Erectile Dysfunction Lab Tests

The Top Boner Killers What Causes an Erection? The Role of Blood Flow An erection begins when the penile smooth muscle relaxes, enabling blood to fill the corpus cavernosum, two cylindrical “caverns” of spongy tissue running within the penis. Stage two of the erection process occurs with this infilling of the corpus cavernosum. The inflow of blood expands the spongy tissue, which begins to pinch off the emissary veins of the penis, decreasing outflow, and—voila!—the erection begins to build. Continue reading this article to find out what the top erection killers are and how to avoid them. For more details on how erections work, continue reading this article.   Why Can't I Maintain an Erection? Top Erection Killers It is estimated that some degree of erectile dysfunction (ED) affects half of all men over the age of 40 and that 150 million men worldwide suffer from ED. There are many reasons a man might not be able to maintain a healthy erection, many of which play into our daily habits and lifestyle choices. If you are having trouble getting or maintaining an erection, consider testing for ED, as an imbalance of hormones could be the root of the problem. Many things that have the potential to hurt our general and sexual health are culturally acceptable so they simply never cross our minds. Low Testosterone: Testosterone plays a critical role in our sexual health and can be directly linked to libido. Not only do lower levels of testosterone equal lower sex drive, but also it can lead to venous leakage. This condition is characterized by the inability to “pinch off” emissary veins that carry blood away from the penis. This results in blood leaking out of the corpus cavernosum as quickly as it can be filled, making a lasting erection impossible to maintain. If you are having erectile difficulties, a simple testosterone test is a great first step on the road to treatment. Loss of Morning Erections: Morning erections, or the lack thereof, can be a good way to begin troubleshooting if you have psychological erectile dysfunction. The idea is that if you can achieve an erection by any means, nighttime or otherwise, then your issue is probably more mental than physical. Morning erections oxygenate erectile tissue and fight off penile fibrosis, keeping the penis elastic and healthy. High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure often results in hardening arteries, constricting blood vessels, and damage to the thin membrane that lines our hearts and veins. This restricts the amount of blood your body can readily provide to your penis when it is “go time.” Not only can high blood pressure kill an erection, but it can lead to a host of other, much more immediate, medical complications, including heart attack and stroke. Any Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Almost anything hard on the heart and cardiovascular system is going to lead to erectile dysfunction. The reason is simple: erectile dysfunction is strongly related to endothelial dysfunction, where the delicate lining of your arteries becomes damaged and does not output nitric oxide as it should. This is the primary reason that lifestyle is so critical: exercise, weight management, and diet all powerfully affect how your body carries blood and oxygen to your organs. Cholesterol Management: High cholesterol has been linked to erectile dysfunction due to its direct correlation with elevated LDL or “bad cholesterol.” LDL carries cholesterol to the arteries, which, when oxidized, damages artery walls. Contrary to HDL, which aids the body in eliminating excess cholesterol, elevated levels of LDL can significantly impact your heart, cardiovascular system, and ultimately, your erectile health. Bike Seats: Many standard bike seats can damage the pudendal nerve that is connected to the penis. If you have done a lot of bike riding recently and have erectile dysfunction, this is something to consider. The solution can be as simple as changing out your bike seat. Bisphenol-A and Phthalates: Our modern environment is filled with toxins that have been proven to damage the reproductive and sexual functions of animals, and as primates, men are no exception. Bisphenol A and phthalates are chemical compounds used in the production of polycarbonate plastics that litter our world today. These chemicals are filled with endocrine disruptors and xenoestrogens that, over time, can severely impact one’s hormonal and sexual health. Prolactin: Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production in women; it serves no known normal function in men. However, high prolactin can decrease testosterone, lower libido, and cause sexual dysfunction. This is because high prolactin suppresses the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the production of testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Estradiol (E2): Estradiol is the primary form of estrogen during our reproductive years. In men receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), the body can sense increasing levels of testosterone and aromatizes 0.4% of it to estradiol to compensate. Very high and low E2 in relation to testosterone levels can sabotage TRT results, leading to diminished libido. Testing for ED will give you a good idea of what hormones you have an excess or lack of. Excess Weight: Being overweight can lead to a plethora of health complications, including heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and many more. Excess weight has also been proven to lower testosterone, increase estrogen, raise inflammation, and boost insulin levels. Together, these factors can significantly impact your sexual life. Smoking: Not just cigarette smoke, but any sort of burning inhalant is bound to damage your lungs and cardiovascular system. Smoke can also cause arteries to constrict and narrow, allowing less blood flow to the penis. Medications: Many, many medications will kill erections. Some lower testosterone. Some raise prolactin. Some have a sedating effect by raising serotonin levels. Some alter dopamine functions. The bottom line is that if you are on medication and having erectile difficulties, this is one of the first places that you should look. Depression: Depression is an acutely debilitating condition, not just mentally, but physically as well. Depression causes stress to the body, which, in turn, lowers testosterone. Depression also correlates with heart disease, as depressed individuals are less likely to be consistently physically active. Depression also elevates cortisol levels, which destroy neurons in the brain. All of these factors can lead to erectile dysfunction, which can often worsen depression. This bidirectional relationship reinforces the need to take care of one’s mind as well as body. Recreational Drugs: Many men do not realize that even something as relatively benign as marijuana use can affect their sex life. However, it has been proven to lower testosterone and damage the body’s cardiovascular system. Harder drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, or prescription painkillers, can have even more detrimental effects. They greatly increase one’s risk of developing heart disease, cause plaque buildup on artery walls, and severely reduce ejaculatory volume. In short, drugs age the body faster than normal, and that includes the penis. Consider carefully before indulging in your favorite recreational substances, as they can destroy gonad function, lower testosterone levels, and potentially lead to heart failure. Lack of Sleep: Not getting enough sleep at night can significantly lower testosterone levels, leading to erectile dysfunction. Ensure you get quality sleep to maintain sexual health. Watching TV in Bed: Spending too much time watching TV in bed can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which negatively affects erectile function. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining sexual health. Watching Comedy Series: Engaging in light-hearted activities like watching a comedy series can reduce stress and improve overall well-being, which is beneficial for sexual health. Does More Testosterone Equal a Better Sex Life? As we’ve discussed, testosterone plays a critical role in stimulating sex drive and developing and maintaining erections. Low levels of testosterone have been directly linked to health conditions and dulled libido. However, this is not indicative of a simple “more is more” relationship between T and sexual health. Testosterone is a hormone that must be balanced properly, as an influx of it signals your body to increase the production of estradiol and prolactin. Watching too much TV, especially in bed, can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which negatively impacts testosterone levels and erectile function. Make sure to closely monitor your T levels with a. To achieve ideal results, it is important to keep testosterone levels between 500 and 1000 ng/dL while ensuring your levels of estradiol and prolactin do not proportionately increase. It is not uncommon for certain prescription medications to interfere with TRT as well. Many antidepressants, blood pressure medications, and cholesterol-lowering agents have been known to dampen sex drive, even with the use of testosterone replacement. Finally (and most importantly), make sure you are attracted to the person you are intimate with. Lack of attraction to our sexual partners can be the biggest hurdle in achieving a strong erection. All the testosterone and lifestyle changes in the world won’t result in an erection if you simply don’t want to have sex with someone. Porn addiction has also been linked to ED, as it desensitizes us to nudity and intercourse. While there are many physical contributors to ED, there are unquestionably psychological elements as well. So before testing for erectile dysfunction, make sure that you are taking care of your body and mind while properly balancing the hormones your body needs for sexual activity. References   4 Causes of Erectile Dysfunction You Might Not Know 7 Factors That Can Affect Erections The Top Erection Killers Erectile Dysfunction Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction) Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence) Erectile Dysfunction 5 Common Erectile Dysfunction Causes Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms and Causes Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms and Causes Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment Medications Most Commonly Associated With Erectile Dysfunction: Evaluation of the Food and Drug Administration National Pharmacovigilance Database Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications 5 Factors That Cause or Worsen Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Which Drug for Erectile Dysfunction? Drugs Linked to Erectile Dysfunction Erection Problems (Erectile Dysfunction)    

