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It is suggested that you talk to your physician about the need for proper blood tests before and during testosterone. Read this first since it is the most common testosterone side effect: High hematocrit Problem Solution and Comments Acne/oily skin Caused by Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) effect on increased oil production · Accutane– a powerful prescription item - 40 mg/day for one week sometimes stops acne if started at the first sign or as directed by your doctor. Accutane is potentially highly liver toxic and can lower testosterone. Do not use unless as last resort. · Sporanox – Effective for some acne-like eruptions that are caused by fungi. Some doctors also prescribe antibiotics, like tetracycline, for acne with good results. . Minocycline . Shower with Nizoral shampoo· Anti-bacterial soaps - Use a scrubbing brush and wash twice a day, especially after sweating during a workout. · UV light or sunlight with moderation. . Zinc/copper supplements or zinc soaps may help some men with acne. . Other options: How to treat and prevent acne Hair loss Caused by DHT effect on hair follicles · Nizoral shampoo– Available by prescription and over-the-counter as a lower dose product. · Rogaine – Available over the counter · Propecia (finasteride) - Available by prescription. A few males experience decreased erections with finasteride. Do not use. Increased sex drive · A problem? Sex drive is part of quality-of-life. This is not necessarily a bad side effect. Enjoy it. Unresolved erectile function · ED Drugs– Available by prescription; enables robust erections. If you have sinus congestion or headaches/backaches take non-drowsy allergy medication and ibuprofen. ED drugs can be combined with alpha-blockers and/or nitric oxide precursor amino acids (arginine or citrulline) · Yohimbine (Yocon) - Available by prescription; increases sex organ sensitivity. Can increase heart rate and blood pressure · Muse - Available by prescription; pellet inserted into the urethra to produce an erection. Unpopular · Trimix – Available by prescription from compounding pharmacies. The best and cheapest formula for injection into the penis for lasting erections. · Caverject - Available by prescription. An injection into the penis that produces an erection that can last 1 to 2 hours. Be careful with injecting too much since it can produce dangerously ling erections that need to be treated in emergency rooms! Follow instructions from your urologist. · Papaverine – An older injectable medication, less expensive than Caverject. · Wellbutrin – Prescription at 300 to 450 mg/day; increases dopamine. · Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) – First dose is 2,000 IU, then 250-500 IU twice or three times a week. No protocol has been proven in controlled studies yet. Insomnia Usually, this is caused by dosages that are too high. Find the least amount that gives you a good result. · Sleeping medications – e.g. Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta, Restoril · Melatonin- 1 to 3 mg before bedtime. If you wake up groggy after 6 hours your dose should be lower. · Avoid working out too close to bedtime. · Limit caffeine, especially after 3 pm. · You may want to try a sleep formula with tryptophan, melatonin, and magnesium. Nutrients do not work as well as drugs, but they can help some people. Article: How to protect your circadian rhythm Sleep Apnea · Have your doctor prescribe a sleep study if you snore and wake up tired even after 7 hours of sleep. Some people may have to wear a C-PAP machine to breathe at night. Visit Home - SleepApnea.org for more information. There are also oral devices for those people who fail CPAP. Fatigue- When Testosterone Is Not Enough Testicular atrophy · Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)– One 2,000 unit injection per week for 2 weeks, followed by maintenance of 350-500 IU twice a week. For men who want to remain fertile while on TRT, 500 IU every other day has been studied. Watch this video on hCG and men Enhanced assertiveness or reactivity. · Make sure you are getting enough sleep. . Count until 10 and be aware of your interaction with others. · Decrease caffeine. · Meditation, mindfulness, yoga, breathe from your belly for a few minutes when overreacting. · The testosterone dosage may be too high. · Ask yourself: Do I need to always be right? . Vent extra energy at the gym, sex, and sharing with your buddies at www.excelmale.com High blood pressure: Can be caused by sodium retention, high hematocrit, being overweight, and other factors · Blood pressure medications - Elevated blood pressure may be transient or not. Try ACE or ARBs since they seem to have fewer sexual dysfunction related effects.  · Magnesium (600 mg/day); vitamin B6 (100 to 200 mg/day); may help reduce water retention. · Water - Drink extra water every day to help flush the kidneys. . Make sure you are doing cardio exercise at least 3 times a week for 30 min. Sweat and lower your salt intake since TRT increases sodium retention in some men. Gynecomastia- RARE in TRT (male breast development) Caused by overproduction of estrogen in the presence of low testosterone and high IGF-1 · Arimidex Inhibits estrogen production. Available by prescription. 0.5 mg/week max. Ensure that your estradiol is never under 20 pg/ml (by sensitive test) since it is needed for bone, skin, brain, lipids, libido, good lipids and hair health. Only 0.3-0.4% of testosterone is aromatized to estradiol. Current lab ranges were derived from men not on TRT. Most men on TRT do not need anastrozole. Be careful not to crash your estradiol. · Nolvadex (tamoxifen)– Competes with estrogen for receptors. Available by prescription, 10 to 20 mg/day. Use of Nolvadex during a steroid cycle may reduce the net anabolic effect, as it decreases the production of GH and IGF-1.  . Severe cases may require removal of the breast tissue by surgery. · DHT cream- Some people have obtained great results by rubbing a 10% DHT cream on their nipples. Not available in the US but some people order it online from Germany . Read about medications/foods to avoid if you have gynecomastia. . Those who do know to respond to the above, check other reasons Watch this video about estradiol in men Check your estradiol with the right sensitive test. To find out how long it takes testosterone replacement to potentially show benefits, read this article. For affordable blood tests in most cities in the U.S. (Prescription provided): DiscountedLabs.com We also highly recommend reading this and other articles from our friend Lee Myers from peaktestosterone.com : Testosterone Risks Metzger, DL, et al. Estrogen receptor blockade with tamoxifen diminishes growth hormone secretion in boys: evidence for a stimulatory role of endogenous estrogens during male adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1994) 79(2):513-518. [ii] el-Sheikh, MM, et al. The effect of Permixon (saw palmetto) on androgen receptors. J Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (1988) 67(5):397-399. [iii] Suzuki, K, et al. Endocrine environment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: prostate size and volume are correlated with serum estrogen concentration. Scand J Urol Nephrol (1995) 29:65-68. [iv] Gann, PH, et al. A prospective study of plasma hormone levels, nonhormonal factors, and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Prostate (1995) 26:40-49.   Buy testosterone tests on DiscountedLabs.com

The Top Boner Killers What Causes an Erection? The Role of Blood Flow An erection begins when the penile smooth muscle relaxes, enabling blood to fill the corpus cavernosum, two cylindrical “caverns” of spongy tissue running within the penis. Stage two of the erection process occurs with this infilling of the corpus cavernosum. The inflow of blood expands the spongy tissue, which begins to pinch off the emissary veins of the penis, decreasing outflow, and—voila!—the erection begins to build. Continue reading this article to find out what the top erection killers are and how to avoid them. For more details on how erections work, continue reading this article.   Why Can't I Maintain an Erection? Top Erection Killers It is estimated that some degree of erectile dysfunction (ED) affects half of all men over the age of 40 and that 150 million men worldwide suffer from ED. There are many reasons a man might not be able to maintain a healthy erection, many of which play into our daily habits and lifestyle choices. If you are having trouble getting or maintaining an erection, consider testing for ED, as an imbalance of hormones could be the root of the problem. Many things that have the potential to hurt our general and sexual health are culturally acceptable so they simply never cross our minds. Low Testosterone: Testosterone plays a critical role in our sexual health and can be directly linked to libido. Not only do lower levels of testosterone equal lower sex drive, but also it can lead to venous leakage. This condition is characterized by the inability to “pinch off” emissary veins that carry blood away from the penis. This results in blood leaking out of the corpus cavernosum as quickly as it can be filled, making a lasting erection impossible to maintain. If you are having erectile difficulties, a simple testosterone test is a great first step on the road to treatment. Loss of Morning Erections: Morning erections, or the lack thereof, can be a good way to begin troubleshooting if you have psychological erectile dysfunction. The idea is that if you can achieve an erection by any means, nighttime or otherwise, then your issue is probably more mental than physical. Morning erections oxygenate erectile tissue and fight off penile fibrosis, keeping the penis elastic and healthy. High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure often results in hardening arteries, constricting blood vessels, and damage to the thin membrane that lines our hearts and veins. This restricts the amount of blood your body can readily provide to your penis when it is “go time.” Not only can high blood pressure kill an erection, but it can lead to a host of other, much more immediate, medical complications, including heart attack and stroke. Any Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Almost anything hard on the heart and cardiovascular system is going to lead to erectile dysfunction. The reason is simple: erectile dysfunction is strongly related to endothelial dysfunction, where the delicate lining of your arteries becomes damaged and does not output nitric oxide as it should. This is the primary reason that lifestyle is so critical: exercise, weight management, and diet all powerfully affect how your body carries blood and oxygen to your organs. Cholesterol Management: High cholesterol has been linked to erectile dysfunction due to its direct correlation with elevated LDL or “bad cholesterol.” LDL carries cholesterol to the arteries, which, when oxidized, damages artery walls. Contrary to HDL, which aids the body in eliminating excess cholesterol, elevated levels of LDL can significantly impact your heart, cardiovascular system, and ultimately, your erectile health. Bike Seats: Many standard bike seats can damage the pudendal nerve that is connected to the penis. If you have done a lot of bike riding recently and have erectile dysfunction, this is something to consider. The solution can be as simple as changing out your bike seat. Bisphenol-A and Phthalates: Our modern environment is filled with toxins that have been proven to damage the reproductive and sexual functions of animals, and as primates, men are no exception. Bisphenol A and phthalates are chemical compounds used in the production of polycarbonate plastics that litter our world today. These chemicals are filled with endocrine disruptors and xenoestrogens that, over time, can severely impact one’s hormonal and sexual health. Prolactin: Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production in women; it serves no known normal function in men. However, high prolactin can decrease testosterone, lower libido, and cause sexual dysfunction. This is because high prolactin suppresses the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the production of testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Estradiol (E2): Estradiol is the primary form of estrogen during our reproductive years. In men receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), the body can sense increasing levels of testosterone and aromatizes 0.4% of it to estradiol to compensate. Very high and low E2 in relation to testosterone levels can sabotage TRT results, leading to diminished libido. Testing for ED will give you a good idea of what hormones you have an excess or lack of. Excess Weight: Being overweight can lead to a plethora of health complications, including heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and many more. Excess weight has also been proven to lower testosterone, increase estrogen, raise inflammation, and boost insulin levels. Together, these factors can significantly impact your sexual life. Smoking: Not just cigarette smoke, but any sort of burning inhalant is bound to damage your lungs and cardiovascular system. Smoke can also cause arteries to constrict and narrow, allowing less blood flow to the penis. Medications: Many, many medications will kill erections. Some lower testosterone. Some raise prolactin. Some have a sedating effect by raising serotonin levels. Some alter dopamine functions. The bottom line is that if you are on medication and having erectile difficulties, this is one of the first places that you should look. Depression: Depression is an acutely debilitating condition, not just mentally, but physically as well. Depression causes stress to the body, which, in turn, lowers testosterone. Depression also correlates with heart disease, as depressed individuals are less likely to be consistently physically active. Depression also elevates cortisol levels, which destroy neurons in the brain. All of these factors can lead to erectile dysfunction, which can often worsen depression. This bidirectional relationship reinforces the need to take care of one’s mind as well as body. Recreational Drugs: Many men do not realize that even something as relatively benign as marijuana use can affect their sex life. However, it has been proven to lower testosterone and damage the body’s cardiovascular system. Harder drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, or prescription painkillers, can have even more detrimental effects. They greatly increase one’s risk of developing heart disease, cause plaque buildup on artery walls, and severely reduce ejaculatory volume. In short, drugs age the body faster than normal, and that includes the penis. Consider carefully before indulging in your favorite recreational substances, as they can destroy gonad function, lower testosterone levels, and potentially lead to heart failure. Lack of Sleep: Not getting enough sleep at night can significantly lower testosterone levels, leading to erectile dysfunction. Ensure you get quality sleep to maintain sexual health. Watching TV in Bed: Spending too much time watching TV in bed can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which negatively affects erectile function. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining sexual health. Watching Comedy Series: Engaging in light-hearted activities like watching a comedy series can reduce stress and improve overall well-being, which is beneficial for sexual health. Does More Testosterone Equal a Better Sex Life? As we’ve discussed, testosterone plays a critical role in stimulating sex drive and developing and maintaining erections. Low levels of testosterone have been directly linked to health conditions and dulled libido. However, this is not indicative of a simple “more is more” relationship between T and sexual health. Testosterone is a hormone that must be balanced properly, as an influx of it signals your body to increase the production of estradiol and prolactin. Watching too much TV, especially in bed, can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which negatively impacts testosterone levels and erectile function. Make sure to closely monitor your T levels with a. To achieve ideal results, it is important to keep testosterone levels between 500 and 1000 ng/dL while ensuring your levels of estradiol and prolactin do not proportionately increase. It is not uncommon for certain prescription medications to interfere with TRT as well. Many antidepressants, blood pressure medications, and cholesterol-lowering agents have been known to dampen sex drive, even with the use of testosterone replacement. Finally (and most importantly), make sure you are attracted to the person you are intimate with. Lack of attraction to our sexual partners can be the biggest hurdle in achieving a strong erection. All the testosterone and lifestyle changes in the world won’t result in an erection if you simply don’t want to have sex with someone. Porn addiction has also been linked to ED, as it desensitizes us to nudity and intercourse. While there are many physical contributors to ED, there are unquestionably psychological elements as well. So before testing for erectile dysfunction, make sure that you are taking care of your body and mind while properly balancing the hormones your body needs for sexual activity. References   4 Causes of Erectile Dysfunction You Might Not Know 7 Factors That Can Affect Erections The Top Erection Killers Erectile Dysfunction Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction) Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence) Erectile Dysfunction 5 Common Erectile Dysfunction Causes Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms and Causes Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms and Causes Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment Medications Most Commonly Associated With Erectile Dysfunction: Evaluation of the Food and Drug Administration National Pharmacovigilance Database Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications 5 Factors That Cause or Worsen Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Which Drug for Erectile Dysfunction? Drugs Linked to Erectile Dysfunction Erection Problems (Erectile Dysfunction)    

Table of Contents Testosterone Fractions in Men How SHBG Influences Free Testosterone What Factors Influence Your SHBG Levels? How Do You Know if Your SHBG Levels Are High? How to Lower SHBG and Automatically Increase Free Testosterone Levels? Raise Your Total Testosterone Level Lower Your Estradiol Levels DHEA Supplements Might Help What if My SHBG Levels Are Already Low? Now You Know More About SHBG and the Role It Plays in Your Body!   When people hear about testosterone, they immediately think about muscles, alpha males, confidence, and probably sports cars. This is the most important male sex hormone and one of the most important hormones in the human body. However, this hormone has several fractions. It is influenced by your lifestyle and it can influence how you think and how you feel. For example, too much sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) can decrease free testosterone which can lead to low libido and other symptoms.  That is why some men search for ways to decrease SHBG levels. If you are interested in testosterone fractions and how to naturally increase this sex hormone in your body then keep reading. You will find out more about the bioavailability of testosterone and why it plays a vital role in your health. You will also find out how to decrease SHBG levels. Testosterone Fractions in Men If you do a testosterone test, your doctor will mention your average levels. For example, the generally accepted healthy levels of testosterone for men are between 350 ng/dl and 1,100 ng/dl. If you have a total testosterone level under 350 ng/dL, you might be diagnosed with hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency). However, this is the total testosterone level in your bloodstream. This hormone is made up of several fractions and they are important too. For example, there are bound testosterone (bound) and free testosterone (non-bound) levels that circulate through your blood. Total testosterone is made up of these two types of testosterone. Free testosterone makes up for about 2% of your total testosterone levels. This is the one that goes to your muscles, brain, and influences other organs and tissues in your body. The bound testosterone usually attaches to two substances - albumin or SHBG. The amount of testosterone that is bound to albumin is about a third of your total testosterone. The amount of testosterone that is bound to SHBG is approximately two-thirds of your total testosterone. Albumin is a protein and it carries your testosterone through the bloodstream and releases it as it is needed. You often hear the term "bioavailable testosterone". This refers to the amount of testosterone that can be used by your body. Luckily, testosterone bound to albumin can detach if necessary and get used as free testosterone. The one bound to SHBG cannot do that. In this case, the bioavailable testosterone in your body is the sum of free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone. How SHBG Influences Free Testosterone It's a well-known fact that the levels of albumin in your blood are generally stable. This protein doesn't have massive spikes in quantity for a male adult. On the other hand, SHBG levels can increase and decrease based on various factors. Most importantly, the levels of SHBG influence how much free testosterone you have in your blood. High levels of SHBG are usually associated with low levels of free testosterone. Less testosterone is available for muscles, the brain, and organs. The vice-versa is also true. Lower levels of SHBG are associated with higher levels of free testosterone. This can positively influence your mood and libido. What Factors Influence Your SHBG Levels? Multiple types of factors influence how much SHBG there is in your bloodstream. Aging is one of the most important factors.  As men age, their SHBG levels will naturally go up while the free testosterone levels will go down. However, you can do something about the other factors. For example, liver problems can increase SHBG levels in men of all ages. If you have a fatty liver due to chronic alcohol consumption or other reasons, chances are that your SHBG levels are also higher than normal. This is true for other liver problems such as cirrhosis or cancer. Thyroid problems can also increase SHBG levels. If your thyroid gland is less active or hyperactive, you might start to feel the symptoms of this health issue. Too much estradiol in your body is also responsible for increasing SHBG levels. Obesity and high triglyceride levels are commonly associated with an increase in SHBG levels in the blood. If you are overweight and your lipid profile is not very good, chances are that your overall testosterone levels might drop. Finally, inflammation is another factor that could increase SHBG levels and decrease free testosterone ones. Acute inflammation is good for the body to help you fight diseases. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, can lead to life-threatening issues and raise your SHBG levels. How Do You Know if Your SHBG Levels Are High? A simple blood test provides the best opportunity to test your testosterone levels accurately. Medical technology got very advanced, and it's possible to find out exactly how much testosterone is flowing through your blood quickly and safely. However, remember that most tests will communicate your total testosterone levels. You should dig a little bit deeper and find out the exact SHBG and free testosterone levels. These are the ones that interest you the most in this case. If the percent of total testosterone that is free testosterone is below 2 percent, then you may have high SHBG. For example, the optimal SHBG levels in adult males are between 10 and 60 nmol/L. If you have more than that, chances are that your free testosterone levels are also smaller than normal. Ask your doctor for assistance if you cannot figure out the SHBG levels independently. Discounted Labs sells several tests, including the SHBG test as part of lab test panels.   How to Lower SHBG and Automatically Increase Free Testosterone Levels? Now that you have learned more about SHBG and how it can influence your body, the next obvious question is to find out a way to decrease SHBG levels. You cannot stop the aging process, but you can do something about the other factors that influence SHBG. Raise Your Total Testosterone Level This is the simplest and often the best method to reduce SHBG and increase free testosterone. If your testosterone levels are low, do something to increase them. For example, you can lose weight, start exercising more often and clean your diet of junk food and processed meals. This will automatically increase your total testosterone level. A fraction of this level is free testosterone, but it's a fraction of something larger than before, so you'll definitely experience its positive effects. Lower Your Estradiol Levels Another way you can reduce your SHBG levels is by lowering the number of estrogens in your body. Estrogens are the maprimaryemale sex hormones but are also needed by the male body. One of the most important estrogens is estradiol. Men have small amounts of estradiol too, but too much can lead to high SHBG levels and even gynecomastia if low testosterone is present. Lowering estrogen levels is possible for men of all ages. For example, you should avoid soy-based products as these have the tendency to increase your blood estrogen levels. At the same time, try to minimize alcohol consumption, exercise more, lose weight if you are overweight, and get plenty of sleep. DHEA Supplements Might Help DHEA or dehydroepiandrosterone, is one of the most abundant steroids in the human body. It's a weak estrogen and androgen hormone. It serves many purposes in the body and it can be sold as a supplement. Some studies show that small doses of DHEA administered to men might decrease SHBG levels. However, more research is needed as increasing the levels of DHEA in the body can have serious side effects in the long run. For example, high levels of DHEA are commonly associated with Parkinson's Disease. This complex neurodegenerative disease can lead to memory loss and poor brain function. If you decide to take DHEA supplements, make sure that you speak with your doctor first. Remember that these solutions might work for people with SHBG levels higher than normal. If your SHBG level is low, you should not worry about lowering it further. What if My SHBG Levels Are Already Low? In this case, your free testosterone levels are optimal and you don't have to do anything to increase them. However, more SHBG is needed too. This could signify an underlying health condition that must be explored further. For example, if you have low SHBG in your bloodstream, you might have a fatty liver or metabolic syndrome. This condition can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption or other factors. A liver problem is usually associated with insulin resistance too. Generally speaking, low SHBG levels are good predictors of diabetes in people of all ages. You must do a blood glucose and a A1c test to see how glucose is processed in your body. If you're pre-diabetic, you can still do something to increase insulin sensitivity and avoid this chronic condition. Now You Know More About SHBG and the Role It Plays in Your Body! Although deciphering the mysteries of testosterone and SHBG is not easy, major medical advancements are made each day. As you can see, too little SHBG is bad, but too much of it is not good either. Patients must aim for an optimal level of SHBG and monitor it closely using a SHBG blood test.    

