Kidney Function

The Cystatin C Blood Test The cystatin C blood test is used to monitor kidney function in people experiencing or suspected to have, kidney disease (1). If a physician suspects that you’re suffering from impaired kidney function they will likely order a cystatin C blood test. The cystatin C test can be done instead of the creatinine or creatinine clearance test in cases where those tests aren’t appropriate (2), such as: In patients with cirrhosis Cases of morbid obesity Malnourishment Reduced or more than "normal" amount of muscle mass Patients taking creatine supplements that are increasing their creatinine and decreasing their estimated creatinine clearance (eGFR) Since the concentration of cystatin C in the blood will not change due to infection or inflammation and isn’t affected by body weight, lean mass, drugs or diet - cystatin C level could be a more reliable indicator of kidney health than creatinine (2). On the other hand, creatinine has been shown to be affected by higher body weight and lean mass. Testing for cystatin may also be useful to detect kidney disease early when the affected person isn’t experiencing many (if any) symptoms, and other test results are normal. What is Cystatin C? Cystatin C is a protein found in almost all the cells in the body. Cystatin C helps to regulate the activity of enzymes needed to break down bigger molecules both inside of and around those cells (3). Cystatin C level in the blood can be measured to determine how well the kidneys are functioning (3). The kidneys, liver, and spleen all work to filter the blood and excrete any waste substances as urine. This filtration process happens in a microscopic structure in the kidneys; the glomerulus (4). Each kidney contains approximately one-million glomeruli that function as tiny sieves to extract waste. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) rate is a measure of how well the glomeruli are filtering blood (4). If the kidneys and glomeruli are impaired, the GFR could decrease. A decreased GFR can cause certain proteins to accumulate (like cystatin C and creatinine) in the blood. So, the Cystatin C blood test is used to measure circulating levels of cystatin C. The levels of cystatin C in the blood can be used to assess the glomerular filtration rate to indirectly provide an assessment of kidney function. Risk factors for Kidney Disease Over 30 million American adults have kidney disease, but most of them aren’t aware of it (5). This lack of awareness is because people who have kidney disease tend to not experience any symptoms until kidney disease is in its latest stages. This happens when the kidneys are failing or when there are already large amounts of protein present in the urine. If your risk for kidney problems is already high due to hypertension (high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney failure runs in your family or you’re over 60 years of age (6), it’s crucial that you get tested yearly for kidney disease. Symptoms that May Mean a Cystatin C Test is Needed Although the only way to find out if you have kidney disease is to get tested, some symptoms indicate you may be experiencing kidney problems. These are five symptoms that could indicate impaired kidney function (7): 1) You need to urinate more frequently than normal. If you need to urinate more frequently, particularly at night, it can be a sign of kidney disease. When the kidney’s filters aren’t functioning well, it can result in an increased need to urinate. 2) Swollen ankles and feet. A decrease in kidney function may cause sodium retention which can make feet and ankles swell. Lower extremity swelling can also indicate heart or liver disease and circulatory problems. 3) Foamy urine. The presence of bubbles in your urine, especially persistent ones that require several flushes before they go away, could indicate excess protein is present in the urine. This foam may resemble the foam seen when scrambling eggs, since a protein found in urine is the same protein found in eggs: Albumin. 4) Dry and itchy skin. Healthy kidneys perform many critical functions. From removing waste and excess fluid from the body and helping to make blood cells to helping keep bones healthy by maintaining the correct amount of minerals in the blood. When skin becomes dry and itchy, it can be a symptom of mineral or bone disease that can accompany late-stage kidney disease because the kidneys can no longer maintain the correct balance of minerals in your blood. 5) Fatigue. A severe impairment of kidney function may lead to an excess of toxins and impurities in your blood. This accumulation of toxins can result in fatigue and can make it difficult to concentrate. Tiredness and weakness may also be the result of anemia, which is another complication of kidney disease. What Else Can Cause High Cystatin C Levels? While abnormally high cystatin C levels may indicate that you have a potentially serious kidney condition, it’s not the only medical issue that can cause this. Elevated levels of cystatin C could also be caused by conditions like (8,9,10) : Diabetes Cancer HIV Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism It’s best to speak to your doctor to understand precisely what the results of a cystatin C test mean for your health.   BUY THE CYSTATIN-C TEST HERE   References Mayo Clinic. Cystatin C with Estimated GFR, Serum. Mayo Clinic Staff. (N.D.) Baxmann, Alessandra Calábria et al. "Influence of Muscle Mass and Physical Activity on Serum and Urinary Creatinine and Serum Cystatin C." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN 3.2 (2008): 348–354. PMC. Web. 25 Nov. 2017. National Kidney Foundation. Cystatin C. NKF Staff. (N.D.) De Martino C., Allen D.J., Accinni L. (1985) Microscopic structure of the kidney. In: Didio L.J.A., Motta P.M. (eds) Basic, Clinical, and Surgical Nephrology. Developments in Nephrology, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States. NIDDK Staff. (N.D.) Kazancioğlu, Rumeyza. "Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update." Kidney International Supplements 3.4 (2013): 368–371. PMC. Web. 25 Nov. 2017. Mayo Clinic. Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Clinic Staff. (N.D.) Inker, Lesley A et al. "Performance of Creatinine and Cystatin C GFR Estimating Equations in an HIV-Positive Population on Antiretrovirals." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999) 61.3 (2012): 302–309. PMC. Web. 25 Nov. 2017. Yaffe, Kristine et al. "Higher Levels of Cystatin C Are Associated with Worse Cognitive Function Among Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: The CRIC COG Study." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 62.9 (2014): 1623–1629. PMC. Web. 25 Nov. 2017. Madero, Magdalena, and Mark J. Sarnak. "Association of Cystatin C with Adverse Outcomes." Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 18.3 (2009): 258–263. Print.

Understanding Kidney Function ACR (Albumin to Creatinine Ratio) is essential for maintaining optimal kidney health and detecting early signs of renal complications. In this comprehensive blog post, we will delve into the intricacies of ACR, its importance in evaluating kidney function, and the factors that contribute to abnormal levels. We will explore various causes of a high albumin-to-creatinine ratio, such as kidney diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. In this blog post, we'll examine ways to handle blood sugar and pressure levels through lifestyle modifications that can result in improved general health. Additionally, we will discuss the potential risks associated with long-term NSAID use on the kidneys and provide tips for maintaining adequate hydration. Lastly, our focus shifts towards adopting a kidney-friendly diet by incorporating foods beneficial for renal health while also considering dietary restrictions necessary for individuals with elevated ACR values. By treating infections promptly and monitoring your kidney function regularly using methods like ACE inhibitors or ARBs management techniques, you can help ensure a healthier future free from debilitating renal complications. Table of Contents: Understanding Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Importance of Measuring Albumin and Creatinine Levels Normal Range for ACR Values Causes of High Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Kidney diseases leading to increased ACR Impact of hypertension on kidney function Role of diabetes in renal complications Infections affecting kidney function Medications contributing to increased ACR Dehydration and its effects on kidney function Managing Diabetes and Blood Pressure Strategies for Controlling Blood Sugar Levels Effectively Lifestyle Changes for Better Blood Pressure Management Reducing NSAID Usage and Ensuring Adequate Hydration Potential Risks Associated with Long-Term NSAID Use Tips for Maintaining Optimal Hydration Adopting a Kidney-Friendly Diet Foods Beneficial for Kidney Health Dietary Restrictions for Individuals with High ACR Treating Infections and Monitoring Kidney Function Importance of Timely Intervention for Infections The Role of ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Managing Kidney Diseases FAQs in Relation to Kidney Function Acr What Level of ACR Indicates Kidney Failure? What Is ACR Related to Kidney Function? What Is Normal ACR Ratio? What Causes a High ACR Level? Conclusion Understanding Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR) The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is a vital test used in evaluating kidney function. A protein called albumin and a waste product known as creatinine are both tested to determine the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). A high ACR may indicate that the kidneys are not filtering waste materials efficiently, which can lead to various health complications. In this section, we will discuss the importance of measuring albumin and creatinine levels and explore the normal range for ACR values. Importance of Measuring Albumin and Creatinine Levels Measuring albumin and creatinine levels is crucial, as it helps healthcare professionals assess how well your kidneys are functioning. Healthy kidneys filter out excess proteins like albumin from the bloodstream while retaining essential nutrients needed by our bodies. However, when kidney function declines due to damage or disease, they might allow more significant amounts of albumin into the urine, an abnormal condition called albuminuria. Creatinine is another critical indicator of kidney health since it's generated through regular muscle activity as a waste product that must be eliminated regularly via urine production. By comparing both of these parameters using ACR testing methods, medical experts can detect early signs of renal issues before they progress into severe conditions such as chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure. Normal Range for ACR Values The normal range for the albumin-to-creatinine ratio varies depending on factors like age, gender, race, or ethnicity but generally falls within specific limits: Males: less than 17 mg/g Females: less than 25 mg/g It's essential to note that these values are just general guidelines, and individual results may differ. If your ACR test indicates a high value, it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and appropriate intervention measures. Understanding the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is a crucial component of assessing kidney health and function. By understanding the causes of high ACR values, we can better identify potential risks for developing renal complications.   Key Takeaway:  The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is a test used to evaluate kidney function by measuring the levels of albumin and creatinine in urine. A high ACR may indicate inefficient waste material filtration, which can lead to health complications such as chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure. Normal range values vary depending on factors like age, gender, race, or ethnicity, but generally fall within specific limits for males and females. Causes of a High Albumin to Creatinine Ratio There are several potential causes for an elevated ACR, which can be attributed to damage or disease of the kidneys, hypertension, diabetes, infections, medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and dehydration. Understanding these factors is essential in identifying the underlying issues that may contribute to a high ACR. Kidney diseases leading to increased ACR Diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis can cause damage to the kidney's filtering units, called glomeruli. This damage allows albumin to pass from blood vessels into urine, resulting in an increased ACR value. Early detection and management of these conditions are crucial for preventing further deterioration of kidney function. Impact of hypertension on kidney function High blood pressure, when neglected for a long time, can cause damage to the vessels in the kidneys and thus impair their capability of eliminating waste substances properly, as well as leading to an upsurge in albumin excretion from urine. As a result, this may impair their ability to filter waste materials efficiently and increase albumin excretion in urine. Role of diabetes in renal complications High blood sugar levels can lead to damage of the glomeruli, which may impair their ability to filter waste materials efficiently and increase albumin excretion in urine. Proper management of diabetes through medication and lifestyle changes is essential to preventing or slowing down the progression of renal complications. Infections affecting kidney function Kidney infections such as pyelonephritis can also lead to an elevated ACR if not treated promptly. These infections may cause inflammation in the kidneys, which could impair their ability to filter waste materials effectively. Medications contributing to increased ACR Certain medications, like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have been linked with an increased risk of developing kidney problems. Long-term use or excessive consumption of these drugs may contribute to a higher ACR by causing damage to renal tissues. Dehydration and its effects on kidney function Dehydration, caused by insufficient fluid intake or excessive loss of fluids due to illness, exercise, or hot weather conditions, can negatively impact kidney function. Inadequate hydration might result in decreased filtration efficiency, leading to a higher concentration of albumin in urine and thus raising the ACR value. A high ACR is a sign of renal damage and may result from a variety of illnesses, such as diabetes or hypertension. Individuals should strive to keep their blood sugar levels in check and make modifications to their lifestyle habits that could help lower elevated blood pressure.   