Low T3: Thyroid Hormones and Reverse T3 What is the Thyroid? The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the lower front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. Despite its size, the thyroid has a big job to regulate many bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and development. This gland produces two main hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are necessary for overall health and well-being. By releasing these hormones into the bloodstream, the thyroid helps your body use energy so every cell can function properly. Thyroid Functions The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland about 2 inches long and is located in the front of your neck below your Adam’s apple. The thyroid has a big job in growth and metabolism by releasing the hormones thyroxine, or T4, and triiodothyronine, or T3, which regulate your body’s ability to convert calories and oxygen into energy. The hypothalamus in your brain produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or TRH, which stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH, from your pituitary gland. TSH then travels to your thyroid and tells it to release T4 and T3 into your bloodstream. Under normal conditions, your thyroid produces about 80% T4 and 20% T3 with T3 being 4 times more potent than T4. Keeping T3 and T4 in the normal range is essential for thyroid function and overall health. Every cell in your body has receptors for thyroid hormones that affect your cardiovascular system, bone metabolism, protein synthesis, body temperature regulation, cholesterol production, glucose metabolism, cognitive function, and your gastrointestinal tract. 20 million Americans have some form of thyroid disorder, and women are more affected than men. Thyroid Hormones Thyroid hormones, T3 and T4 are produced by the thyroid gland and are necessary for many bodily functions. T3 is the more active form of thyroid hormone and T4 is converted to T3 in the liver and other tissues. T3 tests are necessary for diagnosing thyroid conditions and understanding T3 levels. These hormones regulate metabolism, heart rate, body temperature and muscle strength. Thyroid hormones are also critical for growth and development especially in children and adolescents for proper physical and cognitive development. What are normal T3 levels? Normal T3 levels are measured in nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) of blood. The normal range for T3 levels varies among labs but generally is 80-180 ng/dL for adults. For children it’s 100-200 ng/dL. Check your lab report for the reference range, as values can vary slightly among labs. Low T3 Levels: Low T3 levels can mean an underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism. This is when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones, including T3. Low T3 levels can also be caused by starvation, certain medications, and severe illness. Symptoms of low T3 levels are fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and cold intolerance. In some cases low T3 levels can be a sign of a more serious condition like thyroid cancer or liver disease. High T3 Levels: High T3 levels can mean an overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism. This is when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, including T3. High T3 levels can also be caused by thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, and certain medications. Symptoms of high T3 levels are weight loss, increased appetite, rapid or irregular heartbeat, fatigue, heat intolerance, and mood changes. In severe cases, high T3 levels can cause a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm. What is Hypothyroidism and Symptoms and T3 Levels? Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, characterized by fatigue, weight gain, constipation, hair loss, dry skin, cold intolerance, irregular menstruation, depression, muscle pain, and cognitive impairment. Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland that doesn’t produce enough hormones for optimal metabolic function. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune disorder where the body produces antibodies that attack and destroy thyroid gland tissue. Other causes of hypothyroidism are iodine deficiency, pituitary tumor, radiation therapy on your face, neck, or chest; pregnancy and childbirth; aging; and underconversion of T4 to T3 due to inflammation, stress, selenium deficiency, and overexposure to fluoride, chlorine, or mercury. Liver disease can also affect thyroid function and T3 levels. If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms of hypothyroidism, you should ask your doctor to order blood tests that include TSH, free T4, free T3, reverse T3, and thyroid antibodies if he or she suspects Hashimoto’s. When interpreted correctly, lab results can help determine the underlying cause of your thyroid dysfunction and the right clinical interventions. What is Reverse T3 and T3 Test? Reverse T3 is often excluded by doctors when ordering lab tests for hypothyroidism because they think reverse T3 is an inactive metabolite with no physiological effect on the body. Not addressing reverse T3 has left many patients suffering from hypothyroidism despite their other lab tests coming back within normal range. A T3 test is important in diagnosing thyroid conditions and understanding T3 levels, as it helps to interpret thyroid health comprehensively. But reverse T3 does play a role in metabolic function when your body is under extreme stress by acting as an emergency brake to conserve energy. Under normal conditions, T4 is converted into the more active T3 that binds to cellular receptors all over your body to exert powerful metabolic effects. Reverse T3 is also produced to clear out excess T4 from your body when not needed. But when reverse T3 levels rise too high, it blocks the uptake of active T3 by binding to cell receptors, and the end result is a slowing down of metabolism. According to the National Academy of Hypothyroidism, in a normal thyroid, about 40% of T4 is converted to T3, and 20% is converted to reverse T3 daily. But if your thyroid is malfunctioning or your body needs to conserve energy and is under significant stress, the conversion ratio can change to 50% of T4 becoming reverse T3. A big change like that can impact thyroid function and hormone availability. If you have normal TSH, T4, and T3 but high reverse T3, you will still experience many symptoms of slow metabolism like weight gain, fatigue, depression, constipation, and chronic pain. To determine how T3 and reverse T3 are functioning at a cellular level, you need to calculate your free T3 to reverse T3 ratio by dividing the two numbers from your lab results. For example, if your free T3 is 325 and your reverse T3 is 26, then you just divide 325 by 26, which is 12.5. A healthy T3 to reverse T3 ratio should be above 20. So 12.5 would mean subclinical hypothyroidism. If a doctor prescribes synthetic thyroid medication like levothyroxine to a patient with subclinical hypothyroidism, it can worsen their condition because the T4 in the medication will continue to cause an increase in reverse T3. Thyroid Function Tests Thyroid function tests are important tools in diagnosing and monitoring thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). These tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood to assess thyroid gland function. The most common thyroid function tests are: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test: This test measures the level of TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Free T3 (FT3) test: This test measures the level of free T3 in the blood. Free T4 (FT4) test: This test measures the level of free T4 in the blood. Thyroid antibody tests: These tests measure the level of antibodies against thyroid cell proteins, which can indicate autoimmune thyroid disorders. Thyroid function testing includes other assessments like radioactive iodine uptake tests to diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. By looking at the results of these tests, healthcare providers can diagnose thyroid conditions and create a treatment plan to get thyroid function back to normal. Non-Blood Tests for Thyroid Function Besides blood tests, there are several non-blood tests that can be used to evaluate thyroid function. These tests are: Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) tests: These tests measure the amount of iodine taken up by the thyroid gland. High uptake means hyperthyroidism, and low uptake means hypothyroidism. Thyroid scans: These tests use a small amount of radioactive iodine to create an image of the thyroid gland. This can help identify any abnormalities in the gland, like nodules or cancer. Ultrasound: This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the thyroid gland. This can help identify any abnormalities in the gland, like nodules or cancer. Thyroid Antibody Tests Thyroid antibody tests are used to diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. These tests measure the level of antibodies against thyroid cell proteins in the blood. The most common thyroid antibody tests are: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies: These antibodies are present in most people with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies: These antibodies are present in some people with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) antibodies: These antibodies are present in people with Graves’ disease. Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) tests: These tests detect both stimulating and blocking antibodies in Graves’ disease. Remember, thyroid antibody tests are not used to diagnose all thyroid conditions, and a diagnosis of a thyroid condition can only be made by a healthcare provider based on clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and medical history. How to decrease reverse T3? There are two steps to decrease high Reverse T3: Remove all the factors that are converting T4 into reverse T3. Flush out the remaining Reverse T3 from your body. Factors that can convert T4 into reverse T3 include chronic illnesses like diabetes, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and Lyme disease; low-calorie diet or eating disorders like anorexia; chronic inflammation like autoimmune diseases; insulin resistance or leptin resistance; extreme exercise like marathons, triathlons, or heavy weightlifting; mental/emotional stress like loss of job, divorce, death of a loved one, or PTSD; gastrointestinal infections or imbalances like intestinal dysbiosis, irritable bowel syndrome, yeast overgrowth, or candida; and certain drugs like beta blockers, antidepressants, and diabetic and antiseizure medications. Radioactive iodine uptake tests can help assess thyroid function and diagnose hyperthyroidism. There are also several nutritional supplements that can support your thyroid gland and convert T4 into T3. One is iodine. Your body needs iodine to make thyroid hormones. In 2007, the World Health Organization estimated that 30% of the world’s population is iodine deficient, and infants born to mothers with hypothyroidism are at risk of learning and developmental delays. The recommended intake of iodine is 1-2 milligrams a day. The second is selenium. The thyroid gland has the highest concentration of selenium by weight of any organ in the body. Selenium is needed to form the enzymes that convert T4 into active T3. As an antioxidant, selenium also protects thyroid tissue from oxidative stress. The recommended intake of selenium is 200-400 micrograms a day. The third is zinc. Optimal zinc helps convert T4 into active T3 and lowers reverse T3. One study showed that when patients with normal T4, low T3 and high reverse T3 were given zinc supplements for 12 months, their T3 levels normalized and reverse T3 went back to normal. The recommended intake of zinc is 30-60 milligrams a day. Once you have addressed your T4 conversion issue, under the guidance of your healthcare provider, you can flush out the excess reverse T3 from your body with bioidentical T3 hormones like Cytomel or compounded and sustained-release T3. T3 cannot be converted into reverse T3 so as you slowly increase your T3 with medication, your T4 and reverse T3 will both go down. T3 medication dose is 5-25 micrograms daily on an empty stomach first thing in the morning. Be patient; it can take 8-12 weeks to feel better as the reverse T3 is flushed out of your system. Side effects can be anxiety, heart palpitations, nausea, and headaches. Work with your doctor to find the right T3 dose for you. GET YOUR THYROID TESTS HERE Thyroid Health Tips Thyroid health is key to overall health. Here’s how to keep your thyroid gland working optimally: Eat well: Include foods high in iodine, like seafood, dairy, and iodized salt, to support hormone production. Exercise: Regular physical activity helps thyroid function and overall health. Manage stress: Stress can harm thyroid function, so manage stress through meditation and yoga. Sleep well: Sleep is key to thyroid function and overall health. Avoid toxins: Some toxins, like pesticides and heavy metals, can affect thyroid function, so minimize exposure. Thyroid health can be affected by many factors, including genetics, age, and certain medical conditions. If you have thyroid concerns, see your healthcare provider, who can do thyroid function tests and give you personalized advice to keep your thyroid healthy. Bibliography  Thyroid Hormones Overview - NCBI Bookshelf What Is Reverse T3? - HealthCentral Research on Reverse T3 - PubMed Overview of the Thyroid Gland - Merck Manuals Understanding Reverse T3 Syndrome - Neuroendocrinology Society Reverse T3 and Its Role in Thyroid Health - Niki Cleuet Blog Thyroid Hormone Production and Function - ColumbiaDoctors Overview of Reverse T3 - Verywell Health Reverse T3 in Clinical Practice - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Thyroid Hormone: Production, Function, and Regulation - Cleveland Clinic Understanding Reverse T3 and Thyroid Dysfunction - Elixir Naturopathy Reverse T3: Key Insights - Paloma Health The Role of Thyroid Hormones: An Intricate Dance - Revolution Health  

