Page 2 - Fatigue Blood Tests

  Since abnormally high hematocrit values can pose serious health problems, this article will analyze the correlation between testosterone therapy and high hematocrit. TRT, sleep apnea and smoking are contributing factors that can cause high hematocrit, which can increase cardiovascular risks if not properly managed. This article explains the basics of how to manage high hematocrit while using testosterone. High hematocrit: Why it is important? The red cells are some of the most important components of a person’s blood. The term hematocrit refers to the percentage of red blood cells in a human’s body. For women, normal hematocrit values should be around 42% and for men, it should be around 47%. A complete blood count test will show the number of red blood cells in the blood as well as the hemoglobin values, white blood cells, and platelets. When the hematocrit is too high, meaning that there are too many red blood cells, this condition is known as polycythemia. When the hematocrit values are too low, this condition is known as anemia. Abnormal hematocrit values can put one’s life in danger if not treated promptly. Since abnormally high hematocrit values can pose serious health problems, this article will analyze the correlation between red blood cell count and various medical conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, erythrocytosis caused by testosterone replacement therapy and why people should be careful when donating blood more than once a year. It is important to also know the red cell distribution width (RDW), which is a laboratory measuring system that analyzes the size of red blood cells. Doctors frequently examine the RDW to determine the causes of anemia and to gain more insights about the severity of different cardiovascular diseases.  Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments that quickly react when bleeding is detected in the body. They help in the coagulation process to prevent infection and initiate the healing process. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a way of measuring the size of the platelets. Both these terms, RDW and MPV, will be used to examine the link between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and high hematocrit values. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), red blood cells and high hematocrit values OSAS is a sleep disorder that is characterized by a collapse of the upper airway while sleeping. This leads to a low quality sleep, choking sensations, and even hypoxia (low oxygen saturation). A comprehensive study performed between January 2011 and June 2014 shows that high RDW might be a reliable marker when it comes to the severity of OSAS. Hematocrit TRT Study Material and Methods 264 patients were admitted to the sleep unit to undergo a polysomnographic evaluation and were subsequently diagnosed with OSAS. 116 of these patients met the criteria of the study and agreed to participate. These patients reported frequent unpleasant symptoms such as daytime sleepiness, severe snoring at nighttime, etc. The exclusion criteria left out patients who had various types of medical conditions that might have interfered with the results of the study. For example, patients who had known cardiovascular diseases, were smokers, had diabetes mellitus, lung disease or hypertension were not included in the study. The 116 patients who participated in the study were divided into several groups, depending on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) which basically indicates the severity of the sleep apnea. There were 3 groups – mild (AHI between 5 and 15), moderate (AHI between 15 and 30) and severe (AHI higher than 30). There was also a control group of 62 individuals who had an apnea-hypopnea index of less than 5. The study was performed using polysomnographic methods. Researchers have attached suprasternal microphones to assess the airflow of the patients during sleep. Blood samples were also drawn using a 21-gauge needle syringe after a fasting period of 8 hours. The apnea was defined as a stop of airflow for 10 seconds or more during sleep. Hypopnea was defined as a reduction of airflow between 30% and 50% as well as a decrease in capillary oxygen saturation. Sleep Apnea and Testosterone- Study Results At the end of the study, researchers have reached the conclusion that patients with severe OSAS have a higher RDW, a higher platelet count and MPV. In addition, the hematocrit and RDW are positively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index. This means that the complete blood count is very important for patients diagnosed with OSAS. It is well known that patients with OSAS experience a state of systemic inflammation due to a variety of causes. This state of inflammation can lead to a higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, which in turn can create erythrocyte deformability and a higher level of RDW. Other studies have shown that high RDW levels are also associated with a higher-sensitivity CRP level which is a known marker of inflammation. One of the most important reasons which make this study unique and highly accurate is the simple fact that patients who suffered from serious health conditions such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension didn’t take part in the study. It is a well-known fact that these illnesses can lead to a higher RDW level which could have compromised the results of the study. Patients who suffer from OSAS also experience hypercoagulability which is caused by high blood viscosity. Hematocrit, erythrocyte behavior, and other factors all affect blood viscosity, which is defined as the resistance of blood to external forces. It has been established that hematocrit plays an important role in the coagulability of blood and can lead to increased blood clotting. When there is an increased blood clotting in the body, the natural flow of blood can be negatively affected and multiple cardiovascular issues can appear. Researchers believe that the hypoxemia experienced by patients with OSAS is caused by a release of inflammatory factors that negatively affect the blood and can lead to hypercoagulability. It has also been found out that the total platelet count in patients with OSAS was higher in comparison with the patients in the control group or those in the mild group. This is real evidence of the correlation between platelet activation and cardiovascular diseases in patients suffering from OSAS. This comprehensive study has shown evidence that RDW, MPV, and platelet count are increased in patients diagnosed with OSAS. The RDW index is also positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index and AHI. Since RDW is included in a standard blood count measurement, it can become an inexpensive and simple tool to diagnose the severity of the OSAS in patients of all ages. As a result, patients who suffer from a severe OSAS can be given priority when it comes to treatment, improving their chances of recovery.   Understanding the occurrence of high red blood cells and hematocrit on testosterone replacement therapy   Erythrocytosis is a medical condition that appears when the body is making too many red blood cells. RBCs are responsible for transporting oxygen to organs and tissues. When there are too many, the blood can become too thick and cause cardiovascular complications. There are 2 types of erythrocytosis – primary and secondary. Primary erythrocytosis is usually caused by bone marrow problems. RBCs are made in the bone marrow and something might trigger an increase in their production. Certain diseases or medications, such as testosterone replacement therapy, can cause secondary erythrocytosis. TRT is the go-to treatment for people who suffer from hypogonadism – aka androgen deficiency. This type of treatment is increasingly popular, especially among people over 40 years of age. It can increase libido, help to maintain muscle mass, improve mood and general wellbeing. However, one of the side effects of TRT is a simple fact that it can cause erythrocytosis. An increase in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) is indicative of this medical condition. When the Hb is higher than 18.5 g/dL and the Hct is higher than 52% in men, the patient suffers from erythrocytosis. Since the RBCs count is too high in people with erythrocytosis, the blood viscosity also increases, which can lead to various potentially life-threatening medical issues such as venous thromboembolism. This essentially means that small blood clots separate from their original source and travel through veins and capillaries, causing blockages that result in stroke, myocardial infarction, or other complications. CHECK YOUR HEMATOCRIT TEST WITH A CBC PANEL Testosterone replacement therapy formulations   Testosterone replacement therapy is recommended for men who have testosterone levels lower than 300 ng/dL. It is commonly accepted that T levels decrease by approximately 1% per year after 35 years of age. TRT has been shown to improve the mood of the patients, correct insulin resistance problems, and help increase bone density and muscle mass, among other positive benefits. Getting testosterone into the body can be done in various ways. There are injections, gels, buccal patches, pellets, and others. Some formulations show results much quicker (injections, for example) and each one of them has different effects on patients, depending on the dosage, administration option, etc. TRT-induced high red blood cell volume ( high hematocrit ) When the testosterone levels increase in the body, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels also increase. Studies have shown that people who undergo TRT have higher blood viscosity and platelet adhesiveness, which can lead to thromboembolic risks. Although there are not many studies that link TRT-induced erythrocytosis (high red blood cells) with thromboembolism, one small research performed by Krauss et al on a group of 15 men can lead to interesting conclusions. The 15 men received short-acting IM TE (testosterone injection) every 21 days and had their bloodwork and testosterone levels monitored. The researchers discovered a correlation between transient ischemic attacks and men who had a mean Hct levels higher than 48%. Although the study was performed on a small group of men, it is an important research finding because throws a spotlight on the potential side effects of TRT. Additionally, the FDA also forces companies that make testosterone products to add a warning on the label stating “possible increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients taking testosterone”. High hematocrit: The effects of different testosterone products Researchers have discovered that various testosterone formulations have different effects when it comes to the occurrence of erythrocytosis in patients who undergo TRT. For example, short-acting injectables such as IM TC and IM TE render an incidence of erythrocytosis higher than 40%. The other formulations have a much lower incidence and are considered safer, although testosterone is absorbed much slower into the body. Men who are prescribed and use transdermal gels such as AndroGel 1.62% have an approximately 13% chance of developing erythrocytosis, according to some studies. These types of gels can have a dose of testosterone of 20–100 mg and can be applied to the shoulder area or directly on the skin. Similarly, crystalline pellets that are implanted under the skin have a T formulation of 75mg per pellet and can lead to a 35% chance of developing erythrocytosis in the long run. Studies define erythrocytosis as a hematocrit level higher than 52%. Researchers have found a possible link between high hematocrit levels and high hemoglobin levels in people who are on testosterone replacement therapy. However, more in-depth studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms that cause erythrocytosis to happen during TRT. Furthermore, some studies show that there is also a higher risk for patients who benefit from TRT to develop CV complications as a result of increased blood viscosity. It's important to also develop other treatment options for hypogonadal men, such as aromatase inhibitors, human chorionic gonadotropin, and others. Lastly, when TRT is absolutely necessary, patients might take into consideration safer testosterone products, such as undecanoates, which can be taken orally or as transdermal gels. Understanding why blood donations shouldn’t be done too frequently It is estimated that approximately 70% of the blood supply in the United States comes from repeat donors. Although donating blood is a commendable act, people should be careful when donating several times a year because they can develop iron deficiency. A plethora of men decides to donate blood to also decrease hematocrit levels. A study conducted on 235 men concluded that frequent blood donors can develop iron deficiency The group of 235 men was separated into 3 categories: – control group with no donations, group 2 with 2 donations per year and group 3 with 3 donations per year. The age of the donors was between 17 and 65 years and their hemoglobin values were higher than 12.5 g/dl. Donors who took iron supplements before were excluded from this study to avoid interfering with the results. The researchers looked at a couple of important values, such as hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Ferritin is a type of intracellular protein responsible for transporting and releasing iron throughout the body. Iron deficiency was defined as serum hemoglobin levels below 13 g/dl and serum ferritin levels below 15 μg/l. No participant in the study has donated blood in the previous 8 weeks. Researchers have found out that the patients in the case groups (2 and 3) had a decreased level of hemoglobin and ferritin in comparison with the patients in the control group. More specifically, men in group 3 had ferritin mean levels of 26 and a hemoglobin level of 13.8, those in group 2 had ferritin mean levels of 56 and hemoglobin levels of 15.4 while the control group had ferritin mean levels of 108 and hemoglobin levels of 15.9. Caution about frequent blood donations: The study presented evidence that donating blood more than once or twice per year can significantly deplete iron stores and can lead to anemia. Moreover, the medical industry relies on donations of a healthy supply of blood rich in iron, so certain donors (especially those who donate frequently) might not be eligible for repeat donations. Likewise, measuring the hemoglobin level only might not be a reliable indicator of a person being suitable for blood donation or not. The ferritin levels should also be taken into account to prevent anemia in various donors. Is supplementing with iron a solution for low iron/ ferritin caused by frequent blood donations? This is a good question, but the answer might not be that simple. It is a well-known fact that supplementing with iron should be done carefully since too much iron in the bloodstream can cause damage to organs and tissues. Additionally, those patients who have family members with cancer might not be eligible for iron supplementation. Speaking with a doctor before taking iron supplements is the best thing to do.   Buy a low cost testosterone test    References: Ohlander et al. Sex Med Rev 2018; 6:77-85 Yousef and Alkhiary, J Sleep Disord Ther 2015, 4:2