Pregnenolone for Men: An Overview of this Neurosteroid and Men’s Health Pregnenolone is a steroid hormone and natural steroid in the human body and has recently been in the spotlight in medical research, especially when it comes to men’s health. Low pregnenolone levels can cause muscle loss in aging men. This article will look into different studies that are looking into the role of pregnenolone, including the administration of pregnenolone for brain function, hormone balance, and how it can be used to treat schizophrenia. By looking into research papers, we will give you an overview of how pregnenolone affects men’s health. What is the neurosteroid pregnenolone? You could say pregnenolone is the “father” of all hormones! Your body makes hormones from cholesterol, the sterol lipid molecule made in our liver. But your body has to go through a process to make hormones like testosterone, estrogen, DHT, and so on. First it has to convert the cholesterol into pregnenolone, the mother of all hormones. From there it can make progesterone (where cortisol comes from) and DHEA (which is needed to make testosterone). This process is important because pregnenolone is a precursor to testicular steroid hormones, including testosterone, which are important for reproductive health and male sexual function. The synthesis of testicular steroid hormones happens in the mitochondria, where pregnenolone is produced and then converted into testosterone and other hormones. This process is important for overall hormonal balance and has big implications for reproductive health. But that first step (converting cholesterol into pregnenolone) is the most important step. Pregnenolone is the precursor to all these other hormones, as you can see in the chart below: In a young adult male, pregnenolone levels are at their peak. But as you age, the levels of this precursor hormone drop and the body’s response to it. At 75 years old, our body produces only 40% of the pregnenolone it needs. That’s a big drop in the precursor hormone, which means a big drop in all the hormones derived from pregnenolone. Before we get into the studies, let’s first understand what pregnenolone is and its basics. Pregnenolone is often referred to as a neurosteroid; it’s a precursor to many other steroids, including testosterone. It’s produced in the adrenal glands, brain, and gonads. This neurosteroid plays a big role in synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and mood regulation. Definition and Biochemical Profile of Pregnenolone Pregnenolone is a naturally occurring steroid hormone in the human body produced primarily in the adrenal glands, brain, and gonads. It’s produced from cholesterol through the action of the enzyme cholesterol desmolase. This process converts cholesterol into pregnenolone, which then becomes a precursor to many other steroid hormones. Pregnenolone is lipophilic, meaning it can easily cross cell membranes, including the blood-brain barrier, so it can exert its effects all over the body. Its biochemical profile is characterized by its ability to be converted into other steroid hormones such as testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This versatility is the reason why it’s important for many physiological functions. Role of Pregnenolone in the Body Pregnenolone plays a big role in many physiological processes, including stress response, mood regulation, and immune system modulation. As a precursor to other steroid hormones like testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol, pregnenolone is important for overall hormonal balance. As a neurosteroid, it’s especially important for cognitive health. Research has shown that pregnenolone can improve memory, protect against neural degeneration, and potentially improve focus and mental clarity. Pregnenolone also supports overall hormonal balance, which is important for overall health and well-being. By being a precursor to other steroid hormones, pregnenolone regulates many bodily functions, from stress response to reproductive health. Pregnenolone for Men: Supplementation Routes and Doses Pregnenolone can be administered orally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intranasally, topically, or transdermally. Oral pregnenolone has high metabolism and low bioavailability. It’s lipophilic and can cross the blood-brain barrier. There is very limited data on the pharmacokinetics of exogenous pregnenolone. When taken orally, allopregnanolone breaks down pregnenolone faster than other hormones made from pregnenolone substrates like cortisol or DHEA. One study showed that 3 hours after oral intake of 400 mg of pregnenolone, pregnenolone serum levels increased by 60%. 2 hours after that, allopregnanolone serum levels tripled. Another study showed that a single oral dose of 175 mg of pregnenolone doubled pregnenolone serum levels for 4-8 hours. One study by Marx et al. (2009) looked at the effects of exogenous pregnenolone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Participants were given 8 weeks of oral pregnenolone with an escalating fixed dose, 500 mg for the last 4 weeks. Pregnenolone and downstream metabolites were measured in the serum. Pregnenolone sulfate was 3x higher, allopregnanolone was 5x higher and serum pregnenolone was 4x higher when taken orally. Oral pregnenolone also increased progesterone in the blood by 4x and DHEAS by 16%. Exogenous pregnenolone did not increase serum testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol, DHEA, estradiol, or androstenedione. Pregnenolone and Allopregnanolone in Anxiety: Pregnenolone is a hormone in the human body and is the precursor to allopregnanolone. This is important because allopregnanolone regulates mood and emotional states through the central nervous system and the body’s stress response. Higher levels of allopregnanolone have been linked to reduced anxiety symptoms. This anxiolytic effect shows the hormone’s impact on mental health. Blocking or inhibiting allopregnanolone can have negative effects on social and affective functioning. So if allopregnanolone production or activity is slowed down, it can make it harder to interact with others and control your emotions. This is how important the hormone is for mental health and social well-being. Have you ever wondered how your brain handles emotions, especially during stress or anxiety? This has been a question for scientists for a long time. A recent study looked into the role of a neurosteroid called allopregnanolone in emotional regulation. This is a calming substance and has been linked to anxiety reduction. But how it affects our brain’s emotional control circuits has been a mystery until now. To better understand allopregnanolone’s role, researchers did an innovative experiment. They gave 400 mg of pregnenolone (a precursor to allopregnanolone) to 16 participants and a placebo to 15 others. The participants then did a brain scan (3T fMRI) while doing the Shifted-Attention Emotion Appraisal Task (SEAT). This task is designed to measure emotional processing and regulation. The results were interesting. Compared to the placebo group, the allopregnanolone group had reduced activity in two brain regions: the amygdala and the insula. These areas are responsible for generating negative emotions like fear and anxiety. Allopregnanolone made the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex work harder during the emotion judgment part of the task. This is the part of the brain that controls emotions. It also increased the connection between the amygdala and this region. This was correlated with lower self-reported anxiety in the participants. Pregnenolone in Schizophrenia Treatment Several studies have looked into the use of pregnenolone in schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by cognitive and mood disturbances. For example, Marx et al. (2014) did a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of pregnenolone in schizophrenia. They found some improvement in cognitive functions and symptom reduction. Marx et al. (2009) also looked into the effects of pregnenolone on cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. This proof-of-concept study confirmed the potential of pregnenolone in improving cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. Ritsner (2010) gives a broader view of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and their changes in schizophrenia. This study tells us a lot about the hormone changes in men with schizophrenia so the potential therapeutic role of pregnenolone is even clearer. Cognitive Function and Mood Enhancements Beyond schizophrenia, pregnenolone’s role in general cognitive health and mood improvement has been looked into, especially in relation to promoting deep sleep. Osuji et al. (2010) studied the effects of pregnenolone on cognition and mood in dual-diagnosis patients. Their study suggested the potential of pregnenolone to improve cognitive function and mood but only in a specific patient group. Hormonal Effects in Men The hormonal effects of pregnenolone, especially on testosterone and total testosterone, have been studied. Pregnenolone is converted into testosterone in the testes and changes in pregnenolone levels can affect overall reproductive health and male sexual function. In 2023, Bracci et al. looked into the changes in pregnenolone and testosterone in male shift workers. This study showed how work schedules can affect hormonal balance. Their results showed the importance of pregnenolone in maintaining hormonal balance for sexual health. Pregnenolone in Age-Related Hormonal Changes Morley (2013) reviewed the role of pregnenolone in age-related hormonal changes, specifically on rejuvenation and vitality. His overview of hormone treatments for rejuvenation mentions the importance of pregnenolone in maintaining hormonal balance as men age. Pregnenolone’s role in synaptic plasticity Synaptic plasticity is a term in neuroscience, the study of the brain and nervous system. To understand it, think of your brain as a network of roads, where each road is a connection between brain cells (neurons). These roads are called synapses. Think of these roads as changeable. Some can become wider or more used, making the travel (or communication) between brain cells faster and stronger. Others can become less used or even disappear. This changing nature of the roads (synapses) is what we call synaptic plasticity. This is like learning and memory in the brain. When you learn something new or remember something, the roads in your brain adjust. Some connections become stronger because you use them more (like practicing a skill), and others weaken because you use them less. So, synaptic plasticity is the brain’s ability to rewire itself based on experiences, learning, and memory. It’s why we can learn new things and remember them. This flexibility is important for our brain’s growth and adaptation throughout our lives. Smith et al. (2014) reviewed the role of pregnenolone in synaptic plasticity. Their study showed the role of neurosteroids in modulating synaptic plasticity, which has implications for cognitive functions and mental health. One of the important findings of Dr. Smith’s team was that pregnenolone helps brain cells communicate, especially in ways that are important for learning and remembering things. This communication happens through something called the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), which is like a tiny receiver on brain cells that helps them talk to each other. These scientists found that pregnenolone can move these NMDARs to where they’re needed on the brain cell surface. It does this with the help of calcium ions (tiny particles) and G-protein-coupled receptors. Also, pregnenolone can increase the levels of calcium inside brain cells, which is really important for strengthening brain cell connections. This strengthening is what helps us learn and remember things. Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Anabolics Decrease Upstream Hormones like Pregnenolone To fully understand pregnenolone’s effects, we also need to understand its relationship with testosterone and other steroid precursors. In 1985, Ruokonen et al. studied how serum testosterone and its precursor steroids responded to anabolic steroids and testosterone administration. This study gave us a basic idea of how pregnenolone works with other hormones. High doses of testosterone and anabolic steroids were used for 26 weeks by power athletes and then stopped for 16 weeks. During the 26 weeks of steroid use, SHBG and CBG in their blood changed. After 16 weeks of follow-up, serum testosterone and androstenedione increased (P < 0.05), but pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone decreased (P < 0.001). Pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the blood and free steroids changed, but 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, and testosterone sulfate remained the same during follow-up. During drug use, SHBG decreased by 80-90% and remained low for 16 weeks after steroid withdrawal. Steroids had no effect on serum CBG. In summary, taking testosterone and anabolic steroids by themselves messed up the testicular endocrine system. Low levels of testosterone precursors, a high ratio of testosterone to its precursor steroids and low SHBG were the indicators of this. Low levels of SHBG and testicular steroids were still present during the 16 weeks after drug withdrawal. If dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate are low in the blood, it means anabolic androgenic steroids also stop the adrenal glands from producing androgens. Pregnenolone Side Effects Now, as with any hormone, there are downsides to pregnenolone supplementation. Not everyone will experience side effects but most users report one or more of the following: Bloating—Many pregnenolone users have reported feeling bloated and puffy with regular use even when taken with DHEA or other steroid hormones. This may be because pregnenolone increases the production of ALL sex hormones, including estradiol (the precursor to estrogen). An increase in estrogen can cause water retention and bloating. High Estrogen Levels—As mentioned above, pregnenolone is converted into all sorts of sex hormones, including various forms of estradiol. This increase in estradiol can raise your estrogen levels. Weird Dreams—Many people taking pregnenolone have reported weird dreams after taking the supplement. While pregnenolone can reduce anxiety and stress (as above), it can make your brain overactive when you sleep and may cause weird dreams. Other Side Effects -- According to WebMD, "There isn't enough information to know if pregnenolone is safe when taken by mouth." However, it can cause effects similar to other steroid hormones: arrhythmia, hair loss, facial hair growth, headaches, mood changes, acne, anger, anxiety, irritability, and insomnia. For those with hormone-sensitive conditions (breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer, endometriosis), the hormone may exacerbate health problems since pregnenolone increases estrogen production. But the truth is, these side effects are really minimal. Pregnenolone is generally a safe supplement with limited side effects. Just be aware of what you're getting into when taking pregnenolone. Pregnenolone Safety and Side Effects Pregnenolone is generally safe but be aware of the side effects, especially with high doses or long-term use. Common side effects may include headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Consult with a healthcare provider before taking pregnenolone, especially if you're taking other medications or have underlying health conditions. Pregnenolone can interact with certain medications like hormone replacement therapy, blood thinners, or immune system modulators, which may alter their effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. Getting proper medical guidance can minimize these risks and ensure safe and effective use of pregnenolone. How Much Pregnenolone Do You Need? If you're taking it to increase natural hormone production, you need to know HOW MUCH to take. You don't want to overdo it and end up with side effects! According to the Quest Diagnostics Manual: Men: 10 to 200 ng/dL Women: 10 to 230 ng/dL Children: 10 to 48 ng/dL Adolescent boys: 10 to 50 ng/dL Adolescent girls: 15 to 84 ng/dL Mean levels of pregnenolone don't differ significantly in postmenopausal women and elderly men (40 and 39 ng/dL, respectively). The typical dose of pregnenolone is 50 to 200 mg per day taken first thing in the morning. The pills are to be taken on an empty stomach or you can use a cream (transdermal application). But you may want to consult with your endocrinologist for professional medical advice before taking any pregnenolone. They may recommend a higher or lower dose depending on your pregnenolone levels or may advise against it, especially if you have underlying health conditions like cardiovascular diseases. Get a recommendation from a medical professional before taking any supplement, especially hormones like pregnenolone. BUY PREGNENOLONE TEST Questions About Pregnenolone for Men Does pregnenolone increase testosterone? Pregnenolone is a hormone that's a precursor to other hormones, including testosterone. While pregnenolone itself doesn't increase testosterone levels, it can play a role in the body's production of testosterone and other hormones. The effect of pregnenolone on testosterone levels may vary from person to person and depends on individual hormonal balance, overall health, and dosage. Consult with a healthcare provider or endocrinologist for personalized advice on hormone levels and supplementation. Does pregnenolone work for erectile dysfunction? Pregnenolone is a hormone that's being used as a supplement for various health conditions but has not been scientifically proven to treat erectile dysfunction. If you have erectile dysfunction, consult with a healthcare provider or a doctor who can give you options based on your individual health and situation. How does pregnenolone compare to other supplements men use for hormonal balance? Pregnenolone is a hormone that's a precursor to other hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. When it comes to hormonal balance in men, pregnenolone has a unique role compared to other supplements used for this purpose. While supplements such as DHEA and testosterone boosters target specific hormones, pregnenolone serves as a building block for various other hormones in the body. This means pregnenolone can support overall hormonal balance by providing the raw material for hormone production. Consult with a healthcare provider before adding any new supplement to your regimen, especially when it comes to hormonal health. Where to buy Pregnenolone for Men? Pregnenolone for men can be found at health food stores, pharmacies, online supplement retailers, and some medical or wellness clinics. Make sure to buy from a reputable source to ensure quality and efficacy. Before starting any new supplement regimen, consult with a healthcare provider to determine the right dosage and if it's safe for your health needs. Buying Guide: What to Look For When choosing a pregnenolone supplement, consider the following factors to get a high-quality product. Look for supplements from reputable companies that have third-party testing for purity and potency. Check the dosage to match your individual needs and health goals. Also check the manufacturing standards of the product and opt for GMP. Consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications. This will help you choose the right supplement and dosage for your needs. Research on pregnenolone shows its many roles in men's health, especially in cognitive function, mood regulation, and hormonal balance. While it shows promise in treating schizophrenia and improving cognitive and mood functions, more research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential and long-term effects. Buy your own pregnenolone test here. References Marx, Christine E. et al. “Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial of Pregnenolone in Schizophrenia.” Psychopharmacology 231.17 (2014): 3647–3662. Bracci, Massimo et al. “Alterations in Pregnenolone and Testosterone Levels in Male Shift Workers.” International journal of environmental research and public health 20.4 (2023): 3195-. MARX, Christine E et al. “Proof-of-Concept Trial with the Neurosteroid Pregnenolone Targeting Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.” Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.) 34.8 (2009): 1885–1903. Osuji, I. Julian et al. “Pregnenolone for Cognition and Mood in Dual Diagnosis Patients.” Psychiatry research 178.2 (2010): 309–312. Ritsner, Michael S. “Pregnenolone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, and Schizophrenia: Alterations and Clinical Trials.” CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 16.1 (2010): 32–44. Morley, John E. “Scientific Overview of Hormone Treatment Used for Rejuvenation.” Fertility and sterility 99.7 (2013): 1807–1813. Smith, Conor C., Terrell T. Gibbs, and David H. Farb. “Pregnenolone Sulfate as a Modulator of Synaptic Plasticity.” Psychopharmacology 231.17 (2014): 3537–3556.