The Best Illustrated Testosterone Book Now Available on Amazon Nelson Vergel, a well-known author of men’s health and hormone books, has published his fourth testosterone book, Beyond Testosterone. Nelson Vergel holds a chemical engineering degree and an MBA. After an HIV diagnosis over 33 years ago, he explored therapies to reverse wasting syndrome to save his life and those of his peers, leading him to co-author “Built to Survive: The Clinical Use of Anabolic Steroids for HIV+ Men and Women”,” a book that became the leading wasting treatment guide in the HIV field. He has been a member of several NIH and pharmaceutical advisory groups and FDA review panels. Nelson also founded the Body Positive Wellness Clinic and Program for Wellness Restoration in Houston, providing health education and services to HIV+ people. To expand help to the general population, he wrote “Testosterone: A Man’s Guide” and created ExcelMale.com and DiscountedLabs.com to provide men’s health education and access to affordable blood testing. His latest project aims to improve access to testosterone and hormone replacement treatments around the world by providing the largest physician directory in the world. About the Book: Beyond Testosterone This 427-page illustrated book covers all aspects of testosterone replacement therapy, including the basics of testosterone, testosterone in women, and how to increase testosterone levels naturally. It also covers the diagnosis of low testosterone and the different treatment options available by prescription in the United States and around the world. Moreover, "Beyond Testosterone" goes in-depth on the benefits of testosterone replacement therapy, side-effect management, and the effects of testosterone on the prostate and cardiovascular system. The book also reviews the uses of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and discusses whether estradiol is an enemy or a friend of men. It covers the use of anastrozole and how to prevent and treat gynecomastia, acne, hair loss, water retention, high blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and low libido. It also explores the clinical use of FDA-approved anabolic steroids for different conditions, like wasting and other diseases. Furthermore, "Beyond Testosterone" provides information on fertility and HPTA recovery after anabolic steroid use or after stopping testosterone treatment. It also covers growth hormone-releasing hormones, DHEA supplementation, thyroid dysfunction diagnosis and treatment, and maintaining good mental health. Additionally, it provides tips on nutrition for muscle gain and fat loss, exercise, and how to monitor TRT lab tests. Lastly, the book includes a section on slack testosterone in Spanish, interviews with different experts, and resources. This book is an excellent resource for men who are considering testosterone replacement therapy or are already on TRT. It is a comprehensive guide that provides information on all aspects of TRT, from diagnosis to treatment to recovery. With "Beyond Testosterone," men can have a better understanding of their options and make informed decisions about their health.    Beyond Testosterone: Book Contents Introduction How to Use This Book Testosterone 101 Testosterone in Women How to Increase Testosterone Naturally Benefits of Testosterone Replacement Diagnosis of Hypogonadism (Low Testosterone) Testosterone Treatment Options Testosterone Side Effect Management Testosterone and the Prostate Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Estradiol: The Other Male Hormone Gynecomastia: Not a Simple Diagnosis Dihydrotestosterone: Should We Be Concerned About This Testosterone Metabolite? TRT-Related Acne and Hair Loss TRT-Related Water Retention and High Blood Pressure Erectile Dysfunction/Low Libido Clinical Use of FDA-Approved Anabolic Steroids Fertility and HPTA Recovery Growth Hormone-Releasing Products Thyroid Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Management Mental Health Nutritional Considerations Exercise Considerations Nelson's Tips for TRT Patients How to Monitor TRT Lab Tests La Testosterona: Información en Español Expert Interviews TRT Resources "Beyond Testosterone" is more than a medical guide; it's a tribute to the collective wisdom of the ExcelMale.com community, capturing the essence of community-driven health discussion. Each topic is enhanced with QR codes for updated information and practical tips, making it a dynamic tool for anyone seeking to understand the broader implications of testosterone in health. This book is indispensable for patients exploring testosterone therapy and clinicians aiming to enhance their therapeutic practices. It promises to empower readers with knowledge and inspire them to take charge of their health. Click here to buy: Beyond Testosterone by Nelson Vergel Click here to buy: US: Buy Now Canada: Buy Now UK: Buy Now Australia: Buy Now Spain: Buy Now Germany: Buy Now ALSO AVAILABLE ON THESE DEVICES FIRE TABLETS Fire HD 8 (8th Generation) Fire 7 (9th Generation) Fire HD 10 (9th Generation) Fire HD 8 (10th Generation) Fire HD 10 (11th Generation) Fire HD 10 Plus Fire 7 (12th Generation) Fire HD 8 (12th Generation) Fire HD 8 Plus   FREE KINDLE READING APPS Kindle for Android Phones Kindle for Android Tablets Kindle for iPhone Kindle for iPad Kindle for Mac Kindle for PC Kindle for Web

Table of Contents What is Prolactin? High Prolactin Consequenses Medications can increase prolactin blood levels in men: When to Get the Prolactin Lab Test: How to order your prolactin test now online.  What is Prolactin?   Prolactin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that is known for supporting lactation in women but also have many other functions on immune response, myelin coating on nerves, and also enhances LH receptors on testicular Leydig cells so that testosterone can be produced. Prolactin levels peak during REM sleep, and in the early morning. Levels can rise after exercise, meals, sexual intercourse, minor surgical procedures, or following epileptic seizures.   High Prolactin Consequenses High prolactin can decrease testosterone and cause sexual dysfunction. Normal prolactin blood level in men range between 2 and 18 ng/dLHigh blood levels of prolactin are more common than low levels. Hyperprolactinemia (Prolactin > 50 ng/dL) is the most frequent abnormality of the anterior pituitary tumors, termed prolactinomas. Prolactinomas may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as prolactin tends to suppress the secretion of GnRH– hormone responsible for activating the pituitary to male Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating hormones- LH and FSH) therefore causing low testosterone and sperm production. Such hormonal changes may manifest as impotence in males. Inappropriate lactation in men is another important clinical sign of prolactinomas (yes, men's breast tissue can produce small amounts of milk if high prolactin blood levels are present).However,low prolactin blood levels have also been found to be linked to sexual dysfunction and other issues.  Since prolactin seems to be involved in immune response and heart muscle integrity, keeping healthy levels is important.Substantial elevation in prolactin (>50 ng/mL) usually indicates a pituitary tumor. Very high levels of prolactin are associated with larger tumors. Prolactinomas are classified as microadenomas (<10 mm) and macroadenomas (>10 mm). The finding of a substantial elevation in blood levels of prolactin association with a pituitary lesion larger than 10 mm by radiographic analysis supports the diagnosis of a macroprolactinoma.Modest levels of prolactin elevation (25–50 ng/mL) may be associated with several diagnoses. All other causes of hyperprolactinemia should be excluded before a tumor is considered. Primary hypothyroidism and chronic renal disease is associated with elevations in prolactin, probably because of altered metabolism or clearance of prolactin. Medications can increase prolactin blood levels in men:   This table was obtained from Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Oct; 3(5): 929–951.)   When to Get the Prolactin Lab Test:   1- Men not on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) with very low levels of total testosterone (T level <150 ng/dL), especially if lower than normal LH is observed. For such male patients, testing for prolactin is used as screening for a potential pituitary gland problem (these men are referred to MRI) 2- Men with fluid production from their nipples. This has been observed in some men on anabolic steroids. 3- Men who have been on optimized TRT (TT levels above 500 ng/dL with free testosterone > 2 percent of TT) who complain of erectile dysfunction after at least 8-12 weeks of therapy. Prolactin is not usually included in baseline lab work due to cost and the fact that the incidence of high prolactin in men is about 5 percent, making it not economically justified. However, if baseline total testosterone is very low or optimized TRT fails to improve ED, prolactin testing could be justified. Treatment of High Prolactin: Due to its long half life and strong attachment to the prolactin receptor, the use of an ergot derivate at 0.25- 1 mg per week has become the main treatment of choice as a way to decrease prolactin in men on TRT.  An ergot derivative, is a potent dopamine receptor agonist on D2 receptors. In vitro, rat studies show this medication has a direct inhibitory effect on pituitary lactotroph (prolactin) cells. It is frequently used as a first-line agent in the management of prolactinomas due to higher affinity for D2 receptor sites, less severe side effects, and more convenient dosing schedule than the older treatment for this condition. In a small studydone in men with very high prolactin (>1000 ng/dL) due to a pituitary tumor, a escalating dosing regimen improved prolactin and sexual function.  In another pilot study that enrolled men with ED who had with a median prolactin blood level of 31 ng/dL, a dose of 0.5 mg twice daily of a prolactin blocking medication brought levels down to a median of 4.9 ng/dL and improved sexual function.  It is advisable to start at 0.2-0.5 mg once per week and then recheck blood levels after 4 weeks to ensure that prolactin is not reduced under 2 ng/dL (both high and low prolactin can cause ED). Note: Some online forums have fueled the unmonitored use of prolactin blocking drugs as a way to boost erectile function and decrease refractory (the time that takes to recover before having sex again) time after an orgasm. There is a concern with unmonitored use of this drug is that men may be driving their prolactin too low which results in the opposite effect they are seeking. How to order your prolactin test now online. 

