Page 2 - CMP blood test

Table of Contents A Brief Introduction to Chloride What Are the Functions of Chloride? Foods Rich in Chloride Drugs That Might Increase Chloride Ways To Reduce Chloride in the Blood Health Problems Caused by Too Much Chloride Chloride and the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Substances Tested by The CMP Blood Test Take the Chloride Test Today!   Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the human body. It pairs up with other electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, and they ensure that your body's pH balance remains stable. This means that your blood doesn't become too acidic or alkaline, as these states could damage organs and tissues. Unfortunately, having too much chloride in the body can also happen to individuals of all ages. This can lead to many health problems, and a reliable way to detect if you have too much chloride is by doing a blood test. Please keep reading to learn more about this substance and its role in the body. A Brief Introduction to Chloride As mentioned earlier, chloride is one of the main electrolytes in the body, and it's present in many foods, including common table salt. The average chloride levels in the body should be between 98 and 107 mEq/L of blood. Having too little chloride in the body is rare, but many people experience hyperchloremia, having high levels of chloride in the bloodstream. The symptoms of having too much chloride are apparent, and if you have some of them, you should act immediately. For example, fatigue and not being in the mood for anything are common symptoms of hyperchloremia. Similarly, you might experience dehydration, loss of muscle coordination, and confusion if you have too much chloride in the body. What Are the Functions of Chloride? Chloride is responsible for multiple essential functions in the human body. For example, it helps transmit nerve signals between the body and brain. This allows you to coordinate your muscles properly and perform various daily tasks. Similarly, chloride also ensures that your heart muscles are contracting correctly when pumping out blood throughout the body. Chloride is also responsible for maintaining healthy blood pressure. Another essential function of chloride consists of the metabolism of substances and nutrients. For example, chloride helps to push nutrients inside your body's cells so that you have energy throughout the day. Chloride also plays a crucial role in digestion as it helps the body release hydrochloric acid, which breaks down the foods you eat. Lastly, chloride is paramount for the proper oxygenation of the body. It helps with the exchange of gasses inside your lungs so that your body receives enough oxygenated blood to function normally. As you can see, chloride is a vital substance, and that's why your priority should be to have normal levels of it in your bloodstream. Foods Rich in Chloride As mentioned earlier, chloride can be found in table salt, and ingesting too much salt is one of the leading causes of hyperchloremia in adults. Other foods also contain chloride, but they are not as addictive as table salt. For example, olives, lettuce, and tomatoes contain high amounts of chloride, and if your levels of this mineral are low, you should eat more of these foods to reestablish electrolyte balance. Similarly, rye is another type of food that contains a lot of chloride and celery. If you have been diagnosed with high chloride, it's recommended that you reduce the intake of these foods to protect your health. Drugs That Might Increase Chloride Certain drugs or medications that you take might increase chloride levels, and it's essential to know this before you do the test. For example, estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, and it can significantly increase chloride levels, so tell your doctor if you take this hormone before testing. Similarly, cortisone which is used to treat pain and inflammation, can also increase chloride levels in people of all ages. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or Advil might also raise chloride levels in your bloodstream. Although you might not need to stop taking some of these drugs before doing a chloride test, it's essential to communicate with your doctor and tell them any medications you might take. This will help produce a better diagnosis when it comes to your real chloride levels. Ways To Reduce Chloride in the Blood You might be happy to find out that there are many ways you can naturally reduce blood chloride levels. First of all, start by drinking more water. A common symptom of having too much chlorine in your system is dehydration, so if you drink more water, you will maintain a healthy electrolyte balance. Also, by drinking more water, you give your kidneys a chance to flush out more chloride naturally. Another great way to reduce chloride levels is by eating less table salt. Many people get into the habit of adding more salt to any food or meal they eat. This might improve the taste a little bit, but you will also get high amounts of salt in your bloodstream, increasing chloride levels. Most foods and ingredients already have a lot of salt added to them by manufacturers, so try to kick the habit of adding more salt to each dish. At the same time, having too little chloride in the body can cause problems. This usually happens to individuals who drink too much caffeine or alcohol. These two substances tend to increase urination, and your body flushes out many electrolytes, including chloride. At the same time, nicotine can also increase chloride excretion, and your levels might drop to unhealthy levels. Lastly, uncontrolled diabetes might also cause an imbalance in your electrolyte level. This happens because your body gets confused about processing glucose and pushing it inside cells for energy. If you regularly have high blood sugar levels, consider taking medications to control your diabetes. This should be done under the supervision of your primary healthcare provider. Health Problems Caused by Too Much Chloride Hyperchloremia can cause a lot of problems in the body, and that's why you should test for this substance regularly. First of all, having too much chloride in your system might be caused by kidneys that don't function properly. If you're diagnosed with renal disease and don't try to reduce chloride levels, these organs will only worsen over time. The complications can lead to complete kidney failure, which can be a life-threatening disease. Secondly, too much chloride in the bloodstream can also lead to heart and muscle problems. Remember that this electrolyte is responsible for proper signal transmission between your brain and body. Suppose you routinely have too much chloride in the bloodstream. In that case, this will only lead to impaired muscle growth, poor muscle coordination, and cardiovascular complications as your heart muscle doesn't contract properly. Chloride and the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel You might be happy to find out that the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel is a complex test that checks multiple electrolytes, minerals, and substances in your body at the same time. This test is inexpensive, and it uses a single blood sample to measure your chloride, calcium, sodium, potassium levels, and other substances related to your kidney and liver. You can order this test online and receive a form to print when you visit a nearby clinic to draw blood. The blood sample is analyzed using state-of-the-art medical equipment that's safe and accurate. You will get the results back in a few days by mail, and you can compare the numbers against reference values. If you have too much chloride in your bloodstream or other electrolytes are unbalanced, you can talk to your doctor to see what treatment options are available for you. Substances Tested by The CMP Blood Test In addition to the main electrolytes found in the body, the CMP also checks the health of your vital organs, such as the kidney and liver. For example, this complete panel measures the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, and other substances your kidneys produce. These vital organs need to eliminate excess creatinine and other substances regularly, so if your levels are high, you might deal with kidney disease. Having elevated levels of these substances might mean that your kidneys are not working properly. Similarly, the CMP blood test also checks various substances and hormones related to your liver, such as transaminase, bilirubin, and others. Having abnormal levels of these substances might signify a liver problem, and you need to know about it. The good news is that this panel looks at your electrolytes, kidney, and liver in one test. You will save money and time as you don't have to order these tests individually. Take the Chloride Test Today! Whether you go for the individual high chloride test or the CMP blood test, you are doing the right thing. These tests provide an accurate snapshot of your mineral and electrolyte levels and based on the results you get, you can take adequate actions to protect and improve your health. Get the CMP panel from Discountedlabs.com today and learn more about your pH balance.   ======================== References: Chloride: foods, functions, how much do you need & more What Is a Chloride Test? Hyperchloremia (High Chloride Levels)

What are liver enzymes, and what is their role in the body? Liver enzymes are proteins that help facilitate chemical reactions in the liver. They play a crucial role in breaking down substances, such as drugs and toxins, and converting them into forms that can be eliminated from the body. Monitoring liver enzyme levels can help identify liver damage or disease. The liver is the most important organ of detoxification in the human body, and it's vital for our health and our survival. Even if three-quarters of it gets destroyed, it can regenerate itself into a whole new functioning organ. Unfortunately, in today's environment, there's so much pollution that our livers are being challenged like never before, but there are also other factors, such as the overconsumption of processed foods, alcohol, and pharmaceutical drugs. Functions of the Liver Your liver acts as a filter for your blood, and your entire blood supply will pass through your liver to be cleaned several times a day. Now, if something happens where your liver's detoxification capacities become impaired, then this is when the toxins in your blood begin to build up and disease can set in. But filtering your blood isn't the only function that your liver performs. It also plays a crucial role in producing proteins, storing energy, and breaking down food, including waste products, making it essential to regularly monitor its health through liver function tests, also known as a liver panel, using a blood sample. These liver tests can help identify any potential issues and allow for early intervention to optimize the health of your liver. It's also responsible for storing glycogen that you can use for energy later on. It produces bile, which helps break down dietary fats. It manufactures certain vitamins and minerals. It also helps to break down the protein, carbs, and fats that you eat. Your liver also manufactures and excretes certain hormones, which helps to maintain stable blood sugar levels. One of the important functions of the liver is to protect the body from harmful substances and toxins. However, when the liver is overloaded with toxins, it can lead to liver inflammation and damage. Fatty liver disease, a condition that manifests as an abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver cells, is one of the most typical causes of liver inflammation. This can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, a chronic condition that can develop over several years and often has no noticeable symptoms. While cirrhosis of the liver was once mostly seen in alcoholics, it is now becoming more common in the general population due to factors such as obesity and autoimmune disorders. Understanding your liver function test results is crucial to monitoring the health of your liver and identifying any potential issues. Your provider can explain what your results mean and compare them to the normal range for each substance measured. Causes of High Liver Enzymes (AST and ALT) and Toxicity Some of the common