Vitamin D and testosterone are two of the most important factors in our health but are often overlooked. This post will dive into the complex relationship between vitamin D and testosterone, looking at how deficiency affects our health and the results of The Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial on hormonal balance through a randomized controlled trial. We’ll look at several studies that have investigated the correlation between 25(OH)D deficiency and sex hormones. And we’ll see how vitamin D supplementation can affect hormonal balance by looking at the results of The Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial. We’ll also look at how much testosterone the testicular tissue can produce with different amounts of vitamin D and how blood levels of testosterone and vitamin D are related. And we’ll touch on symptoms of low testosterone and why it’s important to understand your Vitamin D status & hormonal balance for optimal health. Introduction and Background on Vitamin D and Testosterone Vitamin D and testosterone are two of the most important nutrients in our bodies and overall health. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is important for bone health, immune function and reproductive health. It regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism so bones stay strong and healthy. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced in the testes in men. It’s responsible for male characteristics like facial hair, deep voice and muscle mass. Research shows a complex relationship between vitamin D and testosterone in men. Studies show that vitamin D deficiency is linked to low testosterone which can cause various health issues. Understanding this relationship is important for optimal health outcomes especially for men who are experiencing symptoms of low testosterone. What is Vitamin D’s Role in the Body Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a big role in bone health, immune function and reproductive health. It regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism which are needed for strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D also supports the immune system to fight off infections and diseases. We get vitamin D from sun exposure, diet and supplements. But many are deficient in vitamin D especially during winter when sun is scarce. Deficiency can cause various health problems like weak bones, increased susceptibility to infections and impaired immune function. Having adequate vitamin D levels is important for overall health and well-being. Low Testosterone and Vitamin D Deficiency Obesity is linked to low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels which in turn is associated with testosterone deficiency and low testosterone in young men. Hypovitaminosis of vitamin D can cause long term health problems like drop in testosterone production and higher risk of hypogonadism. In this section we’ll discuss what causes low testosterone and lack of vitamin D and how these two affects each other. Causes of Low Testosterone and Vitamin D Deficiency Poor diet: A diet lacking in essential nutrients like vitamin-D rich foods such as fatty fish, fortified dairy products and egg yolks can cause deficiency. Those deficient in vitamin D may benefit from taking the right vitamin D supplement to address low testosterone. Lack of sun exposure: Since our bodies synthesize vitamin D through sun exposure on our skin, not spending enough time outdoors or living at higher latitudes can cause deficiency. Obesity: Excess body fat can disrupt hormone regulation and absorption/utilization of vitamins like vitamin D (source). This creates a vicious cycle where obesity causes low testosterone and worsen existing deficiency. Aging: As men age, their natural ability to produce hormones like testosterone decreases. Older adults have lower 25(OH)D levels partly because they spend less time outdoors exposed to direct sunlight (source). How Low Testosterone and Vitamin D Deficiency Affects Health The interplay of low testosterone and vitamin D deficiency can cause: Hypogonadism: A condition where the testes produce less or no hormones leading to symptoms like fatigue, decreased muscle mass and sexual dysfunction. Osteoporosis: Both testosterone and vitamin D are important for bone density. Low levels of either nutrient can increase risk of osteoporosis (source). Mood disorders: Studies show that there is a link between low testosterone/vitamin D deficiency and higher prevalence of depression and anxiety (source). Cardiovascular disease: Research shows that men with lower levels of both hormones are at higher risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks or strokes (source). Given these health effects, it’s more important to know how obesity affects this interaction and how to balance our hormones as a whole. Low testosterone and not enough vitamin D go together to create health problems so it’s clear there’s a strong connection between the two. We need to look into the studies on how vitamin D affects serum testosterone levels to understand more about these associations. Summary: This article discusses the connection between low testosterone and vitamin D deficiency and their health effects. It’s clear that obesity plays a big role in the hormone relationship so understanding how these two work together is key to overall health. Vitamin D and Testosterone Levels Research In the recent years, many studies have been done to look into the relationship between vitamin D status and hormone balance especially on free bioavailable testosterone levels and testosterone production. Some studies show positive association between 25(OH)D levels and total/free testosterone levels while others found no significant relationship for certain hormonal parameters. Studies on 25(OH)D deficiency and sex hormones A study in Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf) found that men with sufficient vitamin D had higher total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone compared to those with insufficient or deficient vitamin D. The researchers concluded that there is a strong relationship between 25(OH)D and TT/FT levels. A study in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that low 25(OH)D was associated with hypogonadism in middle aged men but not with changes in luteinizing hormone (LH). A more recent study in Andrology however found no significant correlation between 25(OH)D levels and various hormonal parameters like LH, FSH and inhibin B in healthy young men. The studies show the complex relationship between vitamin D and testosterone production. We need to consider that age, ethnicity, BMI and overall health can affect 25(OH)D levels and hormonal balance in men. A strong connection between 25(OH)D deficiency and sex hormones has been shown in Vitamin D and testosterone studies where testosterone levels were measured in nmol/L. We will now look into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on hormonal balance by examining the results of the Graz Vitamin D Randomized Clinical Trial. Vitamin-D Supplementation and Hormonal Balance One of the studies that looked into the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and hormonal balance is the Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of taking vitamin D for 12 weeks to taking a placebo. The study showed significant differences between the vitamin D group and the placebo group in insulin resistance, hormone levels and other metabolic parameters. Some of the findings on how vitamin D affects testosterone and other metabolic parameters were quite interesting. Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial Results Improved Metabolic Parameters: Those who took vitamin D supplements had reduced insulin resistance which is key to overall health and preventing chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. Influence on Estradiol Levels: The supplemented group had increased estradiol levels which is one of the main female sex hormones. The supplemented group’s increase in estradiol levels was not statistically significant compared to the placebo group. No Significant Effect on Total Testosterone (TT) Levels: Surprisingly, there was no difference in TT levels between those who took vitamin D supplements and those who did not. This means that while there may be a relationship between blood testosterone levels and vitamin D, supplementation may not have a significant impact on hormone production or regulation for everyone. This study shows the complexity of hormonal balance in our body. Although it’s clear that getting the right nutrients like vitamin D is important for overall health, more research is needed to understand how they affect testosterone production. Those who want to optimize their hormone levels through diet or supplements should consult a healthcare professional and stay updated with the latest research. The Graz Vitamin-D Randomized Clinical Trial results showed that taking vitamin D supplementation had a positive effect on hormonal balance. More research is needed to find out how hCG injections will affect men with different vitamin D levels and how there is a link between testosterone and vitamin D. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify these relationships. Conclusion: So vitamin D supplementation may not affect testosterone levels but it seems to affect metabolic parameters and estradiol levels. More research is needed on how nutrients like vitamin D can alter or control hormone production so consult a specialist before starting any diet or supplementation program. Testosterone and Vitamin-D A study from Rigshospitalet found a relationship between testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and vitamin D in 300 healthy men with normal testosterone production. This shows the importance of having adequate vitamin D for hormonal balance. Vitamin-D and Testicular Tissue’s Ability to Produce Testosterone Vitamin D is involved in many physiological processes including sex steroid production. In testicular tissue, it was found that low vitamin D can impair the ability to produce testosterone. Men with low vitamin D had less response to hCG injections compared to those with normal or high vitamin D levels. The studies included in this review were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the integrity and quality of the review process. hCG Injections on Men With Different Vitamin-D Levels Serum Levels: Those with higher 25(OH)D serum levels had increased total testosterone after hCG injections compared to those with lower 25(OH)D serum levels. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Response rate was also seen for luteinizing hormone which is responsible for stimulating testosterone production in the testicles. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): No significant difference was seen in FSH response between the groups based on their initial 25(OH)D levels. So there may be a link between testosterone and vitamin D but more research is needed to understand the implications. For overall health and wellness men should have healthy levels of both hormones. Vitamin D is involved in testosterone production and regulation so let’s think about what this hormonal balance means to a person’s overall health. Conclusion: The study showed a positive correlation between testosterone and vitamin D, higher 25(OH)D resulted to higher total testosterone, LH response was also better when 25(OH)D was normal or high. The study suggests there may be a link between the two which is important for men’s health. Testosterone Production, Regulation and Health Testosterone deficiency which has many health implications is produced in the testes and regulated by hormones like LH. It’s produced in the testicles and regulated by pituitary hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH). Low testosterone can have many negative effects on overall health. In this section we will discuss some of the common symptoms of low testosterone and why we need to understand Vitamin D status & hormonal balance. Symptoms of Low Testosterone Fatigue: One of the most obvious symptoms of low testosterone is fatigue or lack of energy. Men may find it hard to be active or finish their daily tasks due to low energy. Muscle loss: Testosterone is involved in muscle mass so deficiency leads to loss of muscle strength and size. Low libido: Decrease in libido or sex drive often accompanies low testosterone. This may also result to erectile dysfunction in men. Bone problems: Testosterone regulates bone density so deficiency can increase risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Mood changes: Men with low testosterone may experience mood swings, irritability, depression or anxiety as their hormonal balance gets disrupted. li> Why We Need To Understand Vitamin-D Status & Hormonal Balance Vitamin D affects many physiological processes in our body including sex hormones like testosterone. As mentioned earlier studies showed a link between blood testosterone and vitamin D in healthy men with normal testosterone production. So maintaining optimal vitamin D levels may be important for hormonal balance. But more research is needed to understand how these two work together in the body’s endocrine system. In the meantime men who are experiencing symptoms of low testosterone should consult their doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment that can improve both hormone levels and overall health. Conclusion: This article discusses the link between Vitamin D and testosterone, the implications for men who are experiencing low energy or muscle loss. It discusses the common symptoms of low testosterone like low energy and muscle loss, bone problems and mood changes. And how maintaining optimal vitamin D levels can help preserve hormonal balance in men experiencing these symptoms. Vitamin D and Testosterone in Women Vitamin D and testosterone are often linked to men’s health but they also play a big role in women’s health. Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function in women. It is also involved in the regulation of reproductive hormones for proper menstrual cycles and fertility. Testosterone although present in smaller amounts in women is involved in the development of female characteristics like libido and muscle mass. Having adequate levels of both vitamin D and testosterone is important for women’s overall health. Vitamin D deficiency can cause many health problems like osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Low testosterone can affect libido, muscle mass and overall energy. Understanding the roles of these nutrients in women’s health is important to prevent and manage these conditions. Why Vitamin D is important for Women’s Health Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function in women. It regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism so bones are strong and healthy. It also supports the immune system to fight off infections and diseases. It is also involved in the regulation of reproductive hormones for proper menstrual cycles and fertility. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many health problems in women like osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Having adequate vitamin D is important to prevent these conditions and overall health. Women should get enough vitamin D through sunlight, dietary sources and supplements if needed. Regular check-ups and blood tests can monitor vitamin D levels and ensure optimal health. FAQs about Vitamin D and Testosterone Does vitamin D increase testosterone? There is some evidence that vitamin D may have a positive effect on testosterone. Studies show that taking vitamin D supplements can increase testosterone especially in men who are deficient. But more studies are needed to determine the ideal dosage and if other factors affect this relationship. To get the most out of vitamin D supplements for testosterone, you should also change your lifestyle like exercise more and eat better. How much vitamin D for testosterone? Vitamin D is important for testosterone production. Studies show that men with higher vitamin D levels have higher testosterone than those with lower levels. For optimal testosterone production daily vitamin D intake should be between 600-1000 IU but higher doses may be needed in some cases. If you are unsure of your current vitamin D status or how much to supplement, consult a doctor before taking any supplements. Conclusion In summary, we need to understand the connection between vitamin D and testosterone. Low levels of either can cause health problems like low energy or libido, depression and even increase risk of certain diseases. To keep you healthy you should eat a balanced diet with vitamin D rich foods (like fish) and exercise regularly. Supplement may be needed if your blood tests show you have low levels of these nutrients. Proper care can provide our body with the necessary vitamin D and testosterone for optimal health. Check your Vitamin D and Testosterone levels with Discounted Labs. Get your Vitamin D and Testosterone test today without doctor’s visit!   References Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Testosterone Levels in Adult Males: A Systematic Review Can Vitamin D Restore Low Testosterone Levels? Vitamin D Increases Testosterone Production Can Vitamin D Increase Testosterone Concentrations in Men? 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Testosterone Levels Association Through Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young Men with Obesity Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men  

Except for estradiol, no hormone is more misunderstood than dihydrotestosterone, or DHT. Many men fear DHT, going out of their way to use a DHT blocker for their medical condition. However, DHT is a critical hormone, one that men need for sexual and prostate health, cognitive function, skeletal strength, and many other reasons. Like everything in life, there are downsides to DHT, but the upside of healthy DHT levels far outweighs the challenges it can present. It is crucial to choose a DHT blocker that has support from scientific research in order to ensure both safety and efficacy when considering its use for hair thickness and general health care. In the intricate world of hormones and their impact on men's health, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) often emerges as a topic of considerable debate and intrigue. This potent androgen, frequently overshadowed by its more famous counterpart testosterone, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes yet is often misunderstood or feared due to its association with certain medical conditions. Our journey in this article is to demystify DHT, unraveling its complexities to reveal not just the concerns it raises but, more importantly, the indispensable benefits it offers for male health. From sexual wellness to cognitive abilities and skeletal integrity, DHT's influence is far-reaching, making it essential to understand and appreciate its role in the broader context of hormonal balance and overall health. DHT – FRIEND OR ENEMY? Except for estradiol, no hormone is more misunderstood than dihydrotestosterone, or DHT. Many men fear DHT, going out of their way to lower it and frustrate its biological activity. However, DHT is a critical hormone, one that men need for sexual and prostate growth, cognitive function, skeletal strength, and many other reasons, such as hormonal health conditions. Like everything in life, DHT has downsides, but the upside of healthy DHT levels far outweighs the challenges it can present. DHT, the main hormone involved in male-pattern hair loss, can attach to receptors in your scalp and damage your hair follicles, leading to a receding hairline, hair thinning, and even severe hair loss. DHT – Where it Comes From The principal hormone produced in men is, of course, testosterone. When testosterone is produced by the testicles (or injected or absorbed by a man on testosterone replacement), an enzyme, 5-alpha reductase(5-AR), sets to work, converting a portion of that testosterone to DHT, which is the conversion of testosterone into the androgen hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This conversion prevents some testosterone from reaching the androgen receptors in the brain, genitals, skin, and other tissues. Initially, that may sound like the body is deprived of a needed hormone, testosterone. However, for the most part, this conversion is actually in a man’s best interest. Though estimates vary, DHT binds much more efficiently to androgen receptors; DHT is 300 to 500 percent more efficient at reaching and binding to the receptors and is far more potent than testosterone. If tissues were deprived of DHT, 5-AR hadn’t done its job; there would be dramatic physiological changes. While it is true that testosterone remains the primary, active androgen in muscle and muscle development, DHT is still critical for testosterone's full performance-enhancing effects. Specifically, the impact of DHT on the central nervous system increases neurological efficiency and strength. The production of body hair DHT comes from testosterone, with the help of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase (5-AR). The production of DHT is a natural process that occurs when testosterone is converted into the androgen hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with the help of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase (5-AR). DHT – Positive Effects  To understand DHT’s androgenic properties, consider the following. Male Development – Physical and sexual development in the human male is DHT-dependent. DHT is responsible for the growth and development of the penis, the prostate, and the testicles. It not only helps with sex differentiation during fetal development but also supports the changes that occur during puberty and adulthood. Libido – DHT supports a healthy sex drive. Men with optimal levels of the hormone report a far stronger drive than men with lower levels. Prostate Health – Men with balanced levels of DHT may have fewer prostate health issues. Cognitive Function – One study indicated that administering DHT to men between 34 and 70 resulted in memory improvements. The androgenic properties of the hormone encouraged the retrieval of stored memories and the archiving of new ones. Low/lower levels of DHT were linked to a decline in cognitive function in elderly men. Blood Sugar Management – Higher levels of DHT help to reduce the risk of diabetes by controlling sugar levels and preventing hyperglycemia. DHT can improve insulin sensitivity, support efforts to lose weight, and may provide adjunctive support in treating diabetes.  Cardiovascular Health – Men with coronary artery disease may benefit from higher levels of DHT since lower hormone levels have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It may be a simple association – higher levels of DHT might lower the mortality associated with heart disease. Stroke Risk – Researchers followed a group of men for six years and learned that higher levels of DHT and testosterone seemed to lower the risk of stroke.  Depression – In one study, men who used finasteride, a drug that blocks 5-AR and, thus, generates lower levels of DHT, had higher rates of depression than a control group. DHT may well be necessary to support mental and emotional health. Anti-Aging – Higher levels of DHT, testosterone, and estradiol seem to slow the decline associated with aging. Lower levels of all three hormones brought about cellular changes seen in the elderly. Higher levels were associated with “younger” cellular function. Bone and Skeletal Health – Along with estradiol, appropriate levels of DHT support and maintain bone density in men. DHT – The Downside The DHT story is firm but not universally positive. The drawbacks of DHT must be considered. Baldness – Hair loss is probably the number one DHT—harmful in the minds of most men who are involved in testosterone therapy. Studies have shown that higher levels of DHT are linked to increased male-pattern baldness. In women, elevated levels of DHT can lead to male-like hair growth patterns. Cancer – DHT is critical for the normal development of the prostate, but high hormone levels have been associated with prostate cancer risk. However, studies on DHT and prostate cancer are contradictory. Acne – Inflammatory acne flares have been linked to DHT.  DHT – The Bottom Line: A Friend or Foe? For men, DHT is a friend and an important one. However, like virtually every hormone in the body, the key to health is balance. If DHT levels drop too far, men open themselves to low libido.  DHT is not likely to be tested in most men undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. Some clinicians fail to recognize the importance of DHT for men’s health and libido, so they fail to monitor it. It’s entirely possible, even likely, that some men are not obtaining the maximum benefits of testosterone replacement because (unbeknownst to them) their DHT levels are not optimal.  DiscountedLabs.com offers a highly affordable DHT test to help you determine if your body is producing sufficient DHT. The DHT test is quick, easy to administer, and reliable.   How to Increase DHT There are natural ways to boost DHT levels if one is not on a testosterone replacement protocol. Here are a few things that can be done. Exercise more, particularly resistance training and high-intensity training. Increase your intake of caffeine, creatine, or green tea supplements. Boost the amount of zinc in your diet via the food you eat or a supplement. Take a DHEA supplement if your DHEA blood level is low. Get a DHEA blood test Lose weight. Optimize your testosterone blood level, which is low. Last but not least, use a scrotal testosterone cream. Applying compounded (alcohol-free) testosterone cream to the testicular skin has increased DHT considerably. Using a DHT Blocker to Lower DHT It should be clear that most men have no reason to suppress their DHT levels. However, Propecia is regularly prescribed as a DHT blocker for men anxious about losing their hair, specifically to address male pattern baldness (a.k.a. androgenic alopecia). As was noted, Propecia will stop or suppress the 5-AR activity that produces DHT, thereby reducing DHT production. By blocking or slowing the work of 5-AR, one of the possible adverse side effects that DHT can have, male pattern baldness, may be prevented or arrested. Unfortunately, there is scientific evidence that some men who take this medication may risk lowering their libido and mood. In many cases, using DHT blockers like finasteride can help you to slow down or stop androgenic hair loss and even stimulate growth, allowing people to slow down or prevent hair loss and maintain a full head of thicker, healthier hair well into their 40s, 50s, and 60s. Topical finasteride is not FDA-approved yet but has shown promise in clinical studies. It can be sold by compounding pharmacies with a prescription. For reasons still not clearly understood, this medication can produce a syndrome in some men very similar to those symptoms associated with hypogonadism. Loss of libido, weak erections, malaise, and fatigue plague many men even after they have stopped using the drug. While it’s true that no one wants to lose their hair, no man wants to wind up with what has come to be known as post-finasteride syndrome. With proper attention, DHT can be a friend and ally in the search for optimal health. Don’t fear it; accept it and have it work to your advantage. Conclusion Navigating the intricate landscape of DHT and its role in men's health requires a nuanced understanding that balances the pros and cons. While concerns like male pattern baldness and potential links to certain health issues cannot be overlooked, the substantial benefits of DHT in areas like sexual health, cognitive function, and metabolic regulation highlight its critical role. The key lies in achieving hormonal equilibrium and ensuring that DHT levels are maintained within an optimal range. For those considering testosterone replacement therapy or DHT blockers, it's crucial to make informed decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of DHT's impact and the latest scientific research. At DiscountedLabs.com, we offer affordable and reliable DHT testing, empowering you to make the best choices for your health and wellbeing. Remember, DHT is not just a hormone to be managed but a vital component of a balanced and healthy male physiology.   Buy Your DHT TEST on DiscountedLabs.com  