Table of Contents What is the Epstein-Barr Virus? EBV Symptoms How Can Someone Get Infected with EBV? Diagnosing EBV Treating EBV EBV Complications How is EBV Tested Using Blood Samples? Blood Tests for EBV Infection at DiscountedLabs.com How Does It Work? What’s Next? What is the Epstein-Barr Virus? The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be one of the widely spread viruses in the world. Estimates show that approximately 95% of adults have antibodies for this virus. This means that they are infected or have been infected with EBV at some point in their lives. EBV can cause an infection called mononucleosis as well as other health complications which can be life-threatening. It’s important to extend your knowledge about EBV so that you can protect yourself and avoid complications. EBV can be tested for using two different tests you can purchase from DiscountedLabs.com - the EBV Acute Infection Antibodies Profile and the EBV Early Antigen Assembly IgG. Let’s talk about EBV in greater details. EBV Symptoms EBV is also known as the human herpesvirus 4, and it is commonly found all over the world. Most adults get infected with this virus at some point in their lives, but usually, symptoms are mild and complications rare. Here are the most common symptoms of EBV: Rashes Extreme fatigue Inflamed spleen and throat Inflamed lymph nodes Enlarged liver It’s important to notice that most people don’t have any symptoms, particularly children. When symptoms do occur, these are easily confused with the symptoms of other common illnesses. If a person shows symptoms of having EBV, these can go away in about three or four weeks without treatment. However, some people experience symptoms such as extreme fatigue for several months in a row. This is rare, though. People who have relatively weak immune systems are more likely to develop symptoms. After an EBV infection, the virus can get deactivated and stay in the body for the rest of your life. It is possible for the virus to “wake up” and show symptoms again over your lifetime, but your body has already developed antibodies, so its negative effects are greatly diminished.   How Can Someone Get Infected with EBV? EBV can be transmitted from one person to the other very easily. Here are the most common transmission methods: Through saliva (kissing) Sharing objects, cutlery items or a toothbrush with an infected person Sharing food recipients, cups or eating tools with an infected person lGetting in contact with objects with saliva on them such as the toys of babies Sexual contact Blood transfusions Organ transplant The most common transmission is through saliva. Kissing an infected person can easily get the virus from his/her body to yours. EBV is known to stay on infected objects for as long as these are moist. Therefore, if you use cutlery or glasses previous used by infected people, you will get EBV. Once you get EBV, you’ll also indirectly spread it to others as the virus is in an active state. EBV can also be transferred to another person through bodily fluids (semen or blood) as well as through organ transplants. Diagnosing EBV It is relatively difficult to diagnose EBV since this virus shows symptoms like other illnesses so that doctors can get easily confused. However, more advanced testing methods have been created, and you can detect EBV in your body using a blood test. The blood test checks for EBV antibodies created by your system. Nearly 90% of adults have EBV antibodies which means they have been infected with this virus before. Treating EBV Treating EBV is also quite difficult because there’s no way to get this virus out of your system once it’s there. However, you can use over the counter medicine to alleviate the symptoms of EBV. For example, people frequently use pain and fever medication as well as other types of pills to reduce fatigue. The only way to prevent getting infected with EBV is to avoid kissing infected persons or using objects previously used by them. Make sure that you stay away from toothbrushes used by a person with EBV as well as food utensils, cutlery items, etc. EBV Complications In rare cases, EBV can cause different types of complications and severe health conditions. Mononucleosis is one the most common conditions caused by EBV. That’s why it’s important to test yourself and see if you have been infected with EBV in the past. For example, EBV can cause mild ear infections in children as well as diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems or cold-like symptoms such as a running nose. EBV infections can also cause neurological problems such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. This health condition is an auto-immune disease in which the immune system starts attacking nerve cells. As a result, people with Guillain-Barré syndrome experience numbness, tingling sensations and paralysis in the worst cases. Meningoencephalitis is also a common health complication of EBV. This is characterized by an infection of the meninges and the brain at the same time. Other people report abnormalities in the way blood is coagulated in the body, leading to anemia, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Since EBV can enlarge the spleen, very few people experience a rupture of the spleen as a complication of EBV. This happens very rarely (2 in 1000 people). Other complications include airway obstructions as a result of inflamed airway tissues. Although it can happen very rarely, certain types of cancers or tumors can also appear as a result of getting infected with EBV. These life-threatening conditions develop later in life after the virus has been present in the body for many years. For example, the Burkitt's lymphoma is a common tumor found in people with EBV. It is commonly found among African children and the tumors are in the jaw area. Studies show that more than 95% of children in Africa have been infected with this disease. Hodgkin lymphoma can also develop as a result of an EBV infection. This disease is life-threatening, and doctors have found approximately 50% of EVB material when analyzing patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, so there is a correlation between the two. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is also associated with EBV infections, particularly in Chinese populations. Very few people have developed this cancer, though. T-cell lymphomas have been correlated with EBV infections too as well as certain hematologic conditions. How is EBV Tested Using Blood Samples? As mentioned earlier, you can test to see if you have been infected with EBV by using the tests available at DiscountedLabs.com. These tests require you to draw a blood sample which will be analyzed in a laboratory. The test is run to determine if there are EBV-specific antibodies present in your system. If antibodies are found, it means that you have been infected with EBV recently or at some point in the past. If no antibodies are found, it means that you don’t have EBV. However, since this disease is easily transmissible, you can still get it at some point in the future from an infected person. EBV antibodies are created as a response to EBV-specific antigens. An antigen is a type of toxin which triggers an immune reaction in the body. For example, the EBV test looks for antibodies to three specific antigens such as viral capsid antigen IgG (VCA), VCA IgM and EBNA which stands for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. Depending on whether some or all these antibodies are present in the blood, the doctors can diagnose the EBV infection and determine its severity. For example: If there are antibodies to the EBNA antigen present in the body, the infection has occurred at some point in the past. If there are VCA IgM antibodies and no antibodies to EBNA, then this means that the EBV infection happened very recently If there are VCA IgG antibodies present in the blood, then it means that the infection occurred at some point in the past or recently. Blood Tests for EBV Infection at DiscountedLabs.com DiscountedLabs offers you two types of tests to determine whether you have been infected with EBV or not. The EBV Acute Infection Antibodies Profile test looks at the antibodies to all three antigens we talked about earlier. This test comes at an affordable price, and it can help in diagnosing EBV infection as well as ruling out other illnesses such as chronic fatigue syndrome. The EBV Early Antigen Assembly IgG test can be used in diagnosing the EBV infection, and it should be used in conjunction with other clinical information related to the patient. The test uses the chemiluminescent immunoassay method which is very accurate in detecting antibodies in the bloodstream. How Does It Work? Taking advantage of these tests is easy. You just order your preferred test from DiscountedLabs, and you’ll be emailed a form to print out and visit a nearby lab for blood collection. Your samples will be analyzed in a laboratory, and you’ll get the results mailed back to you in just a few business days. You can check the results against reference values, or you can talk with your physician to help you interpret the results. That’s it! What’s Next? As you can see, EBV appears to be harmless, and it’s usually asymptomatic. However, your health is more important than anything, and it’s great to know whether an EBV infection transforms into something more complicated. Order the tests from DiscountedLabs today and be in complete control of your health!

Tired of being tired?: Get these fatigue lab tests to find out why Getting fatigued is a normal part of life, but certain people feel profound tiredness all the times. Scientists agree that during the evening when it’s time to go to bed, it is normal to feel tired and sleepy, but it’s not normal if you feel that way in the morning after 8 hours of sleep. Chronic fatigue can be a real problem, and it can stay in the way of living a productive and happy life. Other symptoms may be present along with this problem, and if it persists for an extended period of time, the person may develop more serious health conditions. Table of Contents Tired of being tired?: Get these fatigue lab tests to find out why How do I know I’m chronically fatigued?   How does a complete fatigue panel help me? What are the advantages of getting a fatigue lab test panel? How does this panel diagnose chronic fatigue? Thyroid tests Free T4 Test – this type of test looks at a hormone in the body called thyroxine (T4). Thyroxine is then converted to T3, a hormone that regulates body temperature, helps in producing energy, and monitors heart rate. Total and Free Testosterone Tests Anemia Tests   Glucose Tests   The importance of insulin in the body High sugar levels in the blood can cause multiple health problems Adrenal Glands Tests Immune system tests Iron tests FAQ Conclusion How do I know I’m chronically fatigued? Again, being tired all the time and feeling like your battery is in “low-power” mode constantly goes beyond a usual headache, sore muscles, or a temporary lack of concentration. You might be chronically fatigued if: · You start to develop muscle and joint pains · You feel tired even after a good night’s sleep · You lack energy, motivation, and you’d rather put your head on a pillow instead of doing something important · You have periodic mood swings · You have tried a plethora of energy drinks and drank multiple cups of coffee to no avail · You have mental fog most of the times · You feel exhausted, and even small physical efforts are difficult for you If you have one or more severe symptoms above, it is possible that you might be fatigued. This can happen because of a variety of reasons. For example, there might be hormonal deficiencies in your system which can render one unable to recover properly. The human body is extremely complex, and your fatigue problem might be difficult to spot at first. For example, some people might have low testosterone levels; others might encounter adrenal deficiencies or thyroid dysfunction. How does a complete fatigue panel help me? A complete fatigue panel is designed to analyze multiple hormones in the body to determine in which ones a person might be deficient. This can be done by drawing blood and saliva sample and sending them to a lab for complete analysis.   What are the advantages of getting a fatigue lab test panel? There are numerous benefits of getting a fatigue panel such as: · All-in-one testing procedure – the panel monitors the function of multiple organs and hormones such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, blood glucose, total and free testosterone, vitamin deficiencies, etc., so you don’t have to do these tests separately · Order online and get results by email – once you get the panel, you go to a lab to offer a blood sample and get the results back by email, usually in just a few business days · Get a free consultation with a physician – not everyone is trained to analyze blood results, so once you get those, you will visit a local physician who will take a look at the results and provide professional guidance and counsel based on these results · 100% confidential and secure – your results are not shared with anyone and ordering a fatigue panel online is completely safe and secure   How does this panel diagnose chronic fatigue? As mentioned earlier, a complete fatigue panel runs multiple tests to determine vitamin or hormone deficiencies in one’s body. Let’s take a closer look at these tests and learn more about them.   Thyroid tests The thyroid gland is situated in the neck, responsible forregulating countless hormones and substances in the body. If it doesn’t function correctly, the person in question might feel fatigued and lack motivation. Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland gets “lazy,” meaning it doesn’t produce the required amount of hormones for the body to function correctly. Peoplewith hypothyroidism might feel tired most of the time, which is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as weight changes, loss of appetite, and poor concentration. In some cases, people might also experience other symptoms such as hair loss (particularly the eyebrows), brittle nails, and a great sensitivity to cold temperatures. The fatigue panel you order will analyze the function of the thyroid and run tests such as TSH, Free T3, and Free T4: Free T4 Test – this type of test looks at a hormone in the body called thyroxine (T4). Thyroxine is then converted to T3, a hormone that regulates body temperature, helps in producing energy, and monitors heart rate. Peoplewith hypothyroidism might experience a decreased production of thyroxine, leading to excessive fatigue, lack of motivation, and other symptoms. TSH test – TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone, a type of hormone produced by the pituitary gland. The fatigue panel looks at the levels of TSH in your bloodstream to determine if you have too much or too little TSH. This hormone is essential because as its name implies, it stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T4 and T3 hormones. If the TSH levels are too high, the thyroid gland might work overtime, leading to thyroid dysfunction and fatigue. Free T3 Test – We talked about the T3 hormone earlier in the “Free T4 Test,” and learned that the T3 gets converted from T4. This hormone (T3) is also responsible for regulating the heart rate, body temperature, and other essential body functions. If the levels of unbound triiodothyronine (T3) are too low, this might result in excessive fatigue, which can last for weeks and even months. It is essential to mention here that a high-quality fatigue panel looks at the free levels of T3 in the body, not only at the total T3 levels because these are the most responsible for regulating energy and causing fatigue. Total and Free Testosterone Tests Testosterone is one of the most essential hormones in the body for men AND women. Today, it is a well-known fact that low testosterone levels are responsible for the lack of motivation, low energy, and even mild depression in some cases. Testosterone is available in 2 ways – free and bound to proteins. A high-quality fatigue panel looks at the total testosterone levels and free testosterone levels (unbound to proteins) to determine if this is indeed the leading cause of excessive tiredness in men and women. The total testosterone test measures the whole spectrum of testosterone in one’s body. This should be between 300 and 900 nanograms per deciliter of blood for men, but this depends on lifestyle, age, body composition, and other factors. When the total testosterone levels drop below 350 ng/dl, a condition known as hypogonadism develops. This diagnosis can be a severe cause of excessive fatigue and other symptoms and body changes such as lack of concentration and male breast development (gynecomastia). The free testosterone test looks specifically at unbound testosterone levels. It is important to measure those in particular because a low amount of them can account for excessive fatigue in men and women of all ages.   Anemia Tests Anemia is a severe problem which can become very dangerous for one's health if left untreated. As you probably already know, red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells, tissues, and organs throughout the body. Anemic people usually have too few red blood cells in the bloodstream. Too few red blood cells can cause various symptoms such as excessive tiredness, dizziness, irregular heartbeats, etc. The fatigue panel runs various tests to determine the level of hemoglobin in the body (a protein responsible for carrying oxygen) and analyze hematocrit values (the volume of red blood cells in the bloodstream). The hematocrit tests look at the percentage of red cells in the bloodstream. A small rate might be indicative of anemia as well as chronic fatigue. The hemoglobin tests measure the level of hemoglobin in the body. Again, if this protein is in small quantities, one can develop anemia. The Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) tests look at the size of the red blood cells. This is important because if the size of these cells is too small, this might result in iron deficiency. If the cells are too large, this might be linked to vitamin B6 or folic acid deficiency. The Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) values are also measured in conjunction with the MCV to determine the potential cause of anemia. Glucose Tests Just as cars need to burn fuel to move from one place to the other, your body also requires an adequate fuel supply to function correctly. If vehicles have gasoline, we humans have glucose (or sugar). Normal blood sugar levels help one have sufficient energy to get through the day. However, too much or too little blood sugar levels can lead to multiple severe health conditions and excessive fatigue. When the body detects a high amount of sugar in the bloodstream (particularly after eating meals full of carbs and fats, which are metabolized into glucose in the body), it will signal the pancreas to produce a hormone called insulin. The importance of insulin in the body Insulin acts as a locksmith that opens up cells, so they can absorb the excess glucose in the bloodstream and produce energy. When the blood sugar levels return to normal, the pancreas stops producing insulin, and the cycle repeats. However, when too much glucose is detected in the bloodstream regularly, the pancreas is forced to produce higher amounts of insulin which might then drop the sugar levels too low. As a result, your cells and organs won’t have as much fuel at their disposal, and you always feel tired. Furthermore, when there is an excessive amount of sugar in the blood for several years in a row, the cells in the body start to develop insulin resistance, meaning that they won’t “open up” as efficiently as before to absorb glucose and produce energy. This can lead to diabetes which is a severe medical condition.   