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Table of Contents A Brief Introduction to Chloride What Are the Functions of Chloride? Foods Rich in Chloride Drugs That Might Increase Chloride Ways To Reduce Chloride in the Blood Health Problems Caused by Too Much Chloride Chloride and the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Substances Tested by The CMP Blood Test Take the Chloride Test Today!   Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the human body. It pairs up with other electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, and they ensure that your body's pH balance remains stable. This means that your blood doesn't become too acidic or alkaline, as these states could damage organs and tissues. Unfortunately, having too much chloride in the body can also happen to individuals of all ages. This can lead to many health problems, and a reliable way to detect if you have too much chloride is by doing a blood test. Please keep reading to learn more about this substance and its role in the body. A Brief Introduction to Chloride As mentioned earlier, chloride is one of the main electrolytes in the body, and it's present in many foods, including common table salt. The average chloride levels in the body should be between 98 and 107 mEq/L of blood. Having too little chloride in the body is rare, but many people experience hyperchloremia, having high levels of chloride in the bloodstream. The symptoms of having too much chloride are apparent, and if you have some of them, you should act immediately. For example, fatigue and not being in the mood for anything are common symptoms of hyperchloremia. Similarly, you might experience dehydration, loss of muscle coordination, and confusion if you have too much chloride in the body. What Are the Functions of Chloride? Chloride is responsible for multiple essential functions in the human body. For example, it helps transmit nerve signals between the body and brain. This allows you to coordinate your muscles properly and perform various daily tasks. Similarly, chloride also ensures that your heart muscles are contracting correctly when pumping out blood throughout the body. Chloride is also responsible for maintaining healthy blood pressure. Another essential function of chloride consists of the metabolism of substances and nutrients. For example, chloride helps to push nutrients inside your body's cells so that you have energy throughout the day. Chloride also plays a crucial role in digestion as it helps the body release hydrochloric acid, which breaks down the foods you eat. Lastly, chloride is paramount for the proper oxygenation of the body. It helps with the exchange of gasses inside your lungs so that your body receives enough oxygenated blood to function normally. As you can see, chloride is a vital substance, and that's why your priority should be to have normal levels of it in your bloodstream. Foods Rich in Chloride As mentioned earlier, chloride can be found in table salt, and ingesting too much salt is one of the leading causes of hyperchloremia in adults. Other foods also contain chloride, but they are not as addictive as table salt. For example, olives, lettuce, and tomatoes contain high amounts of chloride, and if your levels of this mineral are low, you should eat more of these foods to reestablish electrolyte balance. Similarly, rye is another type of food that contains a lot of chloride and celery. If you have been diagnosed with high chloride, it's recommended that you reduce the intake of these foods to protect your health. Drugs That Might Increase Chloride Certain drugs or medications that you take might increase chloride levels, and it's essential to know this before you do the test. For example, estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, and it can significantly increase chloride levels, so tell your doctor if you take this hormone before testing. Similarly, cortisone which is used to treat pain and inflammation, can also increase chloride levels in people of all ages. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or Advil might also raise chloride levels in your bloodstream. Although you might not need to stop taking some of these drugs before doing a chloride test, it's essential to communicate with your doctor and tell them any medications you might take. This will help produce a better diagnosis when it comes to your real chloride levels. Ways To Reduce Chloride in the Blood You might be happy to find out that there are many ways you can naturally reduce blood chloride levels. First of all, start by drinking more water. A common symptom of having too much chlorine in your system is dehydration, so if you drink more water, you will maintain a healthy electrolyte balance. Also, by drinking more water, you give your kidneys a chance to flush out more chloride naturally. Another great way to reduce chloride levels is by eating less table salt. Many people get into the habit of adding more salt to any food or meal they eat. This might improve the taste a little bit, but you will also get high amounts of salt in your bloodstream, increasing chloride levels. Most foods and ingredients already have a lot of salt added to them by manufacturers, so try to kick the habit of adding more salt to each dish. At the same time, having too little chloride in the body can cause problems. This usually happens to individuals who drink too much caffeine or alcohol. These two substances tend to increase urination, and your body flushes out many electrolytes, including chloride. At the same time, nicotine can also increase chloride excretion, and your levels might drop to unhealthy levels. Lastly, uncontrolled diabetes might also cause an imbalance in your electrolyte level. This happens because your body gets confused about processing glucose and pushing it inside cells for energy. If you regularly have high blood sugar levels, consider taking medications to control your diabetes. This should be done under the supervision of your primary healthcare provider. Health Problems Caused by Too Much Chloride Hyperchloremia can cause a lot of problems in the body, and that's why you should test for this substance regularly. First of all, having too much chloride in your system might be caused by kidneys that don't function properly. If you're diagnosed with renal disease and don't try to reduce chloride levels, these organs will only worsen over time. The complications can lead to complete kidney failure, which can be a life-threatening disease. Secondly, too much chloride in the bloodstream can also lead to heart and muscle problems. Remember that this electrolyte is responsible for proper signal transmission between your brain and body. Suppose you routinely have too much chloride in the bloodstream. In that case, this will only lead to impaired muscle growth, poor muscle coordination, and cardiovascular complications as your heart muscle doesn't contract properly. Chloride and the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel You might be happy to find out that the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel is a complex test that checks multiple electrolytes, minerals, and substances in your body at the same time. This test is inexpensive, and it uses a single blood sample to measure your chloride, calcium, sodium, potassium levels, and other substances related to your kidney and liver. You can order this test online and receive a form to print when you visit a nearby clinic to draw blood. The blood sample is analyzed using state-of-the-art medical equipment that's safe and accurate. You will get the results back in a few days by mail, and you can compare the numbers against reference values. If you have too much chloride in your bloodstream or other electrolytes are unbalanced, you can talk to your doctor to see what treatment options are available for you. Substances Tested by The CMP Blood Test In addition to the main electrolytes found in the body, the CMP also checks the health of your vital organs, such as the kidney and liver. For example, this complete panel measures the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, and other substances your kidneys produce. These vital organs need to eliminate excess creatinine and other substances regularly, so if your levels are high, you might deal with kidney disease. Having elevated levels of these substances might mean that your kidneys are not working properly. Similarly, the CMP blood test also checks various substances and hormones related to your liver, such as transaminase, bilirubin, and others. Having abnormal levels of these substances might signify a liver problem, and you need to know about it. The good news is that this panel looks at your electrolytes, kidney, and liver in one test. You will save money and time as you don't have to order these tests individually. Take the Chloride Test Today! Whether you go for the individual high chloride test or the CMP blood test, you are doing the right thing. These tests provide an accurate snapshot of your mineral and electrolyte levels and based on the results you get, you can take adequate actions to protect and improve your health. Get the CMP panel from Discountedlabs.com today and learn more about your pH balance.   ======================== References: Chloride: foods, functions, how much do you need & more What Is a Chloride Test? Hyperchloremia (High Chloride Levels)

Understanding Your CBC Blood Test Results Key Highlights A complete blood count (CBC) test measures various components of your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets- The results of a CBC can provide valuable information about your overall health and help detect blood disorders or immune responses. Understanding your CBC results is important for interpreting your blood count, including the normal range for each component. The test requires a blood sample, but there is no special preparation needed, and the procedure is relatively low-risk. Interpreting your CBC results can help identify any abnormalities in your blood count, such as low or high levels of red or white blood cells, which may indicate certain health conditions. Introduction A CBC blood test, also known as a complete blood count, is a commonly performed lab test that provides valuable information about your blood health. By measuring various components of your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a CBC test can help detect and monitor a wide range of health conditions. Understanding your CBC results can provide insights into your overall health and help identify any abnormalities in your blood count, including potential issues with your blood vessels. Blood plays a vital role in your body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to different tissues and organs while removing waste products. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells play an important role in the immune response, and platelets help with blood clotting. By analyzing the levels of these different blood components, a CBC test can provide important information about your health. During a CBC test, a small sample of blood is taken from your vein, typically from your arm. The sample is then collected into a test tube or vial and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results of the CBC test are usually available within a few days and are presented in the form of a blood count report. This process involves only a small amount of blood and typically takes less than five minutes. Understanding the components analyzed in a CBC test and their reference ranges can help you interpret your results and gain insights into your blood health. It's crucial to remember that a healthcare professional should interpret your CBC results after taking into account your medical history, symptoms, and other factors, such as the possibility of mild anemia. Overview of CBC Blood Test A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that measures several components of your blood to assess your overall health and detect any abnormalities. It is one of the most frequently ordered blood tests and provides valuable information about your blood count, including the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. To perform a CBC, a healthcare provider will draw a small sample of blood from your vein, typically from your arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The CBC test measures the number of red blood cells (RBC count), white blood cells, and platelets in your blood, as well as other parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The number of red blood cells in your blood, also known as the red blood cell count, indicates the number of oxygen-carrying cells in your body. White blood cells play a crucial role in your immune system, fighting off infections and diseases. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding. In addition to the cell counts, a CBC also provides information about the size, shape, and concentration of your red blood cells. These parameters can help identify specific blood disorders, such as anemia or leukemia. Overall, a CBC is a valuable tool for healthcare providers to assess your overall health and monitor any changes in your blood count. It is commonly used in routine check-ups, as well as to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions. The Importance of CBC Tests in Health Monitoring CBC tests play a crucial role in monitoring your overall health and detecting various blood disorders. By measuring the different components of your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a CBC test can provide valuable information about your immune response and potential health issues. Monitoring your blood count through CBC tests can help identify abnormalities that may indicate the presence of an infection, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions. For example, a low white blood cell count, also known as leukopenia, may suggest a weakened immune system, making you more susceptible to infections and signs of infection. On the other hand, a high white blood cell count, known as leukocytosis, may indicate an ongoing infection or an inflammatory condition. Additionally, factors like poor diet and nutrition, alcohol abuse, or autoimmune diseases can contribute to a decreased WBC count, also known as leukopenia. Understanding the results of your CBC test, including a decreased WBC count, is crucial for monitoring your overall health. CBC tests can also help diagnose and monitor blood disorders such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. Abnormalities in red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, or platelet count can provide insights into these conditions. Regular CBC tests as part of your health monitoring routine can help detect potential issues early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. It is important to discuss your CBC results with your healthcare provider to fully understand their implications and take appropriate actions if necessary. What Components are Analyzed in a CBC? A complete blood count (CBC) analyzes various components of your blood to assess your overall health and detect any abnormalities. The main components analyzed in a CBC include: Red blood cell count: This measures the number of red blood cells in your blood, which carry oxygen to your body's tissues. Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen. It is responsible for the red color of blood. Hematocrit: This measures the percentage of red blood cells in your total blood volume. White blood cell count: White blood cells are part of your immune system and help fight off infections and diseases. Platelet count: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. These components are analyzed to assess your blood count and identify any abnormalities that may indicate underlying health conditions. The results of a CBC test, along with your medical history and symptoms, can help healthcare providers make an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Preparing for Your CBC Test Preparing for a CBC test is usually straightforward and typically does not require any special preparation. However, there may be some specific instructions or fasting requirements, depending on your healthcare provider's recommendations. It is important to follow any instructions given to ensure accurate test results. In general, you do not need to fast before a CBC test, unless your healthcare provider specifically instructs you to do so. Fasting requirements may be necessary for certain blood tests, but for a CBC, it is usually not required. You can eat and drink normally before the test. If you have any concerns or questions about the preparation for your CBC test, it is best to consult with your healthcare provider or the laboratory conducting the test for specific instructions. Steps to Take Before Your Test Before your CBC test, it is important to follow any special instructions given by your healthcare provider. These instructions may vary depending on your specific situation and any underlying health conditions you may have. Here are some general steps to take before your test: Consult with your healthcare provider: Talk to your healthcare provider about the purpose of the test and any specific instructions you need to follow. Provide relevant medical information: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications, supplements, or medical conditions you have that may affect the test results. Follow fasting instructions (if applicable): If fasting is required for your CBC test, follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Fasting usually involves avoiding food and drinks, except for water, for a certain period before the test. Arrive on time: Make sure to arrive at the designated location on time for your blood draw. It is important to be well-rested and relaxed before the test to minimize any discomfort. By following these steps and any additional instructions provided by your healthcare provider, you can ensure accurate and reliable CBC test results. Understanding Fasting Requirements Fasting requirements for a CBC test are usually not necessary. Unlike certain blood tests that require fasting to obtain accurate results, a CBC test can be performed without fasting. Fasting refers to abstaining from food and beverages, except for water, for a specific period of time before a blood test. Fasting is typically required for tests that measure glucose levels, cholesterol levels, or certain hormones. However, a CBC test primarily focuses on assessing the count and characteristics of blood cells, which are not significantly affected by food or beverages consumed. It is important to always follow the specific fasting requirements given by your healthcare provider before a blood test to ensure accurate results. If your healthcare provider has not specifically instructed you to fast before your CBC test, you should not need to do so. It is important to follow the specific instructions given by your healthcare provider to ensure accurate and reliable test results. Interpreting Your CBC Results Interpreting your CBC results can provide valuable insights into your blood count and overall health. The results of a CBC test are typically presented in the form of a blood count report, which includes various parameters and reference ranges for each component analyzed. Reference ranges are used to determine whether your blood count falls within normal limits. Deviations from the reference ranges may indicate potential health issues or abnormalities. It is important to keep in mind that reference ranges can vary slightly among different laboratories, as some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Your healthcare provider will explain the significance of your specific results in relation to the normal value ranges. For example, a low red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, or hematocrit level may indicate anemia, which can result from blood loss, bone marrow failure, or other medical conditions. On the other hand, a high red blood cell count may suggest polycythemia vera or other underlying conditions. High red blood cell count is common in men with high hematocrit on testosterone replacement therapy. A healthcare provider should interpret your CBC results because it requires medical expertise. They will consider your complete medical history, symptoms, and other factors to accurately interpret your results and determine the appropriate course of action if necessary. What Do High or Low CBC Blood Test Levels Indicate? High or low levels of certain components in your CBC results can indicate various health conditions. Here are some examples: High red blood cell count: A high red blood cell count may indicate polycythemia vera, a condition characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells. It can also be a sign of underlying medical conditions, such as lung or heart disease. Low red blood cell count: A low red blood cell count may indicate anemia, which can result from blood loss, bone marrow failure, or other medical conditions. Low white blood cell count: A low white blood cell count, also known as leukopenia, can be a sign of a weakened immune system or certain medical conditions, such as bone marrow failure or autoimmune diseases. High white blood cell count: A high white blood cell count, also known as leukocytosis, can indicate an infection, inflammation, or other underlying medical conditions. Low platelet count: A low platelet count, also known as thrombocytopenia, can lead to increased bleeding or difficulty with blood clotting. High platelet count: A high platelet count, also known as thrombocytosis, can be associated with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, inflammation, or infection. It's important to remember that interpreting CBC results requires medical expertise. Your healthcare provider will provide further explanation and guidance based on your specific results and medical history. What are Red Blood Cell Indexes Included in the CBC Blood Test? Red Blood Cell (RBC) indexes are parameters that provide information about the size, shape, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells. These indexes are commonly used in a complete blood count (CBC) to help diagnose various types of anemia and other blood disorders. The main RBC indexes include Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): MCV measures the average size of red blood cells. Abnormal MCV levels can indicate different types of anemia. For example, a low MCV may suggest iron deficiency anemia, while a high MCV could be a sign of vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency anemia. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): MCH calculates the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It helps in diagnosing conditions such as hyperchromic anemia or hypochromic anemia based on high or low MCH levels, respectively. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): MCHC shows how much hemoglobin is in a certain amount of packed red blood cells. It is useful in differentiating between types of anemia, such as hypochromic or hyperchromic anemias. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): RDW measures the variation in size and shape of red blood cells. High RDW values can indicate conditions like iron deficiency anemia or certain vitamin deficiencies. Interpreting RBC indexes alongside other CBC parameters can provide valuable insights into a patient's overall health and help healthcare providers make accurate diagnoses and treatment plans related to blood disorders and anemia. Differences in Results Based on Age and Sex The results of a CBC blood test can vary based on factors such as age and sex. For example, red blood cell indices, which measure the size and shape of red blood cells, can differ between males and females. In general, males tend to have slightly higher red blood cell counts compared to females. Additionally, certain white blood cell counts, such as lymphocytes, can vary depending on age. For instance, newborns typically have higher lymphocyte counts compared to adults. These differences are considered normal results and fall within the expected range of blood count results. Your healthcare provider will take these factors into consideration when interpreting your CBC blood test results. When Should You Get Retested? The frequency of CBC blood test retesting depends on various factors, including your overall health, the presence of any blood disorders, and the specific recommendations of your healthcare provider. In general, if you have a known blood disorder or are undergoing treatment for a specific condition, your healthcare provider may recommend more frequent CBC blood tests to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan if needed. Additionally, if you are experiencing symptoms such as persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or signs of infection, your healthcare provider may order a CBC blood test to investigate further, including signs of cancer. It's important to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations for retesting to ensure that any changes in your blood count are detected and properly managed. What Abnormal Results May Indicate Abnormal results from a CBC blood test can indicate various health conditions and may warrant further investigation. High red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, or hematocrit levels can be associated with conditions such as polycythemia vera or chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, low red blood cell counts can indicate anemia, which can result from factors such as blood loss, bone marrow failure, or certain chronic medical conditions. Abnormal white blood cell counts, either high or low, can be indicative of infections, autoimmune diseases, or bone marrow disorders. Additionally, high RBC levels can also be a result of conditions such as dehydration, kidney disease, or low oxygen levels in the blood. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood can also be a result of certain medical conditions, such as respiratory alkalosis or metabolic acidosis. It's important to note that abnormal results alone do not provide a definitive diagnosis but serve as a starting point for further evaluation. Your healthcare provider will consider your symptoms, medical history, and other diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of any abnormal CBC results. Common Conditions Diagnosed with CBC A CBC blood test can help diagnose and monitor various health conditions. One common condition that can be detected through a CBC is anemia, which can result from factors such as blood loss, iron deficiency, or chronic medical conditions. Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can also be identified through abnormal CBC results. Additionally, bone marrow disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes or aplastic anemia, can be diagnosed through changes in the blood cell counts observed in a CBC. By detecting these different health conditions early, a CBC can aid in prompt treatment and management, improving overall health outcomes. The CBC test identifies and counts the 7 types of cells found in the blood, including red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets. Conclusion In conclusion, understanding your CBC blood test results is crucial for monitoring your health and detecting potential issues early on. By familiarizing yourself with the components analyzed in a CBC and interpreting the results, you can take proactive steps towards maintaining your well-being. Remember to discuss your results with a healthcare provider for further guidance on any necessary lifestyle changes or treatments. Regular monitoring through CBC tests can provide valuable insights into your overall health status, allowing for timely interventions if needed. Stay informed and prioritize your health by staying updated on your CBC test results. Frequently Asked Questions What is a CBC blood test and why is it important? A CBC blood test, or Complete Blood Count test, measures various components of blood like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps diagnose conditions like anemia or infection and provides valuable insights into overall health by indicating any abnormalities in blood cell counts. How Often Should I Have a CBC Blood Test? The frequency of CBC blood tests can vary depending on your age, overall health, and any underlying medical conditions. In general, a CBC is often part of a routine checkup, and the frequency can range from annually to every few years. Additionally, individuals with certain blood disorders or ongoing health concerns may require more frequent CBC tests to monitor their condition. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate testing schedule based on your specific health needs. Can CBC Results Detect Cancer? CBC blood test results can provide valuable information that may indicate the presence of cancer. Abnormalities in certain blood cell counts or ratios can raise suspicion and warrant further investigation. However, a CBC alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. Additional diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies or biopsies, are typically required to confirm a cancer diagnosis. It's important to discuss any concerns or suspicions with your healthcare provider, who can guide you through the appropriate diagnostic process.