Testosterone is typically thought of as a hormone for men. Still, it is also essential for women as it influences sexual functioning, mood, the development of lean muscle mass, and even memory and cognition. Women who are in their 40s have about half the level of testosterone that was present in their 20s. We see a significant decline in testosterone levels over time. Women with low or suboptimal testosterone levels can experience many symptoms, including sexual dysfunction and a decrease in sexual drive or desire, known as low sex drive (hypogonadism). They can also notice that they have increased fatigue. They're tired. Also, it's more challenging to develop lean muscle mass. It can have a significant impact even on mood, an overall sense of well-being, motivation, a feeling of confidence, and assertiveness. Also, it can affect memory and cognitive function. A low libido: As testosterone helps fuel a healthy sex drive, a decline in sexual interest or inability to achieve orgasm may be a symptom of lower testosterone levels in both sexes. A study published in the journal of the American Medical Association showed that approximately 43% of postmenopausal women suffer from some form of sexual dysfunction. Surprisingly, we don't hear a lot about this condition in women. We certainly don't hear about options for treatment, including testosterone. This condition can often go undiagnosed and undertreated. NO FDA-APPROVED TREATMENTS FOR LOW TESTOSTERONE ON WOMEN Currently, there is no FDA-approved testosterone replacement therapy for women, even though providers have been prescribing it in an off-label manner, which is when a medication is prescribed for something other than its official FDA-approved indication. Providers have been doing this for over 50 years now. Testosterone can be replaced in various forms. It can be given in a shallow-dose injection once a week. It can also be given sublingually in a troche form, which dissolves in the mouth. Also, it can be administered through a minor surgical procedure. It's known as subcutaneous pellet insertion. And then it can also be given in topical form as a cream or a gel. The most common form of replacement we see is topical gel or cream, which can be supplied by compounding pharmacies. The benefit of doing it this way is that the provider can adjust the dose based on the individual patient's needs and response to therapy. It's more than just one standard dose, and it better work for you, or there's no other option.  Testosterone creams can be customized for the needs of the individual patient. When you replace any hormone in this manner at low daily doses, it is very similar to the way the body naturally produces hormones. After starting testosterone replacement therapy, women typically notice a significant improvement in all symptoms, including increased sexual functioning, desire, and drive. They can also see an increase in energy levels and an increased ability to develop lean muscle mass. Additionally, they can notice a significant improvement in mood, motivation, overall sense of well-being, and confidence. In addition, they may see improved memory and cognitive functioning. Another critical point is that when testosterone is given to a woman, a portion of it will convert to estrogen. The postmenopausal woman with low estrogen levels can see improvement in those symptoms typically associated with low estrogens, such as hot flashes, night sweats, moodiness, irritability, and vaginal dryness. So, women may experience improvements in the classic symptoms of low testosterone and the typical menopausal symptoms associated with low estrogen. Several studies support the use of hormone replacement therapy, specifically testosterone replacement therapy, in women. A Cochrane review of the literature found that over 35 trials have been performed, which included over 4500 women. They found a significant improvement in sexual functioning in women on hormone replacement therapy. Also, a more recent study published in 2014 showed that women on a transdermal or topical form of hormone replacement therapy had an improvement in memory and cognitive functioning. Several studies support the use of this vital hormone in women. POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE IN WOMEN In terms of safety, there are potential side effects with the use of any medication. In testosterone therapy, if doses are too high, women can notice adverse effects, such as acne and an increase in hair growth, known as hirsutism. Also, with extremely high doses, they may see a deepened voice or enlargement of the labia or clitoris. That would typically be something that's dose-dependent. If a physician was a little bit aggressive with their starting dose, they might notice some side effects of testosterone treatment, such as disturbed breathing while sleeping, breast swelling or tenderness, swelling in the ankles, or too much testosterone. Doctors also watch out for high red blood cell counts, which could increase the risk of clotting. By decreasing and backing off on the dosage, those symptoms will resolve. One important fact to mention for premenopausal women who are still menstruating is that providers need to discuss the use of birth control with them because testosterone is considered category X, meaning it will cause fetal harm if a woman becomes pregnant while she's on testosterone replacement. That's just a discussion that the patient needs to have with their provider, “What is your reliable form of birth control?" before prescribing it to them. Testosterone replacement therapy is very safe for premenopausal women on birth control and postmenopausal women. It has a low risk of side effects when used at appropriate doses, and many studies support its use in this population. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND LOW TESTOSTERONE IN WOMEN We are all aware that if we watch TV for more than an hour each day, we will constantly see advertisements for medications to treat erectile dysfunction in men. But we hardly hear anything about sexual dysfunction in women. There are many reasons why women’s sexual desire and other hormone-related quality-of-life issues are so misunderstood, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Sexual dysfunction in pre and post-menopausal women has been a very controversial topic that has been poorly researched, even though a February 1999 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, titled “Sexual Dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and Predictors,” found that approximately 43% of postmenopausal women suffer from some form of female sexual dysfunction. It wasn’t until June 2011 that an FDA advisory committee to the division of Reproductive and Urologic Drug Products stated that HSDD (Hypoactive Sexual Desire Syndrome) is a significant medical condition for women. This may open the door for companies to apply for new drug applications for that indication. It is important to note that unlike erectile dysfunction drugs approved for men, like Viagra, which increase blood flow to the genitals as long as a man is aroused, testosterone therapy is systemic and needs to be applied over weeks to have a noticeable effect on sex drive in men and women. Some companies have tried to enter the female sexual dysfunction market in the past. In December 2004, the United States FDA rejected Procter & Gamble's fast-track request for Intrinsa (a testosterone patch for women) for HSDD, citing concerns about potential off-label use of the product. In Canada, post-menopausal women have been able to obtain government-approved testosterone treatment since 2002. In 2007, Intrinsa was granted a license from the European Medicines Agency in July and was available on Britain's National Health Service. According to P&G's survey on female health, 30 million women in the U.S. are naturally menopausal, 3 million are distressed by their lack of sexual desire, and 20% of 25 million surgically menopausal women are distressed. Other companies that attempted to get their drugs approved for this indication (Boehringer Ingelheim and Warner Chilcott) have pulled the plug on their competing HSDD treatments for menopausal and pre-menopausal women. BioSante Pharmaceuticals also got their testosterone gel for women, LibiGel, rejected by the FDA. HORMONE THERAPY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN Menopause can cause symptoms such as hot flashes that might result from the changing hormone levels during the menopause transition. After a woman's last menstrual period, when her ovaries make much less estrogen and progesterone, some symptoms of menopause might disappear, but others may continue. To help relieve these symptoms, some women use hormones. This is called hormone therapy (HT), which includes estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone. HT is available orally or in gel formulations made by specialized compounding pharmacies. Estrogen is a hormone used to relieve the symptoms of menopause. A woman who had her uterus removed could use only estrogen (E). But a woman with a uterus must add progesterone, or progestin (synthetic progesterone), and estrogen (E+P). This combination lowers the chance of an unwanted thickening of the uterus lining and reduces the risk of cancer of the uterus, an uncommon but possible result of using estrogen alone. CONTROVERSIES IN HORMONE TREATMENTS FOR WOMEN But the use of hormone therapy in women has been subject to much controversy in the recent past. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was a landmark clinical trial that looked at the effects of combination hormone therapy (estrogen + progestin) in 16,608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. The women were aged 50 to 79 (average age of 63) when they joined the study. This study did not include the use of testosterone. In this study, 8,506 participants were randomly assigned to receive a combination of estrogen (0.625 milligrams of conjugated equine estrogens per day) plus progestin (2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate), and 8,102 women were given a placebo.  The study was stopped in 2002 after an average of 5.6 years of treatment due to increased breast cancer in women on hormone therapy. Compared to women on placebo, women on combination hormone therapy were also at increased risk of stroke, dangerous blood clots, and heart disease. In contrast, their risk of colorectal cancer and hip fractures was lower. It is important to note that these hormones were provided orally, and some clinicians claim that transdermal (on the skin) application of estrogen alone or in combination with testosterone would show a different and more favorable side effect profile. The halting of the WHI study raised concerns about the safety of all hormone therapy in women (oral or transdermal), even if no androgens were included in this study and only oral delivery forms were used. Many physicians stopped prescribing hormone therapy (HT) even for women who had dramatic improvements in their quality of life while using it. Experts today don't recommend hormone therapy unless a woman suffers painful menopause symptoms. New information about the use of androgens (testosterone and DHEA) alone or with HT suggests that these hormones may help women who do not have enough androgens and have problems with their sexual health. Androgens are also precursors of all estrogens (estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3)) in women's bodies. The primary and most well-known androgen is testosterone (which aromatizes into estradiol); other less essential androgens are dihydrotestosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. The ovaries and adrenals directly secrete androgens in women. Presently, there is no agreement about whether androgen deficiency is a clinical problem in aging women and if the addition of androgens to HT can improve the cardiovascular risks seen in the WHI study. Causes of androgen insufficiency in women can have ovarian, adrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary, drug-related, and unknown origins. Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and androgen insufficiency in women may include a diminished sense of well-being, low mood, fatigue, and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) with decreased libido or reduced sexual receptivity and pleasure that causes a great deal of personal distress. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is another possible cause of androgen insufficiency in women. POI occurs when the ovaries stop functioning normally before 40 years of age. Although menopause is the most common cause of ovarian failure, other factors, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, can also contribute to POI. Therefore, it is important to consider premature ovarian insufficiency as a potential cause of androgen insufficiency in women. There is increasing evidence to suggest that many postmenopausal women experience symptoms alleviated by androgen therapy and that such symptoms may be caused by androgen deficiency. Affected women complain of fatigue, low libido, and diminished well-being, which are symptoms easily and frequently attributed to psychosocial and environmental factors. The question of whether adding testosterone therapy to conventional postmenopausal HT is effective or safe is unresolved. Therefore, a Cochrane review was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women using HT. Thirty-five trials with a total of 4768 participants were included in the review. The median study duration was six months (range: 1.5 to 24 months). Most of the trials were of adequate quality regarding randomization. The pooled estimate suggested that adding testosterone to HT regimens improved sexual function scores and the number of satisfying sexual episodes for postmenopausal women. Some of the few adverse effects were decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and increased hair growth and acne incidence. The discontinuation rate was not significantly higher with the addition of testosterone therapy. OTHER USES FOR TESTOSTERONE IN WOMEN Emerging and controversial potential indications for androgen therapy in women have been or are being evaluated. Women with early ovarian failure, premenopausal androgen deficiency symptoms, postmenopausal and glucocorticosteroid-related bone loss, HIV-related wasting, and the premenstrual syndrome can all use this medicine. Whether or not any of these indications will lead to approved products in the future is unknown. HOW TO MEASURE LOW TESTOSTERONE IN WOMEN The term hypogonadism is used as a diagnostic term for testosterone deficiency, also known as testosterone