High sugar levels in the blood can cause multiple health problems High amounts of glucose can also lead to other issues such as slow circulation, higher risk of inflammation in the body, less oxygen transported to cells, organs, etc. People who experience these symptoms are fatigued most of the time, despite having regular sleep schedules. Even those who have high blood sugar levels but do not have diabetes can still feel tired most of the time, compared with people with normal glucose levels. A fatigue panel is designed to test glucose levels and determines if one is predisposed to diabetes type I and II. Such tests also measure the average glycated hemoglobin levels (A1c), which are sugar-coated oxygen-carrying red blood cell proteins. A high level of these cells can indicate a predisposition to diabetes at some point in the future and can be linked to chronic fatigue.   Adrenal Glands Tests The adrenal glands are situated just on top of your kidneys and generate multiple important hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol. Think of them as responsible with the “fight or flight” response when you’re stressed out, scared, or excited. These glands are essential because if they don't function correctly, one can develop chronic fatigue and mild signs of depression. Studies show that approximately 40% of people over 60 have to deal with constant tiredness associated with reduced adrenal function. We all live stressful lives and have to juggle a thousand daily problems and responsibilities. This makes the adrenal glands pump a lot of cortisol and adrenaline into the body. Too many hormones can make someone feel very stressed, mildly depressed, and fatigued. Poor sleep quality can also worsen the problem because the adrenal glands tend to recover when the body is at rest. Most people don’t get enough sleep during the night, so these glands don’t get a chance to rejuvenate properly. Add periodic stimulants to the equation (alcohol and drugs), and the load on the adrenal glands can quickly become overwhelming. Adrenal problems don’t only translate into constant fatigue. Dizziness, poor concentration, anxiety and panic attacks, etc also accompany them. A complete fatigue panel looks at the hormones produced by the adrenal glands and determines if they are in sufficient quantities. For example: The DHEA test looks at the levels of DHEA-S in the body. This is an androgen hormone, and if it is in excessively high quantities, the person in question might suffer from adrenal hyperplasia. Similarly, if the levels of DHEA-S are insufficient, this can lead to chronic fatigue. The salivary cortisol test is also essential in determining the differences in cortisol levels at different moments of the day. Patients will be asked to collect four saliva samples during the day, and this will indicate whether the adrenal glands function correctly or they produce too much cortisol regularly.   Immune system tests As you probably already know, the immune system is responsible for neutralizing viruses and bacteria which get in the body so you don’t get sick all the time. It relies on a series of cells, such as the T cells and other hormones, to identify viruses and eliminate them before they get a chance to multiply. An immune system that functions properly requires energy.Suppose there is too much inflammation in the body (as a result of injury, being exposed to a lot of viruses and toxins, etc.). In that case, this system will work overtime to protect your health, and it will consume vast amounts of energy, leaving you tired and in a bad mood. A complete fatigue panel includes tests that measure the number of white cells in the bloodstream. These cells are responsible for neutralizing viruses and bacteria as well. In some rare cases, the bone marrow might not produce sufficient white cells, which can signify a more severe problem.   Iron tests Iron is an essential element in the body, as it produces red blood cells that help carry oxygen to organs and tissues. Anemia, which is characterized by exhaustion, wooziness, and a general feeling of weakness, can result from not having enough iron in one's body. A fatigue panel looks at different hormones in the body which are responsible for metabolizing and storing iron. For example: The ferritin test looks at the ferritin levels in the bloodstream. This protein is responsible for storing iron, and if its levels are insufficient, one can develop anemia, which leads to excessive tiredness. One reason ferritin levels might be low is that one donates too much blood each year. Studies show that donating blood more than twice a year can deplete ferritin levels, leading to anemia. The TIBC test (total iron binding capacity) looks at the absolute levels of iron available in the bloodstream. If this value is too high, then the amounts of iron in the body are insufficient, which can cause excessive fatigue. FAQ 1. Do I need to fast before getting tested? Doing a fasting session of 8-12 hours is recommended before drawing blood. Also, biotin supplementation should be stopped 72 hours before being tested. 2. How quickly are the results delivered? You will usually get the results by email in a few business days. 3. What specimens are submitted for testing? Fatigue panels require patients to submit a blood specimen and, in some cases, a saliva specimen for testing. The instructions on managing and properly collecting these samples are provided within the package, so you will know precisely what to do. 4. What should I do after I get the results? Your healthcare provider will interpret your results and, if necessary, will suggest effective treatment options. For example, if you have iron deficiency and this is the leading cause of your fatigue, you’ll be guided to supplement with iron for some time. Similarly, suppose low testosterone or thyroid hormone blood levels cause your fatigue. In that case, you'll be advised to explore solutions such as Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) or thyroid hormone replacement to help deal with your fatigue problem. 5. Is this test safe? Yes! The submission of samples and results analysis is entirely confidential, and you’ll be drawing blood in a medical setting under specialized supervision.   Conclusion Diagnosing chronic fatigue is not easy, but you’re one step closer to feeling better by ordering a comprehensive fatigue panel. Order the complete fatigue panel today from Discounted Labs, and you can drastically improve the quality of your life!   BUY THE COMPREHENSIVE FATIGUE BLOOD TEST PANEL HERE    

Thyroid problems are prevalent in the United States and the entire world. In some cases, the thyroid makes too many hormones and patients take drugs for hyperthyroidism. In other cases, the thyroid is sluggish and makes insufficient amounts of T3 and T4. This is called hypothyroidism and there are drugs prescribed for this disease too. Although thyroid problems can be kept under control with thyroid drugs, other medications that patients might take can interfere with these drugs. 5% of people in the US are treated for thyroid problems, so it's important to know what drugs might affect these treatments. Keep reading this article to find out more, especially if you're currently taking thyroid medication for hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Table of Contents What Drugs Are Used to Treat Thyroid Problems? How Do Meds Interfere with Thyroid Drugs? Medicines That Make the Body Eliminate Levothyroxine Too Quickly Drugs That Decrease the Absorption of Levothyroxine in the Body Medications That Might Increase Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG Lab Test) Levels Blood Thinners Might Severely Interact with Levothyroxine Treatment Conclusion Always Keep Your Thyroid Hormones in Check What Drugs Are Used to Treat Thyroid Problems? If you're struggling with an underactive thyroid, your doctor might prescribe levothyroxine as an ongoing medication for your hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is also known as Levoxyl, Levo-T, Thyro-Tabs, Unithroid, and so on as these are the brand names used to sell the drug. On the other hand, if you're dealing with a hyperactive thyroid, you need medication to reduce the amount of T3 and T4 produced by your thyroid. In this case, you might be prescribed propylthiouracil and/or methimazole. The latter drug is also known as Tapazole. How Do Meds Interfere with Thyroid Drugs? Various drugs and medications interfering with each other is a well-known fact. In many cases, the labels of various drugs instruct patients what meds or substances to avoid ensuring the efficiency of their treatment. This is also the case for thyroid drugs. For example: Some drugs might make the body eliminate levothyroxine from the body too quickly, reducing the effectiveness of the thyroid treatment Certain drugs might alter the way levothyroxine interacts with tissues in the body Other drugs might prevent tissues from absorbing levothyroxine properly Levothyroxine itself might increase the levels of other drugs in the blood, reducing their safety and efficiency As an analogy, it has been discovered that black pepper increases the absorption rate of various vitamins and minerals in the blood. That's why certain supplements such as curcumin are usually formulated with black pepper to be absorbed by the body more effectively. Similarly, certain drugs might make levothyroxine ineffective, so the efficiency of your thyroid treatment is decreased. It's recommended to keep a list of medicines you regularly take and run it by your doctor if your thyroid treatment is ineffective Medicines That Make the Body Eliminate Levothyroxine Too Quickly When the body has an excess of a substance, it eliminates it in several ways such as through perspiration, urine, or feces. Certain drugs can make the body produce more enzymes and accelerate the speed at which certain substances are eliminated. If you have a thyroid gland that functions properly, your body can compensate for this mechanism by making more thyroid hormones. However, people with hypothyroidism cannot make more T3 and T4, and the levothyroxine taken through medicine is eliminated from the body too quickly. Various drugs can make the body produce more enzymes such as antiseptic drugs that are prescribed to counteract seizures. For example,  phenobarbitals, primidone, and phenytoin (aka Dilantin) can increase the metabolism of levothyroxine in the body. Other drugs such as antimicrobial agents can also increase enzyme levels in the body and cause the elimination of levothyroxine too quickly. For example, rifampin, efavirenz, and nevirapine (aka Viramune) are enzyme inducers and some of them even cause hypothyroidism in patients on levothyroxine therapy. Some drugs that are used in the treatment of leukemia and certain cancers might also cause hypothyroidism when used in combination with levothyroxine. For example, imatinib, aka Gleevec, might have this effect on certain patients. Certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline (Zoloft) might make levothyroxine treatment become ineffective. These are drugs used to treat depression and millions of Americans use them. Drugs That Decrease the Absorption of Levothyroxine in the Body Some drugs that are administered to treat a certain disease might make the body absorb less levothyroxine when the two medicines are combined. That's why it's advisable to take your thyroid drugs at least 4 or 6 hours before or after taking the other drugs. For example, antacids are a category of medicines that can reduce the effectiveness of levothyroxine. These drugs are administered to treat heartburn. Calcium products such as Rolaids can also interfere with the correct absorption of levothyroxine. Sucralfate, aka Carafate, is a drug given to treat stomach ulcers. It has been discovered that it reduces the absorption of levothyroxine in the body. However, if patients take their thyroid drugs 8 hours after taking sucralfate, this problem can be avoided. Iron supplements such as Feosol are another category of drugs that might interfere with levothyroxine absorption. Sevelamer, a drug administered to people with chronic kidney disease, has a similar effect. It should be given after at least 6 hours of taking levothyroxine medication to avoid negating the impact of the thyroid drug. Certain antibiotics can also reduce the absorption of levothyroxine. Although more research is needed, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and lomefloxacin might interfere with a patient's thyroid medication, and these two categories of drugs should be separated by at least 4 hours. Drugs that help the body transform cholesterol into bile acids should also be separated from thyroid medications by at least 6 hours. For example, Cholestyramine, Colestipol (aka Colestid), and colesevelam are bile acid binders and shouldn't be combined with levothyroxine. Finally, drugs used to treat osteoporosis, such as Evista (Raloxifene), might also decrease the absorption rate of levothyroxine in the body. Although more evidence is needed, specialists recommend separating the two drugs by at least 12 hours. Medications That Might Increase Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG Lab Test) Levels TBG is a particular type of protein that carries thyroid hormones through the body via your bloodstream. Tissues absorb the required amount of thyroid hormones as they "detach" from TBG. However, when TBG levels are high, more thyroid hormones remain bound to TBG, and they cannot reach the tissues where they are most needed. If a person has a normally functioning thyroid, this is not a problem. The thyroid gland makes more hormones to compensate. However, most people with hypothyroidism cannot "afford" to produce more thyroid hormones. Certain drugs or substances might increase TBG levels and reduce your levothyroxine treatment's effectiveness. For example, oral contraceptives contain estrogens that increase the levels of TBG in the bloodstream. Estrogen replacement therapy might also increase TBG levels, but this can be avoided by using transdermal estrogen medication. This administration method doesn't affect the TBG lab test and and it doesn't interfere with your thyroid drugs. Blood Thinners Might Severely Interact with Levothyroxine Treatment Blood thinners are medications administered to people who are at risk of developing blood clots. If a blood clot forms in an essential part of the body, it can be life-threatening. Strokes are good examples in this case. Those who struggle with pulmonary embolism, vein thrombosis, or heart disease might be on a dose of blood-thinning medication such as warfarin. This medication is an anticoagulant, and it might interact with levothyroxine treatment. For example, if a person has an overly active thyroid (hyperthyroidism), the warfarin dose might make the blood thinner than usual. This can lead to bleeding, and it can be life-threatening in some instances. The warfarin anticoagulant might be ineffective if a person has an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). In this case, the blood becomes somehow resistant to the effects of warfarin, and it remains too thick, increasing the risk of developing blood clots. That's why it's essential to carefully manage your intake of levothyroxine and warfarin or other types of blood thinners. If you feel your thyroid medication is ineffective, talk to your doctor and see if warfarin could interfere with it. Conclusion As mentioned earlier, levothyroxine is widely prescribed to patients, particularly in the United States. Although it can work wonders in the correct dosage for suitable patients, levothyroxine can easily interact with other drugs you might take daily. Your responsibility is to pay attention to potential symptoms and talk to your doctor if you feel your thyroid treatment should be more effective. Keep a list of all the drugs you take and show it to your doctor during your next meeting. This will help you make the proper adjustments and find a balance between levothyroxine and other drugs you might take. Always Keep Your Thyroid Hormones in Check The thyroid gland doesn't get as much credit as it deserves, but it's solely responsible for how much energy you have throughout the day and how your body metabolizes substances. It's recommended to keep your thyroid hormones in check using affordable blood tests from a reputable provider. For example, you can go to DiscountedLabs.com and look at the inexpensive thyroid panels available online. This test requires a single blood sample and gives you more details about your T3, T4, and TSH levels, so you know whether your thyroid is usually workingor not.    