Key Takeaway:  Several factors can contribute to an elevated ACR, including kidney damage or disease, hypertension, diabetes, infections, certain medications like NSAIDs, and dehydration. Proper management of these conditions is crucial for preventing further deterioration of kidney function, and early detection is essential in identifying the underlying issues that may cause a high ACR. Managing Diabetes and Blood Pressure To lower a high albumin-to-creatinine ratio, it's essential to maintain tight control over blood sugar levels if you have diabetes. Additionally, keeping your blood pressure within healthy ranges by following your doctor's advice on medication or lifestyle changes can aid in improving kidney function. In this section, we will discuss strategies for controlling blood sugar levels effectively and lifestyle changes for better blood pressure management. Strategies for Controlling Blood Sugar Levels Effectively Maintain a balanced diet: Consuming a healthy mix of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats can help regulate glucose levels in the body. Consider working with a registered dietitian to create an individualized meal plan that meets your specific needs. Exercise regularly: Engaging in physical activity on most days of the week can help increase insulin sensitivity and manage blood sugar levels more effectively. Strive to get in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each week, or consult your healthcare provider for activities that suit your present health condition.  (source) Monitor glucose levels frequently: Regularly checking your blood sugar throughout the day allows you to make necessary adjustments in response to fluctuations. Discuss with your healthcare team how often you should monitor based on factors such as medications used or the presence of other medical conditions. Take prescribed medications consistently: Adhering to prescribed treatment plans is crucial in maintaining optimal glycemic control. If you are experiencing side effects or difficulties adhering to medication regimens, speak with your healthcare provider about alternative options. Lifestyle Changes for Better Blood Pressure Management Reduce sodium intake: Consuming less salt can help lower blood pressure levels. Aim to consume no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day, or even less if advised by your healthcare provider.  (source) Increase potassium-rich foods: Foods high in potassium, such as bananas, spinach, and sweet potatoes, can counteract the effects of sodium on blood pressure. Consult a physician prior to increasing your potassium intake if you have kidney issues or are taking certain drugs. Maintain a healthy weight: Losing excess weight and maintaining a healthy body mass index (BMI) can significantly improve blood pressure management. Speak with your healthcare team about appropriate weight loss strategies based on individual needs. Limit alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol in moderation is key to preventing elevated blood pressure levels. It's recommended that men limit their intake to two drinks per day, while women should have no more than one drink per day.  (source) Taking charge of diabetes and hypertension through these lifestyle changes not only helps lower the albumin-to-creatinine ratio but also promotes overall health and well-being. Regular consultations with healthcare professionals ensure personalized guidance tailored towards achieving optimal results. By making lifestyle changes and controlling blood sugar levels, it is possible to manage diabetes and blood pressure. To further protect kidney function,  reducing NSAID usage, and ensuring adequate hydration are important steps that should be taken.   Key Takeaway:  To lower a high Albumin to Creatinine Ratio, managing diabetes and blood pressure is crucial. Strategizing to bring down glucose levels can involve having a balanced diet, doing physical activity regularly, examining blood sugar often and taking medications as recommended. Lifestyle changes for better blood pressure management involve reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium-rich foods, maintaining a healthy weight and limiting alcohol consumption. Reducing NSAID Usage and Ensuring Adequate Hydration Another way to improve kidney function is by reducing usage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which might prevent further renal complications. Also, ensuring adequate hydration can support proper functioning while lowering the risk associated with dehydration-induced damage. Potential Risks Associated with Long-Term NSAID Use Continuous NSAID use, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, has been associated with a heightened risk of kidney damage due to their effects on renal blood flow. Over time, this may lead to a decline in kidney function and elevated urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) levels. If you regularly take NSAIDs for pain relief or inflammation management, it's essential to discuss alternative options with your healthcare provider that are less likely to impact your kidney health negatively. Tips for Maintaining Optimal Hydration Adequate hydration plays a vital role in supporting healthy kidney function by helping them filter waste materials efficiently from the body. Here are some tips for maintaining optimal hydration: Drink water throughout the day: Aim for at least eight 8-ounce glasses per day or follow personalized recommendations based on factors like age, weight, activity level, and climate. Avoid excessive caffeine consumption: While moderate amounts of caffeine are generally safe (up to 400 milligrams per day), excessive intake can lead to dehydration and increased stress on the kidneys. Monitor urine color: A pale yellow color is an indicator of proper hydration, while dark yellow or amber-colored urine may suggest that you need to drink more water. Eat hydrating foods: Incorporate fruits and vegetables with high water content into your diet, such as cucumbers, watermelon, oranges, and strawberries. Incorporating these tips into your daily routine can help ensure adequate hydration levels which, in turn, support healthy kidney function. By reducing NSAID usage and staying well-hydrated, you can lower the risk of renal complications associated with high ACR levels and kidney disease. By reducing NSAID usage and ensuring adequate hydration, individuals can help maintain optimal kidney function. Moreover, another key factor for safeguarding the kidneys is following a diet that is beneficial to them.   Key Takeaway:  To improve kidney function, it is important to reduce NSAID usage and ensure adequate hydration. Long-term use of NSAIDs can increase the risk of kidney damage, while proper hydration supports healthy kidney function by helping them filter waste materials efficiently from the body. Drinking fluids throughout the day, limiting caffeine intake, monitoring urine hue and eating hydrating foods are all tactics to maintain optimal hydration. Adopting a Kidney-Friendly Diet Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support proper kidney functioning. A balanced diet not only helps improve overall health but also aids in managing conditions like diabetes and hypertension that may contribute to renal issues. Foods Beneficial for Kidney Health Incorporating specific foods into your daily meals can help promote better kidney function. Some of these beneficial foods include: Olive oil: Rich in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants that protect against inflammation and oxidative stress. Cabbage: High in vitamin K, vitamin C, fiber, and low in potassium which is suitable for individuals with high ACR levels. Apples: Contain fiber and anti-inflammatory properties that aid digestion while reducing cholesterol levels. Fish (such as salmon or mackerel): Excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids which reduce inflammation associated with kidney diseases. Cauliflower: Provides essential nutrients like vitamin C, folate, fiber while being low in potassium and phosphorus. Dietary Restrictions for Individuals with High ACR Alongside incorporating kidney-friendly foods, it is crucial to limit or avoid certain food items that may exacerbate renal issues. Some dietary restrictions include: Reducing sodium intake: Excess sodium can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, which puts additional strain on the kidneys. Limiting high-potassium foods: Elevated potassium levels can be harmful to individuals with compromised kidney function. Consume certain fruits and veggies like bananas, oranges, potatoes, and tomatoes with caution. Controlling phosphorus intake: Too much phosphorus can cause bone-related problems among those with poor kidney function. Limit dairy products and processed foods containing phosphate additives. Monitoring protein consumption: Although essential for overall health, excessive protein intake may put extra stress on the kidneys of people with high ACR levels. Consult your healthcare provider about an appropriate daily protein intake. Adopting a kidney-friendly diet can significantly improve your renal health and overall well-being. Therefore, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional or nutritionist prior to making any drastic dietary modifications, especially if you have existing medical conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure. A diet beneficial to the kidneys can help those with elevated ACR levels reduce their chance of further harm and promote overall well-being. Treating infections and monitoring kidney function are also important steps in managing chronic kidney diseases.   Key Takeaway:  Consuming a balanced diet full of fresh produce, grains and lean proteins may assist in sustaining healthy kidney operation. Incorporating specific foods like olive oil, cabbage, apples, fish and cauliflower into your daily meals can help promote better kidney function while limiting high-potassium foods and controlling phosphorus intake is crucial for individuals with high ACR levels. Treating Infections and Monitoring Kidney Function It is crucial to address infections promptly under medical supervision in order to prevent further complications. Timely intervention can help maintain kidney function, reduce the risk of damage, and support overall health. Additionally, following prescribed treatment plans involving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can play a significant role in managing kidney diseases effectively. Importance of Timely Intervention for Infections Prevent complications: Treating infections early helps avoid potential complications that may arise from untreated conditions. Maintain kidney function: Promptly addressing infections reduces the risk of additional strain on the kidneys, thereby preserving their ability to filter waste materials efficiently. Faster recovery: Early intervention leads to quicker resolution of symptoms and faster recovery times for patients suffering from various types of infections. The Role of ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Managing Kidney Diseases In cases where hypertension or diabetes contributes to renal issues, medications such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs may be prescribed by healthcare professionals. These drugs work by blocking specific enzymes or receptors involved in regulating blood pressure levels. As a result, they provide several benefits for individuals with high creatinine ratio (CR) values: Blood pressure control: ACE inhibitors and ARBs help lower blood pressure, reducing the strain on kidneys and improving their function. Proteinuria reduction: These medications can decrease protein levels in urine, which is a common symptom of kidney damage or disease. Kidney protection: By managing hypertension and diabetes effectively, ACE inhibitors and ARBs may help slow down the progression of kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or glomerulonephritis. In order to ensure optimal health outcomes for individuals at risk for kidney disease, it is essential to monitor kidney function regularly under professional guidance. This includes keeping track of albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) values along with other relevant tests like estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to assess treatment efficacy, make necessary adjustments if needed, and detect any potential complications early on. Visit DiscountedLabs.com today to find affordable lab testing options without a doctor's visit in most cities across the United States.   Key Takeaway:  Promptly addressing infections and following prescribed treatment plans involving ACE inhibitors or ARBs can help maintain kidney function, reduce the risk of damage, and support overall health. Regular monitoring of ACR values along with other relevant tests allows healthcare providers to assess treatment efficacy, make necessary adjustments if needed, and detect any potential complications early on. FAQs in Relation to Kidney Function and ACR What Level of ACR Indicates Kidney Failure? An ACR value above 300 mg/g is considered a sign of kidney failure. However, it's important to note that an elevated ACR alone does not confirm kidney failure. Additional tests and evaluations by a healthcare professional are necessary for an accurate diagnosis. What Is ACR Related to Kidney Function? The Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) measures the amount of albumin in urine compared to creatinine levels. It helps assess how well the kidneys filter waste products from the blood, making it an essential indicator of overall kidney function and health. What Is Normal ACR Ratio? A normal ACR ratio ranges between 0-30 mg/g for both men and women. Values below 30 mg/g indicate healthy kidneys, while higher values may suggest potential issues with renal function or other underlying conditions requiring further investigation. What Causes a High ACR Level? Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, infections, some medications like NSAIDs, and chronic kidney diseases are just a few of the factors that can contribute to a high ACR level. Lifestyle changes, along with proper medical intervention, can help manage these contributing factors effectively. Conclusion Understanding the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is crucial for monitoring kidney function and identifying potential health issues. High ACR values can indicate kidney diseases, hypertension, or diabetes complications. However, managing blood sugar levels and blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication can help reduce ACR levels. Adopting a kidney-friendly diet that includes foods beneficial for renal health while avoiding dietary restrictions can also aid in reducing high ACR values. Treating infections promptly and monitoring kidney function regularly are essential steps towards maintaining optimal health. If you're concerned about your kidney function and ACR levels, consider getting the Kidney Renal Panel from Discounted Labs today to get started on your path towards better health!  