Testosterone replacement therapy can be a great way to improve your health and vitality, but certain risks areassociated with it. One of the most important things you need to monitor when taking testosterone is your hematocrit levels. High hematocrit is one potential side effect of testosterone treatment that should not be ignored or overlooked, as it can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. In this blog post, we'll go over what high hematocrit is, how testosterone replacement therapy raises hematocrit levels, and how to reduce high hematocrit due to testosterone treatment so that you can benefit from all the advantages of hormone optimization safely and effectively. Table of Contents: What is Hematocrit? Definition of Hematocrit: How Does Testosterone Replacement Therapy Increase Hematocrit? a. Effects of Testosterone on Red Blood Cells: How to Lower High Hematocrit Caused by Testosterone Treatment? Monitoring and Managing High Hematocrit Levels with Testosterone Replacement Therapy Regular Blood Tests to Monitor Hematocrit Levels: Conclusion FAQs in Relation to High Hematocrit Should I worry if my hematocrit is high? What can cause high hematocrit? What are symptoms of high hematocrit? How do you treat high hematocrit levels? Conclusion What is Hematocrit? Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in your body. It’s an important indicator of overall health and can help diagnose various conditions, such as anemia or dehydration. Definition of Hematocrit: Hematocrit is a measure that reflects the ratio between the volume of red blood cells (RBC) and the total volume of whole blood in your body. The hematocrit value is expressed as a percentage, with normal values ranging from 40 to 54 percent for men and 36 to 48 percent for women. How is Hematocrit Measured? A hematocrit test measures how much space red blood cells take up in your bloodstream by spinning down a blood sample in a centrifuge machine. This separates different components within the sample, including RBCs, white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and plasma. The amount of packed RBCs compared to other components gives you your hematocrit value. Normal ranges vary slightly depending on age and gender but generally range from 40–54% for men and 36-48% for women. Low levels could be a sign of anemia or bleeding disorders, whereas high levels might be the result of dehydration or specific cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Hematocrit is an important measure of health and can be increased through testosterone replacement therapy. However, it is important to understand the potential risks associated with high hematocrit levels before beginning treatment. How Does Testosterone Replacement Therapy Increase Hematocrit? TRT has been found to have numerous health benefits, including improved energy levels, increased muscle mass and strength, and improved sexual function. One of the most important effects of TRT is an increase in hematocrit, which is the percentage of red blood cells in your bloodstream. a. Effects of Testosterone on Red Blood Cells: Testosterone helps stimulate the production of red blood cells by increasing the number of stem cells that produce them. It also increases their lifespan so they can circulate longer throughout your body before being broken down and replaced by new ones. This leads to an overall increase in hematocrit levels as more red blood cells are present in your bloodstream at any time. An increased hematocrit level can provide many benefits, such as better oxygen delivery throughout the body, improved stamina during physical activity, and reduced risk for certain diseases like heart disease or stroke due to higher amounts of oxygen-carrying red blood cells circulating through your system at all times. Additionally, some studies suggest that higher hematocrit may even improve cognitive performance since it provides more oxygen to the brain for mental processes like memory formation or problem-solving skills Testosterone replacement therapy can increase hematocrit levels, but it is important to know the potential risks associated with high hematocrit. We'll talk about lowering a high hematocrit that results from testosterone therapy in the following section. In a study done by Dr. Ramasamy and his team at the University of Miami Medical School, a total of 5,842 men who received TRT and developed polycythemia were matched and compared to 5,842 men who did not develop polycythemia. Heart problems or venous thromboembolism - VTE were more likely to happen to men with polycythemia (301 cases, or 5.15% of all cases) while they were on TRT than to men with a normal hematocrit (226 cases, or 3.87%) (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.61, p <0.001). The same team later found out that greater changes in hematocrit predicted greater cardiovascular risks in men on testosterone therapy.   Key Takeaway: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) increases hematocrit levels, providing numerous benefits such as improved oxygen delivery throughout the body, increased stamina during physical activity, and better cognitive performance. How to Lower High Hematocrit Caused by Testosterone Treatment? High hematocrit levels caused by testosterone treatment can be a serious health concern. It is important to understand the causes and treatments available for this condition. Some physicians and TRT guidelines believe that stopping TRT is the best way to lower hematocrit.  But stopping TRT can have negative consequences for the quality of life, as men who do so tend to stay hypogonadal for months, and most do not return to “normal levels.”  Fortunately, there are several ways to decrease high hematocrit and potentially prevent it. How Can High Hematocrit Be Reduced Due to Testosterone Therapy? A severe health hazard might result from high hematocrit levels brought on by testosterone therapy. Understanding the underlying causes and available therapies for this illness is crucial. TRT guidelines and several doctors concur that the best strategy to reduce hematocrit is to cease TRT. However, discontinuing TRT can harm a man's quality of life because most men who discontinue TRT do not revert to "normal levels" and instead tend to stay hypogonadal for months. Fortunately, there are a number of strategies to lower high hematocrit and avoid it. Donate blood. Men on testosterone therapy can lower their hemoglobin levels with this tried-and-true method. And while you're doing it, you're helping someone else! Every donated unit of blood can reduce hematocrit by three points. Be careful not to donate more frequently than every 2.5 months, as the Red Cross advises, to prevent losing too much iron and ferritin, which can cause fatigue in men taking testosterone therapy. This iron blood test allows you to determine your iron and ferritin levels. It is advised that you donate when your hematocrit is between 51 and 52 percent. If you want to donate blood, you should avoid having a hematocrit above 53% because some organizations (like the Red Cross) would reject blood at that level. Men whose high hematocrit disqualifies them from blood donations may still donate blood if their doctors request therapeutic phlebotomy at the nearby blood center. Reduce the TRT dose. Your doctor could tell you to lower your dose if you have high hemoglobin or hematocrit levels as a result of testosterone therapy. This is not always a negative thing because some men take more testosterone than they need, which can have both long-term and short-term side effects. Make sure you drink water. It's critical to keep in mind that hematocrit is highly dependent on the amount of water you drink. This might have made things worse if you were already dehydrated when you had your blood drawn. Talk to your doctor about a repeat test if you believe you were dehydrated. Address thyroid problems. Your RBC counts can decrease with hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) and increase with hyperthyroidism (high thyroid function). Doing this could be a good idea if you have yet to examine your thyroid function. And if you can afford it, have a complete thyroid panel, including thyroid antibodies. [10] Think about testosterone applied topically to the skin. According to a research summary, intramuscular testosterone injections are the only form of testosterone that significantly raises hematocrit above normal levels. Topical testosterone creams or gels often do not have this effect. However, it does so strongly, changing up to 6% from the starting point. The testosterone gel comes in second place, with a 2.5% average increase over baseline levels. [7]. Therefore, switching to topicals may help if you are receiving intramuscular injections and experiencing high hematocrit or hemoglobin. Discuss this with your doctor. COMPOUND TESTOSTERONE CREAM AND GEL IS A CHEAP ALTERNATIVE Change from intramuscular to lower dose testosterone subcutaneous injections. 236 men participated in a study that the University of California conducted. All men's baseline values in each of the four measurement locations were noted, as well as those between 6 and 12 weeks after therapy. According to the findings, males who received subcutaneous testosterone injections (SubQ) exhibited an increase in total testosterone levels that was 14% greater than that of patients who had intramuscular testosterone injections (IM). Additionally, post-therapy, hematocrit was 41% lower in SubQ patients than in IM patients, and estradiol levels were 26.5% lower. No PSA readings were abnormally high in any group of men.  Steer clear of or consume less red meat. It's fascinating because one of the arguments used by meat eaters against vegetarians is that plant meals include a lot of "anti-nutrients" that might inhibit the absorption of or bind to minerals like iron. For instance, groups like Weston Price criticize vegetarians for consuming phytic acid. Plant foods contain phytic acid, which binds to calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron. Mineral deficits may result from overuse. Dr. Bernard notes that because certain minerals, like zinc and iron, are neurotoxic at even very modest levels of tissue accumulation, they are often likely to be highly health protective for most people. Additionally, studies have demonstrated a connection between colon cancer, too much iron, and heart problems. If no other preventive measures are taken, avoiding red meats, which are heavy in iron, stands a decent chance of decreasing your hemoglobin levels and preserving your long-term health (such as by giving blood). The validity of this claim requires dietary research. Females had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, according to a study that compared vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Although it could not have been statistically significant, males had lower amounts. It was found in a more solid study that vegetarians had much lower levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, serum ferritin, and serum vitamin B12 compared to control patients. Vegetarians also had much lower levels of hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. By the way, ferritin is a crucial indicator since it shows that tissue iron levels are lower, which suggests that there will likely be less long-term harm. It should be emphasized that this study did reveal that some vegans were iron deficient. Correct sleep apnea. Depleted oxygen saturation levels brought on by sleep apnea may encourage the body to create more red blood cells and hemoglobin in an effort to make up for the low oxygen levels in the blood during sleep. Indeed, there is research that backs this up as well.  