causes are exposure to toxic chemicals, the abuse of pharmaceutical drugs, obesity, and diabetes. Other common causes of a dysfunctional liver are viral infections and hepatitis B and C. These two conditions, combined, affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The good news about hepatitis B is that only around five to ten percent of the cases ever become chronic. Ninety percent of people infected with hepatitis B will eventually develop antibodies that make them immune to any future infections. Hepatitis C, on the other hand, has a less optimistic outcome for infected individuals. The large majority of cases of hepatitis C will eventually progress to either cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer. Tattoos, sexual contact, and sharing needles with someone who has infected blood are just a few examples of the ways that the Hepatitis C virus can spread via blood. Those are the two main causes when it comes to a dysfunctional liver in our modern society. Fortunately, there is an effective treatment for hepatitis B (however, many people do not find out they have Hep B until later in the disease). Hepatitis C can now be cured with an effective treatment that lasts only a few weeks. But it is important to find out if you have either by getting tested. Another factor usually not considered to explain mildly elevated liver enzymes is resistance exercise. Resistance exercise can increase liver enzymes. Some physicians do not know this and get concerned when they see elevated ALT and AST levels in healthy men without liver disease, excessive alcohol use, or medication-related liver effects. Muscular exercise can cause highly pathological liver function tests in healthy men Find out your life's health: BUY A CMP PANEL BUY A GGT TEST BUY A HEPATIC FUNCTION PANEL   Symptoms of Liver Toxicity But, as I mentioned earlier, there aren't always conspicuous symptoms to let you know that your liver is impaired or breaking down. This is why it's important to get periodic blood work done through your family physician. However, occasionally, your body will exhibit certain signs and symptoms when your liver begins to break down or becomes impaired. Some of those signs and symptoms include gallstones and gallbladder disease, abdominal bloating with nausea, unstable blood sugar issues, poor mental focus, food intolerances, chemical sensitivities, chronic fatigue, body odor, and bad breath, dark circles under your eyes, and yellowing of the whites of your eyes, as well as a loss of appetite and low levels of albumin and globulin. These symptoms may also indicate a blockage in the bile duct, which can lead to liver damage and toxicity. A bilirubin test, which measures levels of bilirubin in the blood, and an LDH test, which measures levels of lactate dehydrogenase, are important diagnostic tools for liver health. Red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, are broken down in the liver and can contribute to elevated bilirubin and LDH levels if the liver is not functioning properly. Now keep in mind that these symptoms can also indicate other conditions. This is why it's important if you're exhibiting these signs and symptoms to go to your family physician and get the appropriate testing done, including a CMP test that, among other tests, includes an ALP test to check for levels of alkaline phosphatase and a total protein test to measure levels of protein in your blood. The ideal situation is obviously to avoid letting your liver's health deteriorate to the point where your body begins to display those signs and symptoms, which can result from liver damage and other liver diseases. In order to prevent this, you have to take two measures. You have to reduce your exposure to environmental toxins, take in nutrients that support the health of your liver, especially if you have a history of heavy alcohol use or alcohol use disorder, and monitor for potential side effects of medications that can affect your liver. A note from the Cleveland Clinic: If your blood test shows high levels of liver enzymes, including ALP and total protein, talk with your provider about potential causes and ways to optimize the health of your liver. What is Cirrhosis, and What Causes it? Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that occurs when healthy liver cells are replaced with scar tissue, leading to impaired liver function. There are several causes of cirrhosis, including long-term alcohol abuse, hepatitis B and C infections, fatty liver disease, and autoimmune diseases. Over time, the damage to the liver becomes irreversible and can lead to complications such as jaundice, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment for cirrhosis focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further liver damage through lifestyle changes such as abstaining from alcohol and maintaining a healthy diet. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary. How to Protect Your Liver One of the best ways to reduce chemical contaminants in your immediate environment is to look at any products that you use in your home, such as personal care products or household cleaning products. Most commercial products contain chemical contaminants that can gain entry into your body, through your skin or your lungs, and these chemicals can overburden your liver, leading to high liver enzymes, specifically alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, and inflammation in the bloodstream. It is important to take steps to protect your liver from these chemical reactions by using natural and non-toxic products. So, check with your natural health food store, and often they have alternatives that have fewer chemicals or more natural ingredients. Another source of chemical contaminants in your immediate environment can be the foods that you eat, like fruits and vegetables with a high pesticide load or animal products that contain antibiotics or hormones. If your budget allows for it, try to purchase more of your fruits and vegetables in organic form, so there's less of a pesticide load. Also, when it comes to animal products like meat or fish, try to choose animals that were either pasture-raised or wild-caught. This will again reduce the amount of exposure to things like antibiotics or hormones. When it comes to supporting and strengthening the health of your liver, there are three great supplements: Milk Thistle, Dandelion Root, and NAC, or N-Acetyl Cysteine. Milk thistle has been used in traditional medicine for hundreds of years, and extensive studies are proving its efficacy for healing and strengthening the liver. It acts as an antioxidant to help protect the liver from free radical damage. It can block the uptake of various toxins into the liver. It also enhances the detoxification enzymes required for the liver to do its job, and it can even help regenerate damaged liver cells. The recommended dose is 300 milligrams per day, taken for seven days in a row each month as a liver maintenance protocol. Dandelion Root is a bitter herb that's been used in traditional medicine for hundreds of years to treat a so-called sluggish liver. It's been shown to help cleanse the liver of pharmaceutical drugs, and it also helps to stimulate the flow of bile from the gallbladder. The recommended dose is two to three grams per day, taken for a one- to two-week period each month. N-Acetyl Cysteine, or NAC, is an amino acid that is used in emergency medical situations in hospitals when patients present with liver toxicity due to overdosing on Tylenol or poisonous mushrooms. It's capable of protecting the liver by increasing intracellular levels of glutathione, which is the most powerful antioxidant in the human body. But it can also neutralize toxic heavy metals such as mercury, which tend to have an affinity for organs such as the liver and kidney and can cause significant damage. The recommended dose for N-Acetyl Cysteine is 600 milligrams, taken one to two times every day. Conclusion Maintaining optimal liver health is crucial in today's world due to various factors like pollution, processed foods, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, and lifestyle diseases. Understanding the liver's critical functions, such as blood filtration, energy storage, bile production, and toxin breakdown, highlights the importance of regular monitoring. Elevated liver enzymes like AST and ALT can indicate liver stress or damage caused by conditions like hepatitis, obesity, diabetes, or intense physical exercise. Early detection through regular testing is essential. At DiscountedLabs.com, we offer affordable blood tests like the CMP Panel, GGT Test, and Hepatic Function Panel to conveniently monitor your liver's health without visiting a doctor.

Table of Contents What Tests Are Included in the CMP? What Are the Consequences of High or Low CMP Lab Test Values? Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) Low AST or SGPT Albumin Normal albumin values When albumin is very low: Alkaline phosphatase ALP (Adults) ALP Normal values High ALP Low ALP Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) AST or SGOT normal levels High AST or SGOT   Bilirubin, direct Bilirubin normal values High direct albumin Low direct bilirubin   Bilirubin, total Total bilirubin normal values High total bilirubin   Calcium Calcium normal values High calcium Low calcium   Carbon dioxide, total High carbon dioxide Low carbon dioxide   Chloride High Chloride Low Chloride Creatinine Creatinine normal levels High creatinine Low creatinine Glucose normal values High glucose Low glucose Potassium Potassium normal values Low Potassium High Potassium Sodium Sodium normal values High sodium Low sodium What Tests Are Included in the CMP?   The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a broad screening tool includes 14 tests that evaluate your liver, kidneys, and more to provide a picture of your overall health. The panel looks at your organ function, electrolytes, blood sugar, and blood proteins. Along with the CBC and lipid panels, CMP is the most commonly ordered lab test panel when you go to see your doctor for an annual physical exam. The CMP includes tests for: • Liver function (ALP, ALT, AST, Bilirubin) • Kidney function (BUN, Creatinine) • Electrolytes and fluid balance (Sodium, Potassium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride) • Proteins (Albumin, Total Protein) • Blood sugar (Glucose) • Calcium   What Are the Consequences of High or Low CMP Lab Test Values?   We will now explain the potential causes for high or low blood levels of these variables so that  you can discuss them with your physician.   Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) Included in the CMP panel ALT normal values are: 10-55 U/liter for males 10-55 U/liter for females Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme made by your liver. ALT is important to test to determine whether your liver is performing at its best. High ALT or SGPT The liver cells might be seriously damaged, to the point of necrosis It might be a sign of extensive trauma to the liver, left heart failure, cirrhosis, or jaundice Might also be a sign of muscular dystrophy, fatty liver, myocardial infarction, and liver tumors Low AST or SGPT Low values of ALT indicate pyridoxal phosphate deficiency that can result in various health complications including epilepsy   Albumin Included in the CMP panel Normal albumin values 3.1-4.3 g/dl for men and women Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver and can be an indicator of the liver’s synthetic ability. However, because it has a long half-life of 20-30 days, and levels often remain normal even in acute disease, it is not always useful in assessing acute hepatic injury. Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the human body. It helps to carry nutrients to various tissues and it prevents blood vessels from leaking fluids. When albumin is very low: This is a sign of acute or chronic inflammation Decreased albumin levels can occur in chronic diseases such as cirrhosis, cancer and malnutrition. Albumin levels might drop if the liver has problems synthesizing this protein properly, so it might indicate liver damage The transportation of bile acids and metal ions might be affected if the albumin levels get too low   Alkaline phosphatase ALP (Adults) Included in the CMP panel Alkaline phosphatase is also known as ALP and it is found in different tissues in the body. This enzyme is mostly present in the bones and liver. It plays a vital role in bone formation and mineralization. ALP Normal values 45-115 U/liter for males 30-100 U/liter for females High ALP It might be a sign of biliary obstruction or liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis Sign of bone disorder or even renal problems In some cases, it might indicate thyroid issues Low ALP It might signify nutritional deficiencies such as a lack of vitamin B12, magnesium or zinc Might be caused by severe anemia   Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) Included in the CMP panel AST or SGOT normal levels 10-40 U/liter for men 9-25 U/liter for women Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme found in most tissues in the human body, particularly in the liver and the heart. It has multiple functions in the human body and abnormal levels usually indicate a liver problem. High AST or SGOT This could be a sign of liver cell necrosis or obstructive jaundice It might also signify hepatitis or a liver problem caused by drugs and medications Since this enzyme is found in the muscles, it might be a sign of skeletal muscle, inflammatory disease or even heart failure. Excessive exercise can raise it. Normally, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase should be low. Problems appear when these levels get very high due to organ failure or inflammation.   Bilirubin, direct Included in the CMP panel Bilirubin normal values 0-0.4 mg/dl for men and women Bilirubin is a yellow substance involved in the process of cleaning organic waste from the body such as dead red blood cells, etc. It is excreted in the bile and urine and it consists of direct and total bilirubin. When doing a blood test, your results might indicate the levels of direct and total bilirubin as both of these are important to diagnose certain diseases. High direct albumin It might signify a biliary tree obstruction, cholestasis, and damage to the hepatic cells The patient might have the Dubin-Johnson syndrome which is characterized by an increase of direct bilirubin in the liver Low direct bilirubin Low levels of direct bilirubin are usually not a cause of concern. These levels might be temporarily lowered by caffeine consumption or barbiturates   Bilirubin, total Total bilirubin normal values 0-1.0 mg/dl for men and women This is the total amount of bilirubin enzymes in your body, including direct and indirect ones. Low levels of total bilirubin are not a problem in most cases. You should see a doctor when these levels are elevated as they can signify different types of damages to your organs. High total bilirubin It might be a sign of neonatal physiological jaundice High levels might be caused by damage to the hepatic cells caused by toxins or inflammation It might be a sign of biliary tree obstruction   Calcium Included in the CMP panel Calcium normal values 5-10.5 mg/dl for men and women Calcium is one of the most important minerals in the body. Calcium is directly involved in the mineralization and growth of bones and it ensures that teeth remain in good condition. High calcium This might be a sign of hyperparathyroidism, bone disorders, malignant disease such as metastatic carcinoma of breast and kidney, etc. Your blood might contain too much vitamin D which leads to intoxication Acromegaly or dehydration Low calcium It might be a sign of hypoparathyroidism or chronic kidney failure Might be caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or magnesium The patient might have acute pancreatitis, anemia or problems with the pituitary gland   Carbon dioxide, total Included in the CMP panel Carbon dioxide normal values 24-30 mmol/liter for men and women Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the food metabolization process. This gas is released into the bloodstream when cells are broken down in simpler substances. The blood full of carbon dioxide returns to the lungs where this gas is eliminated through respiration. High carbon dioxide It might be a sign of respiratory acidosis resulted from a poor gas exchange in the body Can also be caused by metabolic acidosis, especially if it is accompanied by multiple episodes of vomiting Low carbon dioxide It might signify tubular acidosis of the kidneys Might be a sign of loss of alkaline fluids through the intestines or compensated respiratory alkalosis   Chloride Included in the CMP panel Chloride normal values 100-108 mmol/liter for men and women Chloride forms when the element chlorine gains an electron. This is an important electrolyte that helps to maintain cell homeostasis or balance. High Chloride It might be caused by metabolic acidosis, especially when it is accompanied by loss of fluids caused by diarrhea It can also be caused by severe dehydration or a problem with the kidneys such as renal tubular acidosis or acute renal failure Hyperparathyroidism can also cause chloride levels to increase Low Chloride It might be caused by too much vomiting or prolonged episodes of diarrhea Low levels can also be caused by gastric problems such as gastric suction or gastric secretion Excessive sweating or respiratory acidosis can also make the chloride levels drop significantly Adrenal insufficiency may lower chloride blood levels Low blood chloride levels can be caused by drugs such as: These medication types can result in low chloride: Laxatives Diuretics Corticosteroids (long-term treatments) Bicarbonates   Creatinine Included in the CMP panel Creatinine normal levels 6-1.5 mg/dl for men and women Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of kidney health because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. It is eliminated from the body by kidneys through urine. The creatinine test is used to measure creatinine clearance as a way to assess kidney function. Creatinine is one of the variables used to estimate eGFR - Estimated glomerular filtration rate- which is one of the best test to measure your level of kidney function and determine your stage of kidney disease. Your doctor can calculate it from the results of your blood creatinine test, your age, body size and gender. Your GFR tells your doctor your stage of kidney disease and helps the doctor to plan your treatment. If your GFR number is low, your kidneys are not working as well as they should. The earlier kidney disease is detected, the better the chance of slowing or stopping its progression. People with high creatinine (low eGFR) should get a Cystatin C test which may be more accurate in certain cases. Elevated creatinine is not always representative of a true reduction in eGFR. A high reading may be due to increased production of creatinine not due to decreased kidney function, to interference with the assay, or to decreased tubular secretion of creatinine. An increase in serum creatinine can be due to increased ingestion of cooked meat (which contains creatinine converted from creatine by the heat from cooking) or excessive intake of protein and creatine supplements, taken to enhance athletic performance. Intense exercise can increase creatinine by increasing muscle breakdown. Dehydration secondary to an inflammatory process with fever may cause a false increase in creatinine concentrations not related to an actual kidney injury. Several medications can interfere with the assay. Creatinine secretion by the tubules can be blocked by some medications, again increasing measured creatinine. High creatinine Too much creatinine in the body might be a sign of renal failure or kidney dysfunction Hyperthyroidism can also be a cause of too much creatinine building up in the body as well as acromegaly Eating too many meals containing meat can increase the level of creatine and creatinine in the body Taking creatine supplements can falsely increase creatinine blood levels. Certain medications can increase creatinine blood levels, so talk to your doctor. Low creatinine This might be a sign of excessive muscle loss, probably caused by muscular dystrophy It can also be a sign of liver problems or a lack of protein in your diet   Glucose, fasting Glucose normal values 70-110 mg/dl for men and women Glucose is basically the amount of sugar you have in your blood. The entire human body uses glucose as a fuel source, but too much of it can be a real problem. High glucose This might be a sign of diabetes, increased insulin resistance, increased epinephrine, pancreatic disorders or endocrine problems Very high values are commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction, kidney disease or chronic liver disease Low glucose Although rare, low glucose values might be caused by a tumor that makes the pancreas produce too much insulin It might also be a sign of serious liver disease or renal disorders   Potassium Potassium normal values 5-5.2 mmol/L Potassium ions are vital for the functioning of all living cells. The transfer of potassium ions across nerve cell membranes is necessary for normal nerve transmission; potassium deficiency and excess can each result in numerous signs and symptoms, including an abnormal heart rhythm and various electrocardiographic abnormalities. Fresh fruits and vegetables are good dietary sources of potassium. The body responds to the influx of dietary potassium, which raises serum potassium levels, with a shift of potassium from outside to inside cells and an increase in potassium excretion by the kidneys. Low Potassium Hypokalemia (low potassium blood level) always occurs as a result of excessive loss of potassium through the urine, sweat or stool. It is always a symptom of another disorder, rather than a disease that occurs by itself. The excessive excretion of potassium in the urine may result from the use of diuretic drugs (which increases urination), a deficiency of magnesium in the blood, excessive mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone in the blood which affect the electrolyte and fluid balance in the body (usually caused by endocrine diseases), kidney disorders, or from the use of high doses of penicillin. Gastrointestinal losses of potassium usually are due to prolonged diarrhea or vomiting, chronic laxative abuse, inadequate dietary intake of potassium, intestinal obstruction or infections such as fistulas in the intestines which continually drain intestinal fluids. Additionally, excessive perspiration due to hot weather or exercise can cause hypokalemia. Some drugs can keep your kidneys from removing enough potassium. This can cause your potassium levels to rise. High Potassium The symptoms of an elevated potassium level are generally few and nonspecific. Nonspecific symptoms may include feeling tired, numbness and weakness. Occasionally palpitations and shortness of breath may occur. Hyperventilation may indicate a compensatory response to metabolic acidosis, which is one of the possible causes of hyperkalemia (high potassium).   Often, however, the problem is detected during screening blood tests for a medical disorder, or after hospitalization for complications such as cardiac arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. High levels of potassium (> 5.5 mmol/L) have been associated with cardiovascular events. Decreased kidney function is a major cause of hyperkalemia.   Sodium Sodium normal values 135-145 mmol/liter for men and women Sodium is another important electrolyte in the body. It helps to keep the cell fluid balance at normal levels and it performs other important body functions. High sodium This can be a sign of Cushing's syndrome or water loss through the skin Too much sodium might also be a sign of increased renal sodium conservation in hyperaldosteronism Low sodium Also known as hyponatremia, too little sodium in the blood might signify diuretics abuse, salt-losing nephropathy (kidney disease) or excessive sweating Low sodium might also be caused by excessive vomiting or diarrhea A low sodium level has many causes, including consumption of too many fluids, kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and use of diuretics. Symptoms result from brain dysfunction. At first, people become sluggish and confused, and if hyponatremia worsens, they may have muscle twitches and seizures and become progressively unresponsive. Restricting fluids and stopping use of diuretics can help, but severe hyponatremia is an emergency requiring use of drugs, intravenous fluids, or both.    