Nitrates in Urine: Understanding the Signs and Symptoms Have you ever noticed nitrates in your urine and wondered what this means? Nitrates are a type of compound that can be found in urine, and their presence can indicate certain health conditions. In this blog post, we will explore the science behind nitrates in urine, the causes of high nitrate levels, and how to recognize the symptoms. We will also discuss how nitrates in urine are diagnosed, interpreted, and treated. Additionally, we will address whether nitrates in urine can lead to complications and when you should be concerned about their presence. Read on to learn more about nitrates in urine and how to maintain good urinary health. Understanding Nitrates in Urine Nitrates in urine can indicate a potential urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacterial contamination. Dietary factors, such as consuming foods high in nitrates, can influence nitrate levels. Monitoring nitrate levels is important for maintaining urinary tract health. A urinalysis test can detect nitrates in urine. Understanding the presence of nitrates in urine helps identify possible UTIs and bacterial contamination, allowing for timely intervention. By monitoring nitrate levels and addressing underlying causes, one can prevent severe complications like bladder infections and sepsis. Detecting and treating high nitrate levels early on is crucial for overall health and well-being. The Science Behind Nitrates in Urine Nitrates in urine originate from the breakdown of dietary nitrates. Certain bacteria can convert these nitrates into nitrites, which may indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). The presence of nitrogen in urine is also linked to the production of nitric oxide in the body. Measuring the levels of nitrates in urine can offer valuable insights into kidney function. Understanding the science behind nitrates in urine is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The Causes of Nitrates in Urine Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of nitrates in urine, as bacteria in the urinary system can convert urinary nitrates into nitrites. Certain medications and supplements can also increase levels of nitrates in urine. Dehydration can result in concentrated urine, leading to higher nitrate levels. Poor hygiene practices can introduce bacteria that convert urinary nitrates into nitrites. Underlying medical conditions like kidney disease can contribute to the presence of nitrates in urine. By addressing these causes, it is possible to reduce or eliminate nitrates in urine and promote urinary tract health. Conditions That Can Lead to High Nitrate Levels in Urine Conditions That Can Lead to High Nitrate Levels in Urine can vary and have several underlying causes. One of the causes is chronic kidney disease, which disrupts the body's ability to properly excrete nitrates in urine. Inflammation of the urinary system can also increase nitrate levels in urine. Another potential cause is urinary tract obstructions or blockages, which can lead to the accumulation of nitrates. Certain medications, like diuretics, may affect nitrate levels in urine. Additionally, the use of a microscope can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disorders that can result in higher than normal nitrate levels in urine. Understanding these conditions is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing the Symptoms of High Nitrates in Urine Frequent urination and urgency are common UTI symptoms and can also be symptoms of elevated nitrate levels in urine. Discoloration or an unusual odor of urine can also indicate high nitrates. Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen may be present, along with fatigue and weakness. Additionally, itchy or irritated genital areas can be a sign of increased nitrates. These symptoms should not be ignored, as high nitrate levels in urine can be indicative of underlying health issues. It is important to seek medical care if you experience any of these symptoms. Common Signs and Unusual Symptoms Increased urination, particularly at night, can indicate elevated nitrates in urine. Cloudy or foamy urine is a common sign of high nitrate levels. Hematuria, or blood in urine, may occur due to nitrates. A foul odor in urine could be a symptom too. Unusual symptoms include unexplained weight loss and changes in appetite. Recognizing these signs and symptoms is crucial in identifying high nitrate levels, which can have severe complications if left untreated. When Should You Get Urinalysis Done For Nitrites? Urinalysis is a useful diagnostic tool that can detect the presence of nitrites in urine. Nitrites are often an indication of a bacterial infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). It is recommended to get a urinalysis done if you experience symptoms like frequent urination, painful urination, or cloudy urine. Pregnant women should also get urinalysis done regularly, as they are more susceptible to UTIs. Additionally, individuals with a history of UTIs or kidney problems should consider getting regular urinalysis done to monitor their health status. Early detection and treatment of urinary tract infections can prevent complications and improve overall health outcomes. How is the Presence of Nitrates in Urine Diagnosed? The presence of nitrates in urine is typically diagnosed through a urinalysis test. A dipstick test can detect nitrites, indicating potential nitrates. Urine culture tests may be done to identify the specific bacteria causing nitrate production. Additional diagnostic procedures may be conducted to evaluate the underlying cause. Diagnostic Procedures and What They Entail Diagnostic procedures for assessing nitrates in urine involve various tests. A urine dipstick test, for instance, checks for the presence of nitrites by dipping a test strip into a urine sample. Another procedure is a urine culture test, which requires collecting a sterile urine sample in a sterile container to identify bacterial growth and determine the specific type of bacteria present. Blood tests assess kidney function and overall health, while imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans evaluate the urinary system. In some cases, consultation with a urologist or nephrologist may be necessary for further evaluation. Interpreting Your Test Results Interpreting Your Test Results: A positive outcome from a nitrite test is an indication of the presence of nitrates in urine, a condition known as nitrituria. When nitrate levels are elevated, it may suggest a urinary tract infection or bacterial contamination. However, it is important to note that a negative result on a nitrite test does not necessarily rule out the possibility of nitrates in urine. Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial for the accurate interpretation of test results. Additionally, urine culture results can provide valuable information about the specific type of bacteria causing nitrate production. What Does a Positive Test Result Mean? A positive test result indicates the presence of nitrates in urine, which may suggest a urinary tract infection (UTI). It is important to consider other symptoms and diagnostic findings to determine the appropriate course of action. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection, with follow-up tests to monitor effectiveness. Seeking guidance from a healthcare provider is crucial for proper management and potential prevention of complications. Can Nitrates in Urine Lead to Complications? Nitrates in urine can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria, and increasing levels may suggest a more severe infection or kidney-related complications. Nitrites in urine are a common indicator of a bacterial infection in the urinary tract. High nitrate levels may cause inflammation and damage to the urinary system. Preventive Measures and Treatment Options Drinking an ample amount of water aids in the elimination of bacteria and the reduction of nitrate levels in urine. Antibiotics, such as a course of antibiotics, are commonly prescribed to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) and decrease nitrite levels in urine. A urinalysis test can detect the presence of nitrates in urine, leading to appropriate treatment measures. Maintaining proper hygiene, particularly in the genital area, helps prevent UTIs and lowers nitrite levels in urine. It is essential to follow a healthcare provider's antibiotic regimen to effectively treat and eliminate nitrates from urine. When Should You Be Concerned About Nitrates in Urine? If you experience symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) or have a medical history of kidney disease or urinary tract issues, it is important to be concerned about nitrates in urine. Positive nitrite results may indicate a bacterial UTI, while persistent or recurrent presence of nitrates despite treatment requires further investigation. Seek medical advice for concerning symptoms. Frequently Asked Questions Are nitrates in urine serious? Nitrates in urine can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) or underlying health issues, such as kidney infections. If left untreated, UTIs can lead to complications and higher mortality. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience painful urination or frequent urges to urinate. Treatment involves antibiotics and lifestyle changes for prevention. Does positive nitrites always mean UTI? A positive nitrite test in urine indicates the presence of bacteria, but it doesn't always mean a UTI. Conditions like kidney stones or bladder cancer can also cause positive nitrites. Further testing is necessary to determine the underlying cause. What bacteria cause nitrites in urine? Certain bacteria, like E. coli, are responsible for the presence of nitrites in urine. These bacteria convert nitrates into nitrites during their metabolic process. A positive nitrite test may indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI), which usually requires treatment with antibiotics. How do you get rid of nitrates in urine naturally? To naturally reduce nitrates in urine, increase your water intake to flush out toxins, incorporate antioxidant-rich foods like berries and leafy greens into your diet, limit consumption of processed meats and certain vegetables high in nitrates, and consider supplements like vitamin C or probiotics. What Do High Nitrate Levels in Urine Mean? High nitrate levels in urine may indicate a UTI, dehydration, kidney disease, or certain medications. Symptoms of a UTI include pain/burning during urination, frequent urination, and cloudy/strong-smelling urine. Consult a healthcare provider if you suspect a UTI or experience concerning symptoms. What are leukocytes and nitrites, and how do they factor into a UTI diagnosis? Leukocytes and nitrites play a crucial role in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Leukocytes, which are white blood cells, indicate inflammation in the urinary tract. On the other hand, nitrates—which bacteria in the urine produce—indicate the presence of an infection. A positive result for both leukocytes and nitrites on a urine test is typically indicative of a UTI. What are the causes of high levels of nitrates in urine? Potential Causes of Elevated Nitrate Levels in Urine - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of high nitrate levels. - Consumption of certain foods like beets or spinach can temporarily increase nitrate levels. - Exposure to fertilizers or chemicals can lead to elevated nitrate levels. - In some cases, high nitrate levels may indicate a more serious underlying medical condition. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and diagnosis. What are the symptoms of having high levels of nitrates in urine? Signs of elevated nitrate levels in urine may manifest as dark yellow or brown urine, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Individuals with underlying health conditions may experience more pronounced symptoms. Consumption of foods high in nitrates or exposure to environmental pollutants can contribute to high nitrate levels. Consult a healthcare professional if you have concerns or experience these symptoms. How can I lower my nitrate levels naturally? Lowering nitrate levels naturally can be achieved by incorporating certain dietary changes. Increase your consumption of antioxidant-rich foods like berries and leafy greens. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water to flush out nitrates. Include nitric oxide-rich foods, such as beets, in your diet. Limit processed meats and foods high in nitrates. Are there any foods or drinks that increase nitrate levels in urine? Certain foods and drinks can increase nitrate levels in urine. Examples include spinach, beets, celery, processed meats like bacon and hot dogs, as well as drinking water high in nitrate content. A balanced diet and staying hydrated with healthy fluids can help regulate nitrate levels. How often should I get my nitrate levels checked if I have a history of high levels? If you have a history of high nitrate levels, it is recommended to get your levels checked every 6 months. Your healthcare provider may suggest more frequent testing if your levels remain consistently high or if you have other health conditions. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet can help lower nitrate levels. Discuss any concerns with your doctor and follow their recommendations for monitoring nitrate levels. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to be aware of the presence of nitrates in urine and understand their potential causes and symptoms. Regular monitoring and timely diagnosis can help prevent complications and ensure proper treatment. If you notice any unusual symptoms or consistently high nitrate levels in your urine, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation. They can provide guidance on preventive measures and recommend appropriate treatment options to address the underlying cause. Remember, early intervention and proactive management are key to maintaining good urinary health. DISCOUNTEDLABS.COM IS A GREAT PLACE TO GET AN AFFORDABLE URINALYSIS TEST.   References:   Nitrites in Urine: What Are They and What Do They Mean? What Is Nitrite? When to Test for Nitrites in the Urine Nitrites in Urine Nitrites in Urine: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Nitrite-Positive Urine Nitrites in Urine Nitrates in Urine Nitrites in Urine What Is a Urinalysis? Health Effects of Nitrate and Nitrite