Consider having a sleep apnea test done if your hematocrit, hemoglobin, or RBC levels are high. "One possible explanation is that repeated episodes of nocturnal hypoxia (low oxygen status) lead to a hypercoagulable state that predisposes individuals to thrombotic (blood clotting) events," a recent study stated. Research backs up a number of changes in the blood that affect hemostasis. These include higher hematocrit, blood viscosity, platelet activation, clotting factors, and lower fibrinolytic activity. Minimize inflammationInflammation can further reduce hepcidin, the hormone that controls iron absorption. It could be helpful to check for infections, CRP levels, etc., before treating the underlying reason. [13] Think about Curcumin (Turmeric).More research is being done on turmeric, or curcumin, as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer substance. It produces iron shortage in mice by binding to ferric iron in the stomach. According to a case study, a person consuming turmeric may have had iron deficiency anemia. Stop smoking. Smoking lowers the blood's oxygen saturation, which causes the body to create more red blood cells and hemoglobin to make up for it. [14] Talk to your doctor about Losartan, which is used to treat high blood pressure. You should think about taking Losartan if you have high blood pressure. [15] In patients with COPD and erythrocytosis, losartan can be administered safely and efficiently to normalize hematocrit, which may eliminate the requirement for therapeutic phlebotomy. Eat grapefruit. Grapefruit extract (narigin) may lower the hematocrit [16]. Although there was no discernible difference between eating half or a whole grapefruit each day, the effect of grapefruit consumption on hematocrit was statistically significant at the p 0.01 level. However, bring up with your doctor the possibility that grapefruit may elevate drug levels in the blood. Monitoring and Managing High Hematocrit Levels with Testosterone Replacement Therapy It is essential to monitor hematocrit levels while on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). TRT can have an impact on hematocrit, which measures the quantity of red blood cells in the body. Regular blood tests should ensure that hematocrit levels remain within normal range. If high hematocrit levels are detected, some steps canbe taken to manage them. Regular Blood Tests to Monitor Hematocrit Level: It is recommended that men on TRT have their hematocrit tested every 3–6 months or more frequently if needed. This will help identify any potential issues with high hematocrit early on so they can be addressed quickly and effectively. High hematocrit may indicate an underlying medical condition such as polycythemia vera, which requires further evaluation and treatment from a healthcare provider. Adjusting Dosage or Frequency of Testosterone Injections as Needed: If high hematocrit levels are found during regular testing, adjusting the dosage or frequency of testosterone injections may help lower them back into the normal range. For example, reducing the dose or spacing out injections over longer periods of time could reduce the risk for complications associated with elevated hemoglobin and/or red cell counts due to TRT use. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity level and making dietary modifications may also help lower high hematocritevels caused by TRT use. By closely monitoring hematocrit levels and adjusting testosterone dosage or frequency as needed, men can successfully manage high hematocrit levels while undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. Next, we'll discuss the key points to remember when managing this condition.   Key Takeaway: Regular blood tests should be done to monitor hematocrit levels while on TRT. If high hematocrit is detected, adjusting the dosage or frequency of testosterone injections and making lifestyle changes may help lower them back into normal range.   FAQs in Relation to High Hematocrit Should I worry if my hematocrit is high? Yes, you should be concerned if your hematocrit is high. Hematocrit is a measure of the number of red blood cells in your body and can indicate an underlying health issue. High levels may mean that there are too many red blood cells in circulation, which can lead to thickening of the blood and other serious complications such as stroke or heart attack. It's important to speak with your doctor about any concerns regarding your hematocrit level so they can determine the best course of action for managing it. What can cause high hematocrit? Dehydration, testosterone therapy, smoking, polycythemia vera (an overproduction of red blood cells), and specific medications are just a few of the things that can cause high hematocrit levels. Dehydration occurs when the body does not have enough fluids to function properly. Smoking increases the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Polycythemia vera is an uncommon disorder that causes too many red blood cells to be produced in the bone marrow. Certain medications, such as erythropoietin or testosterone, may also cause high hematocrit levels due to the increased production of red blood cells in response to these drugs. What are the symptoms of high hematocrit? High hematocrit is a condition where the percentage of red blood cells in the bloodstream is higher than normal. Symptoms can include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, and pale skin. In more severe cases, it can lead to chest pain or heart palpitations due to an increased risk of clotting. It is important to seek medical attention if any symptoms are present, as high hematocrit levels can be indicative of underlying health conditions such as anemia or dehydration. How do you treat high hematocrit levels? High hematocrit levels can be treated by making lifestyle changes, such as reducing alcohol consumption and increasing physical activity. Additionally, medications may be prescribed to reduce the production of red blood cells or increase their breakdown. Other treatments include phlebotomy (the removal of excess red blood cells) and iron chelation therapy (the removal of excess iron). It is important to speak with a doctor about the best treatment plan for high hematocrit levels, as it will depend on the individual's medical history and current health status. Conclusion In conclusion, high hematocrit is a common side effect of testosterone replacement therapy and should be monitored closely. It's crucial to comprehend what hematocrit is, how testosterone replacement therapy raises it, and how to lower a high hematocrit that results from testosterone treatment. With proper monitoring and management of your levels with the help of your doctor or healthcare provider, you can reduce the risk of any health complications associated with elevated levels of hematocrit due to testosterone replacement therapy. Are you suffering from high hematocrit? ExcelMale is here to help. Our online men's health forum provides a wealth of knowledge and resources on testosterone replacement therapy, general health, and sexual dysfunction. Join our community today to get the support you need for managing your condition and improving your overall wellbeing. Register for this TRT forum .   REFERENCES   Secondary Polycythemia in Men Receiving Testosterone Therapy Increases Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Venous Thromboembolism in the First Year of Therapy GREATER CHANGES IN HEMATOCRIT PREDICT MORE FREQUENT MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS IN MEN INITIATED ON TESTOSTERONE THERAPY - A LARGE CLAIMS DATABASE ANALYSIS The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 95, Issue 10, 1 October 2010, Pages 4743–4747 TRANSFUSION 2008; 48: 2197-2204

Are you curious about the Igra Test? If so, you're in the right place. In this blog, we'll uncover all the essential information and insights about the Igra Test that you need to know. We'll delve into Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) and help you understand what they are. You'll learn about the mechanisms behind IGRAs, including how they work, their advantages, and their limitations. We'll also walk you through the process of administering an IGRA Test, step by step. Plus, we'll decode the IGRA test results and explain how to interpret them. Additionally, we'll explore different scenarios for IGRA Test use and discuss why companies and the US Immigration Service require an IGRA test. Finally, we'll provide pre- and post-IGRA test guidelines to help you prepare for the test and know what to expect afterward. So let's dive in and get all your questions answered! Delving into Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are diagnostic tests used for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection. These tests work by measuring the immune response to specific antigens produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Because IGRAs are more precise and are unaffected by the BCG vaccine or the majority of nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are superior to other tests. They play a crucial role in diagnosing mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), especially in individuals at higher risk, such as those with HIV or recent exposure to TB. Different types of IGRAs, like Quantiferon and T-SPOT.TB, have applications in clinical practice, providing valuable insights for healthcare providers regarding TB diagnosis and management. Understanding the interpretation and significance of IGRA test results is essential for accurate patient evaluation and appropriate intervention, making interferon-γ release assays an important tool in the fight against TB. Understanding the IGRA Test to detect tuberculosis An important way to find people who might still have tuberculosis is to do the IGRA test, also known as the interferon-gamma release assay. This blood test checks for the release of interferon-gamma in response to TB-specific antigens and is considered more specific than the tuberculin skin test. Unlike the skin test, the IGRA test does not cross-react with BCG or smallpox vaccinations. With just a single patient visit, the IGRA test provides results within 24-48 hours, making it a convenient option for individuals at high risk of TB exposure. This includes healthcare workers and those who have recently immigrated from countries with a high burden of TB. By understanding the IGRA test and its role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, we can effectively identify and manage latent TB infections. The Mechanism behind IGRAs Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are a type of blood test used to detect tuberculosis (TB) infection. They work by measuring the release of interferon-gamma, an immune reaction, when exposed to specific TB antigens, including ppd. This test offers several advantages over other TB testing methods. It is more specific than the tuberculin skin test (TST) and does not cross-react with the BCG vaccine, providing reliable results. The process of conducting an IGRA test involves collecting fresh blood samples and stimulating them with TB antigens. The results are then interpreted as either positive or negative for TB infection in any part of the body. However, IGRAs also have limitations and challenges, including false-positive results in patients with non-TB mycobacterial infections or immunosuppression. Despite these challenges, IGRAs play a crucial role in the diagnosis and control of TB, offering valuable insights for effective TB testing and management strategies. How does it work? The IGRA test detects tuberculosis infection by measuring the immune response to specific antigens. A small blood sample is mixed with TB antigens, and if the person has been exposed to TB, their immune system will produce a measurable reaction. Advantages and Limitations of IGRAs IGRAs offer distinct advantages over the tuberculin skin test (TST). They have higher specificity and sensitivity, leading to more accurate results, particularly in detecting latent tuberculosis infections. Another benefit is that IGRAs can detect both latent and active tuberculosis (TB) infections, providing comprehensive diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, IGRAs require only one patient visit and provide quicker test results compared to the TST. Unlike the skin test, IGRAs are unaffected by prior BCG vaccination, ensuring accurate results. However, it's essential to note that IGRAs have limitations in certain populations, such as immunocompromised individuals, which may affect their accuracy. Overall, IGRAs offer higher accuracy and a more comprehensive approach to diagnosing tuberculosis, making them a valuable tool in healthcare. The Process of Administering an IGRA Test The process of administering an IGRA test involves collecting a blood sample from the individual and stimulating the immune system to release interferon-gamma. This diagnostic test, which stands for Interferon-Gamma Release Assay, is used to detect latent tuberculosis infection. The collected blood sample is then analyzed in a laboratory to measure the amount of interferon-gamma released by T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system. This indicates the presence of a TB infection. Compared to traditional tuberculin skin tests, IGRA tests are considered more accurate and reliable. The results of the IGRA test can help healthcare professionals