Except for estradiol, no hormone is more misunderstood than dihydrotestosterone, or DHT. Many men fear DHT, going out of their way to use a DHT blocker for their medical condition. However, DHT is a critical hormone, one that men need for sexual and prostate health, cognitive function, skeletal strength, and many other reasons. Like everything in life, there are downsides to DHT, but the upside of healthy DHT levels far outweighs the challenges it can present. It is crucial to choose a DHT blocker that has support from scientific research in order to ensure both safety and efficacy when considering its use for hair thickness and general health care. In the intricate world of hormones and their impact on men's health, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) often emerges as a topic of considerable debate and intrigue. This potent androgen, frequently overshadowed by its more famous counterpart testosterone, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes yet is often misunderstood or feared due to its association with certain medical conditions. Our journey in this article is to demystify DHT, unraveling its complexities to reveal not just the concerns it raises but, more importantly, the indispensable benefits it offers for male health. From sexual wellness to cognitive abilities and skeletal integrity, DHT's influence is far-reaching, making it essential to understand and appreciate its role in the broader context of hormonal balance and overall health. DHT – FRIEND OR ENEMY? Except for estradiol, no hormone is more misunderstood than dihydrotestosterone, or DHT. Many men fear DHT, going out of their way to lower it and frustrate its biological activity. However, DHT is a critical hormone, one that men need for sexual and prostate growth, cognitive function, skeletal strength, and many other reasons, such as hormonal health conditions. Like everything in life, DHT has downsides, but the upside of healthy DHT levels far outweighs the challenges it can present. DHT, the main hormone involved in male-pattern hair loss, can attach to receptors in your scalp and damage your hair follicles, leading to a receding hairline, hair thinning, and even severe hair loss. DHT – Where it Comes From The principal hormone produced in men is, of course, testosterone. When testosterone is produced by the testicles (or injected or absorbed by a man on testosterone replacement), an enzyme, 5-alpha reductase(5-AR), sets to work, converting a portion of that testosterone to DHT, which is the conversion of testosterone into the androgen hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This conversion prevents some testosterone from reaching the androgen receptors in the brain, genitals, skin, and other tissues. Initially, that may sound like the body is deprived of a needed hormone, testosterone. However, for the most part, this conversion is actually in a man’s best interest. Though estimates vary, DHT binds much more efficiently to androgen receptors; DHT is 300 to 500 percent more efficient at reaching and binding to the receptors and is far more potent than testosterone. If tissues were deprived of DHT, 5-AR hadn’t done its job; there would be dramatic physiological changes. While it is true that testosterone remains the primary, active androgen in muscle and muscle development, DHT is still critical for testosterone's full performance-enhancing effects. Specifically, the impact of DHT on the central nervous system increases neurological efficiency and strength. The production of body hair DHT comes from testosterone, with the help of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase (5-AR). The production of DHT is a natural process that occurs when testosterone is converted into the androgen hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with the help of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase (5-AR). DHT – Positive Effects  To understand DHT’s androgenic properties, consider the following. Male Development – Physical and sexual development in the human male is DHT-dependent. DHT is responsible for the growth and development of the penis, the prostate, and the testicles. It not only helps with sex differentiation during fetal development but also supports the changes that occur during puberty and adulthood. Libido – DHT supports a healthy sex drive. Men with optimal levels of the hormone report a far stronger drive than men with lower levels. Prostate Health – Men with balanced levels of DHT may have fewer prostate health issues. Cognitive Function – One study indicated that administering DHT to men between 34 and 70 resulted in memory improvements. The androgenic properties of the hormone encouraged the retrieval of stored memories and the archiving of new ones. Low/lower levels of DHT were linked to a decline in cognitive function in elderly men. Blood Sugar Management – Higher levels of DHT help to reduce the risk of diabetes by controlling sugar levels and preventing hyperglycemia. DHT can improve insulin sensitivity, support efforts to lose weight, and may provide adjunctive support in treating diabetes.  Cardiovascular Health – Men with coronary artery disease may benefit from higher levels of DHT since lower hormone levels have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It may be a simple association – higher levels of DHT might lower the mortality associated with heart disease. Stroke Risk – Researchers followed a group of men for six years and learned that higher levels of DHT and testosterone seemed to lower the risk of stroke.  Depression – In one study, men who used finasteride, a drug that blocks 5-AR and, thus, generates lower levels of DHT, had higher rates of depression than a control group. DHT may well be necessary to support mental and emotional health. Anti-Aging – Higher levels of DHT, testosterone, and estradiol seem to slow the decline associated with aging. Lower levels of all three hormones brought about cellular changes seen in the elderly. Higher levels were associated with “younger” cellular function. Bone and Skeletal Health – Along with estradiol, appropriate levels of DHT support and maintain bone density in men. DHT – The Downside The DHT story is firm but not universally positive. The drawbacks of DHT must be considered. Baldness – Hair loss is probably the number one DHT—harmful in the minds of most men who are involved in testosterone therapy. Studies have shown that higher levels of DHT are linked to increased male-pattern baldness. In women, elevated levels of DHT can lead to male-like hair growth patterns. Cancer – DHT is critical for the normal development of the prostate, but high hormone levels have been associated with prostate cancer risk. However, studies on DHT and prostate cancer are contradictory. Acne – Inflammatory acne flares have been linked to DHT.  DHT – The Bottom Line: A Friend or Foe? For men, DHT is a friend and an important one. However, like virtually every hormone in the body, the key to health is balance. If DHT levels drop too far, men open themselves to low libido.  DHT is not likely to be tested in most men undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. Some clinicians fail to recognize the importance of DHT for men’s health and libido, so they fail to monitor it. It’s entirely possible, even likely, that some men are not obtaining the maximum benefits of testosterone replacement because (unbeknownst to them) their DHT levels are not optimal.  DiscountedLabs.com offers a highly affordable DHT test to help you determine if your body is producing sufficient DHT. The DHT test is quick, easy to administer, and reliable.   How to Increase DHT There are natural ways to boost DHT levels if one is not on a testosterone replacement protocol. Here are a few things that can be done. Exercise more, particularly resistance training and high-intensity training. Increase your intake of caffeine, creatine, or green tea supplements. Boost the amount of zinc in your diet via the food you eat or a supplement. Take a DHEA supplement if your DHEA blood level is low. Get a DHEA blood test Lose weight. Optimize your testosterone blood level, which is low. Last but not least, use a scrotal testosterone cream. Applying compounded (alcohol-free) testosterone cream to the testicular skin has increased DHT considerably. Using a DHT Blocker to Lower DHT It should be clear that most men have no reason to suppress their DHT levels. However, Propecia is regularly prescribed as a DHT blocker for men anxious about losing their hair, specifically to address male pattern baldness (a.k.a. androgenic alopecia). As was noted, Propecia will stop or suppress the 5-AR activity that produces DHT, thereby reducing DHT production. By blocking or slowing the work of 5-AR, one of the possible adverse side effects that DHT can have, male pattern baldness, may be prevented or arrested. Unfortunately, there is scientific evidence that some men who take this medication may risk lowering their libido and mood. In many cases, using DHT blockers like finasteride can help you to slow down or stop androgenic hair loss and even stimulate growth, allowing people to slow down or prevent hair loss and maintain a full head of thicker, healthier hair well into their 40s, 50s, and 60s. Topical finasteride is not FDA-approved yet but has shown promise in clinical studies. It can be sold by compounding pharmacies with a prescription. For reasons still not clearly understood, this medication can produce a syndrome in some men very similar to those symptoms associated with hypogonadism. Loss of libido, weak erections, malaise, and fatigue plague many men even after they have stopped using the drug. While it’s true that no one wants to lose their hair, no man wants to wind up with what has come to be known as post-finasteride syndrome. With proper attention, DHT can be a friend and ally in the search for optimal health. Don’t fear it; accept it and have it work to your advantage. Conclusion Navigating the intricate landscape of DHT and its role in men's health requires a nuanced understanding that balances the pros and cons. While concerns like male pattern baldness and potential links to certain health issues cannot be overlooked, the substantial benefits of DHT in areas like sexual health, cognitive function, and metabolic regulation highlight its critical role. The key lies in achieving hormonal equilibrium and ensuring that DHT levels are maintained within an optimal range. For those considering testosterone replacement therapy or DHT blockers, it's crucial to make informed decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of DHT's impact and the latest scientific research. At DiscountedLabs.com, we offer affordable and reliable DHT testing, empowering you to make the best choices for your health and wellbeing. Remember, DHT is not just a hormone to be managed but a vital component of a balanced and healthy male physiology.   Buy Your DHT TEST on DiscountedLabs.com  