The bun/creatinine ratio helps to check how your kidneys are working. It looks at the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in your blood. A high bun creatinine ratio may show that you are dehydrated or have kidney disease. A low ratio might mean that you have liver disease or are not getting enough nutrition. BUN Creatinine Ratio and Kidney Health The health of our kidneys is very important for our overall well-being. Healthcare providers use several tests to check how well our kidneys work. One of these tests is the BUN creatinine ratio test. This test is an important marker for kidney health. In this blog, we will explore why the BUN creatinine ratio matters, how it works in the body, and what it means for kidney health. Understanding BUN/Creatinine Ratio The BUN creatinine ratio test is key for kidney health. This test checks the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Both are waste products that the body makes. By looking at this ratio, healthcare providers can evaluate kidney function. They can also identify any problems with the kidneys. Role of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in the Body BUN, which stands for blood urea nitrogen, is a waste product made when our body breaks down protein. The liver produces BUN, and the kidneys help remove it through urine. High BUN levels may suggest kidney disease or damage since kidneys are meant to filter urea nitrogen from the blood. A BUN test measures how much urea nitrogen is in the blood. This test is a common way to check kidney function. What you eat can affect BUN levels. A high protein intake can raise BUN levels, while eating less protein may lower them. Because of this, healthcare providers consider protein intake when they review BUN levels. Role of Creatinine in the Body Creatinine is a waste product made when muscles use energy. It forms at a steady pace from creatine, which is used during muscle movement. The kidneys are the only organs that remove creatinine from the body. This means that the levels of creatinine can show how well the kidneys are functioning. If creatinine levels are high, it may indicate kidney damage or disease because the kidneys should filter out creatinine from the blood. Monitoring creatinine levels is important. It helps healthcare providers assess kidney function and spot any kidney-related issues. What does the BUN/creatinine ratio indicate? The BUN to creatinine ratio is important for understanding kidney health. This ratio helps doctors check how well the kidneys are working. It can find kidney disease and identify urinary tract blockages. If the ratio is not in the normal range, it may suggest kidney damage, renal failure, or issues with urea nitrogen metabolism. It could also indicate congestive heart failure. By looking at the BUN creatinine ratio, doctors can tell if the kidneys filter waste properly and maintain good kidney function. This test is useful for measuring glomerular filtration rate, which shows how well the kidneys remove waste from the blood. Significance of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Test The BUN creatinine ratio test is an important tool for checking kidney health. It helps doctors find signs of kidney damage. It also helps monitor kidney disease and detect any blockages in the urinary system. Let’s look at when this test is recommended, how it is performed, and what the results mean. When is the test recommended? The BUN creatinine ratio test checks your kidney health. Doctors use this test to see how well your kidneys work. It can also find kidney disease or damage, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Healthcare providers often recommend this test if they suspect a kidney issue. It is also part of regular check-ups or to see if treatments, like dialysis, are helping. How is the test performed? The BUN creatinine ratio test is a simple blood test. A doctor or nurse takes blood from a vein in your arm. They send the blood sample to a lab in Boston for testing. In the lab, they look at the levels of BUN and serum creatinine. The test results help healthcare providers see how well your kidneys are working and assess kidney health. Interpreting BUN/Creatinine Ratio Test Results Understanding the normal creatinine BUN creatinine ratio test results is essential for doctors to check kidney health. When the results are normal, between 6 to 24 mg/dL in the US or 2.1 to 8.5 mmol/L in other regions, it shows the kidneys are healthy and working well. If the results are outside this range, it could indicate that the kidneys are damaged or not functioning correctly with urea nitrogen. Healthcare providers look at this ratio to see if the kidneys filter waste properly and keep urea nitrogen levels normal in mg/dL. If the ratio does not meet the normal range, doctors may need to perform more tests to find any kidney health issues. The CMP panel includes the BUN/Creatinine Ratio. You can get your own CMP without seeing a doctor. Just locate a lab close to you to have it done. Implications of High and Low BUN/Creatinine Ratio Understanding the BUN creatinine ratio is key for checking your kidney health. A low or high ratio can show different things about your health. Let’s explore what a low or high ratio means and what health conditions could be related to these changes. What does it mean if you have a low BUN/creatinine ratio? A low BUN-creatinine ratio can show several health problems. This can include malnutrition or poor liver function. When someone is malnourished, they eat less protein. This causes lower urea nitrogen levels and a low ratio. A liver that does not work well can also affect how the body handles protein. This leads to less urea nitrogen, which shows a low ratio. It is important to know about the BUN-creatinine ratio. It helps us check kidney health and identify possible health issues. What does it mean if you have a high BUN/creatinine ratio? A high BUN-creatinine ratio can point to several health problems. These problems could be dehydration, kidney disease, urinary tract obstruction, renal failure, or liver disease. When you are dehydrated, your levels of urea nitrogen can increase. This rise changes the ratio and affects blood flow. Kidney disease, urinary tract obstruction, renal failure, and liver diseases, like acute renal failure, can also lead to high urea nitrogen levels. This causes the BUN-creatinine ratio to go up. Symptoms Associated with Altered BUN/Creatinine Ratio Changes in the BUN creatinine ratio can show different signs. These signs can give us more about kidney health. Let's look at the symptoms that come with high and low BUN levels. This can help us find possible kidney health issues. Symptoms of High BUN Level High levels of BUN can lead to several symptoms. You may feel very thirsty, tired, or notice changes in your urine. You might feel itchy, have muscle cramps, or struggle to focus. Other signs may include dehydration, nausea, lack of appetite, pale skin, confusion, and swelling in your hands and feet. In severe cases, high BUN levels can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and high blood pressure. Symptoms of Low BUN Level Low levels of BUN can lead to several issues. These problems may include feeling tired and weak in your muscles. You might also notice low blood pressure. Additionally, there can be liver damage, bad nutrition, and muscle loss. Some people may have diarrhea or feel sick to their stomach. Not getting enough protein can slow down healing from wounds and cause an irregular heartbeat. It can also affect kidney function, which may result in cramps, seizures, and anemia. Factors Affecting BUN/Creatinine Ratio Many things can change the BUN creatinine ratio. What you eat, how you live, and your overall health all play a part. Let’s see how these factors affect the ratio and kidney health. Diet and BUN/Creatinine Ratio Diet plays a big role in kidney health. It can change the BUN creatinine ratio. Eating a lot of protein, from foods like meat, fish, and dairy, can increase BUN levels. This affects the ratio. Low-carb diets can also lead to more protein breakdown. This increase urea nitrogen levels and impacts the ratio, too. A diet that is low in protein and high in carbohydrates might help lower the BUN creatinine ratio. Lifestyle and BUN/Creatinine Ratio Lifestyle choices, like exercising often, can impact muscle mass. This, in turn, can change BUN levels and their ratio. Staying hydrated by drinking enough water is important. Good hydration helps control BUN levels, which supports the ratio. However, drinking too much alcohol can increase BUN levels. This affects the ratio and harms kidney health. Other Health Conditions and BUN/Creatinine Ratio Many health issues can impact the BUN creatinine ratio. Liver disease, heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic kidney disease, urinary obstruction, and renal failure can all alter urea nitrogen levels. Medications and dehydration can also affect this. These factors can change the ratio and affect the health of your kidneys. Strategies to Maintain Healthy BUN/Creatinine Ratio Maintaining a healthy BUN-creatinine ratio is key for good kidney health. Here are some tips to help you keep this ratio right and support your kidney function. Dietary Adjustments for Healthy Kidney Function To keep your kidneys healthy, eat foods that are low in protein, potassium, and phosphorus. This will help maintain a good BUN-creatinine ratio. Cut down on sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. This can help your kidneys work better. High amounts of these minerals can put stress on your kidneys and may lead to kidney stones. Balancing how much protein and potassium you eat, as well as the amount of fluid you drink, is important for good kidney function. A kidney-friendly diet, monitoring your blood pressure, and drinking enough water are essential for kidney health. It is helpful to speak with healthcare providers and dietitians about dietary changes to support your kidney function. Importance of Regular Check-Ups Regular check-ups are very important. They help monitor kidney function and general health. This is especially true for people with long-term conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. These visits allow healthcare providers to catch early signs of kidney problems or other health issues. It is important to regularly check the BUN creatinine ratio. Blood tests like the comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) or basic metabolic panel (BMP) can do this. These tests measure urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Finding kidney health issues early can help prevent kidney damage. It also helps support overall kidney health. FAQ: Managing BUN/Creatinine Ratio Managing the creatinine ratio is key for keeping your kidneys in good shape. Many people wonder how to keep this ratio balanced. Here are some answers to common questions about managing the ratio and supporting overall kidney health. How can one maintain a healthy BUN/creatinine ratio? Maintaining a good ratio is important. There are several strategies to do this. You should take care of kidney function and make good lifestyle choices. A diet change can help too. Regular exercise is beneficial. Eating less sodium and balancing protein intake can help keep the BUN creatinine ratio stable. This supports waste excretion and promotes kidney health. It is also important to not eat too much protein and to stay hydrated. Regular check-ups with a doctor about kidney health are essential for keeping a good ratio. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to watch your BUN/creatinine ratio for good kidney health. This test helps you see how well your kidneys are working and can find any problems. Knowing what the BUN/creatinine ratio means is key. It allows for early detection and support. If you notice any changes in your BUN/creatinine ratio, or feel worried about your kidney health, always talk to your healthcare professional. A healthy lifestyle, including a good diet and regular health check-ups, can help you maintain a good BUN/creatinine ratio. This also supports your kidney function. Taking care of your kidney health is a great way to improve your overall well-being. Sources Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Test for blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Mayo Clinic. 1 Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Test for creatinine. Mayo Clinic. 2 SelfDecode Labs. (2022, December 15). BUN/Creatinine Ratio: Levels that are high & low + normal range. SelfDecode Labs. 3