determine if further testing or treatment is necessary for the individual. Steps Involved in IGRA Testing The process of IGRA testing involves several steps. A health care professional first takes a blood sample from the patient. This blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. In the lab, the blood sample is exposed to specific antigens that stimulate an immune response. After an incubation period, the level of immune response is measured using specialized equipment. The results of the IGRA test, which can help diagnose tuberculosis infection, are typically available within a few days. By following these steps, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about a patient's tuberculosis status. Decoding IGRA test results: Can a BCG vaccine affect results? The IGRA test, or Interferon-Gamma Release Assay, is a diagnostic test used to detect tuberculosis (TB) infection. It helps healthcare professionals interpret the results of the test, which can be positive, negative, or indeterminate, including a positive igra test. Factors such as the presence of HIV, BCG vaccination, and the progression from latent TB infection to active TB disease can affect the accuracy of the IGRA test results, leading to false-positive results. If you receive a positive or indeterminate IGRA test result, further testing and evaluation may be necessary. Compared to other tuberculosis diagnostic tests, the IGRA test has its advantages and limitations. How to Interpret IGRA Test Results Interpreting IGRA test results involves analyzing the immune responses to tuberculosis (TB) antigens. A positive result suggests a TB infection, while a negative result indicates no infection or early stages. Indeterminate results require further evaluation to determine the presence of TB bacteria. Scenarios for IGRA Test Use The IGRA test, also known as the interferon gamma release assay, is widely used for tuberculosis (TB) infection detection. Healthcare providers utilize the IGRA test to screen individuals at high risk for TB. It is often combined with other diagnostic methods, like the tuberculin skin test (TST). The IGRA test helps determine if a person has been exposed to TB bacteria and if treatment is needed. Particularly, it is valuable for individuals who have received the BCG vaccine, as it can differentiate between vaccine-related immunity and active TB infection. By assessing various scenarios, the IGRA test plays a crucial role in identifying and managing TB infections. Who should consider getting an IGRA test? Considering an IGRA test? It's recommended for those exposed to TB or at high risk of contracting it, as stated in the package insert for many biologics. This includes healthcare workers, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those in close quarters with someone with TB. Also used to screen for latent TB infection before immunosuppressive therapy. Talk to your healthcare provider to determine if an IGRA test is right for you. Quest, a leading provider of medical tests, offers a Tuberculosis Blood Test for those who suspect they have been exposed to the disease or need evidence of a negative TB test. The company's test is also beneficial for individuals residing in high-risk areas for TB. The first test measures how much IFN-γ is made in response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as stated in the package insert for the test. These antigens are different from those found in BCG and most other mycobacteria that are not tuberculous. Why do companies and the US immigration service require an IGRA TB test? Companies and the US Immigration Service require IGRA tests to screen for tuberculosis (TB) infection, an infectious disease, in the United States. TB is a contagious disease that poses a risk to public health. The IGRA test helps identify individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and at risk of developing tuberculosis disease, ensuring the safety of employees, customers, and the public. Pre- and Post-IGRA Test Guidelines Pre- and Post-IGRA Test Guidelines: To ensure accurate results, it's important to follow certain guidelines before and after undergoing an IGRA test. Before the test, it's crucial to understand the purpose of the IGRA test, which is often recommended for individuals who have been exposed to tuberculosis (TB) or are at high risk of contracting TB. Pre-test guidelines include avoiding medications or substances that may affect the test results, as well as considering the potential adverse effects of TB treatment. During the test, be prepared for a blood test to detect the immune response to specific TB antigens. After the test, it's essential to interpret the results correctly and take any necessary follow-up steps. It's also important to consider the limitations and potential risks associated with the IGRA test, including the possibility of a false negative test result. Preparing for the IGRA Test When preparing for the IGRA test, it is important to follow certain guidelines. If applicable, fasting requirements should be adhered to before taking the test. Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are currently taking. Before the test, avoid smoking or using any tobacco products, as they can potentially affect the results. It is recommended to wear loose-fitting clothing to allow easy access to the arm for blood sample collection. Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water before the IGRA test is essential. By following these preparations, you can ensure accurate and reliable results. What should I expect after the test? After completing the Igra test, expect your results in a few days. Positive results may require further medical evaluation for tuberculosis. Negative results indicate no infection or an inactive infection. Follow up with a healthcare professional for next steps or treatment recommendations. How do you interpret IGRA test results? Interpreting IGRA test results involves measuring interferon-gamma (IFN-g) levels. A positive result suggests exposure to tuberculosis (TB), but not active TB disease. A negative result indicates no current TB infection or an inability to mount an immune response. Intermediate or indeterminate results may require further testing or clinical evaluation. How does the IGRA Test Impact Clinical Decisions? The IGRA test plays a crucial role in clinical decision-making for tuberculosis (TB). It helps healthcare providers determine the need for further testing or treatment by identifying TB infection through the presence of tuberculosis bacteria and assessing the risk of active TB disease. The results, along with other clinical information, guide healthcare providers in making informed decisions. Is the Quantiferon Gold Plus Test the Same as an IGRA Test or a TST? The Quantiferon Gold Plus Test is indeed a type of IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assay) test, used to detect tuberculosis infection by measuring the immune response to TB antigens. It is an updated version of the original Quantiferon Gold Test and offers high accuracy and advantages over traditional tuberculin skin tests (TST). This makes it an essential screening test for patients who are about to begin biologic treatment or other forms of immunosuppressive therapy. What Happens If Your IGRA Test Results Are Positive? If your IGRA test results are positive, it means you have been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). Further testing, like a chest X-ray, is done to confirm active TB disease. Positive results without active TB may require preventive treatment. Consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance. Where Can You Buy an Affordable IGRA Test Near You? Discounted Labs sells the most affordable IGRA test (Quantiferon Gold Plus) on the market. How Does Discounted Labs Work? 1-   Click on the Lab Near You page to ensure we serve your state and that a location is near you.  2-   If a location is near you, go to Quantiferon Gold Test and add it to the shopping cart.  3-    If you have a discount coupon code, add it to your cart. You will earn points for every purchase you can redeem in future orders. 4-   If you don't have an account with us, you will be asked to create one by adding your name, address, gender, and date of birth. Note: You cannot place an order for someone else unless you create an account for them. 5-   Place your order by using a credit card. 6-    You will receive three emails: an order confirmation & detailed instructions within minutes about how to download your lab requisition form to take to the lab near you. 7-    Print the lab requisition form (PDF file).  8-    Take that form to the  lab near you . You can walk in, but we suggest you make an appointment to cut down on potential waiting (instructions on how to do so are on our "Find a Location" page). Get your blood drawn at the lab.   9-  Your results will be ready within 2-7 business days (Depending on the test. Sensitive hormone tests done by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry LC/MS take 5-7 business days). You will receive them by email as soon as they come in. Please contact us if you have any questions. We also have answered a lot of questions in our Frequently Asked Questions page More Facts About TB Testing Children less than 2 years old should have the TB skin test instead of the TB blood test. The TB blood test is one of two types of tests used to detect TB. A persistent cough that has lasted for three weeks or longer. A TB blood test takes a single visit to complete, and the test results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours after the blood sample is collected. A small needle is inserted into the vein, and a sample of blood is collected into up to three vials. The results of the TB blood test may be available within 24 to 48 hours after taking the blood sample. Experts recommend testing at least 6 to 8 weeks after exposure to TB. QuantiFERON (QFT) is an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) that helps check for tuberculosis (TB) infections, whether they are active or latent. The CDC suggests using QFT instead of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in some cases. The QFT has been shown to be more accurate than the TST in identifying people who may have a latent TB infection. A meta-analysis calculated a pooled sensitivity for TST at 70% (23 of 25 studies in developed countries) and a pooled sensitivity for QFT at 84% (13 studies in developed countries). One study reported up to a 32% reduction in cost compared to the TST. If a positive QFT result is the discrete referral decision driver vs. a positive TST (using the data in the study), a QFT positive result might have reduced the chest x-ray referral by 37.5% in the group with no BCG vaccination, who also had a prior TST inoculation history. A QFT positive result might also have reduced the referrals within all study participants by 60% (including the sum of no BCG/no TST history; BCG; and TST/no BCG history participants). Approximately 11 million individuals in the US are currently infected with LTBI, so it is critical for patients to be screened for TB infection prior to the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, including biologic agents for autoimmune diseases. For such people, an alternative is to assume, without additional testing, that the initial result is a false positive. These tests are mostly developed for the field of tuberculosis diagnosis , but in theory, they may be used in the diagnosis of other diseases that rely on cell-mediated immunity, e.g., cytomegalovirus, leishmaniasis, and COVID-19 . The first test measures how much IFN-γ is made in response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These antigens are different from those found in BCG and most other mycobacteria that are not tuberculous. Conclusion In conclusion, the IGRA test is a valuable tool for diagnosing certain infections and conditions. It provides accurate and reliable results that can help guide clinical decisions and treatment plans. Understanding the mechanism behind IGRAs and how to interpret the test results is crucial for healthcare professionals and individuals seeking testing. It is important to follow the pre- and post-test guidelines to ensure accurate results. If you are considering getting an IGRA test, consult with your healthcare provider to determine if it is necessary for your specific situation. Remember, early detection and proper management can make a significant difference in your health outcomes. If you're looking for an affordable IGRA test near you, please visit our website for more information. Citations Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Testing for TB Infection. Retrieved July 22, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/igra.htm Gerald, L., Blumberg, H., & Burzynski, J. (2021). Tuberculosis. In: Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents (4th ed.). Retrieved July 22, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560585/ Minnesota Department of Health. (n.d.). Tuberculosis (TB) Facts - Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs). Retrieved July 22, 2023, from https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/tb/basics/factsheets/igra.html

