical hypothyroidism can show mild symptoms or none at all. This highlights the need for tests to check for thyroid dysfunction accurately. When Your Thyroid Slows Down: Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism happens when your thyroid works less than it should. Some signs you might feel are: Feeling very tired all the time Being sensitive to cold weather Gaining weight Losing hair Puffiness around the eyes A slower heart rate Having trouble breathing Experiencing constipation Changes in menstrual cycles In rare cases, fainting Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. This can cause several symptoms. People may lose weight, sweat a lot, feel their heart racing, feel irritable, or feel anxious. They might also have shaking hands, go to the bathroom often, feel hot even when it's not, and feel very tired. Some women may notice irregular periods or trouble sleeping. They might also feel weak in their muscles. It is important to spot the symptoms of hyperthyroidism early. This helps get treatment quickly, reduces symptoms, and keeps further problems from happening. Understanding Hyperthyroidism: When Your Thyroid is Overactive Hyperthyroidism happens when your thyroid works too hard. This can show in different ways, such as: Feelings of anxiety and changing moods Being easily irritated Weak muscles, especially in the arms and legs Trouble sleeping Shaking hands Sweating a lot Not being able to handle heat well An irregular heartbeat Always feeling tired Unexplained weight loss Going to the bathroom more often Irritated or bulging eyes (often linked to Graves' disease) Changes in menstrual cycles Changes in men’s health, like breast growth and erectile dysfunction Thinning hair Higher blood sugar levels Shortness of breath Needing to urinate more often Symptoms of Hashimoto's An autoimmune disorder like Hashimoto's affects the thyroid gland. This can lead to several symptoms that impact daily life. Common signs include tiredness, unexplained weight gain, hair loss, and feelings of depression. To diagnose and keep track of Hashimoto's, healthcare providers use a TSH test with reflex to FT4. This test measures thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine in the blood, and thyroid antibodies. High TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies can point to Hashimoto's disease. Treatment usually includes medication to control thyroid hormone levels and help with specific symptoms. It is important for people with Hashimoto's to communicate regularly with their healthcare provider. This helps them manage the condition effectively. Symptoms of Grave’s disease Symptoms of Grave's disease include weight loss, feeling irritable, and being extra sensitive to heat. People with this condition may also have hand tremors, feel anxious, and experience a fast heart rate. Other common signs are bulging eyes, tiredness, and weak muscles. You might notice thinner skin, brittle hair, and missed or irregular periods. It is important to recognize these symptoms early. Doing so can help manage Grave's disease more effectively. How to Prepare for a TSH Blood Test? Preparing for a TSH blood test is quite easy, and you don't need to fast. However, you should tell your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, including thyroid medication. These can change the test results. When you go for the test, wear a shirt with loose sleeves. This will help make blood sample collection easy. The normal range for TSH levels is usually between 0.4 to 4.0 mU/L. Knowing this range helps you understand your test results better. Remember, different labs might have slightly different normal ranges for TSH levels. So, it's a good idea to check with your healthcare provider to read your results correctly. How is TSH with reflex free t4 Test Useful? The TSH with reflex free T4 test is helpful for checking how well the thyroid gland is working. It shows if the thyroid is making enough of the hormone thyroxine (T4). This hormone is key for managing metabolism. The test can find conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It also helps to track how well treatment is working. This makes the test important for looking at thyroid function and health. How are TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and T4 (thyroxine) levels related? TSH, or thyroid stimulating hormone, helps make thyroxine, known as T4, in the pituitary gland. T4 levels are very important because they control metabolism, heart rate, and protein production, along with other body functions. The levels of T3 and T4 affect how much TSH is made. If T3/T4 levels are high, TSH goes down. If T3/T4 levels are low, TSH goes up. Watching TSH levels is a good way to check for thyroid dysfunction, especially if there is no concern about pituitary disease. A normal TSH shows that most primary thyroid diseases are not present. Low TSH levels mean the thyroid is overactive, while high TSH levels mean the thyroid is underactive. Low TSH and normal T4 Low levels of TSH and normal levels of T4 show that the thyroid is overactive. This is called subclinical hyperthyroidism. In this condition, TSH is low and T4 is normal, but there are no symptoms or they haven't appeared yet. Studies suggest that up to 16% of people may have subclinical hyperthyroidism. Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism can be weight loss, a fast heart rate, and anxiety. To find out the reason for low TSH and normal T4, more tests may be needed. These tests can look for issues like Graves' disease or thyroid nodules. It is important to talk to healthcare providers to check thyroid function and manage it correctly. Low TSH and high T4 Low TSH levels and high T4 levels show that the thyroid is overactive. This means a person may have hyperthyroidism. Some symptoms of hyperthyroidism are weight loss, heat intolerance, and a fast heart rate. It is important to talk to healthcare providers for more evaluation and treatment. The low TSH and high T4 can suggest issues like Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, or too much medication. Other tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. High TSH normal T4 High levels of TSH and normal levels of T4 show that the thyroid is underactive. This condition is called hypothyroidism. You may feel symptoms of hypothyroidism, like weight gain, tiredness, and feeling cold. To fix hormone levels, you might need thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Your healthcare provider will help make a treatment plan based on your test results and how you feel. It is very important to check your thyroid function regularly. This ensures that your thyroid hormone levels stay good and that you feel well overall. If your blood test shows these results, your healthcare provider will keep an eye on your levels to see if they change and lead to clinical hypothyroidism. Low TSH and low T4 Low levels of TSH and T4 can show serious health issues or central hypothyroidism. This condition happens due to problems with the pituitary gland. It is important to get medical help right away for more tests and treatment. Addressing central hypothyroidism is key because it can greatly impact health. Talking to healthcare providers is very important to find out why TSH and T4 levels are low. Often, hormone replacement therapy is needed to get thyroid hormone levels back to normal. High TSH and low T4 High levels of TSH and low levels of T4 show primary hypothyroidism. This can happen due to conditions like thyroid nodules or inflammation in the thyroid gland. Some symptoms of hypothyroidism are fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Primary hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. To help with this, thyroid hormone replacement therapy is often needed. Healthcare providers check thyroid function regularly to make sure the treatment is working well. High TSH and high T4 High levels of TSH and T4 show that the thyroid is working too much and there is too much thyroid hormone. This can happen because of things like too much thyroid medication or resistance to thyroid hormone. A lot of TSH may also mean that your thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormone. This is known as hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid. Many health issues can lead to hypothyroidism, like Hashimoto’s disease. Around 5% of adults in the United States have this condition. You need to see a doctor quickly for more tests and treatment. Healthcare providers will figure out why the thyroid hormone levels are high. They may need to change the thyroid medication or treatment plans to manage thyroid function the right way.     Frequently Asked Questions Where can I buy an affordable TSH with reflex to FT4 test? DiscountedLabs.com provides the cheapest thyroid tests available online. You can order them without needing to visit a doctor. A lab near you can perform the tests. What are some conditions that can affect the results of a TSH with reflex to FT4? Several things can change the results of a TSH blood test that checks FT4. These include using medications, being pregnant, going through menopause, having issues with the pituitary gland, having thyroid problems, fasting, or dealing with an illness. Medications like steroids or thyroid hormone replacement can change TSH levels. This can give unusual test results. Hormones from pregnancy or menopause can also change TSH levels. It is important to think about these factors when looking at test results. If someone has medical conditions like pituitary gland disorders or thyroid disease, this can also lead to unusual TSH results. Further checks are needed to find the main problem. Also, fasting or being sick can affect TSH levels. It's vital to think about each person's situation when looking at these test results. How often should someone get a TSH w/reflex to FT4 done and why? The number of TSH blood tests that lead to FT4 testing depends on a person's health history, symptoms, thyroid issues, and treatment plans. People with thyroid disorders might need to have these tests more often, often every 6 to 12 months. This helps check their thyroid function and how well their medications are working. Regular tests are important. They help maintain good thyroid hormone levels and overall health. Talking to healthcare providers is key in creating a testing schedule that fits each person's needs. Is fasting required before taking this test, or can it be taken at any time of day? Fasting is not usually needed before taking the TSH with reflex to FT4 test. This makes it easy for people to schedule the test when they want. You can take the test at any time of day. However, healthcare providers often prefer that it is done in the morning. This is to check for normal daily hormone changes. It is important to tell healthcare providers about any medicines, supplements, or health issues that might affect the test results. This helps to ensure that the test results are read correctly. Always follow the healthcare provider's advice on any food restrictions or other test preparations for the best results. What is a good TSH level for your age? TSH levels can change due to a person's age, gender, overall health, and the reference ranges of different labs. A normal TSH value is usually between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/L. Older adults may have slightly higher TSH levels. The reference ranges may also be adjusted for normal aging. Some experts believe the normal upper limit for TSH should be lower, around 2.5 mU/L. They suggest this because most adults without thyroid disease usually have TSH values between 0.45 and 4.12 mU/L. This is especially true for younger females. It is important to talk to healthcare providers to find out the right TSH levels based on individual age, health, and symptoms. What does it mean when TSH is low and FT4 is high? When TSH levels are low and FT4 levels are high, it means the thyroid is overactive. This condition is known as hyperthyroidism. It can happen due to several reasons, like Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, or using too much medication. People with hyperthyroidism may experience symptoms like weight loss, heat intolerance, heart pounding, anxiety, and irritability. It’s important to get medical help right away. A doctor can check the symptoms, confirm the diagnosis, and create a treatment plan. This plan will help control thyroid hormone levels and manage hyperthyroidism well. What are early warning signs of thyroid problems? Thyroid problems can show up in different ways. Some symptoms are mild and easy to miss. Early signs of thyroid issues include feeling tired, gaining or losing weight, mood changes, or low energy. Other signs are hair loss, dry skin, muscle weakness, and changes in menstrual periods. If you notice any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor. Getting medical help is key for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment for thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to understand how TSH and FT4 levels relate to thyroid function. The TSH with reflex to FT4 test is a good method to diagnose and keep track of thyroid disorders. By looking at the results, healthcare providers can find specific groups that are at risk and offer proper treatment. Remember to do the right things to prepare for the test and talk to your healthcare provider for help. Regular monitoring is key for good thyroid health. If you feel symptoms like tiredness, weight changes, or mood swings, it is important to get tested and ask for medical help. Take control of your thyroid health and focus on your well-being. BUY YOUR OWN THYROID TESTS ON DISCOUNTED LABS   References [1] Laboratory Values and Interpretation[2] Thyroid Function Tests (TSH, FT4, FT3)[3] Thyroid Hormone Measurement in Primary Care[4] Thyroid Function Tests Overview[5] TSH Reflex: When Is It Ordered?[6] Cleveland HeartLab: TSH with Reflex to FT4[7] Quest Diagnostics: TSH with Reflex to Free T4