Understanding the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Test What is Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - CMP Test? Did you know that you can find information about 14 different blood tests in your body using a simple and economical blood test panel called Comp Metabolic or CMP? That’s what a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) does. This panel is an expanded version of the basic metabolic panel and it checks the levels of various substances in the bloodstream, such as glucose, calcium, sodium, liver enzymes, creatinine, and others. Why would you need to do a CMP blood test panel? Physicians order this lab test panel because they want to know more about the health of your various organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and kidneys, or whether their bodies are maintaining proper electrolyte balance. Electrolytes are positively or negatively charged molecules (ions) that play important roles in cellular activity and heart and nerve function. Normally, electrolyte levels are regulated by the kidneys, and any excess is excreted in the urine. Most healthy people can get all the electrolytes and other minerals they need by eating a balanced diet. Electrolyte imbalances may be a sign of malnutrition, kidney issues, or dehydration (which can result from persistent vomiting or diarrhea). Such imbalances, which can affect the pH balance of the blood, are not uncommon in people with acute or chronic illnesses. Liver function tests, also known as the hepatic panel, are laboratory tests that help measure how well the liver is working. The liver carries out many vital bodily functions; when it is not working properly, levels of various enzymes, proteins, and other substances in the blood may rise or fall. Increased liver enzyme levels may be a sign of liver damage from conditions like viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption, or drug toxicity. One important enzyme that is measured in a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) test is alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which is primarily found in the liver. A CMP may also be ordered by your healthcare provider to evaluate liver and kidney function, as well as nutrient levels, to get a more complete picture of your overall health and/or to help diagnose or monitor liver disease or other specific conditions, as indicated by abnormal CMP test results. Keep reading this article to find out more about the comprehensive metabolic panel and how it can benefit you. What Are the Substances Tested by the Complete Metabolic Panel? The difference between a CMP test and a basic metabolic panel is that the comprehensive one includes liver tests as well. Here are the 14 substances tested by the CMP lab: 1. Sodium Sodium is a vital electrolyte in the bloodstream and is useful for a wide variety of bodily functions. You get sodium in your body by eating salty food products. Sodium is usually excreted through sweating. This substance needs to be present in adequate amounts in the bloodstream. Otherwise, health issues might occur. For example, too much sodium in the body can make the blood more acidic. As a result, a wide variety of health conditions can appear, such as heart problems, digestive issues, etc. Too little sodium in the body can lead to lethargy and confusion, especially in seniors. Sodium retention can cause edema and bloating. 2. Potassium Potassium is another vital electrolyte in the human body. It helps to regulate muscle contractions and maintain a healthy nervous system. Similar to sodium, potassium can also be eliminated through sweating. You can get more potassium in your body by eating beans, bananas, and spinach. If you don’t have enough potassium in the bloodstream, then different symptoms can occur, such as muscle aches, fatigue, confusion, mood changes, and even breathing difficulties. When kidneys fail, they cannot remove excess potassium from the body. This allows the extra potassium to build up and cause problems. Having high levels of potassium in the blood is called hyperkalemia, which is common in people with advanced CKD. High-potassium levels usually develop gradually. Too much potassium in your blood can lead to dangerous, and possibly deadly, changes in heart rhythm. 3. Chloride This electrolyte is also essential in the human body because it maintains adequate levels of fluids inside and outside of cells. It performs other functions such as keeping the blood pressure in normal ranges, balance pH levels, etc. People who have a deficiency in chloride usually experience specific symptoms such as headaches and fatigue. They can also get dehydrated and lose fluids through diarrhea and vomiting. A lot of chlorides can be lost through sweating as well. 4. Carbon Dioxide You have heard of carbon dioxide before, and you know that's an important element in respiration. Pure carbon cannot be stored or transported in the bloodstream, so the body creates carbon dioxide, which is water-soluble. This substance is necessary to inform the body when the oxygen levels are low. When there is too little carbon dioxide in tissues and blood, this can signify certain health problems such as kidney disease, acidosis, etc. When too much carbon dioxide is present in the body, it can damage the internal organs and cause a wide variety of health complications. 5. Albumin Albumin is one of the most essential proteins in the human body. Its main function is to regulate blood pressure. This substance binds to other hormones such as bilirubin, thyroxine, and others. Too little albumin in the body can signify malnutrition, heart failure, or a different type of serious health problem. Symptoms include fatigue, appetite changes, and a rapid heartbeat. Too much albumin can be a sign of kidney damage or a different issue. High albumin levels might be caused by acute infections or burns. 6. Alkaline Phosphatase This substance is responsible for breaking down proteins in the human body. It plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of bones. Having abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase in the bloodstream can be linked to bone disorders and even liver problems. That’s why it’s essential to do a comprehensive metabolic panel test to verify the levels of this hormone in your body. 7. Bilirubin The comprehensive metabolic panel also tests for bilirubin, a substance that helps to remove waste products from the system and is responsible for breaking down heme in all vertebrates. It is produced when old red blood cells are broken down and processed by the liver. Bilirubin levels in the blood can indicate how well the liver is functioning and the health of your blood vessels and immune system. A deficiency of bilirubin can signify liver problems. People who have severe liver issues tend to develop jaundice, which is characterized by a yellowing of the eyes and skin. This happens because bilirubin is yellow and tends to float around in the bloodstream, causing jaundice and other medical problems. Having too much bilirubin is also a bad thing because it leads to the development of gallstones. A liver that produces too much cholesterol can be the cause of too much bilirubin. 8. Aspartate Transaminase Aspartate Transaminase is also known as Aspartate aminotransferase. This enzyme is important when it comes to the metabolism of amino acids, and it can be a good indicator of your liver’s health. Your liver is primarily responsible for producing the enzyme that the comprehensive metabolic panel tested, but other organs also produce small amounts of AST. Having too much or too little AST can signify problems with your liver, especially when this is accompanied by other symptoms such as tiredness, jaundice, dark-colored urine, bruises, etc. 9. Alanine Transaminase The liver produces an enzyme known as alanine transaminase, which is the "brother" of aspartate transaminase. It too plays an important role in the metabolism of amino acids. In healthy individuals, the amount of ALT in the bloodstream is low. If these levels are elevated, they can indicate liver disease. Very high levels of ALT in the bloodstream (usually ten times more than normal) can also indicate hepatitis, serious liver damage, congestive heart failure, or diabetes. People might experience high levels of ALT as a result of various underlying causes, such as muscle disease, taking certain drugs, etc. 10. Blood Urea Nitrogen This substance is measured to determine the health of your kidneys. Your kidneys' filtering of the blood results in the waste product urea nitrogen. This substance is eliminated from the body through urine. Healthy levels of blood urea nitrogen are between 7 and 21 mg/dL. Having higher than normal urea nitrogen levels can signify a problem with your kidneys, which needs to be investigated as soon as possible. Symptoms of having too much urea nitrogen in the bloodstream include nausea, vomiting, confusion, high blood pressure, and acidosis. 11. Total Protein The amount of protein in your body is also important to measure. Protein is responsible with a wide variety of bodily functions and processes, including building cells, repairing muscle tissue, transporting hemoglobin, etc. Although it's rare for people nowadays to have a protein deficiency, this can be an issue which results in muscle wasting. This process involves breaking down muscle tissue until the health of the individual is seriously deteriorates. Having too much protein in the bloodstream is also quite unusual, and it can cause indigestion, abdominal discomfort, bloating, and other similar issues. Protein is taken from foods and beverages, and its typical ranges vary from individual to individual. Active people require more protein to repair their muscles and maintain muscle tone. Sedentary people might have smaller protein requirements. The total protein in the body indicates the overall health and wellbeing of the patient. 12. Calcium Calcium is another important element in your body. It's responsible for numerous functions and processes, including maintaining proper bone density and teeth health. Calcium can be taken mostly from dairy products as well as certain foods such as beans, spinach, and almonds. Having too little calcium in your bloodstream can predispose you to different bone disorders, including osteoporosis. The health of your teeth will also be affected. Having too much calcium is not a good thing, either. High levels of calcium in the bloodstream can cause kidney stones, brittle bones, and a multitude of other health complications. 13. Creatinine Creatinine results from the breakdown of muscle tissue. The kidneys filter this substance, and urine regularly eliminates it. The amount of creatinine in the body is a good indicator of the health of your kidneys. Many metabolic panels also include an eGFR test along with the creatinine test. eGFR stands for estimated glomerular filtration rate, and it’s another test for renal function. Having too much creatinine in the bloodstream might indicate that your kidneys are not very efficient at filtering it, which can indicate a renal problem. Additionally, abnormal BMP results, including high levels of creatinine, can also indicate conditions such as kidney disease, breathing problems, and complications related to diabetes. If any of these results are abnormal, further testing may be necessary to confirm or rule out a specific diagnosis. eGFR over 60 is recommended. 14. Glucose The last substance tested in the CMP lab is glucose, otherwise known as blood sugar. Anything you eat or drink is converted into glucose in the bloodstream, whether it’s iceberg salad or a burger. The brain primarily uses glucose for proper function, but cells also use it as an energy source. When too much glucose is detected in the blood, the pancreas secretes insulin to open up the cells and absorb some of this glucose. When the pancreas doesn't secrete enough insulin or the cells become resistant to it, diabetes can develop. Having too much glucose in the blood regularly is not a good thing and that's why you should test its levels regularly. Too little glucose is also detrimental to your health. Remember that glucose is used as a form of energy, so having low blood sugar levels predisposes you to rapid heartbeats, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. CMP Test FAQ Now that you know what a CMP panel contains, let’s find out some answers to some of the questions you might have about it. 1. How Can I Do the CMP Panel Test? The test is done using a single blood sample. You go to a clinic and draw blood, which will be analyzed in a medical laboratory. The doctors will perform the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Procedure, using a small needle, to take a blood sample from a vein in your arm. They’ll collect the blood in test tubes or vials. You may feel a little sting or slight pain when they put the needle in or pull it out, and a small amount of blood will be collected for testing. A trained health care professional performs this quick and straightforward procedure, which typically takes less than five minutes. You get the results back in a few business days, and you can compare them against standard reference values. 2. Is the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Test Painful? In most cases, it's not, but it depends on whether you have a fear of needles or not. Today's doctors are very efficient at drawing blood, so you might not even feel the sting when the needle enters your vein. 3. What If Some Variables or Enzymes Are Out of Normal Ranges? Once the results are back and you see that some substances are off the charts, you can go to your healthcare provider for recommendations. If you have high glucose levels, your doctor might recommend starting an exercise regimen, as this is known to increase insulin sensitivity and prevent diabetes. If your calcium levels are low, you might need to eat more dairy products. If your sodium levels are high, you might want to avoid salty foods. These recommendations are based on the specific results of each, so there’s no one-size-fits-all here. 4. Do I Need to Fast Before Doing the Test? Yes, fasting is mandatory. You should avoid eating and drinking anything else but water for 10–12 hours before doing this test. Fasting is necessary to let the hormonal values return to baseline, so the diagnosis is more accurate. 5. Why Should I Do This Test? It’s important to do the test to get a broad overview of the hormones and enzymes in your body. If some substances are not in the comprehensive metabolic panel blood test normal ranges, you can take action and prevent more serious health complications related to a medical condition, such as maintaining proper fluid balance. Plus, the test is affordable, quick, and easy to do, making it a convenient way to check for any imbalances in your body's different substances. So why not take advantage of it? 6. How Can I Read and Interpret My Results? The comprehensive metabolic panel normal ranges are published on the internet, and you can find them with a simple Google search. You can also ask your doctor to interpret the results for you, as well as check out this interesting CMP guide on reading your comp metabolic panel. Ready to Take the Test? The comp metabolic panel provides one of the best ways to take control of your health. You can order the CMP test online from DiscountedLabs.com and find out how healthy you are in just a few business days, so why not give it a try?  