Menopausal hormone therapy's safety has been a topic of much debate for years, but now emerging data is showing its safety and benefits. A recent article from the Menopause journal discusses the implications of continuing menopausal hormone therapy (HT) beyond the age of 65. It specifically examines the health outcomes associated with the use of estrogen monotherapy in older women. The study highlights significant reductions in risks for several major health issues when estrogen monotherapy is used beyond age 65 compared to discontinuing or never using HT. These health benefits include a 19% reduction in overall mortality, and notable decreases in the incidence of breast cancer (16%), lung cancer (13%), colorectal cancer (12%), congestive heart failure (5%), venous thromboembolism (3%), atrial fibrillation (4%), acute myocardial infarction (11%), dementia (2%), and the use of hormone optimization through bioidentical hormone therapy approved by the FDA. Additionally, estrogen monotherapy has been shown to protect against heart disease and stroke, increase bone density, reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, protect against vaginal atrophy, and help with urinary incontinence, hot flashes, mood swings, and night sweats. Table of Contents What are the Benefits of Hormone Therapy for Women Beyond Age 65? Types of Hormones Used in HRT Forms of Hormone Therapy Cyclical and Continuous Regimens Considerations and Personalization What Lab Tests Can Help Diagnose Menopause? Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Test Estradiol Test Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Test Considerations and Limitations Common Questions About HRT How do I find hormone replacement therapy services near me? What qualifications should I look for in a provider offering hormone replacement therapy near me? What questions should I ask during a consultation for hormone replacement therapy near me? How long does it typically take to see results from hormone replacement therapy? Do you need to chat with other women going through menopause and using HRT? Citations The research also addresses the persistence of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in a substantial percentage of women aged 60–65 years, which supports the need for continued hormone therapy in some cases. In response to these findings, The Menopause Society updated their guidelines in 2022 to recommend that the decision to start or continue hormone therapy after age 65 should be personalized, taking into account the individual's specific needs, overall health, and medical history. The study also explored the effects of 40 different hormone therapy preparations on 13 health outcomes, finding significant variations depending on the type, route, and strength of the hormone therapy used [1]. For women experiencing menopause symptoms, it is important to note that hormone therapy should only be considered after consulting with a healthcare professional and discussing your current symptoms and medical history. What are the Benefits of Hormone Therapy for Women Beyond Age 65? The benefits of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) beyond age 65 have been the subject of various studies and discussions. The key takeaways from the sources provided are as follows: Continuation of Symptom Relief: Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, mood disturbances, and sexual discomfort can persist well into the post-menopausal years, with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms documented in 42% of women aged 60 to 65 years [1]. Bone Health: Loss of estrogen during menopause can lead to diminished bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy can offer protection against bone loss and help prevent osteoporosis [1]. Cardiovascular Benefits: Some studies suggest that hormone therapy started early in postmenopausal women can reduce heart failure and heart attacks significantly [2]. Cancer Risks: Estrogen therapy, either alone or in combination with progesterone, has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of certain cancers. For example, a study found significant reductions in the incidence of breast, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers among women using estrogen therapy [4]. Mortality: Hormone therapy may reduce overall mortality rates. A study analyzing data from the 2007–2019 records of more than 7 million women with Medicare coverage aged 65 and older found that rates of death occurred less often in women using hormone therapy [4]. Individualized Approach: The decision to start or continue hormone therapy after age 65 should be personalized, taking into account the individual's specific needs, overall health, and medical history [12]. Risks and Benefits: While there are undeniable benefits, some risks, such as blood clots and dementia, may increase with age or the duration of hormone therapy. The type of hormone therapy used also affects the risk profile [12]. Variations in Therapy: Different hormone therapy preparations have varied effects on health outcomes, and the choice of hormone type, administration route, and strength can influence the balance of risks and benefits [6]. Recent Research: A recent study provides reassurance regarding the safety of using hormone therapy after age 65, suggesting that with appropriate counseling and regular assessment of risks and benefits, continuing HT can be a reasonable option for healthy women with persistent vasomotor symptoms[6][16][17]. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT), also known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), is used to alleviate symptoms of menopause by replacing hormones that are at a lower level as women go through this transition. Here’s a detailed look at the various options: Types of Hormones Used in HRT Estrogen Therapy: This involves the use of estrogen alone. It is typically prescribed to women who have had a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) because they do not need progesterone to protect against uterine cancer [2]. Combination Therapy (Estrogen and Progestin): This is used for women who still have their uterus. Progestin is added to estrogen therapy to protect against the risk of uterine cancer, which can be increased by estrogen alone [2]. Estrogen and Testosterone: Sometimes, testosterone is added to help with specific symptoms, like a reduced sex drive [13]. Forms of Hormone Therapy Oral Pills: These are perhaps the most common form of HT. Estrogen or combination hormone pills are taken daily [1] [4]. Patches: These are applied to the skin and release hormones into the bloodstream through the skin. They can be specific to estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progestin. Patches are changed once or twice a week, depending on the type [1] and [4]. Gels and Sprays: These are applied to the skin and allow hormones to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream. They are an alternative for those who may have issues with oral forms of HT [1] and [6]. Vaginal Creams, Tablets, and Rings: These are used primarily to treat vaginal and urinary symptoms of menopause. They provide hormones locally to the vaginal area with minimal absorption into the bloodstream, thus minimizing overall hormonal effects on the body [1] [3] [4]. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): These devices release progestin locally and are used in combination with systemic estrogen therapy for women who need both hormones [4]. Nasal Sprays: This less common form delivers estrogen directly through the nasal membrane into the bloodstream [1]. Cyclical and Continuous Regimens Cyclical HRT: This mimics the natural menstrual cycle. Estrogen is taken daily, and progestin is added for the last part of the cycle each month, which can lead to a withdrawal bleed similar to a period [5]. Continuous HRT: Both estrogen and progesterone are taken daily without a break. This method is often used for post-menopausal women and typically does not lead to a withdrawal bleed [5]. Considerations and Personalization The choice of HT type and form depends on several factors, including a woman’s health history, her specific menopausal symptoms, whether she still has her uterus, and personal preferences. It’s important for women to discuss the benefits and risks of different HT options with their certified healthcare provider to determine the best approach tailored to their individual needs[2][4][5]. Each type of HT has its own benefits and potential risks, including the use of injections, and the decision to use hormone therapy should be made on an individual basis after thorough initial consultation with a certified healthcare provider. Before starting combination therapy, several factors need to be considered to ensure the treatment is effective, safe, and tailored to the patient's specific needs. These factors include: Adequacy of Monotherapy: Combination therapy is often considered when monotherapy does not adequately control the condition. It's important to assess whether the initial single-agent therapy was given in adequate doses and for a sufficient duration to determine its effectiveness1. Patient's Health Profile: The presence of comorbid conditions can influence the choice of agents in combination therapy. For instance, certain drugs may be preferred or avoided depending on the patient’s other health issues like diabetes, heart failure, or kidney disease14. Risk of Side Effects: Each medication in a combination therapy can have side effects, and their potential cumulative or interactive effects must be considered. It's crucial to choose drugs with non-overlapping adverse effects to minimize the risk to the patient3. Drug-Drug Interactions: The potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the drugs used in combination therapy must be evaluated. This includes understanding how the drugs might affect each other’s metabolism and activity, which can alter their efficacy and safety3. Patient Compliance and Convenience: Combination therapies, especially fixed-dose combinations, can enhance patient compliance by reducing the pill burden and simplifying the treatment regimen. However, individual patient preferences and their ability to adhere to the regimen should be considered12. Cost and Access: The cost of medication and the patient’s access to it can affect adherence and the overall effectiveness of the treatment. It’s important to consider the financial impact on the patient when prescribing combination therapies4. Guidelines and Evidence: Clinical guidelines and evidence from clinical trials should guide the choice of combination therapy. These guidelines are based on large studies and expert consensus, which help ensure that the combination chosen is effective and has a favorable risk-benefit profile17. Initial Severity of the Condition: For conditions like hypertension or diabetes, the initial severity can dictate whether combination therapy should be started right away. For example, in patients with significantly high initial blood pressure or blood sugar levels, immediate initiation of combination therapy might be necessary to quickly achieve control12. Goal of Therapy: The ultimate goal of the treatment, whether it is to control symptoms, prevent progression of a disease, or reduce the risk of complications, should be clearly defined and agreed upon with the patient. This helps in selecting the most appropriate therapy combination12. Monitoring and Adjustment: Once combination therapy is initiated, regular monitoring is necessary to assess efficacy, side effects, and patient adherence. Adjustments may be needed based on the patient’s response and any new health developments1. These considerations ensure that combination therapy is used effectively, maximizing benefits while minimizing risks and side effects for the patient. What Lab Tests Can Help Diagnose Menopause? Blood tests can be used to help diagnose menopause, although they are not always necessary or definitive on their own. The primary blood tests used to evaluate menopausal status measure the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (a form of estrogen). Here's a detailed look at how these tests are used in the context of diagnosing menopause: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Test FSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in the reproductive processes. During menopause, the ovaries begin to function less effectively, and in response, the levels of FSH typically increase as the pituitary gland tries to stimulate the ovaries to produce more estrogen. An elevated FSH level is often used as an indicator of menopause: FSH Levels: After menopause, FSH levels are typically in the range of 25.8 to 134.8 mIU/mL5. However, FSH levels can fluctuate significantly, making a single test potentially misleading. Repeatedly high levels of FSH over time are considered a more reliable indicator of menopause6. Testing Conditions: The timing of the test can affect FSH levels, as they can vary throughout the menstrual cycle. Women are often advised to have the test at a specific time, usually early in the menstrual cycle2. Estradiol Test Estradiol is the primary type of estrogen produced by the ovaries. During menopause, the levels of estradiol decrease as the ovaries reduce their hormone production: Estradiol Levels: Lower levels of estradiol are associated with menopause. The specific threshold can vary, but generally, significantly reduced levels compared to the normal range for reproductive age indicate menopause8. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Test LH is another hormone produced by the pituitary gland that works in conjunction with FSH to regulate the reproductive system. Like FSH, LH levels can also increase as the ovaries produce less estrogen: LH Levels: High levels of LH can indicate menopause, especially when combined with high FSH levels and low estradiol levels7. You can buy your own menopause tests online without a doctor's visit by visiting DiscountedLabs.com Considerations and Limitations Variability: Hormone levels can fluctuate greatly, making a single hormone test less reliable for diagnosing menopause. This is particularly true for women in perimenopause, where hormone levels can vary widely from day to day14. Symptoms and Medical History: Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and medical history rather than solely on hormone levels. Common symptoms include changes in menstrual patterns and the onset of hot flashes3. Other Tests: Sometimes, additional tests are conducted to rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms, such as thyroid disorders8. In summary, while blood tests like those measuring FSH, LH, and estradiol levels can support the diagnosis of menopause, they are typically used in conjunction with a review of symptoms and medical history. Due to the variability in hormone levels, especially during perimenopause, these tests are not definitive on their own and may not accurately reflect hormone imbalance. Additionally, symptoms such as vaginal dryness, night sweats, which can greatly impact quality of life, may not be reflected in hormone levels and should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Bio-identical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) for women is a potential solution for these symptoms and should be considered as a treatment option. Considerations and limitations should be taken into account when using hormone levels as a diagnostic tool for hormone imbalance. Common Questions About HRT How do I find hormone replacement therapy services near me? To find hormone replacement therapy services near you, you can start by conducting a search online using search engines like Google. You can use search terms such as "hormone replacement therapy near me" or "HRT clinics in [your location]" to find relevant results. Additionally, you can check local directories, healthcare provider listings, or websites of medical centers in your area that specialize in hormone replacement therapy. Another option is to ask for recommendations from your primary care physician or seek referrals from friends or family members who may have undergone similar treatments. It's important to research the reputation and credentials of the providers you come across and consider factors such as their experience, reviews, and proximity to your location before making a decision. You can also click on the following banner and fill out a form to have HRT clinics contact you: What qualifications should I look for in a provider offering hormone replacement therapy near me? When looking for a provider offering hormone replacement therapy near you, it is important to consider their qualifications and expertise in this area. Some qualifications to look for include: 1. Medical License: Ensure that the provider is a licensed healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner, who is authorized to practice in the field of hormone replacement therapy. 2. Specialization in Hormone Replacement Therapy: Look for providers who have specific training and experience in hormone replacement therapy and are knowledgeable about the latest treatment options and guidelines. 3. Board Certification: Providers who are board-certified in areas such as endocrinology or hormone therapy have demonstrated expertise in this field and adhere to high standards of care. 4. Experience: Consider providers who have extensive experience in hormone replacement therapy and have successfully treated patients with similar needs and conditions. 5. Positive Reviews and Patient Feedback: Check reviews and testimonials from other patients to get an idea of the provider's reputation, quality of care, and patient satisfaction. By considering these qualifications, you can choose a provider who is well-equipped to provide safe and effective hormone replacement therapy tailored to your individual needs. What questions should I ask during a consultation for hormone replacement therapy near me? During a consultation for hormone replacement therapy near you, it is important to ask questions that will help you understand the treatment, its potential benefits and risks, and what to expect. Some questions you may consider asking include: 1. What are the different types of hormone replacement therapy available? 2. How will hormone replacement therapy benefit me specifically? 3. What are the potential side effects or risks associated with hormone replacement therapy? 4. How long do I need to be on hormone replacement therapy? 5. What monitoring or follow-up appointments will be necessary during the treatment? 6. Are there any lifestyle changes I should make while on hormone replacement therapy? 7. How soon can I expect to see results from hormone replacement therapy? 8. What happens if I miss a dose of my hormone replacement medication? 9. Are there any alternative treatments or therapies that I should consider? 10. How much will hormone replacement therapy cost, and does insurance cover it? Asking these questions can help you make an informed decision about whether hormone replacement therapy is right for you and what to expect throughout the treatment process. How long does it typically take to see results from hormone replacement therapy? The timeline for seeing results from hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can vary depending on individual factors such as the type of hormones being used, the dosage, and the individual's response to treatment. Some people may start to notice improvements in their symptoms within a few weeks to a few months of starting HRT, while for others it may take longer. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's guidance and attend any follow-up appointments to monitor your progress and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan. If you have specific concerns about the timeline for seeing results from HRT, it is best to discuss them with your healthcare provider. Do you need to chat with other women going through menopause and using HRT? Please join a Facebook group with over 20,000 women from all over the world called : Women's Health and HRT Citations Use of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Beyond Age 65 - Menopause Journal Should You Use Hormone Replacement Therapy After 65? Why Attitudes Are Changing - BodyLogicMD Vaginal Estrogen for Genitourinary Syndrome - MedlinePlus Which Type of Estrogen Hormone Therapy Is Right for You? - WebMD Types of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - NHS Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Vary After Age 65 Years - Healio Use of Hormone Therapy Beyond Age 65 and Its Effects by Type - Menopause Society Hormone Therapy for Menopause - Mayo Clinic Estrogen and Menopause - NCBI Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause - Better Health VIC Overview of Menopause and Hormone Therapy - Medscape Individualizing Hormone Therapy for Older Women - medRxiv Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer Risk - National Cancer Institute Cardiovascular Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy - AHA Journals Understanding Menopause and Hormone Therapy - Mayo Clinic Study Provides Reassurance Regarding the Safety of Using Hormone Therapy After Age 65 Years - News Medical Hormone Therapy After Age 65 - Menopause Journal Long-Term Effects of Hormone Therapy - NCBI Is Hormone Therapy Safe for Women Over 65? - Lancaster General Health Benefits and Risks of Hormone Therapy - ScienceDirect  

On February 6, 2014, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights (HHS OCR) issued a final rule amending the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Privacy Rule to provide individuals the right to access test reports directly from laboratories subject to HIPAA. The goal of the final rule is to provide individuals with a greater ability to access their health information, empowering them to take a more active role in managing their health and healthcare. Under the final rule, HIPAA-covered labs must: Disclose lab test results to individuals, in most cases, within 30 days of a request for such information. Labs are not required to disclose results to an individual if the individual did not request disclosure. Comply with an individual's request to have the lab transmit a copy of Protected Health Information (PHI) to another person or entity appropriately designated by the individual. Verify the identity and authority of any person requesting access to lab test results as a personal representative of the individual. If the lab cannot verify the identity and authority, it may not release the test report. Disclose test reports that the lab maintains even if the test report was created before the effective date of the final rules. Subject to a narrow limitation, disclose test reports to the individual upon request even if the lab test is considered "sensitive," i.e., tests for sexually transmitted disease, pregnancy test, etc... Allow individuals to make requests for test reports directly to the lab and not require the individual to make the request to the healthcare provider. Charge only the reasonable, cost-based copy fee permitted under the HIPAA Privacy Rule. HIPAA covered labs may not charge fees for verification, documentation, liability insurance, maintaining systems and other similar activities. Revise their Notice of Privacy Practices by October 6, 2014 to inform individuals of their right to access PHI directly from HIPAA covered labs, include a brief description of how to exercise this right, and remove any contrary statements from the existing notice. Ordering providers are not required to update their privacy notices. Not withhold an individual's PHI because the individual has not paid the lab for services provided. The Final Rule also explains what is not required: With respect to employment-related testing, the CLIA regulations do not apply to the employer or entity that performs substance abuse testing for the purpose of employment screening where the results are merely used to determine compliance with conditions of employment. CLIA labs that are not subject to HIPAA have discretion to provide individuals with direct access to lab test reports, subject to any applicable state laws that may limit access. The final rule does not require labs to interpret test reports for individuals, although labs may provide additional education material regarding the test results if they choose to do so.