Table of contents Table of Contents Study #1 - The link between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, body composition and glucose tolerance in seniors Study #2 – Seasonal variation of vitamin D in Danish adults and children Study #3 – Vitamin D3 and interleukin 18 are closely linked with depression in men with psoriasis Study #4 – The correlation between vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and trabecular bone score Study #5 – The link between vitamin D supplementation, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight men Study #6 – The association between vitamin D deficiency and Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis in obese people Study #7 – The link between MTHFR deficiency, sperm DNA hypomethylation and high doses of folic acid Study #8 – the link between selenium status and the prevalence of prostate cancer Study #9 – The relationship between vitamin D and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) Study #1 - The link between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, body composition and glucose tolerance in seniors This study a.nalyzes the connection between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance as well as body composition in men and women. Study participants were 271 community-dwelling seniors over 60 years of age. The study analysis focused on comparing the appendicular lean mass index and fat mass index based on serum vitamin D concentrations. Multivariable linear regression as used depending on the BMI of the study participants, their physical activity level, smoking status, sex, and age. Study results The study concluded that those in the lowest serum vitamin D quartile had a higher fat mass in comparison with those in the third quartile and first quartile. The highest serum vitamin D quartile was associated with better insulin sensitivity and less predisposition to develop type 2 diabetes. The highest insulin resistance was seen in patients in the second serum vit,amin D quartile The study results indicate that a low serum vitamin D might be associated with impaired glucose metabolism and a higher fat mass index, regardless of BMI and other risk factors. Study #2 – Seasonal variation of vitamin D in Danish adults and children This study looks at the vitamin D variation in Danish children and adults depending on the season. Three thousand ninety-two people participated in the study. The participation had a profound effect on vitamin D concentrations in those people who were children and 2565 adults. The study took place between 2012 and 2014. A small portion of these participants had blood drawn each month to accurately determine the vitamin D concentration in Nordic populations. Information regarding vitamin D supplementation was also obtained using questionnaires. The seasonal variations of vitamin D were measured and recorded based on age, sex, and supplementation level. Study results The study concluded that approximately 86% of adults and children had sufficient vitamin D in during spring or autumn. Many participants had spring concentrations below 50 nmol/L. The study also found out that women generally had better average concentrations of vitamin D in comparison with men. Vitamin D supplementation was measured accurately, and it has been found that it had a profound effect on vitamin D concentrations in both adults and children, particularly during spring. The study indicates that vitamin D variation during different seasons is significant, and bi-seasonal measurements are required to determine the vitamin D concentration in Nordic populations accurately. Study #3 – Vitamin D3 and interleukin 18 are closely linked with depression in men with psoriasis Psoriasis patients have common traits including a deficiency of vitamin D3, systemic inflammation, and others. This study looks at the link between the severity of the depression and certain inflammation biomarkers in men with psoriasis. Eighty-five men participated in the study. The average age was 47 years, give or take 14 years. Sixty-five men without psoriasis also participated in the study and their average age, give or take 13 years. Both groups of men had their BMI and blood pressure measured a,s well as serum concentrations of lipids, interleukin 6 and 18, vitamin D3 and cortisol. The participants filled the Beck depression inventory, and those who had psoriasis were assessed depending on severity and body area covered by lesions. Study results The study concluded that patients with psoriasis had higher cholesterol profiles, higher interleukin 18 levels, higher body mass indices, and lower vitamin D3 concentrations in the bloodstream compared to the control group. Moreover, the depression severity in patients with psoriasis was positively correlated with the duration and severity of psoriasis and negatively correlated with vitamin D3 concentrations. The study results indicate a link between high concentrations of interleukin 18, low concentrations of vitamin D3 and the severity of depression in men with psoriasis. This is an important finding because it opens up the path to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplementation or anti-inflammatory treatments might be effective in patients with psoriasis. Study #4 – The correlation increased vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and trabecular bone score This study looks at the association between trabecular bone score, vitamin D and omega-3 trial in men and women. The trabecular bone score represents a method to determine bone density based on bone microarchitecture. It is a marker for osteoporosis. This research analyzed TBS (trabecular bone score) to determine if it differs based on sex, age, race or BMI. The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation were analyzed to determine their effectiveness in reducing risks for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Six hundred seventy-two people participated in this study. Three hundred of them were men, and 303 were women. The average age was 63 years, give or take six years. Study results The study concluded that TBS was higher in men than women but lower in those who had high BMI drank too much alcohol, used SSRI or had diabetes. It has also been found that a low TBS is correlated with a history of fragility fractures. The TBS didn’t vary depending on caffeine use, race or smoking habits. More studies are required to determine if vitamin D supplementation might help improve TBS and prevent osteoporosis observed results were changes in body fat percentage and Study #5 – The link between vitamin D supplementation, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight men This study examines the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and health problems such as adiposity and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness. It was a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study which took place throughout six months. Forty obese or overweight people participated in the study. Their BMI was higher than 25, and their vitamin D deficiency was ≤ 55 nmol/L. The study participants received 2000 IU vitamin D pills or placebo. Body composition data and the level of cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed, and blood samples were drawn from the participants. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body composition, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. Study results The first results observed were changes in body fat percentage as well as oxygen uptake. However, there was no important difference between the placebo and intervention groups when it comes to BMI and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold. This means that supplementing with 2000 IU of vitamin D per day doesn’t influence body composition in overweight or obese men who are deficient in this vitamin. Study #6 – The association between vitamin D deficiency and Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis in obese people Insufficient amounts of vitamin D has been correlated with autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's disorder. Obesity is a primary risk factor for developing autoimmune diseases because it is associated with low vitamin D levels. This study looks at the possible link between low levels of vitamin D and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. Participants in the study were 261 healthy overweight and obese men and women. Their average age was 41 years, give or take approximately 16 years. These were healthy people with no signs of chronic diseases and completely drug-free. The study measured multiple health parameters such as fasting levels of vitamin D, antibodies, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, TSH, thyroid peroxidase, glucose, cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and uric acid. Other parameters measured include BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure. Study results Approximately 55% of the study participants were deficient in vitamin D. Almost 20% of them had autoimmune thyroiditis. The number of people with vitamin D deficiency who also had autoimmune thyroiditis was significantly higher than those who didn’t have AT. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was also higher in patients with AT, compared with patients who didn’t have AT. The study concluded that those who had AT had a higher chance of being `deficient in vitamin D, in comparison with people who didn’t have AT. Approximately 76% of people with vitamin D deficiency were obese, in comparison with 59% of people who didn’t have vitamin D deficiency and were also obese. These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is linked to AT in obese people. Moreover, obesity is also associated with low levels of vitamin D in the bloodstream. The study recommends testing for AT in all overweight and obese patients who have vitamin D deficiency. Study #7 – The link between MTHFR deficiency, sperm DNA hypomethylation and high doses of folic acid High doses of folic acid (vitamin B9) are used to improve the sperm quality of infertile men. Folic acid is an important factor in the DNA methylation process. The researchers who conducted this study discovered a decrease in DNA methylation in the sperm of infertile men who took 5mg of folic acid a day for six months. The epigenomic impact of folic acid on male germ cells was investigated on mice. These mice were given high doses of folic acid (ten times more than the recommended daily intake) or control diets for up to 6 months. Study results There were no significant changes in overall health markers or sperm quality at the end of the study. DNA hypomethylation was detected in mice which received high doses of folic acid. Wild-type mice were given even higher doses of folic acid (20 times the RDI), and they showed signs of DNA hypomethylation only with these very high doses and after 12 months of supplementation, in comparison with other mice. The amount of testicular MTHFR protein levels was decreased in wild-type mice which received 20 times the RDI of folic acid, but not in those who received just ten times the RDI. This finding might suggest that MTHFR deficiency plays an important role in the DNA hypomethylation of sperm. The results of the study indicate that high doses of folic acid might be responsible for sperm DNA hypomethylation and MTHFR deficiency might play an important role in this process. Study #8 – the link between selenium status and the prevalence of prostate cancer The amount of selenium in the body is inversely correlated with prostate cancer, but supplementing with selenium hasn’t been shown to reduce the incidence of this type of cancer. This study looks at the relationship between selenium status, prostate cancer and the genotype of selenoproteins. The gene which encodes selenoprotein 15 is called SELENOF. Tissue microarrays of SELENOF were analyzed to determine its levels and the location of cells in prostate tissue. The study participants were people from the Chicago-based Adiposity Study Cohort. DNA samples from these patients were used to determine genotype frequencies of SELENOF and SELENOP (selenium-carrier protein) as well as baseline selenium levels. Study results The study concluded that SELENOF is significantly decreased in tumors from African-American men in comparison with tumors from Caucasian men. The SELENOF genotypes were linked with higher tumor grades, while the polymorphism in SELENOP was linked with increased serum PSA. Study #9 – The relationship between vitamin D and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) There is an increasing amount of data linking low serum vitamin D levels with cardiovascular diseases. Based on this evidence, the purpose of this study is to analyze if low levels of vitamin D would be correlated with the progression of vascular disease in Canadian adults who are HIV positive. The researchers looked at the link between baseline vitamin D levels and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). This assessment took place between 2002 and 2011. The study was performed using stored blood samples from the Canadian HIV Vascular Study.128 people participated in this study and the average age was approximately 47 years, give or take eight years. Study results Approximately 94% of the study participants were white and nearly 37% of them were smokers. About 14% of the total number of participants was deficient in vitamin D. These people were monitored for up to 8 and a half years on an annual basis, and the CIMT was accurately assessed. The study concluded that baseline levels of vitamin D were inversely associated with CIMT progression. Further studies are required to determine if supplementation might be a good treatment option for this Canadian population. What is vitamin D? Vitamin D is a secosteroid required for absorbing calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the intestinal tract. Vitamin D as a whole consists of a group of secosteroids. The most popular ones are vitamin D3 (aka Cholecalciferol) andvitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol). The human body synthesizes vitamin D from sunlight through the skin. This vitamin is also present in very few foods, but one can use supplementation to get the required daily allowance of vitamin D. What is the RDA of vitamin D? The recommended dietary intake of vitamin D depends on age, but most adults and teenagers need approximately 500-600 IU of vitamin D a day. However, a plethora of researchers agree that it is safe to get more than 600 IU of vitamin D per day since this substance is very important for optimal health. Vitamin D can be taken from certain types of foods such as: · Cod liver oil – important source, approximately 1,300 IU per tablespoon · Salmon – approximately 450 IU per 3 ounces of cooked salmon · Tuna – approximately 150 IU per 3 ounces · Eggs – nearly 40 IU of vitamin D are found in the yolk · Sardines · Milk · Yogurt · Orange juice Vitamin D can also be taken from exposure to sunlight, but the amount synthesized by the skin depends on a lot of factors. For example, the amount of skin exposed to sunlight, whether there are clouds in the sky or not, current season, as well as applied sunscreen, can increase or decrease the amount of vitamin D absorbed by the skin. It's important to know a few things when it comes to producing vitamin D through the skin: · Exposure to sunshine through windows doesn’t allow the skin to produce vitamin D · A sky covered with clouds can reduce the absorption rate by 50% · Sunscreen prevents most of the skin from producing vitamin D, but the shielding is not 100% effective. Some vitamin D is produced even if sunscreen is applied · Exposing the legs, arms, face or back from 5 to 30 minutes twice a week might provide the body with sufficient amounts of vitamin D · Using commercial tanning beds can also help the skin produce some vitamin D, but the amounts are minimal Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency The cells in the body have receptors for vitamin D and this substance acts as a hormone. Unfortunately, it is believed that approximately 1 billion people are deficient in vitamin D. Almost 41% of US citizens have low levels of vitamin D in their bodies, according to a 2011 study. Here are some of the most common signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency: 1. Excessive fatigue – chronic tiredness can have multiple causes, and a deficiency in vitamin D might be one of them. For example, people who have vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml might experience excessive fatigue regularly 2. Depression – depressed people might have low levels of vitamin D in their bloodstream. Observational studies discovered an important relationship between vitamin D deficiency and symptoms of depression and anxiety. 3. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve seasonal depression symptoms 4. Bone deterioration – since vitamin D is involved in the absorption of calcium in the intestinal tract, too little vitamin D might lead to bone loss in people of all ages. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with fragility fractures regularly 5. Back pain – studies show that vitamin D deficiency might also be correlated with severe back pains as well as joint and leg pains 6. Getting sick regularly – vitamin D plays an important role in protecting the body against viruses and bacteria. It stimulates the immune system and prevents colds and flu. People who have a deficiency in vitamin D usually get sick more often and are more sensitive to seasonal viruses and bacteria 7. Slow healing of cuts and bruises – vitamin D is necessary to create new skin tissue and complete the healing process of wounds and cuts. If there isn’t enough vitamin D in the body, injuries might heal slower than usual, and this can be a sign of vitamin D deficiency Who might be at risk for developing vitamin D deficiency? Some people are more likely to havetoo little vitamin D in their bodies. These people are known as groups at risk for vitamin D inadequacy. For example, people who have darker skin are less likely to get enough vitamin D from sunlight, even if they spend a lot of time outdoors. Studies show that the black population is consistently deficient in vitamin D in comparison with white populations. This happens because the extra melanin in the skin of black people prevents the skin from absorbing enough amounts of vitamin D. In such cases, supplementing with vitamin D is a viable option as well as taking this vital nutrient from certain foods such as sardines and tuna. People who spend most of their times indoors are also more likely to develop vitamin D deficiency, for obvious reasons. For example, business professionals who work full-time jobs in office buildings and potentially spend extra time at home working don’t get much exposure to sunlight. Similarly, many children spend a lot of time playing computer games indoors these days, and this can affect their vitamin D absorption. Parents should make a habit of sending their kids outside to get fresh air and a healthy dose of vitamin D from sunlight. Lastly, obese people are commonly associated with low amounts of vitamin D in the bloodstream. This might happen because men and women with a BMI of over 30 have higher amounts of subcutaneous fat. This fat is likely to prevent the release of vitamin D in blood circulation and trap absorbed vitamin D in fat tissues. What to do next? Now you understand the importance of getting adequate amounts of vitamin D in your body. The next logical step would be to become more aware of your vitamin D intake and try to increase it, if possible. For example, consider eating more foods rich in vitamin D as well as exposing your skin to sunlight more often. Vitamin D supplementation is also a good idea, but make sure you speak with your physician first. You might want to assess your vitamin D levels with a blood test before beginning supplementation.  