Table of Contents What Tests Are Included in the CMP? What Are the Consequences of High or Low CMP Lab Test Values? Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) Low AST or SGPT Albumin Normal albumin values When albumin is very low: Alkaline phosphatase ALP (Adults) ALP Normal values High ALP Low ALP Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) AST or SGOT normal levels High AST or SGOT   Bilirubin, direct Bilirubin normal values High direct albumin Low direct bilirubin   Bilirubin, total Total bilirubin normal values High total bilirubin   Calcium Calcium normal values High calcium Low calcium   Carbon dioxide, total High carbon dioxide Low carbon dioxide   Chloride High Chloride Low Chloride Creatinine Creatinine normal levels High creatinine Low creatinine Glucose normal values High glucose Low glucose Potassium Potassium normal values Low Potassium High Potassium Sodium Sodium normal values High sodium Low sodium What Tests Are Included in the CMP?   The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a broad screening tool includes 14 tests that evaluate your liver, kidneys, and more to provide a picture of your overall health. The panel looks at your organ function, electrolytes, blood sugar, and blood proteins. Along with the CBC and lipid panels, CMP is the most commonly ordered lab test panel when you go to see your doctor for an annual physical exam. The CMP includes tests for: • Liver function (ALP, ALT, AST, Bilirubin) • Kidney function (BUN, Creatinine) • Electrolytes and fluid balance (Sodium, Potassium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride) • Proteins (Albumin, Total Protein) • Blood sugar (Glucose) • Calcium   What Are the Consequences of High or Low CMP Lab Test Values?   We will now explain the potential causes for high or low blood levels of these variables so that  you can discuss them with your physician.   Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) Included in the CMP panel ALT normal values are: 10-55 U/liter for males 10-55 U/liter for females Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme made by your liver. ALT is important to test to determine whether your liver is performing at its best. High ALT or SGPT The liver cells might be seriously damaged, to the point of necrosis It might be a sign of extensive trauma to the liver, left heart failure, cirrhosis, or jaundice Might also be a sign of muscular dystrophy, fatty liver, myocardial infarction, and liver tumors Low AST or SGPT Low values of ALT indicate pyridoxal phosphate deficiency that can result in various health complications including epilepsy   Albumin Included in the CMP panel Normal albumin values 3.1-4.3 g/dl for men and women Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver and can be an indicator of the liver’s synthetic ability. However, because it has a long half-life of 20-30 days, and levels often remain normal even in acute disease, it is not always useful in assessing acute hepatic injury. Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the human body. It helps to carry nutrients to various tissues and it prevents blood vessels from leaking fluids. When albumin is very low: This is a sign of acute or chronic inflammation Decreased albumin levels can occur in chronic diseases such as cirrhosis, cancer and malnutrition. Albumin levels might drop if the liver has problems synthesizing this protein properly, so it might indicate liver damage The transportation of bile acids and metal ions might be affected if the albumin levels get too low   Alkaline phosphatase ALP (Adults) Included in the CMP panel Alkaline phosphatase is also known as ALP and it is found in different tissues in the body. This enzyme is mostly present in the bones and liver. It plays a vital role in bone formation and mineralization. ALP Normal values 45-115 U/liter for males 30-100 U/liter for females High ALP It might be a sign of biliary obstruction or liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis Sign of bone disorder or even renal problems In some cases, it might indicate thyroid issues Low ALP It might signify nutritional deficiencies such as a lack of vitamin B12, magnesium or zinc Might be caused by severe anemia   Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) Included in the CMP panel AST or SGOT normal levels 10-40 U/liter for men 9-25 U/liter for women Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme found in most tissues in the human body, particularly in the liver and the heart. It has multiple functions in the human body and abnormal levels usually indicate a liver problem. High AST or SGOT This could be a sign of liver cell necrosis or obstructive jaundice It might also signify hepatitis or a liver problem caused by drugs and medications Since this enzyme is found in the muscles, it might be a sign of skeletal muscle, inflammatory disease or even heart failure. Excessive exercise can raise it. Normally, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase should be low. Problems appear when these levels get very high due to organ failure or inflammation.   Bilirubin, direct Included in the CMP panel Bilirubin normal values 0-0.4 mg/dl for men and women Bilirubin is a yellow substance involved in the process of cleaning organic waste from the body such as dead red blood cells, etc. It is excreted in the bile and urine and it consists of direct and total bilirubin. When doing a blood test, your results might indicate the levels of direct and total bilirubin as both of these are important to diagnose certain diseases. High direct albumin It might signify a biliary tree obstruction, cholestasis, and damage to the hepatic cells The patient might have the Dubin-Johnson syndrome which is characterized by an increase of direct bilirubin in the liver Low direct bilirubin Low levels of direct bilirubin are usually not a cause of concern. These levels might be temporarily lowered by caffeine consumption or barbiturates   Bilirubin, total Total bilirubin normal values 0-1.0 mg/dl for men and women This is the total amount of bilirubin enzymes in your body, including direct and indirect ones. Low levels of total bilirubin are not a problem in most cases. You should see a doctor when these levels are elevated as they can signify different types of damages to your organs. High total bilirubin It might be a sign of neonatal physiological jaundice High levels might be caused by damage to the hepatic cells caused by toxins or inflammation It might be a sign of biliary tree obstruction   Calcium Included in the CMP panel Calcium normal values 5-10.5 mg/dl for men and women Calcium is one of the most important minerals in the body. Calcium is directly involved in the mineralization and growth of bones and it ensures that teeth remain in good condition. High calcium This might be a sign of hyperparathyroidism, bone disorders, malignant disease such as metastatic carcinoma of breast and kidney, etc. Your blood might contain too much vitamin D which leads to intoxication Acromegaly or dehydration Low calcium It might be a sign of hypoparathyroidism or chronic kidney failure Might be caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or magnesium The patient might have acute pancreatitis, anemia or problems with the pituitary gland   Carbon dioxide, total Included in the CMP panel Carbon dioxide normal values 24-30 mmol/liter for men and women Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the food metabolization process. This gas is released into the bloodstream when cells are broken down in simpler substances. The blood full of carbon dioxide returns to the lungs where this gas is eliminated through respiration. High carbon dioxide It might be a sign of respiratory acidosis resulted from a poor gas exchange in the body Can also be caused by metabolic acidosis, especially if it is accompanied by multiple episodes of vomiting Low carbon dioxide It might signify tubular acidosis of the kidneys Might be a sign of loss of alkaline fluids through the intestines or compensated respiratory alkalosis   Chloride Included in the CMP panel Chloride normal values 100-108 mmol/liter for men and women Chloride forms when the element chlorine gains an electron. This is an important electrolyte that helps to maintain cell homeostasis or balance. High Chloride It might be caused by metabolic acidosis, especially when it is accompanied by loss of fluids caused by diarrhea It can also be caused by severe dehydration or a problem with the kidneys such as renal tubular acidosis or acute renal failure Hyperparathyroidism can also cause chloride levels to increase Low Chloride It might be caused by too much vomiting or prolonged episodes of diarrhea Low levels can also be caused by gastric problems such as gastric suction or gastric secretion Excessive sweating or respiratory acidosis can also make the chloride levels drop significantly Adrenal insufficiency may lower chloride blood levels Low blood chloride levels can be caused by drugs such as: These medication types can result in low chloride: Laxatives Diuretics Corticosteroids (long-term treatments) Bicarbonates   Creatinine Included in the CMP panel Creatinine normal levels 6-1.5 mg/dl for men and women Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of kidney health because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. It is eliminated from the body by kidneys through urine. The creatinine test is used to measure creatinine clearance as a way to assess kidney function. Creatinine is one of the variables used to estimate eGFR - Estimated glomerular filtration rate- which is one of the best test to measure your level of kidney function and determine your stage of kidney disease. Your doctor can calculate it from the results of your blood creatinine test, your age, body size and gender. Your GFR tells your doctor your stage of kidney disease and helps the doctor to plan your treatment. If your GFR number is low, your kidneys are not working as well as they should. The earlier kidney disease is detected, the better the chance of slowing or stopping its progression. People with high creatinine (low eGFR) should get a Cystatin C test which may be more accurate in certain cases. Elevated creatinine is not always representative of a true reduction in eGFR. A high reading may be due to increased production of creatinine not due to decreased kidney function, to interference with the assay, or to decreased tubular secretion of creatinine. An increase in serum creatinine can be due to increased ingestion of cooked meat (which contains creatinine converted from creatine by the heat from cooking) or excessive intake of protein and creatine supplements, taken to enhance athletic performance. Intense exercise can increase creatinine by increasing muscle breakdown. Dehydration secondary to an inflammatory process with fever may cause a false increase in creatinine concentrations not related to an actual kidney injury. Several medications can interfere with the assay. Creatinine secretion by the tubules can be blocked by some medications, again increasing measured creatinine. High creatinine Too much creatinine in the body might be a sign of renal failure or kidney dysfunction Hyperthyroidism can also be a cause of too much creatinine building up in the body as well as acromegaly Eating too many meals containing meat can increase the level of creatine and creatinine in the body Taking creatine supplements can falsely increase creatinine blood levels. Certain medications can increase creatinine blood levels, so talk to your doctor. Low creatinine This might be a sign of excessive muscle loss, probably caused by muscular dystrophy It can also be a sign of liver problems or a lack of protein in your diet   Glucose, fasting Glucose normal values 70-110 mg/dl for men and women Glucose is basically the amount of sugar you have in your blood. The entire human body uses glucose as a fuel source, but too much of it can be a real problem. High glucose This might be a sign of diabetes, increased insulin resistance, increased epinephrine, pancreatic disorders or endocrine problems Very high values are commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction, kidney disease or chronic liver disease Low glucose Although rare, low glucose values might be caused by a tumor that makes the pancreas produce too much insulin It might also be a sign of serious liver disease or renal disorders   Potassium Potassium normal values 5-5.2 mmol/L Potassium ions are vital for the functioning of all living cells. The transfer of potassium ions across nerve cell membranes is necessary for normal nerve transmission; potassium deficiency and excess can each result in numerous signs and symptoms, including an abnormal heart rhythm and various electrocardiographic abnormalities. Fresh fruits and vegetables are good dietary sources of potassium. The body responds to the influx of dietary potassium, which raises serum potassium levels, with a shift of potassium from outside to inside cells and an increase in potassium excretion by the kidneys. Low Potassium Hypokalemia (low potassium blood level) always occurs as a result of excessive loss of potassium through the urine, sweat or stool. It is always a symptom of another disorder, rather than a disease that occurs by itself. The excessive excretion of potassium in the urine may result from the use of diuretic drugs (which increases urination), a deficiency of magnesium in the blood, excessive mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone in the blood which affect the electrolyte and fluid balance in the body (usually caused by endocrine diseases), kidney disorders, or from the use of high doses of penicillin. Gastrointestinal losses of potassium usually are due to prolonged diarrhea or vomiting, chronic laxative abuse, inadequate dietary intake of potassium, intestinal obstruction or infections such as fistulas in the intestines which continually drain intestinal fluids. Additionally, excessive perspiration due to hot weather or exercise can cause hypokalemia. Some drugs can keep your kidneys from removing enough potassium. This can cause your potassium levels to rise. High Potassium The symptoms of an elevated potassium level are generally few and nonspecific. Nonspecific symptoms may include feeling tired, numbness and weakness. Occasionally palpitations and shortness of breath may occur. Hyperventilation may indicate a compensatory response to metabolic acidosis, which is one of the possible causes of hyperkalemia (high potassium).   