Table of Contents The comprehensive metabolic panel. Liver function tests Kidney function tests BUY THE CMP PANEL HERE Have you ever wondered what the numbers and complicated words on your blood tests mean? In this video, we will talk about the comprehensive metabolic panel, a series of blood tests that assess your body's electrolyte levels and the functioning of vital organs. These organs include the liver, kidneys, and thyroid.  The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP Blood Test) It is a panel of blood tests serving as an initial broad medical screening tool, including electrolyte levels and functional states of some vital organs. Electrolyte levels. Some examples of electrolytes include sodium, potassium, and chloride. Electrolytes are tightly regulated in your body, and abnormalities in the levels of electrolytes can indicate problems. Liver function tests These tests indicate if your liver is working correctly or if it is inflamed or damaged. The liver filters the blood coming from the digestive tract, detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes drugs, and makes essential proteins. It is vulnerable to the toxic effects of many medications and alcohol. Tests for liver function. These include measuring the levels of total protein and albumin—total protein. The typical range is 6.1 to 8.1 grams per deciliter. Low levels may indicate impaired liver function. Albumin. The normal range is 3.6 to 5.1 grams per deciliter. Low levels may indicate impaired liver function. Tests for liver inflammation or damage. Increased levels of liver enzymes in the blood may indicate that they are being leaked out from damaged liver cells. AST, or aspartate amino transferase. The normal range is 10 to 35 units per liter. ALT, alanine amino transferase. The normal range is 9 to 60 units per liter. Alkaline phosphatase. The normal range is 40 to 115 units per liter.   Kidney function tests These tests tell you if your kidneys are working properly. Kidneys filter the blood to remove waste, control your body's fluid balance, and regulate the balance of electrolytes. They are vulnerable to the toxic effects of many medications. Creatinine serum. The normal range is 0.7 to 1.11 milligrams per deciliter. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine, a normal metabolic byproduct. The kidneys remove it from your body so that it can exit through the urine. An increase in blood creatinine indicates kidney disease or damage. BUN, or blood urea nitrogen. The normal range is 7 to 25 milligrams per deciliter. It measures the amount of nitrogen in your blood that comes from the waste product of urea, a breakdown product of proteins. An increase indicates kidney disease or damage. BUN-to-creatinine ratio. This ratio may be used to determine the cause of kidney injury or dehydration. The reference ratio is 8 to 19. GFR, glomerular filtration rate. The desired level is greater than 60 milliliters per minute. A lower rate indicates kidney disease. It is often used to determine kidney failure.   BUY THE CMP PANEL HERE

Hyponatremia is when the amount of sodium in the blood is below what it should be. Your nerves and muscles, as well as the balance of water in your body, depend on salt. Normal sodium levels in the blood are between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). When your blood sodium level drops below 135 mEq/L, you have hyponatremia. When your blood doesn't have enough salt, extra water goes into your cells, making them swell. This can be dangerous, especially in the brain, because the brain can't grow bigger than the head. Table of Contents Introduction Causes of Hyponatremia Overconsumption of Fluids Medical Conditions Certain Medications Hormonal Imbalances Elevated Vasopressin Levels Symptoms of Hyponatremia Diagnosing Hyponatremia Blood Tests Urine Tests Further Investigations Treating Hyponatremia Limiting Fluid Intake Medication Modification Intravenous Fluids Treating Underlying Disorders Hormone Replacement Therapy References Footnotes Introduction Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte imbalance characterized by abnormally low levels of sodium in the blood (less than 135 mmol/L). This imbalance can result in a myriad of symptoms and complications. In this article, we delve into the potential causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and potential treatment options for hyponatremia. Causes of Hyponatremia Several factors can cause hyponatremia, including: Overconsumption of Fluids An excessive intake of fluids, especially water, can dilute the sodium concentration in the blood, leading to hyponatremia1. Medical Conditions Diseases such as kidney disease, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) can disrupt the normal sodium balance in the body2. Certain Medications Certain medications, including some pain medications, antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, and diuretics, can cause hyponatremia3. Hormonal Imbalances Conditions like adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and low cortisol levels can disturb the body's electrolyte balance4. Elevated Vasopressin Levels Excessive amounts of the hormone vasopressin, also known as the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), can lead to increased water retention and decreased sodium levels5. Symptoms of Hyponatremia The severity of hyponatremia symptoms and the rate at which they develop depend on the extent and speed of sodium loss. Symptoms may include: Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite Headaches, confusion, and disorientation Seizures, muscle cramps, and weakness Fatigue, lethargy, and irritability Swelling of the extremities, also known as edema Decreased urine output and increased thirst In severe cases, hyponatremia can be life-threatening. Diagnosing Hyponatremia An accurate diagnosis of hyponatremia requires a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Blood Tests Tests such as complete blood count (CBC), serum sodium levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and liver function tests can evaluate electrolyte imbalance and organ function6. Urine Tests Urinalysis and urine electrolyte analysis can help determine the underlying cause of hyponatremia, such as SIADH or kidney dysfunction7. Further Investigations In some cases, additional tests, like thyroid function tests, cortisol levels, and adrenal function tests may be conducted to uncover hormonal imbalances8. Treating Hyponatremia The treatment for hyponatremia depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and rate of sodium decline. Common treatment methods include: Limiting Fluid Intake In mild cases of hyponatremia caused by excessive fluid intake, limiting fluid consumption is often enough to restore sodium balance9. Medication Modification If hyponatremia is induced by medication, adjusting the dosage or switching to a different prescription may be necessary10. Intravenous Fluids In severe cases, intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline solution can help restore sodium levels and reduce symptoms11. Treating Underlying Disorders Addressing the underlying medical disorders, such as heart failure or liver cirrhosis, is crucial to effectively manage hyponatremia12. Hormone Replacement Therapy In cases where hormonal abnormalities are present, hormone replacement therapy might be used13. Find out your sodium level at DiscountedLabs.com Buy the CMP test.       References Footnotes Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(21):1581-1589. ↩ Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med. 2006;119(7 Suppl 1):S30-S35. ↩ Clayton JA, Rodgers S, Blakey J, Avery A, Hall IP. Thiazide diuretic prescription and electrolyte abnormalities in primary care. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;61(1):87-95. ↩ Furst H, Hallows KR, Post J, Chen S, Kotzker W, Goldfarb S, Ziyadeh FN, Neilson EG. The urine/plasma electrolyte ratio: a predictive guide to water restriction. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(4):240-244. ↩ Ellison DH, Berl T. Clinical practice. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(20):2064-2072. ↩ Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, Decaux G, Fenske W, Hoorn E, Ichai C, Joannidis M, Soupart A, Zietse R, Haller M, van der Veer S, Van Biesen W, Nagler E. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170(3):G1-G47. ↩ Bartter FC, Schwartz WB. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Am J Med. 1967;42(5):790-806. ↩ Decaux G, Musch W. Clinical laboratory evaluation of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(4):1175-1184. ↩ Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Schrier RW, Sterns RH. Hyponatremia treatment guidelines 2007: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2007;120(11 Suppl 1):S1-S21. ↩ Sterns RH, Nigwekar SU, Hix JK. The treatment of hyponatremia. Semin Nephrol. 2009;29(3):282-299. ↩ Sterns RH, Hix JK, Silver S. Treating profound hyponatremia: a strategy for controlled correction. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;56(4):774-779. ↩ Schrier RW. Body water homeostasis: clinical disorders of urinary dilution and concentration. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(7):1820-1832. ↩ Gross P, Reimann D, Henschkowski J, Damian M. Treatment of severe hyponatremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12 Suppl 17:S25-S29. ↩

Are you concerned about your kidney health? The Cystatin C test may just be a game-changer for you. This simple blood test can help in the early detection of kidney disease, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. In this blog, we will dive deep into what the Cystatin C test is, why it is important to get tested, when to get tested, and how to prepare for the test. We will also answer common questions about the test, such as how it is used, what the results mean, and much more. If you want to take control of your kidney health and make informed decisions, keep reading. Plus, we'll share a valuable resource where you can buy the Cystatin C test at an affordable price. Cystatin C with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), Serum Cystatin C, a biomarker for kidney function, offers advantages over traditional markers like creatinine. The Cystatin C test is performed by measuring the level of cystatin C in the blood serum. The test provides a more accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which reflects kidney function. Incorporating Cystatin C testing into routine kidney disease screening and monitoring has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of conditions like chronic kidney disease. By utilizing this cystatin C-based test, healthcare providers can obtain valuable information about renal function without invasive procedures or relying solely on creatinine levels. Cystatin C Test at a Glance The cystatin C test is a highly accurate indicator of kidney function, surpassing traditional tests. Its ability to detect early signs of kidney disease allows for timely intervention and treatment. This test is particularly beneficial for individuals with risk factors like diabetes or high blood pressure. Monitoring cystatin C levels helps track the progression of kidney disease and assess treatment effectiveness. Incorporating the cystatin C test into routine screenings can save lives and enhance overall kidney health. Why Get Tested? Getting tested for cystatin C is important, as it can detect early signs of kidney dysfunction or disease more accurately than traditional markers. Regular testing helps monitor kidney disease progression and guide treatment decisions. Early detection and management can prevent further damage and improve outcomes. When To Get Tested? It is advisable to undergo a cystatin C test if you have risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Additionally, if you experience symptoms like frequent urination, fatigue, or swelling in the hands and feet, it is recommended to get tested. Your doctor may also suggest a cystatin C test if you are taking medications that could potentially impact kidney function. If you already have kidney disease or are receiving treatment for it, regular monitoring with a cystatin C test may be necessary. What Test Preparation Needed? The Cystatin C test does not need any specific preparation, but it's essential to inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements. Fasting for a few hours prior to the test is recommended, but follow your healthcare provider's instructions for accurate results. What is Being Tested? The Cystatin C test measures the amount of cystatin C, a protein produced by cells and filtered by the kidneys, in the blood. It helps evaluate kidney function and identify potential kidney disease at an early stage. Elevated levels of cystatin C may suggest impaired kidney function. Common Questions About Cystatin C Test What is a cystatin C test, and how does it help detect kidney disease? How accurate is the cystatin C test compared to other tests for kidney function? Who should consider getting a cystatin C test? Are there any limitations or drawbacks to the cystatin C test? How can the results of a cystatin C test be used in diagnosing and managing kidney disease? How does the cystatin C test