The glucose tolerance test is one of the best ways to find out if your body is metabolizing blood sugar well. Everything you eat and drink, except water, is eventually transformed into glucose in the body. Glucose is also known as blood sugar level, and it acts as a fuel for the brain. However, having more glucose in the body isn’t necessarily a good thing. The body requires energy to carry out multiple processes and functions. It uses glucose but only needs it in moderate amounts, not too much at once. Problems with blood sugar level appear when there is too much glucose in the bloodstream which facilitates inflammation, infection and the development of diabetes type 2 which is a life-threatening disease. Glucose is processed in the body using insulin which is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. Table of Contents What is insulin? What is insulin resistance? Factors that contribute to insulin resistance Types of diabetes Symptoms of diabetes type 1 and 2 Risk factors for having impaired glucose tolerance or a predisposition to diabetes Glycemic index How is glucose tested? What is a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)? How is glucose tested in the lab? What to do after getting the results? How to stabilize and reduce blood sugar levels Tip #1 – Get more fiber into your diet Tip #2 – Take a multivitamin supplement Tip #3 – Eliminate foods which promote inflammation Tip #4 – Find time to relax Tip #5 – Work out more often What to do next? What is insulin? Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. Its job is to normalize blood sugar levels and reduce the amount of sugar present in the bloodstream. When too much sugar is detected in the blood, the brain sends a signal to the pancreatic cells to start secreting insulin. The insulin hormone “opens up” cells and tissues to absorb glucose (the fuel). This effect makes them function normally and ensure that the blod sugar level is stabilized.   What is insulin resistance? Insulin resistance develops when cells and tissues no longer “open up” to absorb blood sugar. This dysfunction makes people feel relatively lethargic and fatigued. Additionally, since the sugar in the blood is not absorbed, it will simply stay in the bloodstream which is a bad thing. Having too much sugar in the blood can lead to chronic inflammation, fatigue, poor sugar level control and the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance develops over time. This happens as a result of a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet, among other factors.   Factors that contribute to insulin resistance It might take years to develop insulin resistance since this is a gradual process. It is very important to monitor blood sugar levels and prevent insulin resistance which can lead to diabetes type 2 and a poor-quality life. Here are some factors which contribute to insulin resistance: · Not exercising, at least a few times a week – exercise is hands-down one of the best ways to decrease insulin resistance and promote insulin sensitivity which makes cells absorb sugar from the blood · Eating plenty of refined sugars – cookies, candies, chocolate, ice cream are all delicious, but if they are eaten frequently, they significantly increase insulin resistance. Body cells become used to sugar and less susceptible to absorb it from the bloodstream · Being overweight or obese – having too much fat content (particularly in the abdominal area) leads to insulin resistance and a decreased ability to process sugar properly · Acute stress – being under a lot of pressure and having to deal with lots of stress on a daily basis can also lead to the development of insulin resistance. People of an elderly age are more predisposed to develop insulin resistance. However, the quality of the diet and the exercise regimen are primary factors which contribute to insulin resistance. Once cells and tissues become more resistant to insulin, diabetes type 2 can appear. This disease develops slowly over time and requires major lifestyle adjustments to manage it properly.   Types of diabetes There are several types of diabetes, and it is a good idea to learn something about each of them. Diabetes type 1 is also known as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. People who have this disease produce little to no insulin for reasons not completely understood by science today. Insulin is vital to process sugar into the bloodstream, and if the body doesn’t make it, it has to be injected. This illness can be encountered at all stages of life, but it usually affects children. Patients with type 1 diabetes need to rely on periodic doses of insulin to stay healthy. If insulin is not administered at certain moments, these patients can develop health complications which might result in death. Diabetes type 2 is one of the most common types of diabetes. It is caused particularly by insulin resistance which makes cells “harder” and less predisposed to absorb sugar from the bloodstream. Approximately 90% of all diabetic patients have diabetes type 2. It can appear at any age, and it is usually detected and diagnosed using blood glucose tests. People can live with diabetes, but they need to follow strict dietary guidelines and eat foods with a low glycemic index. Diabetes type 2 can be reversed, but only in rare cases and using special diets for a low period such as the ketogenic diet. At some point in time, if diabetes type 2 condition progresses, patients require oral drugs and additional doses of insulin to survive. This disease can also be managed through a steady fitness regimen and by reducing stress levels.   Symptoms of diabetes type 1 and 2 These medical conditions are not without symptoms, and by paying attention to certain signs the body offers, one can discover the illness earlier on and possibly stop its progress. Here are a few common signs of diabetes type 1 and 2: · Excessive thirst and a dry mouth – the body uses water to dilute excessive sugar in the blood · Excessive fatigue for no real reason – since the sugar doesn’t get into cells and tissues anymore because of insulin resistance, people who have diabetes frequently feel tired and fatigued · Frequent urination – the body tries hard to eliminate excess sugar through urine · Wounds which heal slowly – this happens because diabetes damages nerve endings, making it harder for blood to reach surface wounds and heal them · Blurred vision – similarly, too much sugar can affect nerve endings in the retina which can lead to blurred vision and other eyesight problems People must know that these symptoms should be consistent over time. If one has the symptoms above, he or she should take the glucose test as soon as possible to properly diagnose the health problem.   Risk factors for having impaired glucose tolerance or a predisposition to diabetes There are certain groups of people who are more likely to handle glucose in the bloodstream improperly and develop diabetes type 2 in the future. Here are some of them: · People who have a history of diabetes in the family · People who are older than 50 years are more likely to have impaired glucose tolerance · People who have abnormal cholesterol levels · People who have a lot of fat in the abdominal area as well as visceral fat (fat packed between organs and tissues)   Glycemic index The glycemic index is used to measure how much insulin the body needs to produce to process different types of foods. For example, pure glucose has 100 as a glycemic index (GI) which means that it will generate the highest insulin spike. Broccoli, on the other hand, is a complex carbohydrate with a GI of 15 which is considered to be pretty low. Bananas are somewhere in the middle with a GI of 54. Specialists recommend eating a lot of foods with a low GI because these generate a smaller insulin spike and don’t lead to insulin sensitivity. For example, foods you should eat include: 1. Most types of vegetables and legumes since they have a low GI 2. Brown rice (not white rice since it has a higher GI) 3. Yogurt and whole milk 4. Peanuts, beans, and lentils You should avoid foods like: · Pasta and bread · Baked potatoes · Bagels · Taco shells · Most cookies and candies Monitoring your diet and including more foods with a low glycemic index can reduce the risk of developing insulin resistance.   How is glucose tested? Glucose can be tested very simply using a glucose meter which uses a single drop of blood to determine the amount of sugar in the body. The most common glucose test is performed after a fasting period of 9 to 12 hours by taking a blood sample and running a CMP blood test. The patient refrains from eating food or drinking anything else than water for up to 12 hours . A normal fasting glucose level is less than 100 mg/dL. A glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL is considered to be prediabetes. In this case, the patient needs to carefully monitor his or her blood glucose level and try to prevent it from rising. Glucose levels can decrease with diet and exercise. If the glucose level is higher than 125 mg/dL, then the patient has diabetes. This should be confirmed in two separate tests to avoid false diagnosis. The presence of pre-diabetes can also be tested using a special test called a Glucose Tolerance Test for 2 Hours.   What is a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)? This test is more thorough, and it can easily discover glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, impaired pancreatic cell function or different other health complications. Its primary role is to determine how the body handles glucose at certain time intervals. Patients begin by eating a balanced meal which includes at least 150 grams of carbohydrate per day for three days before the test. They are not allowed to drink anything but water for these three days, and they should discontinue nonessential medication which might interfere with the test results. Patients shouldn’t eat anything for at least 8 to 14 hours before the test, and they are allowed to drink water only. Similarly, patients shouldn’t do high-intensity physical exercise for at least 12 hours before the test. They are not allowed to smoke or drink coffee either. If water is consumed, it should be plain water, not flavored water.   How is glucose tested in the lab? When the patient arrives at the doctor’s clinic, a simple fasting blood glucose test is performed. This measurement requires taking a small blood sample using a glucose device and find out the blood sugar levels. The glucose meter gently penetrates the skin of a finger to let a drop of blood pop out. The device immediately measures the glucose level in the blood. Many people are scared that they will feel pain when the glucose meter reaches for a blood sample, but they shouldn’t be worried. The process is painless, and it is over in less than one second. The second test involves drinking a sugary beverage which contains 50 or 75 grams of sugar. This quickly increases blood sugar levels and determines an insulin spike. The way the body handles this test is an important indicator of sugar levels in the bloodstream and how the body reacts. It is a more thorough and accurate test which offers better results. The glucose drink should be consumed quickly, and the patient needs to wait for approximately 2 hours before taking the test again. During this time, the patient is allowed to talk, read or listen to music. These are relaxing activities which let the body process sugar optimally. After 2 hours, a blood glucose test is performed again. This time, the sugar levels will be higher which is normal. However, if they are excessively high, this might indicate a predisposition to diabetes or a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes. After drinking the glucose beverage and waiting for 2 hours, normal glucose blood levels should be below 140 mg/dL. Levels between 140 mg/dL and 200 mg/dL indicate impaired glucose tolerance. Levels above 200 mg/dL indicate diabetes.   What to do after getting the results? Changes in lifestyle should be performed according to the test results. For example, if the fasting glucose levels as well as the ones after drinking a sugary beverage fall in the normal category then it means that the patient has a healthy lifestyle and he or she should continue it. If the glucose levels fall in the “impaired glucose tolerance” then the patient needs to make certain lifestyle changes to prevent getting diabetes at some point in the future. Some of these changes include: · Exercising more often · Giving up on sugary foods and drinks or at least reducing their intake – this includes candies, sweets, sodas and alcohol · Reducing stress levels – the patient might want to try yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, taking a vacation, etc If the tested glucose levels indicate diabetes, then the patient needs to work with his or her healthcare provider to find out appropriate treatment options. Certain diets might be prescribed which include foods that have a low glycemic index, so the blood sugar levels don’t rise too often. Certain foods and drinks should be eliminated from diets altogether such as sodas, chocolate, candies, ice cream, and white rice. It is possible to live with diabetes and even reverse it using special diets, but patients need to be disciplined and follow the advice given by the healthcare provider.   How to stabilize and reduce blood sugar levels Getting more exercise and eating healthier foods is a great way to normalize sugar in the bloodstream, but many people are still confused about what does this mean. It's important to take a closer look at the actual habits one can develop to prevent diabetes altogether and normalize sugar levels. Here are some important tips to remember:   Tip #1 – Get more fiber into your diet Fiber is seriously underrated. It basically consists of chunks of food which are not processed by the body, so they are eliminated as a whole. The good thing is that fiber gathers up plenty of toxins and unwanted substances from the gut and takes them out during the excretion process. People who have relatively solid stools (which is a good thing) eat a lot of fiber and enjoy healthier guts and a better lifestyle. Fiber also gives a great sensation of satiety, so one is less likely to overeat if he or she consumes a lot of fiber. Back in the days, humans relied mostly on foods taken from the ground or trees, so their fiber intake would amount to approximately 100 grams per day. Unfortunately, nowadays most people get around 15 grams of fiber per day or less. This is a bad thing because if the body doesn’t have enough fiber, stools become loose and hunger pangs appear throughout the day. Fiber also plays a vital role in metabolizing sugar, and it can be as effective as diabetes medication for certain people. Increasing the fiber intake might make patients give up on diabetes medication altogether. Fiber can be easily found in fruit, vegetables, seeds, whole grains, and complex carbs.   Tip #2 – Take a multivitamin supplement It is nearly impossible to take all the required vitamins and minerals from food only, and that’s why it is highly recommended for anyone to get a multivitamin supplement. Certain nutrient deficiencies such as a lack of vitamin D or a lack of chromium and magnesium can make the sugar levels imbalanced in the bloodstream. These vitamins and minerals are essential for key metabolic processes, and without them, one can become more predisposed to insulin resistance which can lead to diabetes type 2 in the future. Each health conscious person should make a habit of taking more vitamins such as getting a vitamin D supplement. Alpha-linoleic acid, a type of acid similar to omega-3 fatty acids, is also required to maintain normal blood sugar levels and it can be taken as a supplement.   Tip #3 – Eliminate foods which promote inflammation There are certain types of foods which can do more harm than good to the human body. Some of these foods include refined sugars and processed vegetable oils. The bad thing about these foods is that they promote inflammation by activating inflammatory genes. This activation can lead to chronic inflammation in the body which affects cells, tissues and organs. Chronic inflammation also leads to poor insulin sensitivity which translates to insulin resistance and diabetes type 2 at some point in the future. One should try to limit processed oils and refined sugars as much as possible to minimize the chances of having high sugar levels in the bloodstream.   Tip #4 – Find time to relax Stress is an important factor when it comes to insulin resistance. Most people live stressful lives when they have to juggle numerous responsibilities daily, meet deadlines or work under pressure. The human body is not ready to cope with high amounts of stress which basically consists of the hormone cortisol secreted by the adrenal glands in huge quantities. The key to manage stress is to make a habit to relax and take breaks from work every day. For example, one can do breathing exercises, go for a walk in the park, watch a movie, play a game, do yoga and even take a vacation. By reducing stress levels, one doesn't only live a happy and more productive life, but he or she also has fewer chances of developing insulin resistance.   Tip #5 – Work out more often A sedentary lifestyle is one of the worst habits one can have. Lack of exercise drastically increases the likelihood of developing insulin resistance at some point in the future. The human body performs at its best when it engages in physical exercises on a regular basis. This doesn’t mean that one should immediately go to the gym today, but make a conscious effort to move more often throughout the day. For example, taking a 20-minute stroll once in a while can have major positive benefits for health, improving the cardiovascular system and insulin sensitivity. Going for a run is also highly beneficial as well as practicing yoga or engaging in HIIT (high-intensity interval training). The point is to move the body a few minutes each day and slowly build up to a healthy habit of being more fitness-conscious. This can lead to a healthier lifestyle and a healthier mind.   What to do next? The next step is to order the 2H glucose tolerance test today and take action. This test is inexpensive and provides the perfect way to know more about your health with a minimal financial investment.   Buy a GTT test  