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common issue, particularly among older adults, and it greatly affects one's quality of life. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are often the first choice for treatment, but not all patients experience positive results. A new research study aimed to find out why PDE5I treatments sometimes fail in ED patients. Methods The study analyzed data from January 2016 to January 2022, focusing on ED patients who either didn't respond to PDE5I treatment or who had successful results. Information on patients' backgrounds, health conditions, and lab results was gathered and examined. The study did not include patients who had reasons to avoid the treatment or who didn't complete it. Results The group of patients where the treatment didn't work included 288 individuals, while 225 patients who responded well to the treatment were used for comparison. No significant differences were found in terms of marital status, other health conditions, smoking habits, or body mass index (BMI). However, significant differences were noticed in levels of HbA1c (a measure of blood sugar control), free testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Conclusion The study concluded that patients with higher HbA1c levels, lower free testosterone, and higher SHBG were more likely to experience failure with PDE5I treatments. Managing blood sugar levels and addressing hormonal imbalances might improve the effectiveness of PDE5I in treating ED. Nevertheless, more research is needed to fully understand all the factors that affect treatment outcomes.   Reference: Predictors of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Treatment Failure in Patients Diagnosed With Erectile Dysfunction

Estradiol in Men: What is the Most Accurate Blood Test? Table of Contents Estradiol in Men: What is the Most Accurate Blood Test? Comparisons of Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Serum Estradiol Levels and Their Influence on Clinical Association Studies in Men Objective: Design and Setting: Main Outcome Measures: Results: Conclusions: BUY SENSITIVE ESTRADIOL TEST HERE  Recent studies show the importance of estradiol in men and how low estradiol can be detrimental for not only for bone but also for sex drive. Low estradiol has also been linked to fat gain. So, physicians should be careful about treating men who are obviously being over diagnosed with high estradiol due to the use of the wrong test. This study compares the old estradiol blood test assay (ECLIA) to the more accurate sensitive one (LC/MS/MS). The sensitive estradiol test is a method for measuring estradiol levels in men (and children) using a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based assay[2]. It is considered more accurate for men because it provides better sensitivity and accuracy at lower estradiol concentrations, which are typically found in men, as opposed to higher concentrations found in adult females[1][2]. Immunoassay-based estradiol tests, on the other hand, perform best at higher concentrations of estradiol, making them more suitable for individuals with levels in the adult-female range[2]. The sensitive estradiol test, with its greater sensitivity at lower levels, is more appropriate for men who generally have lower levels of estradiol compared to adult females[3]. Comparisons of Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Serum Estradiol Levels and Their Influence on Clinical Association Studies in Men  (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 98, Issue 6, 1 June 2013, Pages E1097–E110)   Immunoassay-based techniques, routinely used to measure serum estradiol (E2), are known to have reduced specificity, especially at lower concentrations, when compared with the gold standard technique of mass spectrometry (MS). Different measurement techniques may be responsible for the conflicting results of associations between serum E2 and clinical phenotypes in men. Objective: Our objective was to compare immunoassay and MS measurements of E2 levels in men and evaluate associations with clinical phenotypes. Design and Setting: Middle-aged and older male subjects participating in the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden study (n = 2599), MrOS US (n = 688), and the European Male Aging Study (n = 2908) were included. Main Outcome Measures: Immunoassay and MS measurements of serum E2 were compared and related to bone mineral density (BMD; measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and ankle-brachial index. Results: Within each cohort, serum E2 levels obtained by immunoassay and MS correlated moderately (Spearman rank correlation coefficient rS 0.53–0.76). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels associated significantly (albeit to a low extent, rS = 0.29) with immunoassay E2 but not with MS E2 levels. Similar associations of immunoassay E2 and MS E2 were seen with lumbar spine and total hip BMD, independent of serum CRP. However, immunoassay E2, but not MS E2, associated inversely with ankle-brachial index, and this correlation was lost after adjustment for CRP (C Reactive Protein- An Inflammatory marker). Conclusions: Our findings suggest interference in the immunoassay E2 analyses, possibly by CRP or a CRP-associated factor. Although associations with BMD remain unaffected, this might imply for a reevaluation of previous association studies between immunoassay E2 levels and inflammation-related outcomes. BUY SENSITIVE ESTRADIOL TEST HERE   

Table of Contents Testosterone Fractions in Men How SHBG Influences Free Testosterone What Factors Influence Your SHBG Levels? How Do You Know if Your SHBG Levels Are High? How to Lower SHBG and Automatically Increase Free Testosterone Levels? Raise Your Total Testosterone Level Lower Your Estradiol Levels DHEA Supplements Might Help What if My SHBG Levels Are Already Low? Now You Know More About SHBG and the Role It Plays in Your Body!   When people hear about testosterone, they immediately think about muscles, alpha males, confidence, and probably sports cars. This is the most important male sex hormone and one of the most important hormones in the human body. However, this hormone has several fractions. It is influenced by your lifestyle and it can influence how you think and how you feel. For example, too much sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) can decrease free testosterone which can lead to low libido and other symptoms.  That is why some men search for ways to decrease SHBG levels. If you are interested in testosterone fractions and how to naturally increase this sex hormone in your body then keep reading. You will find out more about the bioavailability of testosterone and why it plays a vital role in your health. You will also find out how to decrease SHBG levels. Testosterone Fractions in Men If you do a testosterone test, your doctor will mention your average levels. For example, the generally accepted healthy levels of testosterone for men are between 350 ng/dl and 1,100 ng/dl. If you have a total testosterone level under 350 ng/dL, you might be diagnosed with hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency). However, this is the total testosterone level in your bloodstream. This hormone is made up of several fractions and they are important too. For example, there are bound testosterone (bound) and free testosterone (non-bound) levels that circulate through your blood. Total testosterone is made up of these two types of testosterone. Free testosterone makes up for about 2% of your total testosterone levels. This is the one that goes to your muscles, brain, and influences other organs and tissues in your body. The bound testosterone usually attaches to two substances - albumin or SHBG. The amount of testosterone that is bound to albumin is about a third of your total testosterone. The amount of testosterone that is bound to SHBG is approximately two-thirds of your total testosterone. Albumin is a protein and it carries your testosterone through the bloodstream and releases it as it is needed. You often hear the term "bioavailable testosterone". This refers to the amount of testosterone that can be used by your body. Luckily, testosterone bound to albumin can detach if necessary and get used as free testosterone. The one bound to SHBG cannot do that. In this case, the bioavailable testosterone in your body is the sum of free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone. How SHBG Influences Free Testosterone It's a well-known fact that the levels of albumin in your blood are generally stable. This protein doesn't have massive spikes in quantity for a male adult. On the other hand, SHBG levels can increase and decrease based on various factors. Most importantly, the levels of SHBG influence how much free testosterone you have in your blood. High levels of SHBG are usually associated with low levels of free testosterone. Less testosterone is available for muscles, the brain, and organs. The vice-versa is also true. Lower levels of SHBG are associated with higher levels of free testosterone. This can positively influence your mood and libido. What Factors Influence Your SHBG Levels? Multiple types of factors influence how much SHBG there is in your bloodstream. Aging is one of the most important factors.  As men age, their SHBG levels will naturally go up while the free testosterone levels will go down. However, you can do something about the other factors. For example, liver problems can increase SHBG levels in men of all ages. If you have a fatty liver due to chronic alcohol consumption or other reasons, chances are that your SHBG levels are also higher than normal. This is true for other liver problems such as cirrhosis or cancer. Thyroid problems can also increase SHBG levels. If your thyroid gland is less active or hyperactive, you might start to feel the symptoms of this health issue. Too much estradiol in your body is also responsible for increasing SHBG levels. Obesity and high triglyceride levels are commonly associated with an increase in SHBG levels in the blood. If you are overweight and your lipid profile is not very good, chances are that your overall testosterone levels might drop. Finally, inflammation is another factor that could increase SHBG levels and decrease free testosterone ones. Acute inflammation is good for the body to help you fight diseases. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, can lead to life-threatening issues and raise your SHBG levels. How Do You Know if Your SHBG Levels Are High? A simple blood test provides the best opportunity to test your testosterone levels accurately. Medical technology got very advanced, and it's possible to find out exactly how much testosterone is flowing through your blood quickly and safely. However, remember that most tests will communicate your total testosterone levels. You should dig a little bit deeper and find out the exact SHBG and free testosterone levels. These are the ones that interest you the most in this case. If the percent of total testosterone that is free testosterone is below 2 percent, then you may have high SHBG. For example, the optimal SHBG levels in adult males are between 10 and 60 nmol/L. If you have more than that, chances are that your free testosterone levels are also smaller than normal. Ask your doctor for assistance if you cannot figure out the SHBG levels independently. Discounted Labs sells several tests, including the SHBG test as part of lab test panels.   How to Lower SHBG and Automatically Increase Free Testosterone Levels? Now that you have learned more about SHBG and how it can influence your body, the next obvious question is to find out a way to decrease SHBG levels. You cannot stop the aging process, but you can do something about the other factors that influence SHBG. Raise Your Total Testosterone Level This is the simplest and often the best method to reduce SHBG and increase free testosterone. If your testosterone levels are low, do something to increase them. For example, you can lose weight, start exercising more often and clean your diet of junk food and processed meals. This will automatically increase your total testosterone level. A fraction of this level is free testosterone, but it's a fraction of something larger than before, so you'll definitely experience its positive effects. Lower Your Estradiol Levels Another way you can reduce your SHBG levels is by lowering the number of estrogens in your body. Estrogens are the maprimaryemale sex hormones but are also needed by the male body. One of the most important estrogens is estradiol. Men have small amounts of estradiol too, but too much can lead to high SHBG levels and even gynecomastia if low testosterone is present. Lowering estrogen levels is possible for men of all ages. For example, you should avoid soy-based products as these have the tendency to increase your blood estrogen levels. At the same time, try to minimize alcohol consumption, exercise more, lose weight if you are overweight, and get plenty of sleep. DHEA Supplements Might Help DHEA or dehydroepiandrosterone, is one of the most abundant steroids in the human body. It's a weak estrogen and androgen hormone. It serves many purposes in the body and it can be sold as a supplement. Some studies show that small doses of DHEA administered to men might decrease SHBG levels. However, more research is needed as increasing the levels of DHEA in the body can have serious side effects in the long run. For example, high levels of DHEA are commonly associated with Parkinson's Disease. This complex neurodegenerative disease can lead to memory loss and poor brain function. If you decide to take DHEA supplements, make sure that you speak with your doctor first. Remember that these solutions might work for people with SHBG levels higher than normal. If your SHBG level is low, you should not worry about lowering it further. What if My SHBG Levels Are Already Low? In this case, your free testosterone levels are optimal and you don't have to do anything to increase them. However, more SHBG is needed too. This could signify an underlying health condition that must be explored further. For example, if you have low SHBG in your bloodstream, you might have a fatty liver or metabolic syndrome. This condition can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption or other factors. A liver problem is usually associated with insulin resistance too. Generally speaking, low SHBG levels are good predictors of diabetes in people of all ages. You must do a blood glucose and a A1c test to see how glucose is processed in your body. If you're pre-diabetic, you can still do something to increase insulin sensitivity and avoid this chronic condition. Now You Know More About SHBG and the Role It Plays in Your Body! Although deciphering the mysteries of testosterone and SHBG is not easy, major medical advancements are made each day. As you can see, too little SHBG is bad, but too much of it is not good either. Patients must aim for an optimal level of SHBG and monitor it closely using a SHBG blood test.    

Table of Contents Brain Aromatase and Why It’s Not a Good Idea to Reduce Its Activity Estrogen and its beneficial effects in bodybuilding Estrogen function in men and why inhibiting its production can be detrimental.  High estrogen levels and prostate cancer Testosterone’s conversion to estrogen is important to eliminate anxiety and depression Testosterone activity in the brain High estradiol levels are not correlated with erectile dysfunction Estradiol improve endothelial function in healthy men Estradiol and libido, erectile function and reproduction How estradiol works when testosterone levels are low Estradiol and its influence in eugonadal men (men with normal testosterone levels.) Analyzing the role of estradiol on hypogonadal men who undertake testosterone replacement therapy Aromatase inhibition can decrease insulin sensitivity The relationship between estrogen and bodybuilding Estradiol and DHT can make you age more slowly Symptoms of low estradiol in men Estradiol and reproductive function in men Brain Aromatase and Why It’s Not a Good Idea to Reduce Its Activity Every man has free and bound testosterone circulating through his bloodstream. The bound testosterone is attached to either sex hormone-binding globulin or albumin. The free testosterone is available in small quantities in comparison with the bound testosterone. A small portion of it is converted to estrogen using the enzyme called “aromatase”. Although estrogen is a female sex hormone, it plays an important role in a male’s body too. For example, estradiol, a type of estrogen, is vital for proper sexual functioning and libido in men. However, too much estrogen can be detrimental, leading to poor sexual functioning, poor erections, accumulation of fat in the abdominal area and male boobs (gynecomastia). During testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), some men take drugs to inhibit aromatase and prevent it to convert too much testosterone into estrogen. these drugs inhibit the aromatase enzyme. Although this might sound like a good idea at first, altering the normal production of aromatase can lead to brain inflammation, studies suggest. The levels of aromatase and estrogen have been measured in injured brains and it has been discovered that the aromatase enzyme increased to protect the damaged neurons and the connections between them. Evidence concludes that inhibiting the normal levels of aromatase can lead to inflammation in healthy brains and more injury to already damaged brains. This happens because the aromatase/estrogen expression is moved from neurons to astrocytes which are a different type of brain cells. Astrocytes act as a cushion for neurons and they are usually more active when brain injury is detected. These cells can help with the healing process, but if they stay active for too long, this can lead to further damage to the brain. Studies also show that an insufficient amount of brain aromatase can indicate neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Low amounts of aromatase can increase plaque development which damages the brain. That’s why it is recommended to be careful when taking an aromataseinhibitor during testosterone replacement therapy as this drug might mess with the normal levels of aromatase and lead to brain complications.   Estrogen and its beneficial effects in bodybuilding Estrogen, one of the most important female sex hormone, is vital for professional athletes who aim at increasing their muscle mass. For example, estrogen can increase the anabolic response by modifying the way glucose is processed in muscle tissue. This hormone can influence the amounts of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase which is directly correlated to muscle growth and repair. In other words, having adequate amounts of estrogen can maximize muscle gains and strength. In studies performed on rats, estrogen has also been correlated with a whopping 480% increase in methyltrienolone which is an androgen connected to the levator ani muscle. The production of growth hormone and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) are also influenced by estrogen. This female sex hormone can increase the proliferation of IGF-1 in body tissues and liver which leads to greater muscle gains and protein synthesis. Estrogen also plays an important role when it comes to serotonin production. Serotonin is known for regulating the sleep/waking cycle. Bodybuilders who take aromatase inhibitors as drugs might have low levels of estrogen in the body. This can alter the serotonin production and lead to a thing called “steroid fatigue”. This is usually characterized by a general feeling of tiredness which can interfere with training regimes and prevent the athlete from performing at his peak. Maximizing muscle gains can be difficult in this case. Estrogen function in men and why inhibiting its production can be detrimental.  