compare to a creatinine test for kidney function assessment? How is it used? The Cystatin C test is a blood test that measures the cystatin C level in the blood. It aids in assessing kidney function and identifying early signs of kidney disease. When used alongside other tests like creatinine, it provides a more precise evaluation. The results of this test play a crucial role in determining treatment plans and monitoring the progression of kidney disease. When is the Cystatin C test ordered? The Cystatin C test is usually ordered to evaluate kidney function in various situations, including when there are signs of kidney disease, to monitor kidney function in individuals with known kidney problems, and as part of routine check-ups to detect and prevent kidney disease early. Who May Need a Cystatin C Test? The cystatin C test (which also includes estimated creatinine clearance eGFR) can be done along with the creatinine or creatinine clearance test in cases where those tests aren’t appropriate, such as: Patients taking creatine supplements for bodybuilding. These supplements can increase creatinine and decrease creatinine clearance, which can alarm doctors who fear kidney dysfunction. This creatinine increase is not clinically relevant, but running a Cystatin C test can give physicians reassurance and allow the patient to keep taking that effective bodybuilding supplement. In patients with cirrhosis Cases of morbid obesity Malnourishment Reduced muscle mass Since the concentration of cystatin C in the blood will not change due to infection or inflammation and isn’t affected by body weight, drugs, or diet, cystatin C level could be a more reliable indicator of kidney health than creatinine. Testing for cystatin may also be useful to detect kidney disease early when the affected person isn’t experiencing many (if any) symptoms, and other tests like creatinine and eGFR results are normal. What does the test result mean? The test result measures cystatin C levels in your blood. A high level may suggest kidney problems, while a low level usually indicates normal kidney function. It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate interpretation of your test result. Is there anything else I should know? The Cystatin C test is a more accurate way to measure kidney function and can detect early signs of kidney disease. No fasting or special preparations are needed for the test, but it's important to discuss the results with your healthcare provider for proper interpretation and guidance. How is an eGFR calculated? The eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) is calculated using the MDRD equation, which factors in variables like blood creatinine level, age, gender, and race. It's important to remember that eGFR is an estimate and may not be completely accurate for every individual. How can my actual GFR be determined? To determine your actual GFR (glomerular filtration rate), a blood test is necessary. The most accurate way to measure GFR is by assessing the level of cystatin C in the blood, which reflects kidney function. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and understanding of your kidney function based on the test results. Related Tests - A creatinine test measures the level of creatinine in the blood, a marker of kidney function. - The urine albumin test detects albumin, indicating kidney damage. - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculates how well the kidneys filter waste. - The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures nitrogen levels, indicating kidney function. - Kidney ultrasound creates images for further evaluation. Resources What is Cystatin C, and how does it differ from other kidney function tests? Discover the benefits of using the Cystatin C test for kidney disease detection. Learn about the accuracy of the Cystatin C test compared to traditional methods and its potential impact on the early detection and treatment of kidney disease. Find additional information and resources on the Cystatin C test and kidney health at reputable sources such as the National Kidney Foundation and KDIGO. Sources The cystatin c test is an important tool in detecting kidney disease. To learn more about this test, you can refer to reputable sources such as the National Kidney Foundation, the Mayo Clinic, the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. These sources provide valuable information on the test, its purpose, and how it can help in assessing kidney function. Make sure to consult these resources for reliable and up-to-date information. How to Purchase a Low-Cost Cystatin C Test at DiscountedLabs.com The Cystatin C test is a game-changer in kidney disease detection, offering the convenience and affordability of purchasing the test online at DiscountedLabs.com. Early detection is crucial in managing kidney disease, and the Cystatin C test provides a more accurate assessment of kidney function compared to traditional methods like serum creatinine. By ordering the test through DiscountedLabs.com, you can easily access your test results and take proactive steps towards preserving your kidney health. Take advantage of the affordable and convenient option of purchasing the Cystatin C test at DiscountedLabs.com to prioritize your kidney health today.   Conclusion The cystatin C test is a game-changer when it comes to detecting kidney disease. It provides a more accurate measurement of kidney function compared to traditional tests. By measuring the level of cystatin C in your blood, healthcare professionals can assess your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and identify any potential kidney problems early on. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and management of kidney disease. If you suspect that you may be at risk or want to monitor your kidney health, consider getting a cystatin C test. At DiscountedLabs.com, we offer affordable and reliable cystatin C testing. Take control of your kidney health today and order your test.    

A liver function test is an essential diagnostic tool that helps assess the health of your liver and identify potential issues early on. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining overall well-being, as it processes nutrients from food, filters toxins, produces proteins for blood clotting, and much more. This article will explore the significance of understanding liver function tests and how they can be utilized to track one's health. Throughout this post, we'll discuss the key components of a comprehensive liver panel test, including enzymes and proteins examined such as total protein, albumin, globulin, and bilirubin levels, among others. We'll also highlight when you should get tested for optimal results. In addition to discussing regular testing schedules based on individual needs or risk factors associated with chronic liver disease like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or alcohol-related conditions. Furthermore, we will explore additional tests that may be recommended based on initial results, such as hepatitis virus testing or even a liver biopsy. Finally, this article will provide information about convenient and affordable testing options available today through online ordering platforms, allowing individuals to receive their results quickly and without hassle. Table of Contents: Understanding Liver Function Tests Importance of Liver Health in Overall Well-being Key Components of a Comprehensive Liver Panel Test Enzymes and Proteins Examined in a Liver Panel Test Total Protein Albumin Globulin Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) The Significance of Early Detection through Testing When Should You Get Tested? How Often Should You Test? Additional Tests Based on Initial Results Hepatitis Virus Testing Liver Biopsy Convenient and Affordable Testing Options Online Ordering of Liver Function Tests Receiving Results Quickly FAQs in Relation to Liver Function Test What is a liver function test? How often should I get a liver function test? What do the results of a liver function test indicate? Are there any risks associated with getting a liver function test? Conclusion Understanding Liver Function Tests Liver function tests are essential diagnostic tools that help determine the health of your liver by examining various enzymes and proteins. These tests can detect potential issues early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment to prevent further damage to this vital organ. Importance of Liver Health in Overall Well-being The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health as it is responsible for more than 500 bodily functions, including filtering out toxins from the foods you eat and liquids you drink. A healthy liver contributes significantly to our well-being; therefore, it's important to monitor its condition regularly through liver function tests. Key Components of a Comprehensive Liver Panel Test A comprehensive liver lab test panel looks at several variables and enzymes that provide valuable information about the current state of your liver's health. Some key components include: Total Protein: Essential for tissue health and regeneration. Albumin: An important protein that indicates heart or kidney problems. Globulin: Produced by the liver and immune system, helps fight bacteria and viruses. Bilirubin Levels: Indicates bile flow obstruction or jaundice development due to excessive toxins or drugs present in the bloodstream. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): Helps identify bone problems or potential liver issues. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Primarily found in heart muscle, high levels may indicate heart problems. In addition to these key components, other enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminases (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are also examined to determine liver health. High levels of these enzymes may indicate liver problems caused by excessive alcohol consumption, toxins, or drugs. Regular monitoring with liver function tests is crucial for maintaining overall health since some symptoms may not appear until it's too late. Early detection allows doctors to recommend therapies or lifestyle changes that can help mitigate issues while giving the liver an opportunity to regenerate itself. When should you get tested? It's always better to do a hepatic function panel sooner rather than later. Although some liver issues may not cause any symptoms, it is still advisable to get tested regularly. It's recommended to do a liver test panel periodically when taking certain medications that might affect your liver, as well as if you see apparent symptoms of liver problems such as yellowing of the eyes. Understanding liver function tests is essential to maintaining overall health and wellness. Enzymes and proteins examined in a liver panel test provide an even more detailed look into the functionality of this vital organ.   Key Takeaway:  Liver function tests are important diagnostic tools that can detect potential liver issues early on. Regular monitoring with these tests is crucial for maintaining overall health, as the liver plays a vital role in filtering out toxins and contributing to our well-being.  Enzymes and Proteins Examined in a Liver Panel Test A comprehensive liver lab test panel looks at several variables and enzymes, each providing valuable information about the current state of your liver's health. Let's discuss some of these key components: Total Protein This test measures the total amount of protein in your body, which is essential for tissue health and regeneration. Abnormal protein levels may indicate malnutrition or muscle wasting. Albumin As one of the most important proteins in the human body, albumin levels can reveal potential issues with your heart or kidneys. Testing for albumin is crucial to determining liver health. Globulin The liver and immune system both produce this protein, which aids in battling viruses and bacteria. Low globulin levels may signify poor liver function or a weakened immune system. Bilirubin Levels Total Bilirubin: This cellular antioxidant is secreted as a result of red blood cell breakdown. High bilirubin levels can cause jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin) due to obstructed bile flow or an overwhelmed liver. Direct Bilirubin: Also known as conjugated bilirubin, this type specifically indicates whether there's an issue with bile secretion from the liver into the intestines. Indirect Bilirubin: An elevated level suggests that there might be excessive red blood cell destruction happening within your body. Liver Enzymes: Alkaline Phosphatase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Transaminases Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): High ALP levels may indicate bone problems or liver damage. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Found in heart muscle tissue, abnormal LDH levels can signal potential heart issues. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): Low levels are normal; however, high AST levels suggest muscle damage or liver problems due to excessive alcohol consumption. In such cases, patients should stop drinking and retest after a few weeks. Alanine Transaminases (ALT): This enzyme is commonly found in the liver. Elevated ALT is a sign of potential liver damage from toxins, drugs, or alcohol. Important note: Resistance exercise can increase liver enzymes. A study performed in Sweden and published in the February 2008 issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology was designed to investigate the effect of intensive muscular exercise (weightlifting) on a single occasion on liver enzymes in healthy men not used to performing weightlifting on a regular basis. A secondary objective was to investigate the effect of a single occasion of intensive muscular exercise (weightlifting) on clinical chemistry parameters reflecting muscle damage, i.e., creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin. Fifteen healthy men, used to moderate physical activity, not including weightlifting, performed a 1-hour-long weight training program. Five out of eight studied clinical chemistry parameters (AST, ALT, LD, CK, and myoglobin) increased significantly after exercise and remained elevated for at least 7 days postexercise. Bilirubin, GGT, and ALP remained within the normal range. The liver function parameters, AST and ALT, were significantly increased for at least 7 days after the exercise. In addition, LD and, in particular, CK and myoglobin showed highly elevated levels. These findings highlight the importance of imposing restrictions on weightlifting prior to and during clinical studies to avoid making wrong assumptions about liver toxicity caused by study medications. Intensive muscular exercise, e.g., weightlifting, should also be considered a cause of asymptomatic elevations of liver function tests in daily clinical practice. This is why GGT may be more accurate for men who actively do weight training. Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) An increase in GGT might signify serious liver issues like cirrhosis or hepatitis. Regular monitoring of this enzyme through a liver panel test is essential for early detection and treatment of any underlying conditions affecting your liver's health. A liver panel test can be a useful indicator of shifts in the amounts of enzymes and proteins within your body, enabling you to take steps if necessary. To ensure optimal health, it's important to be aware of the recommended frequency for liver panel tests The Significance of Early Detection Through Testing Regular monitoring with liver function tests is crucial for maintaining overall health since some symptoms may not appear until it's too late. Early detection allows doctors to recommend therapies or lifestyle changes that can help mitigate issues while giving the liver an opportunity to regenerate itself. In this section, we will discuss when and how often you should get tested. When Should You Get Tested? It's always better to do a liver function test sooner rather than later. Certain liver issues may not cause any indications, so you could be oblivious to their presence. It's recommended to do a liver test panel periodically when taking certain medications that might affect your liver, as well as if you see apparent symptoms of liver problems such as yellowing of the eyes. How Often Should You Test? Routine Check-ups: If you don't have any known risk factors or pre-existing conditions related to your liver, getting tested every one or two years during routine check-ups is generally sufficient. Risk Factors: For those with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, a family history of liver disease, or excessive alcohol consumption; more frequent testing (every six months) is advisable. Taking Medications: If you're taking long-term medication that has potential side effects on the liver, regular monitoring (every three months) would be prudent in order to catch any adverse reactions early on. Besides these general guidelines, it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider regarding personalized testing recommendations based on your unique health profile and circumstances. Remember, early detection is key to preventing liver damage and ensuring optimal liver function. Once you have been tested and received the results, your doctor will help you interpret them. In some cases, and only if necessary, you might need to do additional tests, such as a hepatitis virus test. A biopsy might also be required to confirm a specific diagnosis before beginning treatment. Early detection through testing is a critical factor in safeguarding your health, since it allows for the identification of any potential issues prior to them becoming more serious. With this knowledge, we can now look at additional tests based on the initial results to further assess the condition of your liver.   Key Takeaway:  Regular liver function tests are crucial for maintaining overall health and detecting asymptomatic liver problems early on. The frequency of testing depends on risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, a family history of liver disease, or excessive alcohol consumption. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized testing recommendations based on individual circumstances. Additional Tests Based on Initial Results After receiving the results of your comprehensive liver panel test, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and guidance. In some cases, elevated levels of certain enzymes may warrant further examination through additional tests. These supplementary assessments can provide more specific diagnoses and help determine the most appropriate course of treatment for liver-related issues. Hepatitis Virus Testing If abnormal enzyme levels are detected during the initial liver panel test, hepatitis virus testing might be recommended by your doctor. Viral infections like hepatitis A, B, or C cause hepatitis, which is an inflammation of the liver. Left untreated, hepatitis virus infections can result in chronic liver disease and potentially life-threatening complications. Hepatitis A: Typically transmitted through contaminated food or water sources, vaccination is available for prevention. Hepatitis B: Transmitted via blood or bodily fluids; vaccination available for prevention. Hepatitis C: Primarily spread through contact with infected blood; no vaccine is currently available, but curative treatments exist. Liver Biopsy In instances where further clarification is needed after initial test results and hepatitis virus testing have been conducted, a doctor may recommend undergoing a liver biopsy. This procedure involves removing a small sample of liver tissue using a needle, which will then be examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities that could indicate conditions such as: Fatty liver disease: A buildup of fat in the liver cells, which can lead to inflammation and scarring. Cirrhosis: Severe scarring of the liver that impairs its ability to function properly. Hepatitis or other infections: Inflammation caused by viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections that damage the liver. Liver cancer: Malignant tumors originating from the liver tissue itself or spreading from another part of the body (metastatic). Taking a proactive approach to your health through regular monitoring with liver panel tests is essential for early detection and intervention. By identifying potential issues before they become severe, you give yourself an opportunity to make lifestyle changes and seek appropriate treatments under professional guidance. Remember that knowledge is power when it comes to maintaining optimal health. Subsequent assessments based on preliminary findings can furnish a more precise understanding of your liver condition, enabling an exacter prognosis. To make testing even easier, Discounted Labs offers convenient and affordable options for ordering lab tests online.   Key Takeaway:  After receiving the results of a liver panel test, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and guidance. Abnormal enzyme levels may warrant further examination through additional tests such as hepatitis virus testing or liver biopsy to identify potential issues before they become severe. Convenient and Affordable Testing Options With the increasing importance of liver health, it's essential to have access to convenient and affordable testing options. Thankfully, modern technology has made it possible for individuals to order blood test panels online through websites like DiscountedLabs.com. This innovative service offers a wide range of tests at competitive prices, making it easier than ever before for people to monitor their liver function regularly. Online Ordering of Liver Function Tests The process of ordering a comprehensive hepatic function panel is quite simple. All you need to do is visit DiscountedLabs.com and select the appropriate test from their extensive list. Once you've placed your order, they will send you a form via email that contains all the necessary information required by your local lab. No doctor's visit: One significant advantage of using this service is that there's no need for a doctor's appointment or referral. You can directly order the tests yourself without any hassle. User-friendly interface: The website features an easy-to-navigate design with clear instructions on how to proceed with each step in the ordering process. Coverage across most cities in the U.S.: With numerous partner labs located throughout most cities in the United States, finding one near you should be relatively straightforward. Receiving Results Quickly A key benefit of utilizing online services like DiscountedLabs.com lies in their ability to deliver results quickly and efficiently. Once the blood sample has been taken, DiscountedLabs.com typically returns results within a few business days, allowing you to quickly take any necessary action to maintain your liver's health. This rapid turnaround time allows you to take prompt action if any issues are detected, ensuring that your liver remains in optimal condition. Confidentiality: Rest assured that your personal information and test results will be kept strictly confidential, as DiscountedLabs.com adheres to strict privacy policies. Ease of interpretation: The results provided by the lab are easy to understand, with clear explanations for each enzyme or protein level measured. Should the need arise, a healthcare expert can always be consulted to further elucidate the results.  By taking advantage of online services like DiscountedLabs.com, you can ensure that your liver function is regularly monitored without breaking the bank or sacrificing convenience. So why wait? Order a comprehensive liver panel test today and take control of your health.   Key Takeaway:  DiscountedLabs.com offers a convenient and affordable way to monitor liver function through the online ordering of comprehensive liver panel tests without the need for a doctor's visit. With quick results, easy interpretation, confidentiality, and coverage across most cities in the U.S., individuals can take control of their health by regularly monitoring their liver function. FAQs in Relation to Liver Function Test What is a liver function test? These tests help detect liver diseases or damage early on, allowing for timely treatment and management of any underlying conditions. How often should I get a liver function test? The frequency of getting a liver function test depends on your individual risk factors, such as family history of liver disease, alcohol consumption habits, or the presence of other medical conditions. Generally speaking, it's recommended to have these tests done annually if you're at higher risk or every 2–5 years if you're at lower risk. What do the results of a liver function test indicate? Results from a liver function test can provide insight into how well your liver is working. Abnormal levels may indicate inflammation, infection (e.g., hepatitis), cirrhosis (scarring), fatty infiltration (steatosis), or even cancer in some cases. It's important to discuss your results with your healthcare provider for proper interpretation and guidance. Are there any risks associated with getting a liver function test? Liver function tests are generally safe, with minimal risks involved since they only require drawing blood samples through venipuncture. Some potential side effects include pain during needle insertion or mild bruising around the puncture site; however, serious complications are rare. How can I prepare for my liver function test at Discounted Labs? To prepare for your liver function test, follow any instructions provided by the testing facility. In general, you should avoid eating or drinking anything other than water for 8–12 hours before the test and inform your healthcare provider of any medications or supplements you're taking, as they may affect the results. Conclusion Understanding liver function tests is crucial for maintaining overall health and wellness.  Early detection through testing is key to preventing serious liver conditions. Additional tests, such as hepatitis virus testing or a liver biopsy, may be necessary based on the initial results. Convenient and affordable online ordering of liver function tests allows individuals to receive their results quickly. If you're interested in monitoring your own health with a discounted panel that includes a liver function test, visit DiscountedLabs.com.   