In this article, we will delve into an often overlooked but essential mineral - magnesium content. The body can't produce enough magnesium intake, meaning you must obtain it from your diet, such as green leafy vegetables, fruit, whole grains, cereals, legumes, and dairy products like breakfast cereals. Unfortunately, a large number of people in the United States are deficient in magnesium content for a long time due to poor dietary intake. In this blog, I will explore the reasons for this deficiency, its side effects, and the consequences of a lack of magnesium intake. Causes of Magnesium Deficiency First, let's look at what can induce a loss of magnesium. Chronic Stress The first factor is stress. Chronic, low-grade stress that's constantly present contributes to long-term magnesium suppression and deficiency. Diuretics Another common cause is diuretics, such as caffeine and alcohol. Regular consumption of these can contribute to a depression of magnesium storage in the body. Furthermore, blood pressure medications can also lead to a magnesium deficiency. Diet Lastly, a major common effect reducing magnesium levels in the US is diet, specifically a high intake of refined carbohydrates. These include breads, pastas, cereals, cakes, crackers, cookies and other processed foods with a lot of calories from carbs or sugars and very little nutritional value. These are the three major lifestyle areas in the US that induce a magnesium deficiency. Consequences of Low Magnesium Now let's explore the side effects of a deficiency in magnesium. Depression One of the first things that can happen is depression. Antidepressants are one of the top-selling drugs in America, and it's possible that magnesium deficiency contributes to some cases of depression. Vasoconstriction and High Blood Pressure Magnesium deficiency can cause vasoconstriction, which leads to high blood pressure. Interestingly, one treatment for high blood pressure is diuretics, which, as we've seen, can exacerbate magnesium deficiency. Bone Loss A lack of magnesium can lead to bone loss, contributing to conditions like osteoporosis or osteopenia. Often, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is prescribed for these conditions, which can further deplete the body of essential vitamins. Muscle Spasms Magnesium deficiency can also cause muscle spasms, which in turn can lead to muscle pain and the need for pain medication. Many of these medications deplete the body of other important nutrients. Increased Blood Thickness Another consequence is the thickening of the blood, which can lead to increased blood pressure, increasing the risk of stroke and heart disease. Elevated Cholesterol Levels Lastly, magnesium deficiency has been linked to an elevation in cholesterol. The most common treatment for high cholesterol is statin medication, which can create other forms of heart disease. Testing for Magnesium Deficiency If your diet is high in refined carbohydrates, if you frequently use diuretics, or if you are under chronic stress, it's wise to check your dietary magnesium levels, especially for older adults. I recommend an RBC Magnesium test, which can measure the amount of magnesium that's actually inside your cells, providing a much more accurate result. According to the National Institutes of Health, it is difficult to accurately measure the amount of magnesium in a person’s body. In the United States, doctors estimate a person’s dietary intake of magnesium to establish their magnesium status. People with certain health conditions and in certain situations are at an increased risk of low levels of magnesium, such as 30% to 80% of people with alcohol use disorder. Dangerously low levels of magnesium have the potential to cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias. For healthy adults, including older adults, the recommended daily intake of magnesium is 310 to 420 milligrams. If you have loose, frequent stools or irritable bowel syndrome, consider using magnesium glycinate — a specific salt of magnesium that tends to have fewer GI side effects. The typical dose of magnesium is 250 to 500 milligrams daily. Remember, magnesium is necessary for more than 18,000 functions in the human body. These are just a few of the potential consequences of a deficiency. So, ask your doctor for a spectra cell test, measure your magnesium levels, and make sure it's not something you need to supplement. The Magnesium RBC Test vs The Serum Magnesium Test When evaluating magnesium levels in the body, two of the most common tests used are the Magnesium RBC (Red Blood Cell) test and the Serum Magnesium test. These tests, while both useful, have some significant differences in terms of what they measure and how accurately they can reflect the body's level of magnesium. However, if you have symptoms of magnesium deficiency or abnormal calcium or potassium levels, your doctor may refer you for a blood test or a urine test to diagnose magnesium deficiency in healthy adults. Your health care provider will also perform a physical exam to assess your overall health and inquire about your symptoms. It's important for people to know the signs of magnesium deficiency symptoms and consult their doctor if they're worried about a deficiency. Fatigue, leg cramping or twitching, and unexplained muscle weakness are some of the day-to-day symptoms that can indicate low magnesium levels, including abdominal cramping. These symptoms can be very vague, so that's where blood work is needed to determine whether magnesium levels are actually low. BUY A MAGNESIUM RBC TEST What is the Serum Magnesium Test? The Serum Magnesium Test measures the amount of magnesium in the clear part of the blood, or the "serum." This test gives an overview of the total amount of magnesium present in the blood. However, only about 1% of the body's total magnesium is found in the blood serum, making this test less accurate in assessing the body's overall magnesium status. Limitations of the Serum Magnesium Test The main limitation of the Serum Magnesium Test is that it only measures the magnesium in the serum, not within cells. This is a significant drawback because the majority of magnesium in the body is intracellular, meaning it resides inside the cells. Therefore, a normal serum magnesium test result does not necessarily mean that the body's overall magnesium status is adequate in clinical practice. It's possible to have a normal serum magnesium level while being deficient in magnesium within your cells, a condition known as "cellular magnesium deficiency." In severe cases of cellular magnesium deficiency, cardiac arrest may occur, highlighting the critical role of intracellular magnesium levels in maintaining proper heart function. Additionally, magnesium is essential for various cellular processes, such as DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which further emphasizes the importance of intracellular magnesium levels for overall cellular function. Benefits of the Magnesium RBC Test This test is considered superior for assessing the body's magnesium status because it better reflects the amount of magnesium stored in the body. A low result on a Magnesium RBC test can indicate a magnesium deficiency, even if a Serum Magnesium test result is normal. Conclusion In conclusion, while both tests are used to measure magnesium levels, they each have their strengths and weaknesses. The Serum Magnesium Test is useful for identifying severe deficiencies or excesses of magnesium in the blood, but may not accurately reflect the overall magnesium status of the body. The Magnesium RBC Test is considered more accurate for evaluating the body's total magnesium status, especially in cases of cellular magnesium deficiency. It's always best to discuss with your healthcare provider which test may be most suitable for you based on your symptoms, lifestyle, and overall health status. Questions and Answers: What are symptoms of low magnesium? Some common symptoms of low magnesium levels in the body include muscle cramps, tremors, spasms, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, irregular heartbeat, and mood changes. In more severe cases, low magnesium levels can lead to muscle weakness, seizures, and abnormal heart rhythm. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or suspect that you may have low magnesium levels, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. How can I raise my magnesium quickly? To quickly raise your magnesium levels, you can try incorporating magnesium-rich foods into your diet. Foods such as leafy green vegetables, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and legumes are good sources of magnesium. You can also consider taking a magnesium supplement, but it's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplements. Additionally, Epsom salt baths or magnesium oil can be absorbed through the skin and help increase your magnesium levels. Remember that it's important to maintain a balanced diet and lifestyle overall to support optimal nutrient levels in your body. What are some of the causes of low magnesium? Low magnesium levels can be caused by several factors, including: - Inadequate dietary intake: Not consuming enough magnesium-rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, can lead to low magnesium levels. - Certain medical conditions: Conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease), diabetes, kidney disease, and alcoholism can interfere with the absorption or excretion of magnesium. - Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and certain antibiotics, can increase the risk of low magnesium levels. - Chronic stress: Prolonged stress and anxiety can deplete magnesium stores in the body. - Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can interfere with the absorption and utilization of magnesium. - Aging: As we age, our ability to absorb and retain magnesium may decrease. If you suspect that you have low magnesium levels or are experiencing symptoms related to magnesium deficiency (such as muscle cramps, fatigue, or irregular heartbeat), it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They may recommend dietary changes or supplementation to help normalize your magnesium levels. Is it possible to get enough magnesium from food? Yes, it is possible to get enough magnesium from food. Magnesium is found in a variety of foods, including leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, beans, and seafood. By incorporating these foods into your diet on a regular basis, you can help ensure that you are getting an adequate amount of magnesium. However, some individuals may have difficulty meeting their magnesium needs through diet alone, especially if they have certain medical conditions or dietary restrictions. In such cases, a healthcare professional may recommend magnesium supplements to help meet their needs. It's always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best approach for your individual situation. Who should not take magnesium? Magnesium is generally safe for most people when taken in appropriate doses. However, there are some individuals who should exercise caution or avoid taking magnesium supplements altogether. These include: 1. Individuals with kidney problems: If you have kidney disease or impaired kidney function, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking magnesium supplements, as they may not be well tolerated and could potentially worsen your condition. 2. Individuals with heart or gastrointestinal conditions: People with certain heart conditions, such as heart block or bradycardia (slow heartbeat), or gastrointestinal conditions, such as bowel obstructions or inflammatory bowel disease, should speak with their doctor before taking magnesium supplements. 3. Individuals taking certain medications: Magnesium can interact with certain medications, including antibiotics (such as tetracycline), diuretics, bisphosphonates (used to treat osteoporosis), and certain medications used to manage high blood pressure. It is important to check with your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications to ensure that there are no potential interactions. As always, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to determine if it is appropriate for your specific health needs and circumstances. What kind of magnesium is best? There are several different types of magnesium supplements available, and the best one for you will depend on your specific needs and health goals. Some popular forms of magnesium include magnesium citrate, magnesium glycinate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium malate. Magnesium citrate is often used for its laxative effects and can help relieve constipation. Magnesium glycinate is known for its high absorption rate and can be a good option for those with low magnesium levels or individuals who experience digestive issues with other forms of magnesium. Magnesium oxide is commonly found in over-the-counter antacids and may be used to relieve heartburn or acid reflux symptoms. Magnesium malate is often used to support energy production and muscle function. It's important to note that individual responses to different forms of magnesium can vary, so it may take some trial and error to find the form that works best for you. It's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. What diseases cause low magnesium? There are several diseases and conditions that can cause low magnesium levels in the body. Some examples include: - Gastrointestinal disorders: Conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease can interfere with the absorption of magnesium from the diet, leading to low levels. - Kidney disease: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining proper magnesium balance in the body. Chronic kidney disease or certain kidney disorders can impair magnesium excretion and lead to low levels. - Alcoholism: Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with magnesium absorption and increase urinary excretion, resulting in low levels. - Diabetes: Poorly controlled diabetes or high blood sugar levels can increase urinary excretion of magnesium and contribute to low levels. - Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can affect mineral metabolism, including magnesium, potentially leading to low levels. It is important to note that these are just some examples, and there may be other causes of low magnesium levels. If you suspect you have low magnesium or have any concerns about your health, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Footnotes Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status for diagnosis and therapy. Magnes Res. 2010 Dec;23(4):S194-8. DOI: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0213. Nielsen FH. Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease. Nutr Rev. 2010 Jun;68(6):333-40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00293.x. Coudray C, Rambeau M, Feillet-Coudray C, Gueux E, Tressol JC, Mazur A, Rayssiguier Y. Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach. Magnes Res. 2005 Dec;18(4):215-23.    