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) and a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) are both common blood tests used to assess overall health, but they measure different components and provide distinct information. Here's a comparison of cbc vs cmp: Purpose and Components CBC Panel: Focus: Blood cell counts and characteristics Measures: Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Includes: Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels Provides: Information about blood cell production and function CMP Panel: Assesses: Metabolic and chemical balance in the body Measures: Electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes Includes: Glucose levels and kidney/liver function tests Provides: A broader overview of organ function and metabolism Specific Tests Red blood cell count White blood cell count and differential Platelet count Hemoglobin Hematocrit Red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) Glucose Calcium Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide) Proteins (albumin, total protein) Kidney function (BUN, creatinine) Liver function (ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin) Primary Uses Diagnosing blood disorders (e.g., anemia, leukemia) Detecting infections Monitoring overall health and immune system function Assessing blood loss or clotting issues Evaluating kidney and liver function Checking electrolyte and fluid balance Screening for diabetes Assessing overall metabolic health Preparation Generally no special preparation required Often requires fasting for 10-12 hours before the test, especially for accurate glucose measurement [5] Number of Tests Typically includes about 10-12 measurements Consists of 14 specific tests[5] Interpretation Abnormalities may indicate blood disorders, infections, or other health issues Results are often interpreted alongside other tests for a comprehensive health assessment Provides insights into organ function, particularly the liver and kidneys Abnormal results may suggest metabolic disorders, electrolyte imbalances, or organ dysfunction In summary, while both tests are valuable for assessing overall health, the CBC focuses on blood cell components and related disorders, while the CMP provides a broader view of metabolic function and organ health. Healthcare providers often use these tests in combination for a more comprehensive evaluation of a patient's health status. Diagnostic Focus Focuses on: Metabolic and organ function[1] Assesses: Liver and kidney health Evaluates: Electrolyte balance and blood sugar levels Provides: Insight into overall metabolism Concentrates on: Blood cell components and characteristics[2] Assesses: Bone marrow function Evaluates: Oxygen-carrying capacity of blood Provides: Information about the immune system and clotting ability Specific Diagnostic Capabilities Diabetes screening and monitoring (glucose levels) Liver function assessment (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin) Kidney function evaluation (BUN, creatinine) Electrolyte imbalances (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate) Protein levels and nutritional status (albumin, total protein) Anemia diagnosis and classification Infection detection (elevated white blood cell count) Blood disorders like leukemia or lymphoma Platelet abnormalities and clotting disorders Bone marrow function assessment Organ Systems Evaluated Primarily assesses liver, kidney, and pancreas function Provides insight into overall metabolic health Primarily evaluates the hematological system Indirectly reflects bone marrow function and immune system status Number of Components Measures 14 different substances in the blood [1] Typically includes 5-7 main components, with additional calculated values [4] Preparation and Procedure Often requires fasting for accurate glucose measurement [1] Generally does not require fasting [4] CBC vs CMP: Complementary Nature While the CMP and CBC panels differ in their focus, they are often ordered together to provide a more comprehensive picture of a patient's health. The CMP offers insight into metabolic processes and organ function, while the CBC provides crucial information about blood cell production and function. Together, they offer a broader view of overall health status and can help identify a wide range of medical conditions. In summary, the CMP panel is better suited for assessing metabolic health, liver and kidney function, and electrolyte balance, while the CBC panel excels in diagnosing blood disorders, infections, and evaluating overall blood cell health. Both tests are valuable tools in medical diagnostics, often used in conjunction to provide a more complete health assessment. Citations Complete Blood Count - Wikipedia Complete Blood Count - Mayo Clinic Complete Blood Count - Labcorp Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Wikipedia Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Cleveland Clinic How to Read Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Kidney Foundation Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - MedlinePlus Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - Testing.com Complete Blood Count - Testing.com Complete Blood Count - WebMD

Those of you thinking that all surprises are good obviously haven’t seen how much lab test bills are these days. And if your insurance plan doesn’t cover all of them, as many don’t, that surprise can get even worse. What shouldn’t come as a surprise to most of you is that insurance companies will often try to pay as little as they can. Of course, you won’t find that in any of their marketing materials. It’s just the way the real world operates. According to a recent AmeriSpeak survey, nearly 60 percent of U.S. residents said they have been surprised by a medical bill they had expected their health insurance to cover.[1] Surprise Medical Bill Breakdown by Type More than 1000 English speaking adults were polled in the survey. When asked what types of uncovered medical bills surprised them the most, the breakdown was as follows: Uncovered physician services 53 percent Uncovered laboratory tests 51 percent Uncovered facility fees 43 percent Imaging services 35 percent Prescription drugs 29 percent Unfortunately, most of these services have little in the way of alternatives. If you need to see a doctor, a friend who spent one semester studying pre-med may not cut it. The same goes for facility feels, imaging services, lab work, and to a lesser extent, prescription drugs. (A well-timed Mexican cruise can work wonders on your prescription medication budget.) When it comes to lab work, it is important to note that patients may be surprised with a bill if they do not use a health spending account card, credit card, or debit card to pay for the services. Patients with insurance should also check with their carriers to determine the extent of coverage and any copayments, deductibles, or other considerations. Which one does that leave? Let’s come back to that. Where do Surprise Medical Bills Rank in People’s Worry List? If you’re like most people living in the U.S. in 2020, your list of worries is long indeed, especially as a global pandemic ravages our country and as experts caution a difficult road ahead. In other words, now is the worst possible time to add items onto your worry list. However, according to a study from February of this year, that’s exactly what is happening, as a large majority of Americans are worried about being able to afford surprise medical bills for them and their family.[2] (It should be noted that this study was conducted before the recent COVID-19 pandemic erupted in the U.S.) When asked about their level of concern for basic necessities like food, transportation, and rent/mortgage, none of these could compare to the level of worry most had regarding their unexpected medical bills, health insurance deductibles, health insurance premiums, and prescription drug costs. Of the respondents who said they were very worried or somewhat worried, the breakdown was revealing: Unexpected medical bills 67 percent Health insurance deductibles 53 percent Prescription drug costs 45 percent Health insurance premiums 42 percent By comparison, only 37 percent of respondents said they were very worried or somewhat worried about being able to afford food, the most necessary of all necessity items. The study also revealed that eight in 10 Americans (78 percent) support the passage of federal legislation to protect patients from surprise medical bills. And if you think that your medical insurance will cover everything, think again. On average, 18 percent of emergency visits result in at least one out-of-network charge. To compound matters even more, on average, 16 percent of in-network inpatient admissions result in at least one out-of-network charge. These rates vary by state, but for those of you living in states like Texas, Arizona, Florida, and California, your percentages of out-of-network charges can double the national averages. If you do the math, this equates to a substantial amount of medical bills that aren’t covered AT ALL by your medical insurance. The Number One Surprise Medical Bill According to one recent study, clinical blood testing service companies bills for tests top the list of surprise medical bills received by patients.[3] According to the study, clinical laboratories, anatomic pathologists, radiologists, and anesthesiologists top the list of providers who bill patients for the difference between what they charge for their services and a hospital’s contracted reimbursement rates, otherwise known as balance billing. (For any of you who haven’t heard of balance billing, it’s also routinely called surprise billing. It’s essentially the difference between the total cost of services being charged and the amount the insurance company pays.) As you might imagine, this type of surprise billing causes undue hardships for people who are already shouldering much of the load of their healthcare costs, as insurance companies seem to be covering less and less. And often, it’s a big surprise you only find out about later. In August of 2018, the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago interviewed 1,002 respondents age 18 and over about surprise medical bills.