insufficiency, in men. Besides HSDD as one of the potential symptoms, there is no agreement on what to call androgen deficiency in women. Clinical guidelines published in 2002 called the Princeton Consensus Statement used the term "female androgen insufficiency" as defined as a pattern of clinical symptoms in the presence of decreased bioavailable testosterone and normal estrogen status. The panel warned that currently available testosterone assays were found to lack sensitivity and reliability at the lower testosterone blood level ranges in women. The need for an equilibrium dialysis measure was strongly emphasized as the most adequate method to test women’s testosterone blood levels. BUY THE MOST AFFORDABLE AND ACCURATE TESTOSTERONE TEST FOR WOMEN Women in the United States can buy a testosterone test for women online without needing a doctor's prescription by using DiscountedLabs.com. They can also obtain a complete blood test panel to measure other hormones like estrogen, DHEA, progesterone, and testosterone. HOW TO TREAT LOW TESTOSTERONE IN FEMALES Circulating testosterone in women declines during the late reproductive years, such that otherwise healthy women in their 40s have approximately half the testosterone level as women in their 20s. The levels remain stable across the menopausal transition and then either remain stable or continue to decline with diminishing adrenal androgen production with increasing age. In the decade preceding menopause, the mid-cycle surge of free testosterone is lost. Despite this, research showing the benefits of androgen replacement has been limited to postmenopausal years. This means that testosterone levels in women change throughout the month based on one's menstrual cycle. However, the mid-cycle surge of free testosterone is lost in the decade preceding menopause. Some small studies have been done in premenopausal women, however. One evaluated the efficacy of transdermal testosterone therapy on mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women with low libido in eugonadal (normal testosterone blood levels). Testosterone therapy improved the well-being, mood, and sexual function of these women. Since many women experience diminished sexual interest and welfare during their late reproductive years, further research is warranted to evaluate the benefits and safety of the longer-term intervention. Potential dose-dependent side effects may be unwanted hair growth, masculinization, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lowering. TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS IN WOMEN A direct association between testosterone and heart disease has never been established, but doctors have suspected a link exists for many years. The reasoning goes like this: men have much more testosterone than women and develop heart disease about ten years before their female counterparts. On top of standard medical therapy, women with systolic heart failure who took low-dose testosterone for six months showed significant gains in exercise and ventilatory capacity and large-muscle strength, along with heightened insulin sensitivity, in a small placebo-controlled trial . Despite the entrenched belief that higher blood levels of testosterone increase the risk of CVD in women, data from recent observational studies mostly show an inverse relationship between testosterone and CVD risk. A pilot study (JCEM 86 (1): 158) suggested favorable effects of transdermal testosterone treatment of women with established congestive cardiac failure, which merits further evaluation. Some early research shows that giving postmenopausal women testosterone therapy through injections improves both flow-mediated and GTN-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery. The mechanisms underlying these potentially beneficial cardiovascular effects require further investigation. TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT AND CANCER IN WOMEN The relationship between endogenous testosterone production and breast cancer risk remains contentious, with recent studies indicating either no relationship or a possible increase in risk when estrone and estradiol are not considered. No randomized controlled trial of testosterone therapy has been sufficiently large or of sufficient duration to establish whether such treatment may influence breast cancer occurrence. There does not appear to be an association between testosterone and endometrial cancer or other malignancies in the review of published studies. There is no convincing evidence that standard estrogen-based hormone therapy for ovarian failure increases the risk of breast cancer. However, some studies have previously shown that ovarian androgens protect mammary epithelial cells from excessive estrogenic stimulation. Therefore, a study hypothesized that adding testosterone to usual hormone therapy might protect women from breast cancer. This retrospective observational study followed 508 postmenopausal women receiving testosterone and standard hormone therapy in South Australia. Breast cancer status was ascertained by mammography at the initiation of testosterone treatment and biannually after that. The average age at the start of follow-up was 56.4 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 5.8 years. Breast cancer incidence in this group was compared with that of untreated women and women using usual hormone therapy reported in the medical literature and to age-specific local population rates. There were seven cases of invasive breast cancer in this population of testosterone users, for an incidence of 238 per 100,000 woman-years. The rate for estrogen/progestin and testosterone users was 293 per 100,000 woman-years—substantially less than women receiving estrogen/progestin in the Women's Health Initiative study (380 per 100,000 woman-years) or the Million Women Study (521 per 100,000 woman-years). The breast cancer rate in testosterone users in this study was closest to that reported for users who never used hormone therapy in the latter study (283 per 100,000 woman-years), and their age-standardized rate was the same as for the general population in South Australia. Based on these findings, adding testosterone to traditional hormone therapy for postmenopausal women may not raise the risk of breast cancer and may even lower it, bringing the rates back to what they are in the general population that is not on hormone therapy. But more studies are needed. LATEST DATA ON TESTOSTERONE AND WOMEN: A recent study review by Dr. Rakibul Islam and his team was published in The Lancet in July 2019 and retrieved 46 reports of 36 randomized controlled trials comprising 8480 female participants. Their meta-analysis showed that testosterone significantly improved sexual function compared to a placebo or a comparator (e.g., estrogen with or without progesterone). It improved sexual desire, pleasure, arousal, responsiveness, and self-image, and it decreased sexual concerns and distress in postmenopausal women. A significant rise in the amount of LDL-cholesterol and reductions in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were seen with testosterone administered orally but not when administered non-orally (e.g., by transdermal patch or cream). An overall increase in weight was recorded with testosterone treatment. No effects of testosterone were reported for body composition, musculoskeletal variables, or cognitive measures, although the number of women who contributed data for these outcomes was small. Testosterone was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of reporting acne and hair growth, but no serious adverse events were recorded. TESTOSTERONE USE IN WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES As previously mentioned, there is no FDA-approved testosterone product for women. Some doctors prescribe drugs for female patients by having them use low doses of products like Androgen, Testim, Axiron, Testopel, and Fortesta that are meant for male hypogonadism without following the product's label. Other doctors prescribe creams with low testosterone levels through compounding pharmacies. However, it is important to note that women and people with AFIB require significantly less testosterone, necessitating a much lower dose of medication compared to men. CONCLUSION In conclusion, low testosterone in women is a condition that is often overlooked and underdiagnosed. However, it can have significant impacts on a woman's quality of life, including decreased sex drive, fatigue, and mood changes. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available, including hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication. It is important for women to speak with their healthcare provider and get properly diagnosed and treated for low testosterone if necessary. By doing so, they can improve their overall health and well-being.   References: Effects of testosterone therapy for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.Syst Rev. 2019; 8: 19   Efficacy and safety of transdermal testosterone in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2017; 107: 475-482

Table of Contents Background: Known roles of vitamin D in the body and why we need it Can supplementing vitamin D levels raise your testosterone levels? Vitamin D Study Results T synthesis in human primary testicular cell cultures Discussion of These Results How does it happen? References: Testosterone is the male hormone responsible for making us “feel like men, think like men, and look like men.” So in our never ending pursuit to raise our natural testosterone levels, we often look for positive correlations. You may have asked yourself these common questions: “If I up my intake of this nutrient, will my testosterone levels go up?” “If I take this supplement, will I have higher testosterone levels? This article aims to elucidate the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and whether or not a higher level of vitamin D can raise your testosterone levels. Background: Known roles of vitamin D in the body and why we need it First we need to understand what vitamin D really does in the body and why it is important. Vitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble molecules responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and zinc and multiple other biological effects. It has been known to help regulate blood pressure and to benefit cardiovascular health. It aids in maintaining homeostasis (balance) in the body and overall muscle and bone health[1]. It has also been proven to regulate cell growth and decrease the risk ofcancer in the prostate, breasts, colon, and lungs. Although most Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin through UVB ray absorption from the sun, there are some foods that have naturally high levels of vitamin D, including fatty fish such as salmon, milk, and orange juice. However, most people do not get enough sun or consume Vitamin D-enriched foods to reach optimum blood levels of this important vitamin. For most, supplementation is the only way to maintain healthy Vitamin D blood levels. Now, how does vitamin D relate to testosterone? Let’s find out. Can supplementing vitamin D levels raise your testosterone levels? A study concluded that lower serum vitamin D3 levels are associated with lower testosterone levels. [2] There has also been speculation that adequate vitamin D levels can actually raise testosterone levels. Is there any basis behind this speculation and if so, what is the mechanism? In 2014 the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism published a groundbreaking paper, written by D. Hofer, J. Münzker, et al, on the subject titled “Testicular synthesis and Vitamin D Action”. For the first time, human (vs animal) adult primary testicular cells were isolated, treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D3), and their gene expression levels were profiled by microarray analysis. They were able to determine that there was a SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN SERUM TESTOSTERONE LEVELS WHEN PRIMARY TESTICULAR CELLS WERE TREATED WITH VITAMIN D3 VS CONTROL GROUP. [3] Vitamin D Study Results The authors wanted to measure overall testosterone production when various variables were changed. Keep in mind, 1,25(OH)2D3, is Vitamin D3, the biologically active form of Vitamin D. T synthesis in human primary testicular cell cultures First, let’s look at graph A. It demonstrates a significant increase in T production after exclusive addition of 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D3) (P < .001) compared with control cells treated with vehicle (ethanol) (Figure 3A). Next, let’s look at graph B. Addition of 5 IU/L LH, 100 ng/mL IGF-I together with 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased T levels (P < .05) (Figure 3B), compared with treatment with LH or LH and IGF-I only. Results are represented as means ± SD. *, P < .05; ***, P < .001. NC, control (vehicle). Discussion of These Results The study researchers saw a SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN TESTOSTERONE LEVELS WHEN PRIMARY TESTICULAR CELLS ARE TREATED WITH VITAMIN D3. Keep in mind though, the level of vitamin D used by our authors would be well above any normal physiological level found in any person. According to The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy 2013, most reliable reference ranges for vitamin D3 put normal serum blood levels somewhere between 25–65 pg/mL. Our authors used 100ng/ml of vitamin D3 to treat these cells, which is somewhere between 300-1200 times a healthy reference range.[4] If our serum concentration of D3 were to ever get that high, our serum calcium levels would skyrocket and our internal organs would begin to calcify.