Are you aware of the most common heavy metals that can ruin your health? No, not “heavy metal,” the famous rock genre, but heavy metals represented primarily by arsenic, lead, and mercury. Heavy metal testing is necessary to determine the levels of metals such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury in the body. Lead poisoning and mercury poisoning, among others, are significant concerns in the US and worldwide. It is a well-known fact that these heavy metals don’t offer any health benefits and might contribute to the development of different types of cancers. Table of Contents How to test for heavy metals? What are heavy metals? Are heavy metals dangerous? Why should I test for heavy metals? What heavy metals are tested using a blood and urine sample? How are samples collected? Are there any risks involved? Who should test for heavy metals? What are the most common types of heavy metals? Arsenic Mercury Sources of mercury Mercury treatment and prevention options Lead Sources of lead: Lead poisoning symptoms The lead-crime connection hypothesis Lead treatment and prevention options Cadmium Sources of cadmium include: Cadmium poisoning symptoms Cadmium treatment and prevention options Heavy metals summary What to do next? Essential tips to know before screening for heavy metals Order the heavy metal blood and urine test today! How to test for heavy metals? Testing for heavy metals can be done in various ways, and the most important ones are blood and urine tests. Taking blood and urine samples helps healthcare providers determine the levels of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the body. Appropriate treatment options and dietary changes can be recommended to patients with high levels of heavy metals in the body to help them safely and progressively eliminate these unwanted substances. This article strives to inform readers about the adverse effects of heavy metals on the body. Keep reading to learn more about the symptoms of potential mercury poisoning, what foods contain high levels of arsenic, and how these metals can be excreted. What are heavy metals? Heavy metals occur naturally on earth and have high densities and atomic numbers. They have numerous applications and have been widely distributed worldwide in various formats. For example, batteries and metal alloys contain high levels of cadmium and mercury. Certain paints contain lead and other toxic elements. Pesticides, insecticides, and different types of glues also have heavy metals in their composition. Plastics and certain household items might contain arsenic and lead. Although the usage of heavy metals is carefully monitored nowadays, it is paramount to learn more about these dangerous substances and their potential effect on human health. Are heavy metals dangerous? If heavy metals accumulate in the human body in high quantities, they are dangerous and can develop different health conditions. For example: · Colds and flu · Chronic diarrhea · Anemia · Cardiovascular diseases · Respiratory illnesses · Neurodegenerative diseases This list is just a small sample of symptoms. Each heavy metal can trigger specific ailments and complications, depending on the organ it gets deposited in (such as the heart, kidney, liver, etc.). Why should I test for heavy metals? Heavy metals should be tested to assess their levels in the human body and undertake appropriate prevention/treatment options for eliminating them. These substances can be hazardous to human health, and they can create a lot of symptoms. Acute heavy metal poisoning can lead to impaired brain functioning, behavioral changes, and brain atrophy. In the worst cases, heavy metal poisoning can lead to life-threatening ailments. What heavy metals are tested using a blood and urine sample? The most common metals tested are arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium. Some metals, such as zinc, copper, chromium, and others, might be tested. How are samples collected? After ordering the heavy metal test, the patient receives an appointment at a nearby lab where a doctor can take blood samples. The healthcare provider will insert a small needle into an arm’s vein to collect blood for testing. The patient’s urine sample might also be required, collected into a 24-hour urine collection kit. The blood and urine samples are preserved in special containers to minimize exposure and contamination with other substances. Heavy metals can also be detected in hair and fingernails, although such testing procedures are rarer. Are there any risks involved? Minor bruising might occur when blood is collected from the arm, but it will pass in a couple of days, so testing for heavy metals is a risk-free experience. Who should test for heavy metals? Anyone who wants to measure his or her levels of heavy metals in the body qualifies for this test. The body can process a small number of heavy metals, but certain complications can occur when these substances are present in higher quantities in one's organism. Some people are more predisposed to heavy metal poisoning and are strongly encouraged to undertake this test. For example: · People who work in the construction industry · People who work in the mining industry · People who work in firing ranges or appliance repair shops · Factory workers who create metal alloys such as aluminum, bronze, and brass · People who handle batteries and paints regularly · People who live next to large industrial centers and waste disposal areas · People who live in very crowded cities What are the most common types of heavy metals? The list of heavy metals which can cause poisoning is broad. For example, cobalt, copper, barium, lithium, silver, zinc, and even gold poisoning are possible. However, arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium are the most widely distributed heavy metals. They are present in numerous household items and foods and usually produce the most health damage. Arsenic Arsenic divides into organic arsenic and inorganic arsenic. The United States is one of the largest consumers of arsenic worldwide. This heavy metal is usually excreted through urine and can be deposited in the spleen, liver, kidney, and lungs. Foods that contain arsenic Organic forms of arsenic include arsenobetaine, and these can be found in different types of foods such as: · Sardines · Oysters · Clams · Crabs and lobsters · Certain types of fish Trace amounts of arsenic can also be found in: · Beverages, including water · Rice · Vegetables · Fruit and fruit juices · Grains · Meat Inorganic arsenic can usually be found in the water extracted from wells. This heavy metal also gets in foods such as vegetables and fruit from contaminated soil. Medication containing arsenic was used to treat different types of skin conditions. The creams containing arsenic-caused skin cancer and were eliminated from pharmacies. Arsenic was also used to treat syphilis, but it was quickly replaced with powerful antibiotics, which are much safer. Arsenic poisoning symptoms When too much arsenic accumulates in the body, it causes different types of symptoms, including: · Seizures · Confusion · Headaches · Drowsiness · Fever · Diarrhea · Weakness · Muscle loss · Edema · Low blood pressure · Encephalopathy · Vomiting These symptoms usually appear approximately 2 to 8 weeks after exposure to high levels of arsenic. Other symptoms include abnormal darkening of the skin, white lines on nails, and inflammation of sensory nerves. Severe arsenic poisoning can lead to a burning sensation in the mouth, abdominal pain, muscle spasms, and hypotension. Occasionally, arsenic contamination can lead to jaundice-like symptoms such as yellowing eyes and skin. Arsenic poisoning treatment and prevention methods Before treating arsenic poisoning, it is necessary to gauge how much of this metal is present in the body. An arsenic blood or urine test is necessary; both tests can be ordered online. A healthcare provider interprets the results of the samples and determines if arsenic poisoning is a genuine concern for the patient. Remember that arsenic is excreted through urine, so most of it will be eliminated in a couple of days or weeks, depending on how much arsenic was present in the body in the first place. It has been discovered that selenium and vitamin E might help the body eliminate arsenic quicker, but more research is necessary. When it comes to prevention, there are several ways one can reduce his or her arsenic intake: · Consider water filtration systems. Buy a water cooler with an integrated reverse osmosis filter which can eliminate most arsenic and other heavy metals and impurities. · Consume seafood in moderation since most of it contains arsenic, particularly sardines · Get regular blood tests to measure arsenic levels and keep them under control · Consider soaking the rice for a couple of hours before cooking it, as this can eliminate most arsenic content · Chelation therapy might help Mercury Mercury poisoning can be another dangerous health problem as this heavy metal is present in multiple objects, tools, cosmetics, and applications people use daily. Mercury divides into metallic mercury, organic mercury, and inorganic mercury. It can be excreted through urine and feces, affecting the lung, skin, brain, and other vital organs. Sources of mercury Similar to arsenic, mercury can also be found in different types of seafood, such as: · Tilefish · Mackerel · Shrimp · Salmon Mercury can also get into the body from various other sources, such as: · Contaminated water · Contaminated air, particularly near power plants that burn mercury · Contaminated soil – mercury gets into the body through grains and vegetables Mercury poisoning symptoms Having too much mercury in the body can lead to multiple symptoms and health illnesses such as: · Constricted visual fields and even blindness · Joint problems · Mental fatigue · Nervousness and anxiety-like symptoms · Gastroenteritis · Muscle spasms · Insomnia · Weakness · Muscle loss Mercury can get into the body through vapors, creating a suite of respiratory problems such as: · Excessive coughing · Fever · Pneumonia This heavy metal tends to get deposited in red blood cells. Testing for mercury poisoning with a blood sample is the best way to discover if the mercury levels are dangerously elevated. Organic versions of mercury are particularly problematic as they can damage the central nervous system, causing mood swings, poor emotion control, and even mild personality changes in some patients. Mercury treatment and prevention options As mentioned earlier, mercury is excreted through urine and feces, and less than 1% can be eliminated through sweat. Getting rid of mercury isn’t a quick process. It can take approximately 6-12 months to eliminate 50% mercury content after a single exposure. However, there are some ways to excrete mercury faster. For example, one should increase his fiber intake to sustain two to three bowel movements per day. Another way of eliminating mercury from the body would be by increasing sulfur stores, which can be done using garlic. People might want to eat three or four cloves of garlic per day since the powerful anti-inflammatory properties of garlic help excrete mercury faster. It is best to use raw garlic instead of a garlic supplement. To prevent an unpleasant breath, it is possible to ingest the garlic without chewing it. Increasing the levels of antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C can be beneficial for eliminating mercury more quicker. Lead Lead poisoning is equally dangerous and can contribute to numerous health complications. This heavy metal is present in gasoline, medical equipment, paints, batteries, metal alloys, and more. Lead is primarily deposited in bones, affecting individuals directly, depending on their age and health levels. It is excreted through urine and feces but can also be found in breast milk, saliva, and sweat. Sources of lead: Although the presence of lead in household items has been drastically monitored and reduced, this metal can still be found in: · Air and soil · Potable water · Different types of paints · Old toys and furniture items · Jewelry · Cosmetics and particular medicines · Ceramics Lead poisoning symptoms When the level of lead in the body increases to an alarming value, certain symptoms can appear such as: · Stomach problems · Anemia · Sleep disturbances · Muscle weakness · Neuropathy · Lack of appetite · Constipation In severe cases, lead poisoning can cause death, mainly if the quantity ingested has been high. These symptoms usually appear after three weeks from the moment of exposure. More severe symptoms can include: · Slurred speech · Mental retardation · Poor cognitive function · Brain damage · Encephalopathy · Convulsions and seizures · Change in behavioral patterns The lead-crime connection hypothesis During the 1960s and 1970s, lead was added to the gasoline used by vehicles and ended up in the atmosphere. Kids growing up in these decades were more exposed to lead (inhaling it from the air). Since this metal is known for causing behavioral patterns changes, researchers believe it provoked a substantial increase in the crime rate. However, a significant decrease in crime rate occurred between 1994 and 2004, which might be attributed to a drastic reduction in lead exposure among children. This happened mainly because fuels were manufactured without pollutants such as lead since the 1980s, and their quantity in breathable air was heavily reduced. Lead treatment and prevention options A urine specimen is required to determine the lead levels in a person’s body. Depending on the results, doctors can recommend specific treatment options to eliminate lead content and prevent additional exposure. Here are a few helpful prevention tips: · Water filtration systems can purify tap water and eliminate most lead content as well as other pollutants · Keeping a clean and dust-free house · Inspecting painted surfaces and addressing paint deterioration immediately · Washing hands often Eliminating lead from the body is a natural process that happens over time. Adults successfully eliminate lead, but kids are more vulnerable to its dangerous effects. When lead levels exceed 5mcg/dL, chelation therapy might be recommended as a treatment method for children and adults alike. Cadmium Cadmium poisoning poses serious health problems as this metal gets deposited primarily in the kidneys. It can be available near mining sites and places where waste is incinerated. Tobacco leaves also extract cadmium from contaminated soil, which gets in cigarettes. Smokers have a high risk of accumulating a large quantity of cadmium and other harmful toxins in their bodies. Cadmium is often found in batteries, fertilizers, and plastics. Sources of cadmium include: · Air (as vapors) and water (available in soluble forms) · Vegetables and plants (extracted from contaminated soil) · Seafood such as sardines and shellfish · Potatoes · Rice · Cocoa · Soybeans · Peanuts · Sunflower seeds · Meats It is important to note here that cadmium is present in trace amounts in the foods above. However, one should get tested for cadmium exposure using a urine sample to determine the levels