Often, however, the problem is detected during screening blood tests for a medical disorder, or after hospitalization for complications such as cardiac arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. High levels of potassium (> 5.5 mmol/L) have been associated with cardiovascular events. Decreased kidney function is a major cause of hyperkalemia.   Sodium Sodium normal values 135-145 mmol/liter for men and women Sodium is another important electrolyte in the body. It helps to keep the cell fluid balance at normal levels and it performs other important body functions. High sodium This can be a sign of Cushing's syndrome or water loss through the skin Too much sodium might also be a sign of increased renal sodium conservation in hyperaldosteronism Low sodium Also known as hyponatremia, too little sodium in the blood might signify diuretics abuse, salt-losing nephropathy (kidney disease) or excessive sweating Low sodium might also be caused by excessive vomiting or diarrhea A low sodium level has many causes, including consumption of too many fluids, kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and use of diuretics. Symptoms result from brain dysfunction. At first, people become sluggish and confused, and if hyponatremia worsens, they may have muscle twitches and seizures and become progressively unresponsive. Restricting fluids and stopping use of diuretics can help, but severe hyponatremia is an emergency requiring use of drugs, intravenous fluids, or both.    

Table of Contents What is CHD and Why it is Important to Monitor and Treat? What is Chronic Kidney Disease? What Causes Chronic Kidney Disease? What are the Five Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease? What are the Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease? How is Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosed? How to Treat Chronic Kidney Disease? How Fast Does Chronic Kidney Disease Progress? How Can Chronic Kidney Disease be Reversed? Can Chronic Kidney Disease Cause UTI? How Long Can You Live with Chronic Kidney Disease? CMP - Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Aldosterone, Serum Cystatin C with EGFR Blood Test Electrolyte Panel Uric Acid (Serum) Urinalysis Be kind to your kidneys. Get tested today! What is CHD and Why it is Important to Monitor and Treat? Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a much larger health problem in the U.S. than many of you reading this may realize, which is why we’re going to answer all of your burning questions having to do with chronic kidney disease, including the stages, the symptoms, and the treatment options.   According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)[1], the numbers are a little overwhelming:   15 percent of U.S. adults have chronic kidney disease (37 million people) Nine out of 10 adults in the U.S. don’t know they have CKD One out of two adults in the U.S. with very low kidney function who are not already on dialysis don’t know they have chronic kidney disease   What’s the greatest takeaway from these three statistics? People who are at risk of getting CKD are not getting tested for it, which has negative long-term consequences.   Other important facts according to the CDC on chronic kidney disease include:   Chronic kidney disease is more common in people aged 65 years or older (38 percent) than in people aged 45–64 years (13 percent) or 18–44 years (7 percent) Chronic kidney disease is more common in women (15 percent) than men (12 percent) Chronic kidney disease is more common in African Americans (16 percent) than in whites (13 percent) or Asians (12 percent). Around 14 percent of Hispanics have chronic kidney disease   Now that you know the facts and understand the severity of CKD, let’s answer some important questions about the disease.   What is Chronic Kidney Disease?   CKD is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to properly function. The kidneys can become damaged over time and this damage can lead to kidneys that don’t clean/filter a person’s blood as well as they should.   When the kidneys aren’t able to perform their job duties, this creates waste and water buildup in the body. As you might expect, this contributes to other health problems as this waste and water accumulate.   The biggest problem with chronic kidney disease is the lack of symptoms initially, as they tend to be more gradual. We’ll get into some of those symptoms in a minute.   What Causes Chronic Kidney Disease?   The two main causes of chronic kidney disease, according to Kidney.org[2], are diabetes and high blood pressure.   Diabetes occurs when a person’s blood sugar levels are too high. When this happens, the person can experience damage to their organs and blood vessels.   High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the pressure in the walls of the blood vessels increases to dangerous levels. High blood pressure can lead to increase risks of heart attack, stroke, and, of course, chronic kidney disease.   Other causes or risk factors include:   A family history of kidney problems Glomerulonephritis – a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys’ filtering capabilities Polycystic kidney disease – an inherited disorder that causes cysts to develop in the kidneys   What are the Five Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease?   They are five stages of CKD. According to Fresenius Kidney Care[3], these are the characteristics of each stage:   Stage 1 – Kidney damage that still allows for normal kidney function. Stage 2 – Kidney damage with a mild loss of function. Stage 3 – Broken up into two stages, 3a includes mild to moderate loss of kidney function; 3b includes moderate to severe loss of kidney function. Stage 4 – Severe loss of kidney function. Stage 5 – Kidney failure, which will require dialysis and/or a kidney transplant.   What are the Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease?   Unfortunately, the disease process can take years before symptoms are present, and this is true for CKD. Chronic kidney symptoms, according to Kidney.org, include:   Fatigue and loss of energy Difficulty with concentration and focus Lack of appetite Difficulty sleeping Muscle cramping at night Swelling in feet and/or ankles Puffiness around the eyes Itchy, dry skin Frequent urination, especially at night   Please remember, these symptoms can take years to develop. By the time you experience symptoms, you could be further along in the disease process than you might imagine. Symptoms for CKD don’t show up quickly like email. They take their time, like Pony Express.   How is Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosed?   Diagnosis of CKD is done using a combination of the following:   A thorough medical history A physical examination A urine dipstick test – measures pathological changes to a person’s urine Blood testing, like measuring a person’s serum creatine level   There is some dispute today whether the creatinine test is really the best option, as the Cystatin C test may be better for muscular men.   Anyone who has the risk factors for chronic kidney disease should get tested and this includes older Americans who may not have diabetes or high blood pressure and those individuals in a higher-risk population, like African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans.   How to Treat Chronic Kidney Disease?   Chronic kidney disease treatment is more disease management than anything else since the damage cannot be fixed, according to The American Kidney Fund.[4]   For this reason, it’s important to stop the damage from getting worse. To this end, there are several treatment protocols that The American Kidney Fund recommends:   Stabilize your blood sugar, especially if you have diabetes Maintain a healthy blood pressure Eat a healthy diet – low salt, low fat Exercise at least 30 minutes each day or engage in other physical activities Maintain a healthy weight for your body type and height Do not smoke or use tobacco products Limit your alcohol consumption Ask your doctor what medications may help control your CKD   The point worth remembering is this: You can catch CKD early and make the positive changes listed above or let your kidneys eventually fail. For this reason, prevention is always going to trump treatment, and this is very true when it comes to chronic kidney disease.   If you’re interested in preventing chronic kidney disease, simply follow those recommendations above before CKD develops.   How Fast Does Chronic Kidney Disease Progress?   As you’ve learned already, chronic kidney disease can take years to develop before symptoms are present. However, according to Randy Chen, MD[5], a practicing nephrologist with San Mateo County, the progression of CKD depends on other factors.   Both the cause of your chronic kidney disease and your current stage are important. The results of your blood tests – which can help your doctor determine the trends in your kidney health – are equally important. And finally, Chen points out that while the progression can be slow, those in poorer health will experience faster progression of CKD.   How Can Chronic Kidney Disease be Reversed?   Unfortunately, CKD cannot be reversed. However, it can be managed. The first step is to get tested and determine if you have chronic kidney disease. All subsequent steps involve the management/treatment options we listed above in the chronic kidney disease treatment section.   Can Chronic Kidney Disease Cause UTI?   UTI is short for urinary tract infections. Germs and bacteria can get into the urinary tract and multiply. The result is usually a combination of swelling, redness, and pain. The greater problem is that if left untreated, it can get worse and cause a more serious infection. However, it does not appear that CKD causes UTIs.   How Long Can You Live with Chronic Kidney Disease?   According to LifeOptions.org, “how long you can live with CKD depends on your age, other health problems, and how involved you become in your care.”   Most people who have CKD will never have their kidneys fail and many people who do have kidney failure can still live for decades afterward with dialysis or a kidney transplant.   Advances in healthcare have come a long way. There are better drugs for chronic kidney disease, more knowledge about the disease, and better dialysis machines helping people manage their CKD.   However, according to LifeOptions.org[6], the most important factor in determining how your CKD will progress is you. If you take responsibility for your health and make the necessary changes, you can live well with chronic kidney disease. And do you know where that personal responsibility begins? Getting tested!   