[4] Organ failure would ensue and ultimately we would die. SO, although we can conclusively say that yes, higher vitamin D3 levels can raise testosterone levels, you will never see a 50% increase in your testosterone level as seen in this study by supplementing vitamin D3 [3,4]. How does it happen? In a nutshell, the authors were able to analyze which and how many proteins were being produced by the genes in these testicular cells. So, how do these proteins relate to testosterone production? Let’s take a look at our famous “Steroid Tree”   This tree outlines steroidogenesis, the process our body (mainly in our sex organs) undergoes to produce our sex steroids/hormones. All steroid hormones including testosterone originate from cholesterol, as seen at the bottom of the tree. In the KEY to Steroid Enzymes box, we see the necessary enzymes that are required to move about the tree, located between each structure. These ENZYMES are some of the PROTEINS that the GENES in our testicular cells are producing. The authors of thispaper measured GENE EXPRESSION, or the level at which the genes in the testicular DNA produced these enzymes/proteins. All in all, they chose 63 different genes to analyze. Of those 63, 6 displayed promising results. Results:   Do you notice anything about these genes and the enzymes they produce? Four of them match with the “KEY to Steroid Enzymes” box in our “Steroid Tree” diagram. Below: Stated first is the gene name, second is the enzyme the gene produces, and the third is the corresponding number of that enzyme on our steroid tree. · CYP11A1: Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme: 1 · HSD3B2: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II : 3 · SRD5A1: 5α-reductase: 5 · CYP19A1: Aromatase: A 1 is essential to our primary step of converting cholesterol to pregnenolone 3 is absolutely essential in getting to testosterone. In conclusion, theauthors proposed that vitamin D3 increases testosterone levels by increasing the number of enzymes available to (eventually) convert cholesterol to testosterone. This is how vitamin D3 raises testosterone! Of Note: It is interesting to note that Aromatase activity was also increased significantly. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into estradiol. It has been shown that low levels of vitamin D are associated with low levels of estradiol in men. [5] 5a-Reductase production was also increased. 5a-reductase is the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to DHT. Both estradiol and DHT can have minor deleterious effects to male health if present in high concentrations in the blood. Thiswill be discussed in future articles. References: 1. L.A. Schaap, S.M.F. Pluijm, J.H. Smit, N.M. van Schoor, M. Visser, L.J.G. Gooren, et al. “The association of sex hormone levels with poor mobility, low muscle strength and incidence of falls among older men and women.” Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.), 63 (August (2)) (2005), pp. 152-160 2. R. Rafiq. N.M. van Schoor, E. Sohl, M.C. Zillikens, M.M. Oosterwerff. Associations of vitamin D status and vitamin D-related polymorphisms with sex hormones in older men. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Volume 164, November 2016, Pages 11-17 3. D. Hofer, J. Münzker, V. Schwetz, M. Ulbing, K. Hutz, Ph. Stiegler, R. Zigeuner, T. R. Pieber, H. Müller, B. Obermayer-Pietsch. Testicular Synthesis and Vitamin D Action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2014) 99 (10): 3766-3773. 4. Ziegler R (February 2001). "Hypercalcemic crisis". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12 Suppl 17: S3–9. 5. Di Zhaoa Pamela Ouyangb, Ian H. de Boerc, Pamela L. Lutseyd, “Serum vitamin D and sex hormones levels in men and women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)” Maturitas. Volume 96, February 2017, Pages 95–102

TRT Side Effects: How to Manage Them What are the Main Side Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)? Acne/oily skin  Hair loss Increased sex drive Unresolved erectile dysfunction Insomnia Sleep Apnea Testicular atrophy Enhanced assertiveness or reactivity High blood pressure/water retention Gynecomastia (male breast development)   Understanding Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a medical treatment designed to restore normal testosterone levels in men with hypogonadism, a condition where the testicles do not produce enough testosterone. This therapy aims to alleviate symptoms such as low libido, fatigue, and decreased muscle mass, which are commonly associated with low testosterone levels. TRT involves administering testosterone through various methods, including injections, gels, patches, and oral medications. By restoring testosterone levels, TRT helps improve overall quality of life for men suffering from androgen deficiency syndromes. What are the Main Side Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)? Like all treatments, testosterone therapy is associated with a number of known risks, particularly for men with testosterone deficiency. These risks should be communicated to patients prior to initiation of treatment. A key item is impaired spermatogenesis (sperm production) due to suppression of gonadotropins (LH and FSH). Men considered candidates for TRT should be questioned as to their desire to induce a pregnancy. Since sperm production may be reduced to zero, exogenous T alone should be avoided until fertility is no longer a concern. Treatment with hCG injections or oral clomiphene citrate may be considered in these men, as they do not suppress spermatogenesis. There is some limited data on the use of testosterone plus hCG for improvement of sperm quality and quantity in men. Acne may occur in younger men. Edema can be occasionally observed in middle-aged or older men due to the fluid-retentive properties of testosterone. Erythrocytosis (increased red blood cell count that causes high hematocrit) is infrequently seen with topical and injectable TRT treatments but is routinely observed in men treated parenterally with short-acting injections or implanted pellets. Although there is no evidence to date that T-induced erythrocytosis is associated with adverse events, it seems reasonable to prevent the hematocrit from rising excessively. Men whose hematocrit rises above 54% (or hemoglobin greater than 18 g/dL) should be considered for dose reduction, temporary discontinuation of T therapy, blood donation, or therapeutic phlebotomy. Read this first since it is the most common testosterone side effect: High hematocrit Acne/oily skin  Caused by Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) effect on increased oil production · Accutane– a powerful prescription item - 40 mg/day for one week sometimes stops acne if started at the first sign or as directed by your doctor. Accutane is potentially highly liver toxic and can lower testosterone. Do not use unless as last resort.· Sporanox—Effective for some acne-like eruptions that are caused by fungi. Some doctors also prescribe antibiotics, like tetracycline, for acne with good results.. Minocycline. Shower with Nizoral shampoo. Anti-bacterial soaps: use a scrubbing brush and wash twice a day, especially after sweating during a workout.· UV light or sunlight with moderation.. Zinc/copper supplements or zinc soaps may help some men with acne.. Other options: How to treat and prevent acne Hair loss Caused by DHT effect on hair follicles · Nizoral shampoo—Available by prescription and over-the-counter as a lower-dose product.· Rogaine—Available over the counter· Propecia - Available by prescription. A few males experience decreased erections with finasteride. Do not use. Increased sex drive · A problem? Sex drive is part of quality of life. Testosterone therapy may somewhat improve sexual function in men with low testosterone levels. This is not necessarily a bad side effect. Enjoy it. Unresolved erectile dysfunction · ED Medications: Available by prescription; enables robust erections. If you have sinus congestion or headaches/backaches, take non-drowsy allergy medication and ibuprofen. ED drugs can be combined with alpha-blockers and/or nitric oxide precursor amino acids (arginine or citrulline).· Yohimbine (Yocon) - Available by prescription; increases sex organ sensitivity. Can increase heart rate and blood pressure· Muse—Available by prescription; a pellet is inserted into the urethra to produce an erection. Unpopular· Trimix – Available by prescription from compounding pharmacies. The best and cheapest formula for injection into the penis for lasting erections.· Caverject - Available by prescription. An injection into the penis that produces an erection that can last 1 to 2 hours. Be careful with injecting too much since it can produce dangerously long erections that need to be treated in emergency rooms! Follow instructions from your urologist.· Papaverine—an older injectable medication, less expensive than Caverject.· Wellbutrin—prescription at 300 to 450 mg/day; increases dopamine.· HCG—First dose is 2,000 IU, then 250-500 IU twice or three times a week. No protocol has been proven in controlled studies yet. When Testosterone Replacement Doesn't Lead to Better Erections Insomnia Usually, this is caused by dosages that are too high. Find the least amount that gives you a good result. · Sleeping medications—e.g., Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta, Restoril· Melatonin: 1 to 3 mg before bedtime. If you wake up groggy after 6 hours, your dose should be lower.· Avoid working out too close to bedtime.· Limit caffeine, especially after 3 pm.· You may want to try a sleep formula with tryptophan, melatonin, and magnesium. Nutrients do not work as well as drugs, but they can help some people.Article: How to protect your circadian rhythm Unresolved Fatigue · Have your doctor prescribe a sleep study if you snore and wake up tired even after 7 hours of sleep. Some people may have to wear a C-PAP machine to breathe at night. Visit Home - SleepApnea.org for more information. There are also oral devices for those people who fail CPAP. Fatigue—When Testosterone Is Not Enough Testicular atrophy · HCG– One 2,000-unit injection per week for 2 weeks, followed by maintenance of 350-500 IU twice a week. Decrease testosterone dosage accordingly after starting hCG to reach levels around 500-1200 ng/dL while keeping all other lab work monitored. Watch this video on hCG and men Enhanced assertiveness or reactivity · Make sure you are getting enough sleep.. Count until 10 and be aware of your interaction with others.· Decrease caffeine.· Meditation, mindfulness, yoga; breathe from your belly for a few minutes when overreacting.· The testosterone dosage may be too high.· Ask yourself: Do I need to always be right?. Vent extra energy at the gym, sex, and sharing with your buddies at www.excelmale.com High blood pressure/water retention · Caused by sodium retention in the kidneys. Try to limit salt consumption. Caution is required due to potential water retention issues in patients with chronic kidney disease. . Blood pressure medications - Elevated blood pressure may be transient or not. Try ACE or ARBs since they seem to have fewer sexual dysfunction-related effects. · Magnesium (600 mg/day); vitamin B6 (100 to 200 mg/day); may help reduce water retention. · Water - Drink extra water every day to help flush the kidneys. . Check your estradiol to make sure it is not over 45 pg/ml. Treat if high with a low dose of anastrozole. . Make sure you are doing cardio exercise at least 3 times a week for 30 min. Sweat and lower your salt intake since TRT increases sodium retention in some men. Gynecomastia (male breast development) Caused by high estradiol in the presence of low testosterone. This is rare in men on testosterone replacement. · Arimidex inhibits estrogen production. Available by prescription. 0.25 mg per week. There is no agreement on what the highest E2 level is for men on TRT with high testosterone. Ensure that your estradiol does not go too low (under 20 pg/ml) if you use anastrozole since it is needed for bone, skin, brain, lipids, libido, good lipids and hair health.· Nolvadex (tamoxifen)– Competes with estrogen for receptors. Available by prescription, 10 to 20 mg/day. Use of Nolvadex during a steroid cycle may reduce the net anabolic effect, as it decreases the production of GH and IGF-1. High IGF-1 may be implicated in gynecomastia.. Severe cases may require removal of the breast tissue by surgery.· DHT cream- Some people have obtained great results by rubbing a 10% DHT cream on their nipples. Not available in the US but some people order it online from Germany. Read about medications/foods to avoid if you have gynecomastia.. Those who do know to respond to the above check other reasons. Find out how long it takes testosterone replacement to potentially show benefits For affordable blood tests in most cities in the U.S. : DiscountedLabs.com More information on TRT lab tests. Monitoring and Testing During TRT Regular monitoring and testing are essential during TRT to ensure safe and effective treatment. This includes: Regular blood tests to check testosterone levels, PSA, hematocrit, and liver enzymes Baseline bone density testing (DEXA) and bi-yearly bone density tests Monitoring of prostate health through PSA levels and DREs Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to discuss any concerns or side effects These tests help in tracking the effectiveness of the therapy and in identifying any potential issues early, ensuring that the treatment remains beneficial and safe. When to Seek Care It is essential to seek medical attention immediately if any of the following occur during TRT: Symptoms of a cardiovascular event, such as chest pain or shortness of breath Severe side effects, such as acne, hair loss, or mood changes Changes in prostate health, such as increased PSA levels or abnormal DRE results Concerns about testosterone levels or overall health By understanding the benefits and risks of TRT, monitoring prostate health, and seeking care when necessary, men with hypogonadism can safely and effectively manage their condition and improve their overall quality of life. Regular communication with healthcare providers and adherence to recommended monitoring protocols are key to successful testosterone replacement therapy. References: [i]   Metzger, DL, et al. Estrogen receptor blockade with tamoxifen diminishes growth hormone secretion in boys: evidence for a stimulatory role of endogenous estrogens during male adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1994) 79(2):513-518. [ii] el-Sheikh, MM, et al. The effect of Permixon (saw palmetto) on androgen receptors. J Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (1988) 67(5):397-399. [iii] Suzuki, K, et al. Endocrine environment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: prostate size and volume are correlated with serum estrogen concentration. Scand J Urol Nephrol (1995) 29:65-68. [iv] Gann, PH, et al. A prospective study of plasma hormone levels, nonhormonal factors, and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Prostate (1995) 26:40-49.   Buy your own on DiscountedLabs.com