The aforementioned aromatase inhibitors are taken orally while one of them can be injected. There haven’t been studies assessing the short-term symptoms of these drugs on the physiology of an athlete. However, although drugs which inhibit aromatase and subsequently reduce estrogen levels are not usually used for a long period of time, they can cause problems when the estrogen drops under the normal range limit. Estrogen, particularly estradiol, is a powerful hormone which influences multiple body processes in both men and women. For example, estrogen can be anabolic in certain tissues such as bone and fat. It directly impacts bone density and can influence how much fat the body accumulates, particularly in the abdominal area. Estrogen can also have a stimulatory role and it influences protein production in the liver. It has a metabolic effect in the endocrine system and influences the binding globulins for vitamin D. Estrogen is also a neurosteroid influencing neurotransmitters in the brain. This can have an effect on emotions, motivation, and other functions. Since estrogen is so important in the human body, it is safe to assume that reducing it to dangerously low levels using drugs can have negative consequences on health. Similarly, having estrogen levels above the normal limit can also be detrimental for a male’s body. The key is to maintain balance when it comes to estrogen levels and make sure that estradiol E2 doesn’t drop below 20pg/mL.   The effects of aromatase inhibition on bone mineral density in older men A study was conducted at a tertiary care academic center in Boston, MA, measuring the levels of testosterone and estradiol of 69 men over 60 years of age. The participants had borderline or low testosterone levels and the study included a placebo group. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of aromatase inhibition on bone mineral density and bone turnover. Each participant received 1 mg of an aromatase inhibitor daily or a placebo drug. At the end of the study, the serum testosterone increased from 319 ± 93 ng/dl at baseline to 524 ± 139 ng/dl in month 3 and dropped slightly after one year. The estradiol levels also decreased from 15 at baseline to 12 after 3 months and remained there. The bone mineral density decreased in the aromatase inhibitor group in comparison with the placebo group. Taking aromatase inhibitors reduce the amount of testosterone which is converted to estradiol and because participants had less estradiol in their bloodstream, their bone mineral density also dropped. This concludes that estradiol is important for bone mineral density, particularly in older men. Is anastrazole for men a good idea?   High estrogen levels and prostate cancer Some studies conclude that high levels of estrogen might help develop prostate cancer cells, but men who already have prostate cancer don’t have high levels of estrogen in the bloodstream. Other studies show that a sharp increase in estrogen levels might lead to prostate cancer, but more information is required to reach a definitive conclusion. A small part of the free testosterone which circulates through the bloodstream is converted into estrogen. This hormone is required for maintaining proper health and avoiding cardiovascular diseases as well as diabetes type 2. On the other hand, low testosterone levels have also been associated with an increase in prostate cancer cells. A significant body of evidence indicates that high estrogen levels might be dangerous for men and affect their prostate only when testosterone levels are too low. Increasing testosterone levels through TRT (testosterone replacement therapy) will also increase estrogen levels in a natural way, but this doesn't automatically mean that the risk of prostate cancer will be higher. Approximately 50 years of studies show that testosterone administration alone doesn’t lead to prostate cancer.   Testosterone’s conversion to estrogen is important to eliminate anxiety and depression It is estimated that approximately 20 million adults in the United States are affected by depression each year. Many of these people receive antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, but this medicine can have different effects on certain people and they don’t come without side effects. Testosterone plays an important role in reducing anxiety and depression feelings in men, while estrogen and progesterone also act together as a protective mechanism against depression in women. Women, in particular, are 70 percent more predisposed to depression during their lifetimes, in comparison with men. However, certain low-testosterone males also develop depression and antidepressants seem to be inefficient for them. New evidence suggests that the conversion of testosterone to estrogen is necessary to reap the antidepressant effects of testosterone. Professor Mohamed Kabbaj reached this conclusion during his studies which were promoted by the National Institute of Mental Health. It has been discovered that there is a link between testosterone conversion to estrogen and depression in animal studies, but this link might be valid in human studies as well. This might lead to new antidepressants which impact the brain differently and are more efficient for low-testosterone men. Testosterone influences a plethora of pathways in the brain and it can have multiple side effects. That’s why it is important to develop a drug which acts only on the pathways responsible with anxiety and depression. Some of the side effects caused by antidepressants include heart problems and these should be avoided. Better drugs are necessary to impact the brain differently and safely treat anxiety and depression feelings. Dr. Kabbaj discovered that the antidepressant effects of testosterone happen only after this hormone has been converted to estrogen. The conversion process is regulated by a special enzyme in the brain. Dr. Kabbaj inhibited this enzyme in the hippocampus area of the brain. This area is responsible for mood regulation and has a strong influence on how a person feels. When this enzyme has been inhibited, the antidepressant effects of testosterone weren’t present. This leads to the conclusion that the conversion of testosterone to estrogen is very important. Testosterone impacts the MAPK pathway in the brain to produce these positive and beneficial antidepressant effects. However, this pathway is also implicated in multiple other body processes, including cell growth and cancer. More work is required to find out ways to get the antidepressant effects of testosterone without increasing the risk of cancer. Testosterone activity in the brain Tests have been done on rats to discover the behavior of testosterone when it enters the brain. Castrated rats have been injected with estradiol instead of testosterone and the recovery process of intromission and ejaculation worked normally. The estradiol was injected into the hypothalamus. However, when DHT was injected instead of testosterone (DHT is a powerful androgen which doesn’t convert to estrogen), no recovery process was detected. This concludes that testosterone converts to estrogen when it is injected into the hypothalamus and facilitates sexual behavior. The aromatase enzyme is present in this part of the brain as well as estrogen receptors. It has also been discovered that injecting drugs which block the aromatization process of testosterone to estrogen can change the behavioral effects of testosterone and significantly influence sexual function. This means that testosterone must convert to estrogen to enable proper male sexual behavior. Further studies show that inhibiting the aromatization process in monkeys can interfere with their sexual behavior. Men who have a congenital deficiency of aromatase also have a low sex drive and they can benefit greatly from small doses of estradiol to improve sexual functioning. The testosterone’s effects on male sexuality are twofold. This hormone influences libido directly with the help of androgen receptors and indirectly using estrogen receptors. However, more work is necessary to determine the exact differences between these effects.   High estradiol levels are not correlated with erectile dysfunction Contrary to the popular belief, high estradiol levels are not associated with poor sexual function in males. A study was conducted on low testosterone centers in the United States, comprising more than 34,000 men. The participants had different ages, some of them being younger than 25 while others being older than 65. Estradiol levels were measured using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and it has been discovered that having too much estradiol in the bloodstream doesn’t lead to poor sex drive and erectile dysfunction. It has also been discovered that those with low or normal estradiol levels have a higher incidence of poor sex drive and potential erectile dysfunction.   Estradiol improve endothelial function in healthy men Studies show that estradiol (sometimes written as oestradiol) can improve endothelial function in healthy men. The endothelium is a very thin membrane which lines up the insides of your blood vessels and heart. It can also be found on lymph vessels. Its role is to release substances which help relax or constrict the blood vessels, depending on various factors. The endothelium is also important for controlling platelets, blood clotting and to regulate immune function in men and women. It is already known that supplementing with estrogen (particularly estradiol) is linked to a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease in women who are deficient in this hormone. The purpose of the study is to determine if estrogen can also be beneficial for the endothelial function in healthy men. The study included 23 men aged 32 years, give or take up to 8 years. They were split into three groups. One group was given testosterone supplements alone, one group received a combination of testosterone and 10mg of estradiol and the third group received testosterone and 20mg of estradiol. These participants were measured one month and six months after multiple tests were performed to determine the influence of estradiol on their health. The study concluded that those who received estradiol supplementation had a better endothelial function. This means that administering estradiol to healthy men can improve their cardiovascular system.   Estradiol and libido, erectile function and reproduction Estradiol impacts multiple processes in a human body and it can have a strong influence on the brain. This hormone can directly influence the brain and dictate the sexual behavior of mammals, creating arousal states and moods which are conducive to reproduction. This is done by the release of pheromones. These substances can increase activity in the area anterior to the hypothalamus. Neurons play an important role in converting testosterone to estrogen using the aromatase enzyme. There are billions of neurons in the brain and they transmit electrical information 24/7, helping humans function correctly. Another important brain cell is the astrocyte. These cells help the neurons transfer information from one part of the brain to the other. They are star-shaped cells which play an important role, particularly when the brain is injured and they also use the aromatase enzyme to convert testosterone to estrogen. The anterior area of the hypothalamus contains numerous estrogen receptors. These receptors work similarly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which are known for lowering sex drive. This might indicate that estrogen can significantly influence sexual functioning and behaviors in men.   