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is becoming increasingly popular in the United States and worldwide. It provides a safe, scientific treatment option for men who have low testosterone levels. In the US alone, almost 5 million men are hypogonadal (have low testosterone) and most males over 65 have testosterone levels below normal values. TRT doesn't only increase your testosterone levels, it can also provide other benefits, particularly to those who are obese and struggle with type 2 diabetes. Keep reading to discover a few studies that back up the idea that testosterone replacement therapy can improve your diabetes symptoms. Table of Contents Discovering the Effects of TRT on Men with Fatty Liver (NAFLD) Study 1 - TRT Improves NAFLD Grade in Obese Men Study 2 - Long Term TRT Improves Lipid Profile in Men Study 3 - Effects of TRT on Body Measurements Study 4 - TRT Effects on Diabetic Patients Expand Your TRT Knowledge References: Discovering the Effects of TRT on Men with Fatty Liver (NAFLD) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver inflammation that could advance to life-threatening conditions if left untreated. This type of disease is caused by various factors and not by drinking too much alcohol. NAFLD is characterized by an accumulation of fat and toxins around the liver. This restricts blood circulation to this organ and prevents it from doing its job properly. NAFLD usually has little to no symptoms and could advance to liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. One of the main reasons people develop NAFLD is poor diet. Junk food in combination with a sedentary lifestyle could cause NAFLD in men of all ages. With that being said, studies have shown that long-term administration of exogenous testosterone could improve NAFLD and prevent it from advancing to more dangerous stages. Study 1 - TRT Improves NAFLD Grade in Obese Men For example, a study done on 55 obese men shows how beneficial TRT can be for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study was performed over 2 years. All 55 men had testosterone test to prove that they had functional hypogonadism and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The 55 patients were split into two groups. The first group of 28 men was given 1000mg of testosterone undecanoate every 3 months for two consecutive years. The second group contained 27 patients who received a placebo for the first year and 1000mg of testosterone undecanoate for the second year. This was a comprehensive study that looked at multiple parameters and important health signs. For example, both total and free testosterone levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Other important measurements taken were fasting glucose, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, blood count, creatinine, electrolytes, liver enzymes, and more. After two years, the testosterone levels for all 55 men showed impressive changes. The administration of 1000mg of testosterone undecanoate normalized testosterone levels in both groups. Liver measurements also revealed that NAFLD grade was improved and patients no longer experienced significant symptoms associated with this type of liver infection. The improvements began immediately after starting TRT. Another impressive finding is that no side effects were observed as a result of administering TRT for 2 years. The patients didn't experience cardiovascular damage or prostate carcinoma. They report having more energy and self-confidence as a result of taking TRT. This study basically concludes that 1000mg of testosterone undecanoate might be enough to quell the symptoms of low testosterone in men. Additionally, it can reduce NAFLD grade and prevent major liver complications that could be life-threatening. Additionally, the medication adherence was 100% for all study participants. They received testosterone injections in a clinical setting and under medical supervision. Study 2 - Long Term TRT Improves Lipid Profile in Men Let's take a look at another study that reflects how beneficial TRT might be on overweight or obese men who struggle with low testosterone levels. A 12-year study analyzed the lipid profiles of 723 who were diagnosed with hypogonadism. These patients were either overweight or obese. Losing weight seems to be a problem especially in the United States. Carrying extra pounds of fat can lead to multiple life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, not to mention that it can augment some of the symptoms of hypogonadism. Luckily, some studies show that the administration of exogenous testosterone might be able to reduce the amount of fat hypogonadal men carry. This works best when coupled with healthy changes in diet and adhering to basic exercise regimens. In most cases, a short-term administration of testosterone usually lowers HDL levels. HDL is the "good cholesterol" while LDL is the "bad" one. However, more recent studies on long-term administration of testosterone undecanoate might have an inverse reaction. It can improve the lipid profile of patients and increase the levels of HDL. The group of 723 men who participated in this study was split into two categories. The first group contained 367 men and they received 1000mg of testosterone undecanoate for 12 weeks, followed by a pause of 6 weeks. This is the T group. The second group included 356 men and they received no exogenous testosterone. This is called the Control group. All lipid measurements were done before starting the administration of testosterone. For example, the measurements looked at a lipid panel including HDL, LDL, other cholesterol particles, triglycerides, waist circumference, etc. These patients were tested a few times per year and their lipid profile was recorded for comparison. These tests were done over 12 years. The results were clearly advantageous for the testosterone group. For example, HDL cholesterol increased significantly in the T group and decreased in the Control group. The LDL cholesterol decreased in the T group and increased in the Control group. Triglycerides were also measured and they increased in the Control group and significantly decreased in the T group. These results were seen consistently and the adherence to medication is 100%. All testosterone undecanoate injections were administered in a clinical setting under the strict supervision of a medical professional. In conclusion, long-term TRT can improve the lipid profile of overweight or obese men who also struggle with hypogonadism. It will also normalize testosterone levels and bring other benefits to a man's quality of life such as increased libido, more stamina, etc. Study 3 - Effects of TRT on Body Measurements Anthropometric parameters refer to measurements of the human body, particularly dimensions and shape. It's a science that looks at the particular measurements of an individual concerning other individuals in the same group. For example, it tackles waist size and circumference, length of feet, arms, height, weight, and more. This type of information is useful in various industries and fields. For example, experts in ergonomics and clothes designing need to know the general body measurements of individuals to create better and more efficient products and services. At the same time, anthropometric parameters need to be studied in relation to weight loss/gain as a result of following fitness programs or TRT protocols. This helps medical professionals come up with improvements and adjustments to help patients achieve their desired body shape, composition, and body mass index (BMI.) Multiple studies show that long-term administration of testosterone undecanoate can help improve anthropometric parameters in men with hypogonadism. For example, a 12-year study performed on hundreds of hypogonadal and obese men proves this fact. 476 men with low testosterone levels and obesity were selected for this long-term study. Their body measurements, dimensions, and shapes were recorded at the beginning of the study. This data was also updated with each visit for more than 12 years in a row. 281 men decided to receive 1000mg of testosterone undecanoate for 12 weeks, followed by a pause of 6 weeks. 195 men decided not to take exogenous testosterone and they were part of the control group. Some of the measurements recorded by medical experts were age, height, weight, waist circumference, BMI, fasting glucose, blood lipids, and more. A special emphasis was put on anthropometric measurements since this was the purpose of the study. The study results are impressive. Waist circumference decreased in the group who received testosterone undecanoate and increased in the control group. Weight decreased in the group who received exogenous testosterone and increased for patients who weren't on TRT. The BMI also decreased for the testosterone group and increased slightly for the control group. The waist-height ratio decreased for those who took testosterone and increased for the control group. Visceral adiposity is a parameter that measures the amount of visceral fat in a person. Visceral fat is a type of fat that envelops the organs. It's one of the most dangerous types of fats since it can promote the accumulation of toxins and reduce organ function. In the testosterone group, visceral adiposity decreased. It increased for the control group. In conclusion, the group who received testosterone undecanoate frequently experienced major improvements in anthropometric measurements. Apart from having higher testosterone levels after 12 years of TRT, they achieved better body composition and increased libido. It's important to note that medication adherence was also 100%. All testosterone injections were administered in a clinical setting, similar to the other studies mentioned in this article. Study 4 - TRT Effects on Diabetic Patients Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and life-threatening disease. Almost 50% of hypogonadal men experience problems with processing sugar or are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. This type of disease can be controlled with medicine, but it causes other health complications and decreases the quality of life. Luckily, multiple studies start to reveal the benefits of testosterone therapy for people with diabetes. Administering exogenous testosterone seems to improve the health of the patients, particularly their ability to process sugar. The positive results are best seen in long-term studies. For example, a 12-yearlong study performed on 865 men shows how a frequent administration of testosterone undecanoate can improve glycemic control, diabetes tests and the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. 361 of these men were previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. 183 of them received a regular dose of 1000mg testosterone undecanoate for 12 weeks. 178 men decided not to take exogenous testosterone. All of the study participants had documented low levels of testosterone and many of them were also obese. Multiple parameters were measured for the study participants such as their glucose levels, waist circumference, blood pressure, and more. These measurements were done at the beginning of the study and on a regular basis for 12 years. The study findings are clearly advantageous for the group that received testosterone. For example, glycemic control improved significantly for those on TRT. This means that the participants received less and less insulin or anti-diabetes medications to stabilize their glucose levels. On the other hand, 22 patients from the control group started taking insulin during the 12 years. Fasting glucose and A1c also decreased in the testosterone group and increased for those who decided against TRT. Another important finding is that weight and waist circumference decreased for the testosterone group while increased for the control one. This is another proof that TRT can improve anthropometric measurements in hypogonadal and obese men who struggle with type 2 diabetes. Since all the testosterone injections were administered in a clinical setting, it's impossible to ignore the validity and impressive findings of this study. This prompts more health experts to look at the potential benefits of long-term testosterone for hypogonadal men. On top of that, the combination of lifestyle changes coupled with a frequent administration of testosterone undecanoate might be able to reduce the mortality rate in hypogonadal men. Some of these lifestyle changes involve physical exercises and a clean diet, free of junk and processed foods. Interestingly, pre-diabetics who follow a TRT protocol might also experience significant improvements in their blood glucose levels. This means that it might be possible to prevent diabetes altogether by administering the right amount of testosterone to individuals who need it. Expand Your TRT Knowledge Although there is much to be learned about testosterone and TRT in general, there is a significant body of evidence available online for those who want to learn more. For example, the Excelmale.com Forum contains hundreds of answers to questions about testosterone. This TRT forum is backed up by scientific studies and it can help you learn more about why some men have low testosterone levels and how they can mitigate this problem. You can get answers to your questions from experienced medical doctors, healthcare professionals, and TRT patients who have followed testosterone protocols for years.   References:   1- Endocrine Abstracts (2021) 73 PEP7.1 2- Endocrine Abstracts (2021) 73 AEP162 3- Endocrine Abstracts (2021) 73 AEP162 4- Endocrine Abstracts (2021) 73 OC2.3    