[4] What they discovered will probably NOT surprise you at this point. In their report, NORC notes that of all the people surveyed, 57 percent (567 individuals) said they had received a surprise medical bill that they thought would be covered by their health insurance. Turns out, they were wrong. The report shows that routine medical laboratory-related charges – like blood tests – were near the top of reasons patients received surprise bills, with 51% of individuals saying they have recently received such a surprise lab bill. If you’re wondering why the government doesn’t step in and help, they’re on the case. But the government tends to move at the speed of government, which is to say slower than your typical tortoise. However slow, it bears noting that many states are currently in the process of enacting or discussing legislation to address the issue and offer cost protections for patients. Please note the use of words like – in the process … of discussing. These days the government has its hands full with COVID-19 and little gets accomplished even when there isn’t a pandemic, thanks to a congress more divided than it ever has been. Which means those tortoise-like speeds that are typical of legislation may be optimistic. What You Can do to Protect Yourself Now Against Surprise Medical Bills? While Republicans and Democrats try to hammer home some legislation designed to drive down your out-of-pocket medical expenses, and especially those surprise expenses, it’s important to remember that you’re not entirely helpless. According to a recent Health Affairs study, out-of-network spending mostly declined except for a couple of notable exceptions. One of these exceptions? It seems healthcare spending is on the rise when it comes to laboratory tests.[5] The trend in blood testing service having higher out-of-network healthcare spending is a novel finding and one that may interest most of you. Researchers noted that “For the roughly half of the population with employer-sponsored insurance, recent growth in the share of laboratory and hospitalist spending out of network translates into higher out-of-pocket spending for patients and overall spending for the health care system.” The study’s researchers went on to say, “To our knowledge, this study provides the first national evidence of these divergent trends in laboratory spending out of network.” In 2022, new protections will be implemented that prevent people from getting unexpected medical bills. If you have private insurance, these new rules will prevent the most common types of unexpected bills. If you are not insured, these rules will allow you to get a good estimate of the cost of your care before you visit a doctor. If you dispute the bill, you can also challenge it. The No Surprises Act passed by Congress provides people covered by health insurance plans with a financial cushion against unexpected medical expenses. It prevents individuals from being surprised by the unexpected bill for non-emergency services, such as air ambulance transportation. Still have questions? Visit CMS.gov/nosurprises, or call the Help Desk at 1-800-985-3059 for more information. TTY users can call 1-800-985-3059. Why Exactly is This Important for You? There are some things you can’t do yourself, regardless of how much our love affair with all things DIY has grown in recent decades. If you need surgery, you need surgery, and not by your neighbor who knows about welding. That doesn’t count. If you need to spend the night in a hospital, there isn’t a good substitute for that. Hilton is nice, but they’re lacking when it comes to life-saving know-how and equipment. But there is one area where you can DIY to your heart’s content, and by now, you’ve likely figured it out. Blood Testing Service to the Rescue: Discounted Labs Straight to consumer lab testing has become all the rage in recent years. However, if you’re the type of person who enjoys sitting in a waiting room waiting for your doctor, who is the only professional in the world still double-booking, you may be let down. In short, choosing a consumer lab testing service eliminates the need to donate the one resource that is truly extinguishable for all of us – time! Enter Discounted Labs. Discounted Labs is an industry leader who you can trust. We offer many types of lab tests to choose from, including over 2,100 Quest Lab tests, and have made the entire process as simple for you as possible. Check out our easy process and variety of lab tests for more information, and discover why Discounted Labs is the #1 trusted blood testing service that doesn’t require doctor approval. We have over 1,800 lab locations in the United States, including Quest Lab locations and approved patient service centers, and you can buy affordable lab tests 24/7 from your cell phone or desktop. No doctor visit required and your lab test results from Quest Lab are emailed to you in a few days in full color and graphs with explanations of what the results mean. With direct access to testing from Quest Diagnostics, including in-home sample collection options, you can empower yourself on your health journey and avoid surprise lab test bills, all while having peace of mind with secure and confidential results online. REFERENCES: Advisory Board: Advisory Board offers insights and solutions for healthcare leaders, addressing challenges in delivering personalized care and navigating healthcare innovation1. ‘Surprise’ Medical Bills, Explained in 5 Charts: This article provides an overview of surprise medical bills, which occur when patients receive unexpected bills from out-of-network providers or facilities. The No Surprises Act aims to protect consumers from such bills2. Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker: A study by Karen Pollitz and colleagues examines surprise medical bills and proposals to protect consumers. It highlights how clinical laboratories, pathologists, radiologists, and anesthesiologists often bill patients for the difference between their charges and contracted reimbursement rates3. Dark Daily: Dark Daily reports on balance billing, where providers bill patients for out-of-network charges. Clinical laboratory tests are among the top reasons patients receive surprise bills4. NORC AmeriSpeak Omnibus Survey: In 2018, NORC conducted a survey on surprise medical bills. It found that medical laboratory-related charges were a common reason for such bills, affecting patients across the US healthcare system5.

Essential Guide: How to Read Blood Test Results As patient self-education grows with access to information online, more people are taking charge of their health by buying their own blood tests that they can access online without visiting a doctor. Large blood testing networks located all over the United States make it easy for empowered and educated patients to find a lab location near them where they can have their blood drawn or provide a blood sample, urine sample, or saliva sample. Discounted Labs makes it easy for those consumers to buy and learn how to read blood test results, including the results of conventional blood tests, which can provide valuable insights into human health, including the effects of drugs and environmental contaminants, so that they can have more educated discussions with their physicians. After people buy their own blood tests and receive their results, it is sometimes difficult to make sense of what high or low blood test values mean when compared with the “normal” ranges provided by blood testing companies. Searching on the Internet may only give people a limited explanation of the health consequences of these high or low blood test values. We will attempt to include the most common blood tests, their normal ranges, and the meaning of high or low values, including the lower limits, as well as individual tests or collections of related tests called panels, to help people understand and monitor their ongoing health conditions. It is important to note that when interpreting blood test results, your clinician will likely focus on test trends relative to their normal ranges and not just the numerical results themselves. This means that if you have results for a given test from different labs, your clinician will look at how your results compare to the normal ranges for that specific test, rather than just the numerical values listed on your lab report. Additionally, these normal ranges are based on statistical analyses of tests from a large number of patients, providing a more accurate understanding of what is considered a healthy range for each test. Table of Contents Essential Guide: How to Read Blood Test Results How can one interpret the various values presented in blood test results? Consult Your Health Care Provider to Discuss How to Read Blood Test Results 1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 2. Albumin 3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (adults) 4. Androstenedione (adult) 5. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) 6. Bilirubin, direct 7. Bilirubin, total 8. Calcium 9. Carbon dioxide, C02 total 10. Chloride 11. Cholesterol 12. Creatinine 13. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Sulfate (Adult) 14. Estradiol (Ultra-Sensitive) 15. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 16. Globulin 17. Glucose, fasting 18. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) 19. Growth Hormone, GH (resting) 20. Hemoglobin A1C 21. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL 22. Insulin 23. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 24. Lipoprotein (a) Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol 25. Iron 26. Luteinizing hormone (LH) 27. Magnesium 28. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) 29. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 28. Phosphorus, inorganic (adult) 29. Potassium 30. Progesterone 31. Prolactin 32. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 33. Protein, total 34. Sodium 35. Somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I , IGF-1) 36. Testosterone, total 37. Testosterone, Free 38. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 39. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) 40. Thyroid Antibodies Sources: How can one interpret the various values presented in blood test results? Interpreting blood test results involves understanding values like cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and white blood cell count. Comparing these to standard ranges helps assess overall health. Consult a healthcare provider for detailed explanations and guidance on how to read blood test results accurately. Consult Your Health Care Provider to Discuss How to Read Blood Test Results Consult your health care provider to get explanations about your blood test results and how he or she uses them to diagnose and treat your condition. The information below is not meant to provide medical advice or guide any treatment decisions, and it is only intended as an educational tool to enable you to have an educated discussion with a health practitioner. In order to accurately interpret your blood test results and determine the cause of fatigue, your healthcare provider will consider numerous factors and disorders, such as anemia, an underactive thyroid, or diabetes, which occurs when there are excessive glucose molecules in the bloodstream, that can contribute to prolonged or chronic fatigue. One important factor that your healthcare provider will look at is the history of glucose levels in your bloodstream, which can be determined through a hemoglobin A1c test. This test measures the percentage of HbA1c present relative to the total amount of hemoglobin, providing a history of glucose levels in the bloodstream over a period of about three months prior to the test. We will review 40 of the most common lab tests that people buy through direct-to-consumer lab testing companies like DiscountedLabs.com. 1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) Your liver produces the enzyme alanine aminotransferase. It's important to test this substance to determine whether your liver is infected or not. This test is sold as part of a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP test. Normal AST range: 10-55 U/liter for males 10-55 U/liter for females High ALT, SGPT The liver cells might be seriously damaged, to the point of necrosis It might be a sign of extensive trauma to the liver, left heart failure, cirrhosis, or jaundice It might also be a sign of muscular dystrophy, fatty liver, myocardial infarction, and liver tumors As a result of the breakdown of muscle fibers during exercise, ALT can rise in people who perform regular resistance exercises with weights and machines. Low ALT, SGPT Low values of ALT indicate pyridoxal phosphate deficiency, that can result in various health complications, including epilepsy 2. Albumin Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the human body. It helps