How estradiol works when testosterone levels are low Having low testosterone levels can definitely lead to poor sexual functioning and lack of libido. To determine the efficacy of estradiol in men and what influences it has, it is important to analyze it in people who have normal as well as low testosterone levels. Studies have been done on men with low testosterone. They received doses of estradiol and reported an increased sexual drive. These human studies are supported by the ones performed on rats. Castrated rodents were given estrogen and it has been discovered that this increased their sexual activity. Another important finding consists of patients who had prostate cancer and received androgen deprivation therapy. This type of therapy is known to slow down or completely stop the advancing of prostate cancer since the cancerous cells require testosterone to grow. When the androgen levels reached a critical point, the patients reported symptoms which are commonly found in people who have a low sex drive and erectile dysfunction such as hot flashes and other adverse effects. It has also been discovered that androgen receptor blockers are more efficient in maintaining sexual activity in comparison with castration. This might happen as a result of testosterone conversion to estrogen. It is possible that supplementing with estradiol might make patients who undertake androgen deprivation therapy have increased brain activity in those areas responsible with sexual behavior.   Estradiol and its influence in eugonadal men (men with normal testosterone levels.) Eugonadal means men with healthy testosterone levels. Estradiol has been proven beneficial for people with low testosterone levels, increasing libido, and sexual desire. However, some studies show that the same positive results don't apply to eugonadal men. One study was performed on men with healthy testosterone levels. They received estradiol on a regular basis and they reported a decrease in sexual functioning, libido, masturbation, and erections. On the other hand, another study reported that administering estradiol to 50 men aged between 20 and 40 years didn’t influence their sexual function and libido at all. More research is required to understand how estradiol affects eugonadal men, but administering this hormone exogenously can be beneficial for people who have testosterone levels, increasing their libido and sexual desire.   Analyzing the role of estradiol on hypogonadal men who undertake testosterone replacement therapy Testosterone supplementation therapy aims to improve the quality of life of hypogonadal men as well as increase the levels of circulating testosterone in their bloodstream. This therapy also tries to increase the number of testosterone metabolites such as estradiol which is known for playing a vital role in sexual desire. In a test performed on men with secondary hypogonadism, c l o mi phene was used to increase the levels of testosterone by influencing the estrogen receptors directly. Secondary hypogonadism means that the testicles function correctly, but there is a scarcity of luteinizing hormone produced by the pituitary gland and this translates into low testosterone levels. The clomiphene citrate managed to increase testosterone levels in men with secondary hypogonadism as well as increasing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. Other studies show that clomiphene citrate can increase sexual desire and libido. Another study performed in 2013 looked at the role of testosterone in healthy men and how it can influence sexual behavior. Some of the study participants received testosterone in combination with aromatase inhibitors, while others received testosterone without aromatase inhibitors. As a result, the sexual function was impaired when aromatization was inhibited. Other studies show that sexual desire increased significantly when men received testosterone supplementation therapy and had estradiol levels above 5 ng/dl. Even when testosterone levels were below 300 ng/dl and the estradiol levels were higher than 5 ng/dl, the sexual desire was increased. Yet another study looked at the sexual behavior of men who received l etr ozole which is a powerful aromatase inhibitor. These men had low testosterone levels and after being given le tro zole, their estradiol level dropped even lower. The result was that libido was significantly decreased. This means that both testosterone and estradiol are important in people who have testosterone deficiency to achieve and maintain healthy sexual desire and libido.   Aromatase inhibition can decrease insulin sensitivity Insulin sensitivity is extremely important when it comes to diseases such as diabetes type 2. Those who have low insulin sensitivity are more predisposed to become diabetic in the future. Inhibiting the aromatase enzyme through different types of drugs can have a significant influence on insulin sensitivity in both humans and rats. A study conducted at a clinical research facility tested 17 healthy men with ages between 18 and 50 years. This was a double-blind, controlled study. Each participant received an aromatase inhibitor, or a placebo drug for 6 weeks. The study concluded that inhibiting aromatase can lead to poor insulin sensitivity, particularly when it comes to peripheral glucose disposal.   The relationship between estrogen and bodybuilding It is well known that estrogen gives you a feeling of wellbeing and the lack of it can lead to depression, mood swings, emotional instability, and even depressive thoughts. Aromatase inhibitors can reduce the amount of estrogen the body produces and it usually makes a person feel lethargic and unhappy. For example, menopausal women seem to become more emotionally unstable and being haunted by feelings of anxiety and depression. Studies show that this can also be the case for bodybuilders and top athletes who regularly take aromatase inhibitors to convert less testosterone to estrogen. Estrogen is vital when it comes to sexual drive and libido as well and it is a well-known fact that aromatase inhibitors can negatively impact sex drive. A study on two groups of men reached the conclusion that estrogen is very important for libido. The first group received testosterone treatment alone while the second group received testosterone and an anti-estrogenic agent. At the end of the test, the group who received only testosterone treatment had better sexual drive and libido. Researchers also believe that lowering the estrogen levels too much in healthy men can lead to anxiety feelings, depression and even osteoporosis.   Estradiol and DHT can make you age more slowly Another study performed in Australia looked at the link between telomere length and the amount of serum estradiol and DHT in men. Telomeres are sequences of nucleotides at the end of each chromosome. They are used as a biomarker for aging. Having shorter telomeres means that the biological age is higher, regardless of the actual age of the person. Having longer telomeres correlated with a smaller biological age which basically means that the person is younger than his or her real age. The study performed in Australia looked at the telomere lengths of men aged 53, give or take approximately 15 years. The conclusion of the study was that estradiol and DHT correlate with telomere length and a small reduction in estradiol can amount to an approximate age increase of a decade. Estradiol alone can influence telomere length and that’s why it is important not to reduce it too much using aromatase inhibitors.   Symptoms of low estradiol in men A study performed in a medical center on several hundred men concluded that lack of estradiol can give certain vasomotor symptoms similar to those menopausal women have. These symptoms include hot flashes, sweats and flushes. The study participants were healthy men with ages between 20 and 50 years. They had normal serum testosterone levels and were split into two groups The first group of men was administered goserelin acetate which stops gonadal steroids. After 4 weeks, they received placebo drugs or different doses of testosterone gels. The second group of men received a treatment similar to those in the first group, but they also received an inhibitor of the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen. The study concluded that those who received aromatase inhibitors and had low estradiol levels experienced vasomotor symptoms such as night sweats and hot flashes. Similarly, those who received high doses of testosterone gel (approx 10 grams daily), as well as aromatase inhibitors, didn't experience the same symptoms. This means that when high amounts of testosterone are administered, it can suppress the effect of the aromatase inhibitor and leave estrogen levels intact.   Estradiol and reproductive function in men The sexual function in males is directly influenced by a mix of multiple substances and organs including testosterone, estradiol, estrogen receptors, testes, penis, and brain. The aromatase enzyme and estrogen receptors have a similar location in the brain and they are important in the development of sexual function early in life. They also influence sexual behavior in adulthood in combination with other substances called pheromones. Estrogen influences the mood and libido of a man, enabling him to alter his cognition for a mental state conducive to reproduction. Spermatogenesis is another important part of male reproduction. The creation of sperm cells relies on estradiol and these cells contain estrogen receptors and the aromatase enzyme. Men who undertake testosterone supplementation therapy should also be monitored for their estrogen levels. This is because an estradiol level below 5ng/dl can cause a significant drop in sex drive and libido.   Conclusion The role of estrogen in the male body is unquestionably important. Bodybuilders, professional athletes, and patients who undertake testosterone replacement therapy should be careful when it comes to managing estradiol levels since this hormone can significantly impact their wellbeing, sex drive, and bone density.   Get Your Estradiol Blood Test and Find Out More!