We’re going to end this post with words of advice from Fresenius Kidney Care:   “Getting tested to check your kidney health is critical to your current and future well-being. Whether you and your doctor are seeking a diagnosis or monitoring how well your treatment plan is working, acting early is always best. For CKD, the sooner your doctor can confirm a diagnosis, the earlier you can get started on an effective treatment plan to help preserve kidney function and slow progression.”   If you’re interested in getting tested for chronic kidney disease, Discounted Labs has six laboratory tests that can measure your kidney function:   CMP - Comprehensive Metabolic Panel   The comprehensive metabolic panel or chemical screening, (CMP) is a panel of 14 blood tests which serves as an initial medical screening tool to review overall health. The CMP functions as a check for kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte and fluid balance.   Aldosterone, Serum   Aldosterone (ALD) is one of a group of connected hormones. They form the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; this system is activated when there is a decrease in blood flow to your kidneys following a drop in blood volume or blood pressure such as during heavy bleeding, or sodium levels fall below healthy levels.   Cystatin C with EGFR Blood Test   The cystatin C test (which also includes estimated creatinine clearance eGFR) can be done along with creatinine or creatinine clearance test in cases where those tests aren’t appropriate. Since the concentration of cystatin C in the blood will not change due to infection or inflammation and isn’t affected by body weight, drugs, or diet - cystatin C level could be a more reliable indicator of kidney health than creatinine.   Electrolyte Panel   The electrolyte panel includes carbon dioxide, chloride, potassium, and sodium.   Uric Acid (Serum)   Uric acid is a product produced by the body after the purines in many foods undergo the digestive process and are broken down inside the body. After this breakdown process, the uric acid travels through the bloodstream into your kidneys, and most are actually eliminated through the urinary tract via urination. Excess uric acid may indicate CKD.   Urinalysis   The Urinalysis test screens for a variety of conditions including urinary bladder disease, kidney disease, and diabetes. Many systemic illnesses can affect results and significant deviations from the normal range may require further evaluation by your physician.   Be kind to your kidneys. Get tested today!   Sources & References   1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States, 2019 2 Kidney.org, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Symptoms and Causes 3 Fresenius Kidney Center, Diagnosis and Testing for Chronic Kidney Disease 4 The American Kidney Fund, Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 5 Randy Chen, MD, The American Kidney Fund 6 LifeOptions.org, Learn About Kidney Disease FAQ

Are you concerned about your kidney health? The Cystatin C test may just be a game-changer for you. This simple blood test can help in the early detection of kidney disease, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. In this blog, we will dive deep into what the Cystatin C test is, why it is important to get tested, when to get tested, and how to prepare for the test. We will also answer common questions about the test, such as how it is used, what the results mean, and much more. If you want to take control of your kidney health and make informed decisions, keep reading. Plus, we'll share a valuable resource where you can buy the Cystatin C test at an affordable price. Cystatin C with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), Serum Cystatin C, a biomarker for kidney function, offers advantages over traditional markers like creatinine. The Cystatin C test is performed by measuring the level of cystatin C in the blood serum. The test provides a more accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which reflects kidney function. Incorporating Cystatin C testing into routine kidney disease screening and monitoring has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of conditions like chronic kidney disease. By utilizing this cystatin C-based test, healthcare providers can obtain valuable information about renal function without invasive procedures or relying solely on creatinine levels. Cystatin C Test at a Glance The cystatin C test is a highly accurate indicator of kidney function, surpassing traditional tests. Its ability to detect early signs of kidney disease allows for timely intervention and treatment. This test is particularly beneficial for individuals with risk factors like diabetes or high blood pressure. Monitoring cystatin C levels helps track the progression of kidney disease and assess treatment effectiveness. Incorporating the cystatin C test into routine screenings can save lives and enhance overall kidney health. Why Get Tested? Getting tested for cystatin C is important, as it can detect early signs of kidney dysfunction or disease more accurately than traditional markers. Regular testing helps monitor kidney disease progression and guide treatment decisions. Early detection and management can prevent further damage and improve outcomes. When To Get Tested? It is advisable to undergo a cystatin C test if you have risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Additionally, if you experience symptoms like frequent urination, fatigue, or swelling in the hands and feet, it is recommended to get tested. Your doctor may also suggest a cystatin C test if you are taking medications that could potentially impact kidney function. If you already have kidney disease or are receiving treatment for it, regular monitoring with a cystatin C test may be necessary. What Test Preparation Needed? The Cystatin C test does not need any specific preparation, but it's essential to inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements. Fasting for a few hours prior to the test is recommended, but follow your healthcare provider's instructions for accurate results. What is Being Tested? The Cystatin C test measures the amount of cystatin C, a protein produced by cells and filtered by the kidneys, in the blood. It helps evaluate kidney function and identify potential kidney disease at an early stage. Elevated levels of cystatin C may suggest impaired kidney function. Common Questions About Cystatin C Test What is a cystatin C test, and how does it help detect kidney disease? How accurate is the cystatin C test compared to other tests for kidney function? Who should consider getting a cystatin C test? Are there any limitations or drawbacks to the cystatin C test? How can the results of a cystatin C test be used in diagnosing and managing kidney disease? How does the cystatin C test compare to a creatinine test for kidney function assessment? How is it used? The Cystatin C test is a blood test that measures the cystatin C level in the blood. It aids in assessing kidney function and identifying early signs of kidney disease. When used alongside other tests like creatinine, it provides a more precise evaluation. The results of this test play a crucial role in determining treatment plans and monitoring the progression of kidney disease. When is the Cystatin C test ordered? The Cystatin C test is usually ordered to evaluate kidney function in various situations, including when there are signs of kidney disease, to monitor kidney function in individuals with known kidney problems, and as part of routine check-ups to detect and prevent kidney disease early. Who May Need a Cystatin C Test? The cystatin C test (which also includes estimated creatinine clearance eGFR) can be done along with the creatinine or creatinine clearance test in cases where those tests aren’t appropriate, such as: Patients taking creatine supplements for bodybuilding. These supplements can increase creatinine and decrease creatinine clearance, which can alarm doctors who fear kidney dysfunction. This creatinine increase is not clinically relevant, but running a Cystatin C test can give physicians reassurance and allow the patient to keep taking that effective bodybuilding supplement. In patients with cirrhosis Cases of morbid obesity Malnourishment Reduced muscle mass Since the concentration of cystatin C in the blood will not change due to infection or inflammation and isn’t affected by body weight, drugs, or diet, cystatin C level could be a more reliable indicator of kidney health than creatinine. Testing for cystatin may also be useful to detect kidney disease early when the affected person isn’t experiencing many (if any) symptoms, and other tests like creatinine and eGFR results are normal. What does the test result mean? The test result measures cystatin C levels in your blood. A high level may suggest kidney problems, while a low level usually indicates normal kidney function. It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate interpretation of your test result. Is there anything else I should know? The Cystatin C test is a more accurate way to measure kidney function and can detect early signs of kidney disease. No fasting or special preparations are needed for the test, but it's important to discuss the results with your healthcare provider for proper interpretation and guidance. How is an eGFR calculated? The eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) is calculated using the MDRD equation, which factors in variables like blood creatinine level, age, gender, and race. It's important to remember that eGFR is an estimate and may not be completely accurate for every individual. How can my actual GFR be determined? To determine your actual GFR (glomerular filtration rate), a blood test is necessary. The most accurate way to measure GFR is by assessing the level of cystatin C in the blood, which reflects kidney function. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and understanding of your kidney function based on the test results. Related Tests - A creatinine test measures the level of creatinine in the blood, a marker of kidney function. - The urine albumin test detects albumin, indicating kidney damage. - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculates how well the kidneys filter waste. - The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures nitrogen levels, indicating kidney function. - Kidney ultrasound creates images for further evaluation. Resources What is Cystatin C, and how does it differ from other kidney function tests? Discover the benefits of using the Cystatin C test for kidney disease detection. Learn about the accuracy of the Cystatin C test compared to traditional methods and its potential impact on the early detection and treatment of kidney disease. Find additional information and resources on the Cystatin C test and kidney health at reputable sources such as the National Kidney Foundation and KDIGO. Sources The cystatin c test is an important tool in detecting kidney disease. To learn more about this test, you can refer to reputable sources such as the National Kidney Foundation, the Mayo Clinic, the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. These sources provide valuable information on the test, its purpose, and how it can help in assessing kidney function. Make sure to consult these resources for reliable and up-to-date information. How to Purchase a Low-Cost Cystatin C Test at DiscountedLabs.com The Cystatin C test is a game-changer in kidney disease detection, offering the convenience and affordability of purchasing the test online at DiscountedLabs.com. Early detection is crucial in managing kidney disease, and the Cystatin C test provides a more accurate assessment of kidney function compared to traditional methods like serum creatinine. By ordering the test through DiscountedLabs.com, you can easily access your test results and take proactive steps towards preserving your kidney health. Take advantage of the affordable and convenient option of purchasing the Cystatin C test at DiscountedLabs.com to prioritize your kidney health today.   Conclusion The cystatin C test is a game-changer when it comes to detecting kidney disease. It provides a more accurate measurement of kidney function compared to traditional tests. By measuring the level of cystatin C in your blood, healthcare professionals can assess your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and identify any potential kidney problems early on. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and management of kidney disease. If you suspect that you may be at risk or want to monitor your kidney health, consider getting a cystatin C test. At DiscountedLabs.com, we offer affordable and reliable cystatin C testing. Take control of your kidney health today and order your test.