to carry nutrients to various tissues and it prevents blood vessels from leaking fluids. Normal albumin range 1–4.3 g/dl for men and women When Albumin blood test is high It might signify severe dehydration. It's not possible to increase albumin levels naturally. The only way albumin concentration might get higher is if plasma water decreases significantly When Albumin blood test is low This is a sign of acute or chronic inflammation Albumin levels might drop if the liver has problems synthesizing this protein properly, so it might indicate liver damage The transportation of bile acids and metal ions might be affected if the albumin levels get too low 3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (adults) Alkaline phosphatase is also known as ALP, and it's found in different tissues in the body. This enzyme is mostly present in the bones and liver. It plays a vital role in bone formation and mineralization. Normal Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 45-115 U/liter for males 30-100 U/liter for females When ALP blood test is high It might be a sign of biliary obstruction or liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis sign of bone disorder or even renal problems In some cases, it might indicate thyroid issues When ALP blood test is low It might signify nutritional deficiencies such as a lack of vitamin D, B12, magnesium or zinc It might be caused by severe anemia 4. Androstenedione (adult) Normal Androstenedione ranges 50-250 ng/dl for men and women This is a precursor to major sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. Testing for this hormone is necessary in conjunction with other hormonal tests to determine the levels of testosterone or estrogen in the body. The gonads and adrenal glands are responsible for producing androstenedione. When Androstenedione blood test is high Elevated levels might indicate a gonadal tumor, especially when the levels exceed 500 ng/dl When Androstenedione blood test is low This might signify a dysfunction of the adrenal glands, such as adrenal insufficiency It might signify ovarian or testicular failure if the levels are too low 5. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme found in most tissues in the human body, particularly in the liver and the heart. It has multiple functions in the human body and abnormal levels usually indicate a liver problem. Normal AST or SGOT ranges 10–40 U/liter for men 9–25 U/liter for women When AST or SGOT blood test is high This could be a sign of liver cell necrosis or obstructive jaundice It might also signify hepatitis or a liver problem caused by drugs and medications Since this enzyme is found in the muscles, it might be a sign of skeletal muscle, inflammatory disease or even heart failure Exercise that involves resistance may also raise AST or SGOT. Normally, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase should be low. Problems appear when these levels get very high due to organ failure or inflammation. 6. Bilirubin, direct Bilirubin is a yellow substance involved in the process of cleaning organic waste from the body, such as dead red blood cells, etc. It is excreted in the bile and urine, and it consists of direct and total bilirubin, as well as blood urea nitrogen and waste products. When doing a blood test, your results might indicate the levels of direct and total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and waste products, as all of these are important to diagnose certain diseases. Normal direct bilirubin range 0-0.4 mg/dl for men and women When bilirubin blood test is high It might signify biliary tree obstruction, cholestasis, and damage to the hepatic cells The patient might have Dubin-Johnson syndrome, which is characterized by an increase of direct bilirubin in the liver The patient may be taking a liver-toxic medication or herb The patient may have hepatitis A, B, or C When bilirubin blood test is low Low levels of direct bilirubin are usually not a cause of concern. Barbiturates or caffeine consumption may temporarily lower these levels. 7. Bilirubin, total This is the total amount of bilirubin enzymes in your body, including direct and indirect ones. Low levels of total bilirubin are not a problem in most cases. You should see a doctor when these levels are elevated, as they can signify different types of damage to your organs. Normal total bilirubin range 0-1.0 mg/dl for men and women When total bilirubin blood test is high It might be a sign of neonatal physiological jaundice Toxins or inflammation may cause the hepatic cells to suffer damage, which would result in high levels. It might be a sign of biliary tree obstruction See item 4 for more 8. Calcium Calcium is one of the most important minerals in the body. It's directly involved in the mineralization and growth of bones and it ensures that teeth remain in good condition. Normal calcium range 5–10.5 mg/dl for men and women When calcium blood test is high This might be a sign of hyperparathyroidism, bone disorders, malignant disease such as metastatic carcinoma of breast and kidney, etc Your blood might contain too much vitamin D, which leads to intoxication Acromegaly or dehydration When calcium blood test is low It might be a sign of hypoparathyroidism or chronic kidney failure It might be due to a magnesium or vitamin D deficiency. The patient might have acute pancreatitis, anemia or problems with the pituitary gland 9. Carbon dioxide, C02 total Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the food metabolization process. This gas is released into the bloodstream when cells are broken down in simpler substances. The blood full of carbon dioxide returns to the lungs, where it is eliminated through respiration. Normal carbon dioxide CO2 range 24–30 mmol/liter for men and women When carbon dioxide CO2 blood test is high It might be a sign of respiratory acidosis resulted from poor gas exchange in the body Additionally, metabolic acidosis may be the cause, especially if there are numerous episodes of vomiting. When it's too low It might signify tubular acidosis of the kidneys It might be a sign of loss of alkaline fluids through the intestines or compensated respiratory alkalosis 10. Chloride Chloride forms when the element chlorine gains an electron. This is an important electrolyte that helps to maintain cell homeostasis or balance. Normal chloride blood test range 100–108 mmol/liter for men and women When chloride blood test is high High chloride may be caused by metabolic acidosis, especially when it's accompanied by loss of fluids caused by diarrhea Additionally, severe dehydration or a kidney issue like renal tubular acidosis or acute renal failure can be the cause. Hyperparathyroidism can also cause chloride levels to increase When chloride blood test is low Too much vomiting or prolonged diarrhea episodes could be the cause. Gastric issues like gastric suction or gastric secretion can also be the cause of low levels. Excessive sweating or respiratory acidosis can also make the chloride levels drop significantly 11. Cholesterol Cholesterol is one of the most common substances tested by physicians all over the world. This substance lines up the interior of your blood vessels and arteries. It's necessary for making new cells and hormones, but too much of it can be a problem. The liver produces cholesterol, but you can also get it from food. Liver function studies are an important part of a chemistry panel, as they can indicate how well your liver is working and if there are any potential problems with body function. Additionally, within the blood are numerous molecules formed as byproducts of normal biochemical functions that can be measured through a blood test, serving numerous roles in maintaining your overall health. Normal cholesterol ranges The ideal level is less than 200 mg/dl The upper limit is 200–239 mg/dl High is anything above 239 mg/dl When cholesterol blood test is high, It might be a symptom of pancreatic dysfunction, but it can also be due to gout, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, or extrahepatic cholestasis. can result from acute intermittent porphyria as well as alcoholism or anorexia nervosa. Might facilitate the development of atherosclerosis, that can lead to various cardiovascular diseases When cholesterol blood test is low This might signify lipoprotein deficiency or the necrosis of liver cells Malnutrition and inadequate nutrient absorption are additional causes of it. It might be associated with mental retardation, rheumatoid arthritis or obstructive lung disease 12. Creatinine The muscles produce creatinine, which is a byproduct of creatine, particularly following a strenuous workout. The kidneys eliminate it from the body through urine. This test is part of the CMP panel. Normal creatinine range 6-1.5 mg/dl for men and women When creatinine blood test is high Too much creatinine in the body might be a sign of renal failure or kidney dysfunction Hyperthyroidism can also be a cause of too much creatinine building up in the body, as well as acromegaly Eating too many meals containing meat can increase the level of creatine in the body Certain supplements, like creatine, can increase creatinine blood levels When creatinine blood test is low This might be a symptom of excessive muscle loss, most likely due to muscular dystrophy. It can also be a sign of liver problems or a lack of protein in your diet 13. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Sulfate (Adult) DHEA sulfate is a steroid produced by the adrenal cortex in both males and females. It influences the activity of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. Normal DHEA ranges 10-619 µg/dl for men 12–535 µg/dl for premenopausal women 30-260 µg/dl for postmenopausal women When DHEA blood test is high It might cause anxiety and depression in women during menopause When DHEA blood test is low It might be a sign of psoriasis or hyperlipidemia in men and women 14. Estradiol (Ultra-Sensitive) Estradiol is one of the most common female sex hormones. It's responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle in women and plays an important role in the libido of a man as well. It is responsible for maintaining healthy bone density in men and women. This hormone also starts the development of secondary female sexual characteristics such as breasts, hip enlargement, etc. More information about: the role of estradiol in men Normal estradiol ranges Less than 50 pg/mL in men (however, men with high testosterone may have higher estradiol since 0.4% of T aromatizes to estradiol.) Less than 59 pg/mL in postmenopausal women 50–145 pg/mL in women during the Menstruating Follicular Phase 112-443 pg/mL during the midcycle peak 50–241 pg/mL during the luteal phase When estradiol blood test is high Gynecomastia might appear in men with too much estradiol and low testosterone. This means the development of breast tissue in males For young girls, it might be a sign of early puberty Different types of tumors in the testicles or ovaries could be the cause. Hyperthyroidism for both men and women High testosterone doses may increase estradiol in men. When estradiol blood test is low It might signify the onset of menopause in women It might signify hypopituitarism or hypogonadism in men Usually associated with the Turner syndrome, which happens when the woman has just one X chromosome instead of two Can be caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome, a condition that might lead to infertility in women The overuse of aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole can result in low estradiol. 15. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing FSH. It's responsible for pubertal maturation, and it works together with the luteinizing hormone to ensure the optimal functioning of the reproductive system. Normal FSH ranges 0–12.0 U/liter for men 0–20.0 U/liter for women during the menstruating follicular phase 0–26.0 U/liter for women during the ovulatory phase 0–12.0 U/liter during the luteal phase 0-153.0 U/liter for postmenopausal women When FSH blood test is high In women, FSH might be a sign of menopause or having the polycystic ovarian syndrome It might also signify a chromosomal abnormality such as Klinefelter's syndrome in men or Turner syndrome in women High levels of FSH in men could also be a sign of damaged testicles from alcohol abuse. In children, excessive FSH might be a sign of starting puberty When FSH blood test is low It might be a sign that a tumor or trauma has harmed the pituitary gland and other crucial hormone control centers in the brain. The woman might not produce eggs and the man might not be able to produce sperm The patient lives a very stressful life, as stress can drastically alter FSH levels Men or women on hormone replacement therapy may have low FSH due to the shutdown of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPGA) axis. 16. Globulin Globulins are a category of proteins produced by the human body. The immune system makes some of them, while the liver produces others to combat various bacteria and viruses. Normal globulin range 6–4.1 g/dl for men and women When globulin blood test is high It might be a sign of cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, or hepatitis When globulin blood test is low This might indicate lymphoproliferative disorder or the onset of various autoimmune diseases 17. Glucose, fasting Glucose is basically the amount of sugar you have in your blood. The entire human body uses glucose as a fuel source, but too much of it can be a problem (diabetes). This test is part of the CMP panel. Normal fasting glucose range 70–110 mg/dl for men and women When glucose blood test is high This might be a sign of diabetes, increased insulin resistance, increased epinephrine, pancreatic disorders or endocrine problems Very high values are commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction, kidney disease or chronic liver disease When glucose blood test is low Although uncommon, a tumor that stimulates the pancreas to produce excessive amounts of insulin may be the cause of low glucose levels. It might also be a sign of serious liver disease or renal disorder 18. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) GGT can be found in many tissues in the body, particularly in the liver. This is an enzyme that helps doctors diagnose liver diseases with better accuracy. Normal GGT ranges 1-94 U/liter for males 1-70 U/liter for females When GGT blood test is high High levels are associated with liver diseases such as alcohol-induced liver disorders, inflammation or even cirrhosis Very high levels of GGT might signify post-hepatic obstruction or obstructive liver disease When GGT blood test is low This can be a sign of hypothyroidism or hepatoma It might also indicate prostate or pancreatic cancer 19. Growth Hormone, GH (resting) The growth hormone stimulates cell production and regeneration in the human body. It is produced in a pulsatile fashion and most of it is secreted during periods of deep sleep. Normal growth hormone range 2–5 ng/mL for men and women When GH blood test is high Too much growth hormone can cause gigantism in children or acromegaly in middle-aged adults. Both these conditions are characterized by excessive growth of the bones in the hands and feet. Growth hormone therapy or a pituitary tumor that produces GH can be the cause of it. When GH blood test is low Growth hormone deficiency might be present at birth and caused by a poorly developed pituitary gland Later on in life, too little growth hormone might signify a tumor or serious disorder with the pituitary that prevents it from secreting growth hormone normally 20. Hemoglobin A1C Hemoglobin A1c is also known as glycated hemoglobin, and it measures your average blood sugar levels from the last 2 to 3 months. Although it's not an efficient indicator of diabetes, hemoglobin a1c can be used to monitor its evolution over time. Normal A1C range A normal A1C level is below 5.7%, a level of 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and a level of 6.5% or more indicates diabetes. Within the 5.7% to 6.4% prediabetes range, the higher your A1C, the greater your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. When A1c blood test is high Increased levels of this substance are associated with hyperglycemia in adults Having low levels of hemoglobin a1c is usually not a cause of concern. This can happen if the patient consumes little to no sugar over an extended period of time or fasts for more than 12 to 24 hours. 21. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL HDL cholesterol is also known as "good cholesterol". It is usually calculated and interpreted in combination with either total cholesterol values or LDL cholesterol. Studies indicate that for every 5% decrease in HDL, the risk of coronary artery disease increases by 25%. The HDL test is part of the lipid panel. Normal HDL ranges Over 40 mg/dl for men Over 50 mg/dl for women When HDL blood test is high Although too much HDL is a rare occurrence and shouldn't be a problem, it can increase the risk of serious heart disease in people who already had a heart attack When HDL blood test is low Especially if the triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels are high, low HDL cholesterol can significantly increase the risk of heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, etc. The use of higher-dose testosterone or anabolic steroids can decrease HDL. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are known to contribute to low HDL. Read about how to increase HDL. 22. Insulin The pancreas produces insulin, which aids in controlling blood sugar levels. This substance acts as a "key" that opens up the cells in your body, allowing them to absorb glucose and use it for energy production. Normal fasting insulin  range 2-20 U/ml for men and women When insulin blood test is high, A pancreatic tumor that increases secretion can be the cause of too much insulin. It might also be a sign of insulin resistance syndromes or endogenous hyperinsulinemia When insulin blood test is low, This can be a sign that diabetes type 1 was treated improperly 23. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) LDH is an enzyme found in all living cells and organisms. It can be used as a marker for tissue breakdown. Normal LDH range 110–210 U/liter in men and women When LDH blood test is high It might be a sign of myocardial or pulmonary infarction as well as cellular injury High LDH levels are also associated with nonviral hepatitis, lymphoma, sickle cell disease or hemolytic anemias Very high levels usually signify a host of conditions, such as megaloblastic anemia, hyperthermia, hypoxia, extreme shock or renal diseases Low levels of LDH are rare and usually not a cause of concern. 24. Lipoprotein (a) Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lipoprotein (a) has been called a powerful predictor of premature atherosclerotic vascular disease. Extra Lp(a) levels are linked to a higher risk of cardiac death in people with acute coronary syndromes and who have restenosis after angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary bypass procedures. This is because they are an independent risk factor for early coronary artery disease. In general, concentrations greater than or equal to 75 nmol/L of Lp(a) in serum are associated with a two- to sixfold increase in risk, depending on the presence of other risk factors. Lp(a) test is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction (in white populations) equal to high LDL cholesterol. Serum concentrations are genetically determined. Fifteen percent to 20% of the white population have Lp(a) levels ≥75 nmol/L and are presumed to be at risk. Race-dependent differences in Lp (a) concentrations are known. The significance of high Lp (a) in nonwhite populations must be evaluated with caution. The Lp(a) levels in different ethnic populations can vary widely. Africans, or people of African descent, generally have Lp(a) levels higher than Caucasians and Asians, while Native Americans generally have levels lower than Caucasians. This variability of Lp(a) levels by ethnic population requires careful interpretation of results based on knowledge of the patient and other cardiac risk factors that may be present. Normal Lipoprotein a ranges Risk: nmol/L Optimal | <75 Moderate: 75-125 High: >125 When lipoprotein a is high It might be a sign of premature coronary heart disease as well as hyperlipoproteinemia  It might lead to hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa, hepatic obstruction or Cushing’s syndrome When lipoprotein a blood test is low Very low levels of LDL cholesterol occur rarely, but they might signify cancer or hemorrhagic stroke. Very high statin doses can also be the cause of it. 25. Iron Iron is an important element in the human body. It helps with the production of red blood cells and prevents the onset of anemia, a condition characterized by permanent fatigue and lack of energy. Iron also helps transport oxygen to the various cells and tissues in the body. Normal iron range 45–180 ug/dL for men and women When iron blood test is high This might indicate conditions such as hemolytic anemias, poisoning with lead, acute leukemia, hepatitis or a deficiency of vitamin B6 Too much iron can also be associated with hemochromatosis and nephritis Taking higher doses of iron supplements can also cause high iron When iron blood test is low This can signify severe anemia, acute or chronic infection in the body, carcinoma or hypothyroidism Low amounts of iron in the blood are also associated with nephrosis, shortness of breath, paleness, and heart palpitations Other causes of low iron are frequent blood donations or internal bleeding. 26. Luteinizing hormone (LH) The luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a vital role in the reproductive organs for both men and women. It affects the menstruation cycle of a woman and for men, the luteinizing hormone binds to the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. Normal LH ranges 0-12.0 in men 0–15.0 for the follicular phase of a menstruating female 22–105 for the ovulatory phase 6-19 for the luteal phase 16-64 for postmenopausal women When LH blood test is high In men, too much LH in the bloodstream might be a sign of testicular dysfunction or an LH-producing adenoma. In women, this can indicate ovarian failure or ovarian dysfunction. When LH blood test is low Very low levels of LH might indicate dysfunction of the pituitary gland in both men and women Hormone replacement therapy is another factor that can contribute to low LH in both men and women. 27. Magnesium Magnesium is an important element in the human body. It helps to process glucose in the bloodstream, it supports the immune system, it keeps neurological system function well, it keeps bones strong, and it also ensures a steady heartbeat. Normal magnesium range 4–2.0 meq/liter for men and women When magnesium blood test is high This can be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as well as renal insufficiency or dehydration Too much magnesium can also be associated with Addison's disease, hypothyroidism or autoimmune diseases such as lupus When magnesium blood test is low A magnesium deficiency can be characterized by muscle cramps, excessive fatigue, and osteoporosis, among other conditions. Conditions and medications that increase the risk of magnesium deficiency include gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, advanced age, type 2 diabetes, use of loop diuretics (such as Lasix), treatment with certain chemotherapies, and alcohol dependence. 28. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH Concentration (MCHC): the amount or concentration, respectively, of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is a calculation of the amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside your red blood cells (RBCs). A high MCHC indicates an increased level of hemoglobin in your RBCs, which can be further evaluated through a red blood cell count. These results are typically included in a complete blood count panel, which is crucial for monitoring overall health and detecting potential medical conditions. Normal MCH range 27.5 and 33.2 picograms (pg) per cell When MCH blood test is high A high MCH indicates an increased level of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein, in your RBCs. Increases can be associated with anemia. Often, increased MCH occurs in conjunction with a high mean corpuscular volume—or large red blood cells-which suggest macrocytic anemia. High MCH can also be linked to low blood levels of B-12 or folate, indicating a potential health condition. When MCH blood test is low A low MCH indicates that you have a decreased level of oxygen-carrying protein in your red blood cells, also known as anemia. This can result from either lower than normal levels of red blood cells or a decrease in the quantity or quality of hemoglobin, the protein that allows these cells to transport oxygen. Decreases can be associated with certain types of anemia, including chronic fatigue syndrome. Often, decreases occur in conjunction with low mean corpuscular volume—or small RBCs—which suggest microcytic anemia. Hypochromic anemia, resulting from hemoglobin deficiency, can be a possibility as well. Understanding your MCH levels is crucial to interpreting your blood test results and identifying any potential issues with your normal levels of red blood cells. Different ways of studying blood and interpreting results can also affect the reference range, making it important to consult with a healthcare professional for accurate analysis. 29. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is the average size, or volume, of individual red blood cells. Normal MCV range 80–100 femtoliters When MCV blood test is high A high MCV indicates large, or macrocytic, RBCs. A high MCV is associated with specific varieties of anemia and can indicate a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid. It can also be elevated in patients with sleep apnea. When MCV blood test is low A low MCV indicates small, or microcytic, red blood cells. A low MCV is associated with anemia and can indicate an iron deficiency, chronic illness, hereditary disease, or thalassemia. 28. Phosphorus, inorganic (adult) Phosphorus is the second-most common mineral in the body. It makes up for about 1% of a person's weight and its main role is to help in the formation of bones and teeth. The highest levels of phosphorus in the bloodstream usually occur in the morning and they gradually drop to lower levels in the evening. Normal phosphorus range 6-4.5 mg/dl for men and women When phosphorus blood test is high This can be a sign of intoxication with vitamin D, bone tumors or even leukemia Too much phosphorus might also be a sign that some bones are healing inside the body, as well as hypoparathyroidism or renal failure In some cases, it can be associated with respiratory acidosis or pulmonary embolism When phosphorus blood test is low You might experience severe fatigue, muscle weakness, and lack of energy It might contribute to the development of joint pain or bone disorders 29. Potassium Potassium is one of the most important electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes help to transport electrical impulses to and from organs and tissues. Potassium is not produced in the body, so it must be taken from various foods such as bananas, nuts, beans, whole grains, and lean meats. Normal potassium range 4–4.8 mmol/liter for men and women When potassium blood test is high This is also known as hyperkalemia and it's usually associated with a poor excretion of potassium through the kidneys It can also be a sign of anorexia nervosa, dehydration, tissue damage or hemolysis The most common cause of high potassium is kidney disease. Some blood pressure medications can increase serum potassium Uncontrolled diabetes Injuries that cause severe bleeding Some rare diseases can cause high potassium levels. When potassium blood test is low This might be a sign of an adrenal disorder such as Cushing syndrome Low potassium (hypokalemia) has many causes. The most common cause is excessive potassium loss in urine due to prescription medications that increase urination. Also known as water pills or diuretics, these types of medications are often prescribed for people who have high blood pressure or heart disease. 30. Progesterone Progesterone is produced in the ovary and it plays a vital role in maintaining a pregnancy. It also plays an important role in brain function in men and women and it can be used as a medication to treat different hormonal disorders. It's important to note that the levels of progesterone in a woman's body vary throughout the month, depending on her ovulation phase. The progesterone levels skyrocket if the woman is pregnant. Normal progesterone ranges Less than 1 ng/mL for men More than 1 ng/mL for a female during the follicular phase 3-20 ng/mL during the mid-luteal phase When progesterone blood test is high If the woman is not pregnant, this can be a sign of an ovarian problem, such as an ovarian cyst or ovarian cancer. If the woman is pregnant, high levels are normal Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can also be the cause of high progesterone. When progesterone blood test is low Low progesterone levels in women are usually associated with infertility problems and might lead to poor ovarian function testosterone or the use of anabolic steroids may be the cause of low progesterone levels in men. It can be linked to sleep issues and anxiety. 31. Prolactin The pituitary gland is responsible for producing the hormone prolactin. It influences the lactation process, but it also plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system. In some cases, it can also influence the behavior of the individual. Normal prolactin ranges 0–15 ng/mL for men 0–20 ng/mL for premenopausal women 0–15 ng/mL for postmenopausal women When prolactin blood test is high, In men, too much prolactin might lead to impotence, galactorrhea, low libido, and even infertility. Pituitary adenomas (tumors) can be the cause of it. High prolactin levels can decrease testosterone production and cause erectile dysfunction. It can also cause nipple discharge in some men. Caution: Blocking prolactin may cause heart issues. In women, too much prolactin might interfere with the ovulation process and reduce the secretion of estrogen and progesterone When prolactin blood test is low Although very rare, this might reduce the production of milk in women who just gave birth. It might also be a sign of a poorly functioning pituitary gland Higher doses of cabergoline or other prolactin antagonists can cause low prolactin levels in men. 32. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Both healthy and unhealthy prostate tissue produce the prostate-specific antigen, a type of protein. It acts as a marker for detecting prostate cancer as well as monitoring the recurrence of prostate-related diseases like prostatitis. It is suggested that you follow these recommendations to prepare for a PSA test. Normal PSA range 0-2.0 ng/ml for men under 40 years of age 0-4.0 ng/ml for 40-year-old men or older When PSA blood test is high It might be a sign of prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia, so high PSA may not be prostate cancer. Strong exercise or surgery may also be the cause of a high PSA level. In some cases, high PSA levels are associated with prostate cancer When PSA blood test is low It might indicate prostate tumors, but usually more tests are required to confirm the diagnosis 33. Protein, total Protein is one of the most important nutrients in the human body, as it directly impacts cell regeneration and repair. Different types of proteins can be used as fuel and they help with the development of muscle tissue and new human cells. Normal protein range 0-8.0 g/dl for men and women When protein blood test is high Too much protein in the bloodstream might be associated with anabolic steroid use High serum protein can also be a sign of insulin progesterone, epinephrine or corticosteroids preparations When protein blood test is low This can signify malnutrition, malabsorption syndrome or a chronic liver disease 34. Sodium Sodium is another important electrolyte in the body. It helps to keep the cell fluid balance at normal levels and it performs other important body functions. Normal sodium range 135–145 mmol/liter for men and women When sodium blood test is high This can be a sign of Cushing's syndrome Too much sodium might also be a sign of increased renal sodium retention in hyperaldosteronism When sodium blood test is low Also known as hyponatremia, too little sodium in the blood might signify diuretic abuse, salt-losing nephropathy or excessive sweating Low sodium might also be caused by excessive vomiting or diarrhea 35. Somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I , IGF-1) IGF-1 plays a vital role during childhood and it can have anabolic effects in adults. This hormone acts like insulin as it helps control the blood sugar level. It's produced by the liver and it can be influenced by growth hormone. It increases with hunger as Ghrelin is produced by the stomach. Normal IGF-1 ranges 182–780 ng/mL for people between 16 and 24 years 114–492 ng/mL for people between 25 and 39 years 90-360 ng/mL for people between 40 and 54 years 71-290 ng/mL for people older than 54 years When it's too high This might be a sign of acromegaly, especially if the growth hormone levels are also high. A pituitary tumor might be the cause of this. High growth hormone therapy doses may be the cause of high IGF-1. Hypothyroidism, liver disease, or uncontrolled diabetes are possible causes of low IGF-1. It can slow down height in children. 36. Testosterone, total Testosterone is the most important male sex hormone. It starts the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in pubertal boys and it helps to produce sperm in adult men. It is linked to libido, lean body mass, and motivation in men and women. You can find a cheap testosterone test on discountedlabs.com Normal testosterone ranges (depending on laboratory) 270–1070 ng/dl for men 6-86 ng/dl for women When testosterone blood test is high, This can be a sign of high testosterone doses. High testosterone doses or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women can be the cause of it. When testosterone blood test is low, It can lead to hypogonadism and low sex drive in men It may result from illness, head trauma, the use of opiates or anabolic steroids, exposure to environmental toxins, high prolactin from pituitary adenomas, testicular dysfunction, malnutrition, specific medications, or low LH produced by the pituitary gland. Low testosterone in women can result from a variety of causes, including illness, ovarian or adrenal dysfunction, the use of opiates or anabolic steroids, excessive exercise, and other factors. 37. Testosterone, Free Free or unbound testosterone makes up for about 1% to 2% of the total testosterone people have in their bodies. This type of testosterone is not bound to proteins such as albumin or sex hormone-binding globulin. It is responsible for most of the functions attributed to testosterone (libido, mood, etc.) Normal free testosterone ranges 0–40.0 pg/mL for males between 20 and 40 years 0–35.0 pg/mL for males between 41 and 60 years 0–28.0 pg/mL for males between 61 and 80 years 6–3.1 pg/mL for females between 20 and 40 years 4–2.5 pg/mL for females between 41 and 60 years 2–2.0 pg/mL for females between 61 and 80 years When free testosterone blood test is low, It's usually associated with hypogonadal symptoms in men and women. Low free testosterone is usually caused by low total testosterone or by high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). When free testosterone blood test is high High free testosterone is usually caused by high total testosterone (high TRT doses), anabolic steroid use, or low SHBG. 38. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) The pituitary gland is responsible for producing TSH. It directly stimulates the thyroid and makes it secrete different types of thyroid hormones that are involved in energy production and other metabolic processes. Normal TSH range 5–5.0 U/ml for men and women (some physicians treat based on a range of 0.5–2.5) When TSH blood test is high High TSH levels can mean your thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormones, a condition called hypothyroidism, especially when it's associated with fatigue, depression, and constipation Iodine supplementation can also result in high TSH. When TSH blood test is low It might be a sign of an overly active thyroid or hyperthyroidism. Muscle weakness, nervousness, and irregular heartbeats can accompany it. Thyroid hormone replacement can result in low TSH. 39. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Hormonal production of the thyroid gland is composed of thyroxine or T4 (80%), and triiodothyronine, or T3 (20%). In the circulation, whole T4 originates from thyroid secretion but most of T3 (80%) is produced outside the thyroid from T4 deiodination. Different factors may affect the conversion of T4 to T3, and circulating T3 is a less reliable indicator of thyroid hormone production than T4. In the blood, most of T4 and T3 are bound to binding proteins and only 0.02% of T4 and 0.3% of T3 are free. Because of their higher diagnostic performance, free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) measurements have superseded total (free + bound) hormone determination. Free T3 measures the free T3 hormone levels. This test can be really useful for finding out what amount of active thyroid hormones are available for the thyroid receptor sites. Free T3 blood test are high in hyperthyroid conditions and low in hypothyroid conditions. May also be high in thyroid toxicosis. The thyroid function panel also measures the levels of these hormones to assess thyroid-related health, including the levels of these hormones. Free T4 is used to measure the amount of free or active T4 in the blood. High with hyperthyroidism, low with hypothyroidism. The drug Heparin can also cause elevated free T4 levels, as can some acute illness. It’s also high in an overdose of thyroid hormone. Normal total T4 range 5–10.9 g/dl for men and women When T4 blood test is high Too much thyroxine is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism When T4 blood test is low This can be a sign of a poorly functioning thyroid gland or hypothyroidism 40. Thyroid Antibodies When these antibodies are present, it means that your immune system is attacking your own tissue. When your body produces thyroid autoantibodies, it could create a hypo- or hyper-thyroid state. They may also be elevated if there is thyroid cancer. Some antibodies can attach to TSH receptors, but they don’t cause a response in the thyroid. These people will complain of low thyroid symptoms, but the TSH might not change at all. In other cases, the antibodies bind to receptor sites and cause the thyroid to be overactive. Here you will see high T4, low TSH and high antibodies. There are 3 autoantibodies that are tested. The first 2 are the most common: Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO Ab): This antibody is the one that is usually high in autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s. It is also known as microsomal antibody. Thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb): These aren’t seen as often as TPO Ab. They are usually ordered when thyroid lab results seem strange because these antibodies can interfere with thyroid hormone production. TgAb is also used to monitor progress after surgery for removing the thyroid in thyroid cancer. You can buy thyroid tests on discountedlabs.com Sources: Troponin Test Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Lab Tests Thyroid Tests Journal Article on HIV-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Test Perspectives on Diagnostic Strategies for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Research Article on Severe Diarrhea and Malnutrition How to Read Your Laboratory Report Fatigue - Merck Manuals Professional Edition Complete Blood Count (CBC) Diagnosing Anemia    

What is Biotin? Biotin, also known as vitamin B or vitamin H, is a dietary supplement that is often taken for hair, skin, and nail health. It is marketed under various names, including vitamin B7, vitamin H, and coenzyme R. Recent studies have shown the benefit of biotin for medical conditions such as hair and nail problems, diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis. Biotin supplements taken at common over-the-counter doses can interfere with the results of certain hormone assays, giving falsely high or low results that could lead to a misdiagnosis, researchers reported. Biotin deficiency, while unusual in modern times, can still occur and may lead to various health issues. Biotin supplements in very large amounts (10–15 mg) (333 times the daily recommended amount) have become popular because they are thought to help with hair growth, diabetes, lipid disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. They are also thought to help with treatment of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders, lipid disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The Mayo Clinic has also reported on the potential interference of biotin with hormone tests. Biotin At A Glance Many patients are taking megadoses of biotin that can cause falsely high and falsely low results in a variety of laboratory tests, including thyroid tests. Biotin has no impact on hormone tests used with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry. Patients are taking these supplements mainly to improve their hair, skin, and nails and might not consider them medications to report on their list. Most multivitamins do not have enough biotin for concern, however. Biotin interference with lab tests could be causing misdiagnoses — and even mistreatment — in an unknown number of patients. Biotin Affects Blood Tests Performed with Immunoassays High doses of biotin may interfere with lab tests because biotin is a common component of many immunoassays in the form of biotinylated antibodies or analogs. If you are taking a biotin supplement, please stop it at least 4 days before getting your blood drawn. Biotin supplements taken at common over-the-counter doses can interfere with the results of certain hormone assays, giving falsely high or low results that could lead to a misdiagnosis and mimic the typical biochemical picture of Grave's disease. Biotin supplements, at very large doses of 10–15 mg (333-fold greater than the dietary recommendation), have become popular for the presumptive benefits of stimulating hair growth, diabetes, lipid disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Biotin interference is particularly prominent in competitive immunoassays, which are commonly used for low-molecular-weight targets such as T4, T3, and cortisol. Therefore, it is important to stop taking biotin supplements before undergoing any blood tests performed with competitive immunoassays to avoid misleading results. Biotin interference causes inaccurate results, highlighting the importance of avoiding biotin supplements before blood tests, particularly those involving parathyroid hormone levels. What Are the Typical Tests That Higher-Dose Biotin May Affect? Biotin can affect a wide variety of laboratory tests. Examples include tests for: Troponin—a test used to help diagnose heart attacks Thyroid hormone tests, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) tests Other hormones, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), cortfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), Vitamin D levels How Much Does Taking Biotin Actually Affect TSH Results? Based on the search results, taking high doses of biotin (vitamin B7) can significantly interfere with thyroid function tests, including TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), and lead to inaccurate results. The key points regarding biotin's effect on TSH are:When using immunoassays that use the biotin-streptavidin binding mechanism [1, 3, 6, 7, 9], biotin interference often leads to TSH levels that are too low. This is because too much biotin makes it harder for the TSH-antibody complex to bind to the streptavidin-coated solid phase in these "sandwich" immunoassays. The degree of TSH suppression depends on the dose of biotin and the specific assay method used by the laboratory [1, 3, 6, 7]. Higher biotin doses generally cause more suppression of the measured TSH level. One study found that taking 10 mg of biotin daily for 7 days caused TSH levels to be falsely low for up to 8 hours after the last biotin dose when measured on certain assay platforms like Roche Cobas and Beckman UniCel. With a 10 mg biotin dose, TSH remained falsely low for 1-2 days. Another study showed that taking 10,000 mcg (10 mg) of biotin daily caused TSH levels to be falsely low, mimicking hyperthyroidism, even though the patient was clinically euthyroid. Biotin interference can lead to misdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism or mismanagement of thyroid disorders like thyroid cancer if TSH is being used to monitor suppressive levothyroxine therapy [4, 7]. To sum up, high-dose biotin supplements, which are often used to treat hair, skin, and nails, can significantly lower measured TSH levels through assay interference. This could lead to a wrong diagnosis and bad treatment changes if biotin intake is not taken into account. The effect is dose-dependent and can last for 1-2 days after stopping high biotin doses. [1,3,6,7,9,12] Discussion - Our patient, who was taking 10000 mg/day of biotin for multiple sclerosis, showed lab results of falsely elevated free T3 and T4 and falsely low TSH, mimicking symptoms of hyperthyroidism. His thyroid function report returned to normal when he stopped taking biotin for five days, showing no signs of hyperthyroidism. When to Stop Biotin Before Thyroid or OTher Hormone Tests High doses of biotin can interfere with certain thyroid tests and other hormone tests, leading to inaccurate results. It is recommended to stop taking biotin at least 2 days before undergoing any thyroid function tests to ensure the most accurate readings. This precaution is essential as biotin ingestion can skew thyroid hormone levels in blood tests, potentially causing misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has recommended stopping biotin at least 2 days prior to lab testing, specifically thyroid labs, to avoid spurious results, especially for free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Always consult with your healthcare provider for specific guidance on when to discontinue biotin before thyroid testing. The FDA Stance on Biotin The FDA has said these about biotin's potential interference with lab tests: Know that biotin is found in multivitamins, including prenatal multivitamins, biotin supplements, and supplements for hair, skin, and nail growth in levels that may interfere with laboratory tests. However, the amount of biotin can vary significantly among different products. Consider that the daily recommended allowance for biotin is 0.03 mg (300 mcg) and that amount does not typically cause interference in lab tests Biotin Can Interfere with Certain Blood Tests: Physicians Should Warn Patients Clinicians are cautioned to act decisively given the risk of inaccurate or missed diagnosis and in light of the urgency that prompted a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Communication on this very topic. The FDA recommends that clinicians take the following precautions: Talk to your patients about any biotin supplements they may be taking, including supplements marketed for hair, skin, and nail growth Be aware that many lab tests, including but not limited to cardiovascular diagnostic tests and hormone tests, that use biotin technology are potentially affected, and incorrect test results may be generated if there is biotin in the patient’s specimen Communicate to the lab conducting the testing if your patient is taking biotin If a lab test result doesn’t match the clinical presentation of your patient, consider biotin interference as a possible source of error Know that biotin is found in multivitamins, including prenatal multivitamins, biotin supplements, and dietary supplements for hair, skin, and nail growth in levels that may interfere with lab tests Report to the lab test manufacturer and the FDA if you become aware of a patient experiencing an adverse event following potentially incorrect laboratory test results due to biotin interference. Common Questions and Answers: Does biotin interfere with TPO antibodies on a thyroid test? Biotin can interfere with TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase) antibody test results, leading to falsely elevated or decreased levels. If you are taking biotin supplements and are scheduled for a thyroid test, it is recommended to inform your healthcare provider about your biotin use. This will allow them to provide guidance on whether you need to stop taking biotin before the test to ensure accurate results. It's important for healthcare professionals to have all the necessary information to interpret your test results correctly and make appropriate recommendations based on accurate data. How does biotin interact with thyroid medication? Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that is often included in multivitamin supplements and promoted for its potential benefits for hair, skin, and nails. However, recent literature suggests that high doses of biotin can interfere with certain thyroid function tests, leading to inaccurate results. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology advises discussing biotin therapy with your healthcare provider, especially if you are taking thyroid medication, because this interference is more common in people who take biotin supplements at levels much higher than the recommended daily intake. If you are taking thyroid medication and considering adding a biotin supplement to your routine, it is important to discuss this with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on the appropriate dosage of biotin and how it may interact with your thyroid medication. In some cases, they may recommend temporarily stopping the biotin supplement before thyroid function tests to ensure accurate results. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional when making changes to your medication or supplement regimen to avoid any potential interactions or adverse effects. Can biotin affect thyroid function? Biotin can interfere with some thyroid function tests, leading to inaccurate results. If you are undergoing thyroid function testing, it is recommended to inform your healthcare provider if you are taking biotin supplements, as they may advise you to discontinue them temporarily before the test. It's important to follow your healthcare provider's guidance to ensure accurate test results and proper interpretation. Click here for other FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT THE ACCURACY OF YOUR BLOOD TEST RESULTS  References "Thyroid hormone interference caused by biotin: review and case illustration" - PMC "Assessment of Biotin Interference in Thyroid Function Tests" (MD Journal) "The effect of biotin on thyroid function tests: A synthetic overview" (PMC) "Case of a misdiagnosed thyroid disorder due to biotin interference" - Journal of Medical Case Reports "Biotin Interference with Thyroid Function Tests - Safety Alert" (Health Sciences Authority) "Biotin supplementation and its impact on thyroid function testing: Analysis of a community population" (PMC) "Review on the interference of dietary supplements on clinical laboratory tests: Biotin and its effect on thyroid function testing" (International Journal of Thyroidology) "Biotin Supplementation: Implications for Thyroid Testing" - Thyroid.org "January 2016 - Thyroid Month: Beware of Biotin" (Endocrine News) "Understanding Biotin Interference in Thyroid Tests" (Medscape) "Biotin and Thyroid Testing: A Quantitative Review" (Journal of Endocrine Society) "New Insights into Biotin Interference with Thyroid Tests" (Thyroid.org) FDA In Brief: FDA provides draft recommendations to diagnostic manufacturers to help reduce risks of biotin interference with certain lab tests The FDA Warns that Biotin May Interfere with Lab Tests: FDA Safety Communication  

Table of Contents A Brief Introduction to Chloride What Are the Functions of Chloride? Foods Rich in Chloride Drugs That Might Increase Chloride Ways To Reduce Chloride in the Blood Health Problems Caused by Too Much Chloride Chloride and the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Substances Tested by The CMP Blood Test Take the Chloride Test Today!   Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the human body. It pairs up with other electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, and they ensure that your body's pH balance remains stable. This means that your blood doesn't become too acidic or alkaline, as these states could damage organs and tissues. Unfortunately, having too much chloride in the body can also happen to individuals of all ages. This can lead to many health problems, and a reliable way to detect if you have too much chloride is by doing a blood test. Please keep reading to learn more about this substance and its role in the body. A Brief Introduction to Chloride As mentioned earlier, chloride is one of the main electrolytes in the body, and it's present in many foods, including common table salt. The average chloride levels in the body should be between 98 and 107 mEq/L of blood. Having too little chloride in the body is rare, but many people experience hyperchloremia, having high levels of chloride in the bloodstream. The symptoms of having too much chloride are apparent, and if you have some of them, you should act immediately. For example, fatigue and not being in the mood for anything are common symptoms of hyperchloremia. Similarly, you might experience dehydration, loss of muscle coordination, and confusion if you have too much chloride in the body. What Are the Functions of Chloride? Chloride is responsible for multiple essential functions in the human body. For example, it helps transmit nerve signals between the body and brain. This allows you to coordinate your muscles properly and perform various daily tasks. Similarly, chloride also ensures that your heart muscles are contracting correctly when pumping out blood throughout the body. Chloride is also responsible for maintaining healthy blood pressure. Another essential function of chloride consists of the metabolism of substances and nutrients. For example, chloride helps to push nutrients inside your body's cells so that you have energy throughout the day. Chloride also plays a crucial role in digestion as it helps the body release hydrochloric acid, which breaks down the foods you eat. Lastly, chloride is paramount for the proper oxygenation of the body. It helps with the exchange of gasses inside your lungs so that your body receives enough oxygenated blood to function normally. As you can see, chloride is a vital substance, and that's why your priority should be to have normal levels of it in your bloodstream. Foods Rich in Chloride As mentioned earlier, chloride can be found in table salt, and ingesting too much salt is one of the leading causes of hyperchloremia in adults. Other foods also contain chloride, but they are not as addictive as table salt. For example, olives, lettuce, and tomatoes contain high amounts of chloride, and if your levels of this mineral are low, you should eat more of these foods to reestablish electrolyte balance. Similarly, rye is another type of food that contains a lot of chloride and celery. If you have been diagnosed with high chloride, it's recommended that you reduce the intake of these foods to protect your health. Drugs That Might Increase Chloride Certain drugs or medications that you take might increase chloride levels, and it's essential to know this before you do the test. For example, estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, and it can significantly increase chloride levels, so tell your doctor if you take this hormone before testing. Similarly, cortisone which is used to treat pain and inflammation, can also increase chloride levels in people of all ages. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or Advil might also raise chloride levels in your bloodstream. Although you might not need to stop taking some of these drugs before doing a chloride test, it's essential to communicate with your doctor and tell them any medications you might take. This will help produce a better diagnosis when it comes to your real chloride levels. Ways To Reduce Chloride in the Blood You might be happy to find out that there are many ways you can naturally reduce blood chloride levels. First of all, start by drinking more water. A common symptom of having too much chlorine in your system is dehydration, so if you drink more water, you will maintain a healthy electrolyte balance. Also, by drinking more water, you give your kidneys a chance to flush out more chloride naturally. Another great way to reduce chloride levels is by eating less table salt. Many people get into the habit of adding more salt to any food or meal they eat. This might improve the taste a little bit, but you will also get high amounts of salt in your bloodstream, increasing chloride levels. Most foods and ingredients already have a lot of salt added to them by manufacturers, so try to kick the habit of adding more salt to each dish. At the same time, having too little chloride in the body can cause problems. This usually happens to individuals who drink too much caffeine or alcohol. These two substances tend to increase urination, and your body flushes out many electrolytes, including chloride. At the same time, nicotine can also increase chloride excretion, and your levels might drop to unhealthy levels. Lastly, uncontrolled diabetes might also cause an imbalance in your electrolyte level. This happens because your body gets confused about processing glucose and pushing it inside cells for energy. If you regularly have high blood sugar levels, consider taking medications to control your diabetes. This should be done under the supervision of your primary healthcare provider. Health Problems Caused by Too Much Chloride Hyperchloremia can cause a lot of problems in the body, and that's why you should test for this substance regularly. First of all, having too much chloride in your system might be caused by kidneys that don't function properly. If you're diagnosed with renal disease and don't try to reduce chloride levels, these organs will only worsen over time. The complications can lead to complete kidney failure, which can be a life-threatening disease. Secondly, too much chloride in the bloodstream can also lead to heart and muscle problems. Remember that this electrolyte is responsible for proper signal transmission between your brain and body. Suppose you routinely have too much chloride in the bloodstream. In that case, this will only lead to impaired muscle growth, poor muscle coordination, and cardiovascular complications as your heart muscle doesn't contract properly. Chloride and the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel You might be happy to find out that the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel is a complex test that checks multiple electrolytes, minerals, and substances in your body at the same time. This test is inexpensive, and it uses a single blood sample to measure your chloride, calcium, sodium, potassium levels, and other substances related to your kidney and liver. You can order this test online and receive a form to print when you visit a nearby clinic to draw blood. The blood sample is analyzed using state-of-the-art medical equipment that's safe and accurate. You will get the results back in a few days by mail, and you can compare the numbers against reference values. If you have too much chloride in your bloodstream or other electrolytes are unbalanced, you can talk to your doctor to see what treatment options are available for you. Substances Tested by The CMP Blood Test In addition to the main electrolytes found in the body, the CMP also checks the health of your vital organs, such as the kidney and liver. For example, this complete panel measures the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, and other substances your kidneys produce. These vital organs need to eliminate excess creatinine and other substances regularly, so if your levels are high, you might deal with kidney disease. Having elevated levels of these substances might mean that your kidneys are not working properly. Similarly, the CMP blood test also checks various substances and hormones related to your liver, such as transaminase, bilirubin, and others. Having abnormal levels of these substances might signify a liver problem, and you need to know about it. The good news is that this panel looks at your electrolytes, kidney, and liver in one test. You will save money and time as you don't have to order these tests individually. Take the Chloride Test Today! Whether you go for the individual high chloride test or the CMP blood test, you are doing the right thing. These tests provide an accurate snapshot of your mineral and electrolyte levels and based on the results you get, you can take adequate actions to protect and improve your health. Get the CMP panel from Discountedlabs.com today and learn more about your pH balance.   ======================== References: Chloride: foods, functions, how much do you need & more What Is a Chloride Test? Hyperchloremia (High Chloride Levels)