of this heavy metal in the body. Cadmium poisoning symptoms This heavy metal can affect numerous organs in the body, and it is the source of many health complications. Symptoms include: · Fatigue and dizziness · Headaches and nausea · Abdominal pain · Vomiting · Pulmonary edema (particularly in smokers) · Rapid heartbeat for no reason · Impaired sense of smell Serious cases of cadmium exposure can cause significant kidney and liver damage. Cadmium is eliminated slowly from the body, which might take years. Cadmium treatment and prevention options There are several ways one can limit exposure to cadmium. These include: · Give up smoking and won't be exposed to second-hand smoking · Eat a diet containing sufficient amounts of iron · Keep a clean and dust-free home and workplace Similar to lead poisoning, chelation therapy might also help eliminate cadmium from the body quicker, but exposure should be drastically limited before beginning treatment. Heavy metals summary 1. Heavy metals don’t bring any health benefits, and they can cause severe complications in both adults and children 2. The most common types of heavy metals which can get into the body are arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead 3. Heavy metals are present almost anywhere, including the atmosphere, water, soil, foods, and electronics people use every day 4. Heavy metal poisoning can lead to numerous symptoms such as headaches, nausea, abdominal pain, confusion, dizziness, brain impairment and so on 5. Most heavy metals tend to be excreted through urine and feces, and they are deposited in bones and organs such as kidney, liver, and heart 6. Testing for heavy metals can be done using blood and/or urine sample 7. The body slowly eliminates heavy metals, but this process can be improved using chelation therapy 8. Children and newborns are more vulnerable to the dangerous effects of heavy metals in comparison with adults 9. Certain parts of Asia, such as Bangladesh, are significantly more exposed to heavy metals due to air and soil contamination 10. Hair and fingernails can also be sources of elimination of heavy metals What to do next? The next step would be to order a heavy metal test which consists of a urine and blood specimen. These will be sent to a laboratory for analysis, and the results will be received by email in a couple of business days. A professional healthcare provider helps the patient interpret the results and can make recommendations based on these results. The goal is to increase awareness regarding heavy metals and help people take control of their health. Essential tips to know before screening for heavy metals 1. Most seafood contains a decent amount of heavy metals, including arsenic and mercury. It is advised not to eat sardines, shellfish, oysters, or other types of seafood for up to 48 hours before being tested. 2. Avoid red wine approximately 72 hours before the test since this drink can significantly influence your results. Order the heavy metal blood and urine test today! Especially if you usually have some of the symptoms mentioned above, it is paramount to take this test and assess the levels of heavy metals in your body. Order the heavy metals test today, and you’ll have more peace of mind.   FIND OUT IF YOU HAVE HEAVY METAL POISONING BY GETTING THESE TESTS: Click here  

Table of Contents Sleep Apnea and Testosterone Sleep Apnea and Cortisol Health Consequences of Sleep Apnea Sleep Apnea Solutions REFERENCES: Do you snore? Do you feel fatigued every day? Do you wake up frequently throughout the night? It may be that the shallow breathing or breaks in breathing caused by sleep apnea are the reason. There are different types of sleep apnea, one of which is obstructed sleep apnea (or OSA), which is when breathing is interrupted by a physical block to airflow. With OSA, snoring is common. Sleep Apnea and Testosterone What does apnea have to do with testosterone?  Everything!  Your precious shuteye is responsible for a host of all-important physiological functions, including rebuilding your testosterone and neurotransmitters, optimizing stress hormones, and mapping memory. Therefore, any condition, such as apnea that lowers the quality or quantity of sleep, is a physical and hormonal train wreck waiting to happen. Apnea is one of the nastiest sleep disorders because it is so disruptive.  After all, what could interfere with sleep more than having your airways and oxygen blocked off? Unfortunately, one study after another has rolled out showing how complex apnea is on the body, and hormones are no exception. One early study looked at just how severe the damage can be and found that apnea sufferers went from an average low testosterone test of 391ng/dL to a much closer-to-normal 487ng/dL after corrective surgery. [1] That's a jump of 25% in testosterone after their apnea was corrected!  However, a later study of guys in their 40's, showed an astonishing 68% difference between controls and males with apnea. [2] Regardless of the exact number, you get the idea:  apnea is devastating to your most precious hormone, testosterone. However, there is actually a logical explanation for the difference in the two numbers above:  the first number comes from a comparison after apnea correction and the second before correction.  Researchers have found that guys who have had apnea for a significant amount of time are often overweight, even obese. [3]    In other words, if you've built up a big spare tire during your sufferings with apnea, CPAP or other therapy cannot get you back to where you were before because your own body is fighting against itself. The researchers found that apnea subjects appeared more like aged subjects where LH (Luteinizing Hormone) cycles at night were increased, yet without a corresponding increase in testosterone as is experienced by younger males.  Young guys get a pulse of luteinizing hormone followed by one of testosterone and so on.  This cycle is dampened increasingly in males as they age, and apnea appears to accelerate this process. In other words, once you get your apnea corrected, you must take care to also lose any excess weight in order to re-optimize your testosterone as much as possible.  The good news is that just getting treated for apnea will give you a nice jump in testosterone, and then as you lose weight and control cortisol, you should increase it even further.  Studies have even verified this in obese men with a BMI of 32, which isn't what would even called obese, by the way.  When they lost weight, they regained their testosterone. [4] Sleep Apnea and Cortisol Similarly, apnea also leads to elevated cortisol level.  One study found that subjects had 50% percent higher cortisol before CPAP when compared to after. [6] This is truly nasty:  cortisol is not something you want to be elevated by even the smallest amount.  Higher cortisol elevations, especially in the middle age and beyond years, can lead to memory damage, lowered testosterone, increased fat mass, lower immunity, poor sleep and a host of other ills.   In the last ten years, researchers have uncovered the fact that most apnea is actually lifestyle-related and not simple genetics or aging. Health Consequences of Sleep Apnea Sleep apnea has been shown to increase the incidence of these health problems: Heart Disease. Blood Glucose Control and Diabetes. If you have diabetes, sleep apnea can make it more difficult to manage your diabetes. Increased blood viscosity due to high hematocrit: As you starve your body of oxygen at night with sleep apnea, the body compensates by producing more oxygen-carrying hemoglobin and red blood cells, which increases hematocrit and blood viscosity. This can cause heart disease, high blood pressure and require frequent blood donations if you are on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Note: TRT can worsen sleep apnea in some men [10] Memory Loss and Dementia Risks.  Heavy snoring and sleep apnoea may be linked to memory and thinking decline at an earlier age, according to a study published in the April 15, 2015, online issue of the journal Neurology. The research also suggests that treating the disorders with a breathing machine may delay the decline. “Abnormal breathing patterns during sleep such as heavy snoring and sleep apnea are common in the elderly, affecting about 52% of men and 26% of women,” said Ricardo Osorio, MD, at the NYU Langone Medical Center. Fatigue and daytime sleepiness. Depression. Irritability.   Sleep Apnea Solutions One interesting aspect of apnea research is that researchers are finding that there are many natural solutions that can often help apnea sufferers and sometimes even cure their apnea.  This is important for several reasons.  First of all, in some cases, it shows that there is a root cause of apnea, i.e., there is not some inherent genetic weakness causing this debilitating condition but rather some lifestyle change that can help significantly.  Secondly, the medical solutions for apnea are rather invasive:  surgery (somnoplasty and snoreplasties) and/or a cumbersome CPAP machine worn through the night.  Many of those with apnea would like to avoid such solutions and find something more natural. However, it should be noted that there is one other medical procedure, the Pillar procedure, that is significantly less invasive. This is performed by a dentist and involves tiny polyester implants in the soft palate of an apnea (or snoring) sufferer.  It is actually the vibration of the soft palate that can lead to snoring and often apnea, so this can be an easy fix in some cases since it is done with minimal anesthetics. WARNING:  It is critical to get your apnea treated.  One study looked at 380 participants with moderate or severe sleep apnea over a 14-year period and found that one-third of the patients died! [9] That's in comparison to 8 percent without apnea.  Those suffering from apnea or other sleep disorders should definitely consider green tea, as they get their condition under control. The oxidative stress from apnea typically affects memory and the ability to learn. Researchers have found that green tea, at least in animals, protects the brain from oxygen-deprived states that occur in apnea and related disorders. Green tea for the rats in this study actually protected their brains and memory from the ravages of apnea sleep loss. [4] Below is a summary of additional natural solutions that researchers have found for apnea:   Weight Loss. Research shows that mild apnea can often be significantly helped or even cured simply by losing those extra pounds.  One recent study found that almost two-thirds of study participants who dropped 23 pounds through diet and exercise were actually completely cured of their apnea. [2] Therefore, assuming your apnea isn't too severe, you may want to try simple weight loss first as a solution and, as a side benefit, you may have your testosterone significantly restored as well. In other words, dropping those pounds has the potential to boost your testosterone and cure your apnea at the same time.   If your apnea is severe, however, simple weight loss will not do the trick, and you will likely end up with a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) These masks can be testosterone and life and saver, literally.  There are also dental mouthpieces and surgery of the throat as options as well, but these are considered less effective in most cases. Your doctor can order a sleep study for you to get tested at a sleep lab or using a home-based system. There are also telemedicine services for sleep apnea. A study done in Portugal and published in 2017 found that after people used CPAP machines for six months, their red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count showed a significant decrease [11]   Treat Hypothyroidism. Apnea can result from hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid that will be unresponsive to standard treatments.  It is estimated that 2-3% of apnea sufferers fall into this category. [3]   Improve Sleep Position. Some practitioners have noticed that sleeping on the side can significantly help with apnea. Another solution is to sleep in a partial sitting position.  One study showed that half of all apnea sufferers could actually cure their condition by sleeping in this position! [5]   Avoid Alcohol at Night. If I got woken up a couple of hundred times during the night from lack of oxygen, I might want a few drinks, but researchers have found that this decidedly exacerbates apnea. [6]    Stop Smoking. Smoking makes apnea significantly worse because it inflames airway tissues and is associated with an increased incidence of this condition. [7]   Avoid Sitting for Long Periods. Sitting a lot during the day pools water and blood in the legs, and this aggregation of liquids then migrates to your neck region when you go to Sleep leading to apnea in many cases.  Keep moving throughout the day. [8] Download a step counter App to your phone, carry your phone in your pocket, and measure the total steps you take daily. If you’re sedentary, add 2,000 more daily steps so that you average at least 4,400 daily steps. While 2,000 steps equals one mile, it’s not necessary to walk it all at once. Instead, try to take extra steps over the course of each waking hour.   Monitor Your Oxygen Saturation. Use an oximeter connected to a Bluetooth enabled App to see how many times your blood oxygen level drops during your sleep cycle. Bluetooth Oximeter syncs the measurement readings to the free ViHealth app via Bluetooth automatically and securely. The app can store unlimited history data, which gives you a quick overview and helps you monitor your health.   As you can see, reversing sleep apnea can not only extend your life span but also its quality.  Giving your body the oxygen it needs will change your life!   REFERENCES:   1) Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6(11):3147-3157, Published Online: 29 Jun 2009, "Sleep Apnea is an Independent Correlate of Erectile and Sexual Dysfunction" 2) Consumer Reports on Health, Jul 2009, p. 10. 3) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Aug 1999, 160(2):732-735, "Screening for Hypothyroidism in Sleep Apnea" 4) Amer J of Respiratory and Critical Care Med, May 15 2008, Goza 5) Am Rev Respir Dis, 1986 Apr, 133(4):662-6, "The effects of posture on obstructive sleep apnea" 6) Amer J of Medicine, Aug 1981, 71(2):240-245, "Alcohol increases sleep apnea and oxygen desaturation in asymptomatic men" 7) SLEEP AND BREATHING, 5(4):167-172, "Higher Prevalence of Smoking in Patients Diagnosed as Having Obstructive Sleep Apnea" 8) Men's Health, May 2009, p. 33. 9) Sleep, 2008 Aug , ;31(8):1079-85, "Sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality: the Busselton Health Study" 10) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 88, Issue 8, 1 August 2003, Pages 3605–3613. “The Short-Term Effects of High-Dose Testosterone on Sleep, Breathing, and Function in Older Men” 11)  Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia (English Edition) Volume 23, Issue 2, March–April 2017, Pages 71-78. "Hematological evaluation in males with obstructive sleep apnea before and after positive airway pressure"