Table of Contents   What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel?    Why Should You Get a CMP Lab Test?  What is a CMP Blood Test Used For?  Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Results  CMP Blood Test Measurements in More Detail    What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel?    A comprehensive metabolic panel (also known as a CMP blood test, comp metabolic panel, or CMP lab test) is a laboratory test that measures 14 different substances in a person’s blood. A CMP blood test provides important information about your body's chemical balance and metabolism – the process of how the body uses food and energy. We’ll get into specific detail about the comp metabolic panel in a minute, but the important takeaway is this: Abnormal levels of any of the substances we’ll be getting into, or in some cases, a combination of abnormalities can be a sign of a serious health problem.   Why Should You Get a CMP Lab Test?    The disease process can be very long. Therefore, even though your body may be heading down the road to serious heart disease, you may not notice symptoms for many months and often many years. And it’s not just for heart disease, as few diseases show up at your doorstep waving a big banner that reads: Welcome to Kidney Disease. That’s just not how the human body works. Just think about the word, disease, or dis-ease, meaning a body, not at ease. Your body can be in a state of dis-ease for as long as 10 or 20 years and then (not so) suddenly, you’ve got a serious problem on your hands. And one that may be nearly impossible to reverse. The last thing you want is to find out about disease by experiencing physical signs and symptoms or by a physical diagnosis. By then, it could be too late. And I don’t mean to sound like an alarmist; this is just how the human body works. For this reason, a comp metabolic panel is usually done as part of a larger routine checkup, and often when a healthcare provider thinks a patient may have kidney or liver disease. But as you now know, by the time those suspicions can be seen and felt physically, you’re already well into the disease process.   What is a CMP Blood Test Used For?    A CMP lab test is used to evaluate several body processes and functions, including:   Liver and kidney health Blood sugar levels Blood protein levels Acid and base balance Fluid and electrolyte balance Metabolism Side effects of some medications   A comprehensive metabolic panel, meaning all the tests you’ll see below, can be taken from just one blood sample. However, a CMP metabolic panel can also include a urine test and a thyroid test, as the point of the test is to get a comprehensive view of a person’s complete physical function. Now let’s look at what each test in the comprehensive metabolic panel measures and what those high or low numbers mean for you. However, it should be noted that we won’t get into specific numbers as these will often have no meaning for all but experienced healthcare professionals.   Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Results    Glucose (fasting or non-fasting)   What it is: Sugar in the blood What a low number means for you: Hypoglycemia, liver disease, adrenal insufficiency, excess insulin What a high number means for you: Hyperglycemia, certain types of diabetes, prediabetes, pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism   Sodium (Na)   What it is: An electrolyte which keeps your body in balance What a low number means for you: Use of diuretics, diarrhea, adrenal insufficiency What a high number means for you: Kidney dysfunction, dehydration, Cushing's syndrome   Potassium (K)   What it is: An electrolyte and mineral What a low number means for you: Use of diuretics or corticosteroids (such as prednisone or cortisone What a high number means for you: Acute or chronic kidney failure, Addison's disease, diabetes, dehydration   Chloride (Cl)   What it is: An electrolyte What a low number means for you: Emphysema, chronic lung disease What a high number means for you: Dehydration, Cushing's syndrome, kidney disease   Carbon dioxide (bicarbonate) (CO2)   What it is: Gaseous waste product from metabolism What a low number means for you: Kidney disease, certain toxic exposures, severe infection What a high number means for you: Lung diseases, including COPD   BUN (blood urea nitrogen)   What it is: A waste product formed in the liver and carried to the kidneys, filtered out of blood, and excreted through urine What a low number means for you: Malnutrition What a high number means for you: Liver or kidney disease, heart failure   Creatinine   What it is: A chemical waste produced by muscle metabolism What a low number means for you: Low muscle mass, malnutrition What a high number means for you: Chronic or temporary decrease in kidney function   BUN/creatinine ratio   What it is: The ratio between BUN and creatinine What a low number means for you: Malnutrition What a high number means for you: Blood in bowels, kidney obstruction, dehydration   Calcium (Ca)   What it is: A mineral stored in the hard part of bones What a low number means for you: Calcium, magnesium, or Vitamin D deficiency; malnutrition; pancreatitis; neurological disorders What a high number means for you: Kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, cancer, excess vitamin D intake   Magnesium (Mg)   What it is: An electrolyte What a low number means for you: Diabetes, high blood calcium levels, kidney disease, pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism What a high number means for you: Dehydration, Addison's disease, hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, kidney failure   Protein (total)   What it is: Chains of amino acids essential for the growth and repair of cells What a low number means for you: Malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease What a high number means for you: Liver disease, kidney disease, dehydration, multiple myeloma, WM   Albumin   What it is: Protein that keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and that nourishes tissues and transports nutrients through the body What a low number means for you: Malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease What a high number means for you: Dehydration   Globulin   What it is: Alpha, beta, and gamma proteins; some are produced by the liver and others by the immune system What a low number means for you: Malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease What a high number means for you: Multiple myeloma, WM, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune diseases   Albumin/globulin ratio   What it is: The ratio between albumin and globulin What a low number means for you: Multiple myeloma, WM, autoimmune diseases, liver disease, kidney disease What a high number means for you: Certain genetic conditions, some leukemias, liver dysfunction, hypogammaglobulinemia   Bilirubin (direct or total)   What it is: A pigment in the bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver What a low number means for you: Generally not a concern What a high number means for you: Liver disease, bile duct disorder, red cell destruction   Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)   What it is: Enzyme found in the liver and bones What a low number means for you: Malnutrition What a high number means for you: Paget's disease or certain cancers that spread to bone, bile duct obstruction, liver cancer   Alanine amino-transferase (ALT)   What it is: Enzyme found mostly in the liver What a low number means for you: Generally not a concern What a high number means for you: Certain toxins such as excess acetaminophen or alcohol, hepatitis   Aspartate amino-transferase (AST)   What it is: Enzyme found in liver, muscle, and other tissues What a low number means for you: Generally not a concern What a high number means for you: Excess acetaminophen, hepatitis muscle injury   Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)   What it is: Checks how well the kidneys are working by estimating how much blood passes through the glomeruli (filters) of the kidneys each minute. It is calculated with a formula. What a low number means for you: Chronic kidney disease or kidney failure; GFR decreases progressively with age What a high number means for you: Generally not a concern   If you’ve been tested recently and you’re wondering about the base level measurements for all the tests outlined above, check out this table: (link to table) These measurements are only for the U.S. or in other words, non-metric.   CMP Blood Test Measurements in More Detail    Serum glucose is used to diagnose diabetes. If your glucose measurement is 126 on a fasting blood draw (blood drawn first thing in the morning after an overnight fast), then you have diabetes, assuming another test confirms the diagnosis. Uric acid measurement is how gout is diagnosed. The BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) is often at abnormal levels in people with kidney disease, dehydration, and heart failure, malnutrition, and liver disease. Serum creatinine is used to measure kidney function. The BUN to creatinine ratio provides information on possible causes of kidney dysfunction, heart failure, dehydration, or decreased kidney blood flow. Serum sodium can be increased in people suffering from dehydration and decreased in diarrhetic therapy and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Serum potassium can be increased in adrenal insufficiency and acute renal failure, as well as with an inappropriate combination of medicines. Potassium could be decreased in primary aldosteronism, diuretic therapy, and renal tubular acidosis. Serum chloride can be increased in people suffering from dehydration and renal tubular acidosis, and it can be decreased in congestive heart failure and primary aldosteronism. Carbon dioxide can be increased in primary pulmonary disease, such as severe COPD and in primary aldosteronism. It can be decreased in metabolic acidoses, such as with diabetic ketoacidosis. Serum calcium can be increased in an endocrine disease known as primary hyperthyroidism. It can also be increased in malignancy. However, most of the time, when a person has a sudden rise in serum calcium, it's simply due to hyperparathyroidism, which can be treated. However, you can also have decreased serum calcium in hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency. Serum phosphorus can be increased in acute or chronic renal failure and decreased in malabsorption and vitamin D deficiency. Total serum protein can be increased in multiple myeloma and sarcoidosis, and it can be decreased in chronic glomerulonephritis – a type of chronic renal disease. Serum albumin can be decreased in liver disease, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome. Total globulin and albumin to globulin ratio can be increased or decreased due to several causes. Total bilirubin can be increased in hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, and in bile duct blocks, either within the liver or within the bile duct that drains the gallbladder and the liver. Direct bilirubin is increased in the same things as total bilirubin, but the ratio of direct to total gives us further information on the causes. For instance, one of the most common causes of a mildly elevated total bilirubin found on a routine CMP blood test is a syndrome called Gilbert's disease. Alkaline phosphatase can be increased in bone disease and liver disease and decreased in malnutrition and celiac disease. AST, ALT, and GGT are often called liver enzyme tests. However, they don't measure liver function, but rather give evidence of liver damage. They can also be elevated when there is damage to other parts of the body. They can be increased in liver disease, muscle disease, pancreatitis. And the GGT can be a sensitive indicator of alcoholism.   We did say this article would be everything you needed to know, however, let us repeat the main takeaway: You have to be tested regularly to catch any of these diseases before they become an uncorrectable problem. And thanks to our modern world where we all have more access to these tests, you don’t even need to see a doctor.   Check out Discounted Labs Comprehensive Metabolic Panel today. It includes 14 of the most important tests we outlined above. The CMP blood test functions as a checkup for kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte and fluid balance.   Don’t put off these tests any longer. The information you get back may mean the difference between great health and poor health. There’s no room for regret when it comes to your health.