You can use Discount coupons at Discounted Labs, the leading provider of blood tests that you can purchase without the need of a doctor's visit. We provide a doctor's order included in the lab test price.  No lab test or any other fees will be charged to you at the lab. No surprises. Our range of FDA-approved self-pay blood tests can help you to identify underlying health issues and are an important means of staying at the peak of physical wellness. Your lab test results are private, so only you see them. Ordering lab tests online has never been easier than it is today. With our easy-to-use website, all you have to do is select the type of test you want and enter some basic information about yourself before submitting an order through a credit card. Your results will be sent directly to your email inbox as soon as they are ready! All orders come with a 100% money back guarantee if we don't deliver what we promise.     Discounted Labs has been in operation for over 8 years.  It was founded by empowered patients and physicians who believe in expanding access to affordable health monitoring options. At DiscountedLabs.com we believe that knowledge is power. Educated patients can take charge of their health and are able to discuss health issues more effectively with their physicians. Many people find our prices lower than their insurance co-pays for lab tests. Since we do not require a doctor’s visit, you can save money on physician visit copays. Some people have found out that their insurance companies are not willing to pay for certain blood tests or the blood testing required frequency for proper monitoring. That is where DiscountedLabs.com provides affordable online blood tests so you can take charge of your health. The order process for discounted labs is simple by using a credit card. Just choose your blood test and order it. You will receive a confirmation email with a lab form that you take to your closest lab location. This location can be searched in the page tab entitled “Find a location”. Why DiscountedLabs.com? We Have the Most Affordable Lab Tests Available in the U.S. No Doctor Visit is Required. Our In-House Doctor Provides a Prescription at No Extra Cost to You. Private and Confidential Lab Test Results. We Serve Most U.S. States. In Operation for Over 8 Years. Orders Valid for 6 Months. Simple Menu and Process.  Order 24/7 You Get a Lab Requisition Form A Few Minutes After Your Order. No Wait. No Hidden Costs. A $8 Lab Draw Fee is Added to Your Order. Our Blood Tests are FDA Approved. We are HIPAA Compliant. We Protect Your Privacy. Your Order Good for 180 Days. You Do Not Have to Rush to the Lab. Over 1,900 Lab Locations Around the United States. No Appointment Needed. Walk-ins Welcomed. Your Blood Test Results are Delivered by Private Email. We Provide Hormone Testing Via Sensitive LC/MS Assays. We avoid less accurate testing. We Have Created Blood Test Panels Applied to Different Needs. Discount Coupons Emailed Periodically. Educational Videos and Articles are Provided in Our Blog Page We Educate Consumers on How to Interpret Lab Test Results with Their Physicians. We Provide Resources for Clinical Care and Consumer Forums in Our Resources Page   Here is a VIDEO DESCRIBING HOW WE WORK: HOW TO ORDER DISCOUNTED LABS ONLINE   HOW DOES DISCOUNTEDLABS.COM WORK?   1-     Go to the "Find a Location" page to make sure we serve your state and that there is a location near you.  2-     Go to "Choose a Test" and add your selection (s) in the shopping cart. You can also save money by buying bundled lab test panels. 3-     If you have a discount coupon code, add it to your cart. 4-     If you don't have an account with us, you will be asked to create one by adding your name, address, gender, and date of birth. 5-     Place your order by using a credit card. 6-     You will receive three emails: an order confirmation & detailed instructions within minutes about how to download your lab requisition form to take to the lab near you. 7-     Print the lab requisition form (PDF file).  8-     Take that form to the lab near you with a picture ID. You can walk in but we suggest that you make an appointment to cut down on potential waiting (instructions on how to do so are in our "Find a Location" page). Get your blood drawn at the lab.   9-    Your results will be ready within 3-7 business days (Depending on the test. Sensitive hormone tests done by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry LC/MS take 5-7 business days). You will received them by email as soon as they come in. If you have any questions, please visit our FAQ page or email us at [email protected]      

While it's becoming commonplace for patients to see the results of lab work electronically, a new University of Michigan study suggests that many people may not be able to understand what those numbers mean. Research conducted by a team at the U-M schools of Public Health and Medicine found that people with low comprehension of numerical concepts—or numeracy—and low literacy skills were less than half as likely to understand whether a result was inside or outside the reference ranges. They also were less able to use the data to decide whether or not to call their doctor. As more medical professionals and facilities have adopted electronic health record keeping, increasing numbers of patients can see their test results outside of a doctor's visit. One goal of giving patients access to the data is to help them become partners in managing their own care, said Brian Zikmund-Fisher, associate professor of health behavior and health education at the U-M School of Public Health. "We can spend all the money we want making sure that patients have access to their test results, but it won't matter if they don't know what to do with them," he said. "The problem is, many people can't imagine that giving someone an accurate number isn't enough, even if it is in complex format." Source

Table of Contents What is the Epstein-Barr Virus? EBV Symptoms How Can Someone Get Infected with EBV? Diagnosing EBV Treating EBV EBV Complications How is EBV Tested Using Blood Samples? Blood Tests for EBV Infection at DiscountedLabs.com How Does It Work? What’s Next? What is the Epstein-Barr Virus? The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be one of the widely spread viruses in the world. Estimates show that approximately 95% of adults have antibodies for this virus. This means that they are infected or have been infected with EBV at some point in their lives. EBV can cause an infection called mononucleosis as well as other health complications which can be life-threatening. It’s important to extend your knowledge about EBV so that you can protect yourself and avoid complications. EBV can be tested for using two different tests you can purchase from DiscountedLabs.com - the EBV Acute Infection Antibodies Profile and the EBV Early Antigen Assembly IgG. Let’s talk about EBV in greater details. EBV Symptoms EBV is also known as the human herpesvirus 4, and it is commonly found all over the world. Most adults get infected with this virus at some point in their lives, but usually, symptoms are mild and complications rare. Here are the most common symptoms of EBV: Rashes Extreme fatigue Inflamed spleen and throat Inflamed lymph nodes Enlarged liver It’s important to notice that most people don’t have any symptoms, particularly children. When symptoms do occur, these are easily confused with the symptoms of other common illnesses. If a person shows symptoms of having EBV, these can go away in about three or four weeks without treatment. However, some people experience symptoms such as extreme fatigue for several months in a row. This is rare, though. People who have relatively weak immune systems are more likely to develop symptoms. After an EBV infection, the virus can get deactivated and stay in the body for the rest of your life. It is possible for the virus to “wake up” and show symptoms again over your lifetime, but your body has already developed antibodies, so its negative effects are greatly diminished.   How Can Someone Get Infected with EBV? EBV can be transmitted from one person to the other very easily. Here are the most common transmission methods: Through saliva (kissing) Sharing objects, cutlery items or a toothbrush with an infected person Sharing food recipients, cups or eating tools with an infected person lGetting in contact with objects with saliva on them such as the toys of babies Sexual contact Blood transfusions Organ transplant The most common transmission is through saliva. Kissing an infected person can easily get the virus from his/her body to yours. EBV is known to stay on infected objects for as long as these are moist. Therefore, if you use cutlery or glasses previous used by infected people, you will get EBV. Once you get EBV, you’ll also indirectly spread it to others as the virus is in an active state. EBV can also be transferred to another person through bodily fluids (semen or blood) as well as through organ transplants. Diagnosing EBV It is relatively difficult to diagnose EBV since this virus shows symptoms like other illnesses so that doctors can get easily confused. However, more advanced testing methods have been created, and you can detect EBV in your body using a blood test. The blood test checks for EBV antibodies created by your system. Nearly 90% of adults have EBV antibodies which means they have been infected with this virus before. Treating EBV Treating EBV is also quite difficult because there’s no way to get this virus out of your system once it’s there. However, you can use over the counter medicine to alleviate the symptoms of EBV. For example, people frequently use pain and fever medication as well as other types of pills to reduce fatigue. The only way to prevent getting infected with EBV is to avoid kissing infected persons or using objects previously used by them. Make sure that you stay away from toothbrushes used by a person with EBV as well as food utensils, cutlery items, etc. EBV Complications In rare cases, EBV can cause different types of complications and severe health conditions. Mononucleosis is one the most common conditions caused by EBV. That’s why it’s important to test yourself and see if you have been infected with EBV in the past. For example, EBV can cause mild ear infections in children as well as diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems or cold-like symptoms such as a running nose. EBV infections can also cause neurological problems such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. This health condition is an auto-immune disease in which the immune system starts attacking nerve cells. As a result, people with Guillain-Barré syndrome experience numbness, tingling sensations and paralysis in the worst cases. Meningoencephalitis is also a common health complication of EBV. This is characterized by an infection of the meninges and the brain at the same time. Other people report abnormalities in the way blood is coagulated in the body, leading to anemia, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Since EBV can enlarge the spleen, very few people experience a rupture of the spleen as a complication of EBV. This happens very rarely (2 in 1000 people). Other complications include airway obstructions as a result of inflamed airway tissues. Although it can happen very rarely, certain types of cancers or tumors can also appear as a result of getting infected with EBV. These life-threatening conditions develop later in life after the virus has been present in the body for many years. For example, the Burkitt's lymphoma is a common tumor found in people with EBV. It is commonly found among African children and the tumors are in the jaw area. Studies show that more than 95% of children in Africa have been infected with this disease. Hodgkin lymphoma can also develop as a result of an EBV infection. This disease is life-threatening, and doctors have found approximately 50% of EVB material when analyzing patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, so there is a correlation between the two. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is also associated with EBV infections, particularly in Chinese populations. Very few people have developed this cancer, though. T-cell lymphomas have been correlated with EBV infections too as well as certain hematologic conditions. How is EBV Tested Using Blood Samples? As mentioned earlier, you can test to see if you have been infected with EBV by using the tests available at DiscountedLabs.com. These tests require you to draw a blood sample which will be analyzed in a laboratory. The test is run to determine if there are EBV-specific antibodies present in your system. If antibodies are found, it means that you have been infected with EBV recently or at some point in the past. If no antibodies are found, it means that you don’t have EBV. However, since this disease is easily transmissible, you can still get it at some point in the future from an infected person. EBV antibodies are created as a response to EBV-specific antigens. An antigen is a type of toxin which triggers an immune reaction in the body. For example, the EBV test looks for antibodies to three specific antigens such as viral capsid antigen IgG (VCA), VCA IgM and EBNA which stands for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. Depending on whether some or all these antibodies are present in the blood, the doctors can diagnose the EBV infection and determine its severity. For example: If there are antibodies to the EBNA antigen present in the body, the infection has occurred at some point in the past. If there are VCA IgM antibodies and no antibodies to EBNA, then this means that the EBV infection happened very recently If there are VCA IgG antibodies present in the blood, then it means that the infection occurred at some point in the past or recently. Blood Tests for EBV Infection at DiscountedLabs.com DiscountedLabs offers you two types of tests to determine whether you have been infected with EBV or not. The EBV Acute Infection Antibodies Profile test looks at the antibodies to all three antigens we talked about earlier. This test comes at an affordable price, and it can help in diagnosing EBV infection as well as ruling out other illnesses such as chronic fatigue syndrome. The EBV Early Antigen Assembly IgG test can be used in diagnosing the EBV infection, and it should be used in conjunction with other clinical information related to the patient. The test uses the chemiluminescent immunoassay method which is very accurate in detecting antibodies in the bloodstream. How Does It Work? Taking advantage of these tests is easy. You just order your preferred test from DiscountedLabs, and you’ll be emailed a form to print out and visit a nearby lab for blood collection. Your samples will be analyzed in a laboratory, and you’ll get the results mailed back to you in just a few business days. You can check the results against reference values, or you can talk with your physician to help you interpret the results. That’s it! What’s Next? As you can see, EBV appears to be harmless, and it’s usually asymptomatic. However, your health is more important than anything, and it’s great to know whether an EBV infection transforms into something more complicated. Order the tests from DiscountedLabs today and be in complete control of your health!